Journal articles: 'Groundwater Interaction'

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Guggenmos, M. R., B. M. Jackson, and C. J. Daughney. "Investigation of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemical sampling with high temporal resolution, Mangatarere catchment, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 21, 2011): 10225–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-10225-2011.

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Abstract. The interaction between groundwater and surface water is dynamic and is known to show considerable spatial and temporal variability. Generally hydrological studies that investigate this interaction are conducted at weekly to yearly timescales and inadvertently lose information contained at the neglected shorter timescales. This paper utilises high resolution physical and chemical measurements to investigate the groundwater and surface water interactions of the small temperate Mangatarere Stream in New Zealand. Continuous electrical conductivity, water temperature and stage measurements were obtained at two surface water gauging stations and one groundwater station, along with one week of intensive hydrochemical grab sampling. A second groundwater gauging station provided limited additional data. The downstream reach of the Mangatarere Stream received significant base flow from neighbouring groundwaters which provided cool Na+-Cl− type waters, high in TDS and NO−3 concentrations. This reach also lost water to underlying groundwaters during an extended dry period when precipitation and regional groundwater stage were low. The upstream groundwater station received recharge primarily from precipitation as indicated by a Na+-Cl−-NO−3 signature, the result of precipitation passage through the soil-water zone. However, river recharge was also provided to the upstream groundwater station as indicated by the transferral of a diurnal water temperature pattern and dilute Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3−-Cl− signature. Results obtained from the Mangatarere catchment confirm the temporal complexities of groundwater and surface water interaction and highlight the benefits of multiple investigative approaches and the importance of high frequency hydrochemical sampling and monitoring for process understanding.

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Guggenmos, M. R., C. J. Daughney, B. M. Jackson, and U. Morgenstern. "Regional-scale identification of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 15, 2011): 3383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3383-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying areas of interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for effective environmental management, because this interaction is known to influence water quantity and quality. This paper applies hydrochemistry and multivariate statistics to identify locations and mechanisms of groundwater-surface water interaction in the pastorally dominated Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted using site-specific median values of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and electrical conductivity from 22 surface water sites and 246 groundwater sites. Surface water and groundwater monitoring sites were grouped together in three of the seven clusters identified by HCA, with the inference made that similarities in hydrochemistry indicate groundwater-surface water interaction. PCA indicated that the clusters were largely differentiated by total dissolved solids concentration, redox condition and ratio of major ions. Shallow aerobic groundwaters, located in close proximity to losing reaches of rivers, were grouped with similar Ca-HCO3 type surface waters, indicating potential recharge to aquifers from these river systems. Groundwaters that displayed a rainfall-recharged chemical signature with higher Na relative to Ca, higher Cl relative to HCO3 and an accumulation of NO3 were grouped with neighbouring surface waters, suggesting the provision of groundwater base flow to these river systems and the transfer of this chemical signature from underlying aquifers. The hydrochemical techniques used in this study did not reveal groundwater-surface water interaction in some parts of the study area, specifically where deep anoxic groundwaters, high in total dissolved solids with a distinct Na-Cl signature, showed no apparent link to surface water. The drivers of hydrochemistry inferred from HCA and PCA are consistent with previous measurements of 18O, water age and excess air. Overall, this study has shown that multivariate statistics can be used as a rapid method to identify groundwater-surface water interaction at a regional scale using existing hydrochemical datasets.

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Guggenmos, M. R., C. J. Daughney, B. M. Jackson, and U. Morgenstern. "Regional-scale identification of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 6, 2011): 6443–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-6443-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying areas of interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for effective environmental management, because this interaction is known to influence water quantity and quality. This paper applies hydrochemistry and multivariate statistics to identify locations and mechanisms of groundwater-surface water interaction in the pastorally dominated Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted using site-specific median values of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and electrical conductivity from 22 surface water sites and 246 groundwater sites. Surface water and groundwater monitoring sites were grouped together in three of the seven clusters identified by HCA, with the inference made that similarities in hydrochemistry indicate groundwater-surface water interaction. PCA indicated that the clusters were largely differentiated by total dissolved solids concentration, redox potential and ratio of major ions. Shallow aerobic groundwaters, located in close proximity to losing reaches of rivers, were grouped with similar Ca-HCO3 type surface waters, indicating potential recharge to aquifers from these river systems. Groundwaters that displayed a rainfall-recharged chemical signature with higher Na relative to Ca, higher Cl relative to HCO3 and an accumulation of NO3 were grouped with neighbouring surface waters, suggesting the provision of groundwater base flow to these river systems and the transfer of this chemical signature from underlying aquifers. The hydrochemical techniques used in this study did not reveal groundwater-surface water interaction in some parts of the study area, specifically where deep anoxic groundwaters, high in total dissolved solids with a distinct Na-Cl signature, showed no apparent link to surface water. The drivers of hydrochemistry inferred from HCA and PCA are consistent with previous measurements of 18O, water age and excess air. Overall, this study has shown that multivariate statistics can be used as a rapid method to identify groundwater-surface water interaction at a regional scale using existing hydrochemical datasets.

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G, Ottos C., and Isaac E. O. "Modeling of Predictive interaction of Water Parameters in Groundwater." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11292.

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Ó Dochartaigh, Brighid É., Alan M. MacDonald, Andrew R. Black, Jez Everest, Paul Wilson, W. George Darling, Lee Jones, and Mike Raines. "Groundwater–glacier meltwater interaction in proglacial aquifers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 4527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4527-2019.

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Abstract. Groundwater plays a significant role in glacial hydrology and can buffer changes to the timing and magnitude of flows in meltwater rivers. However, proglacial aquifer characteristics or groundwater dynamics in glacial catchments are rarely studied directly. We provide direct evidence of proglacial groundwater storage, and quantify multi-year groundwater–meltwater dynamics, through detailed aquifer characterisation and intensive high-resolution monitoring of the proglacial system of a rapidly retreating glacier, Virkisjökull, in south-eastern Iceland. Proglacial unconsolidated glaciofluvial sediments comprise a highly permeable aquifer (25–40 m d−1) in which groundwater flow in the shallowest 20–40 m of the aquifer is equivalent to 4.5 % (2.6 %–5.8 %) of mean river flow, and 9.7 % (5.8 %–12.3 %) of winter flow. Estimated annual groundwater flow through the entire aquifer thickness is 10 % (4 %–22 %) the magnitude of annual river flow. Groundwater in the aquifer is actively recharged by glacier meltwater and local precipitation, both rainfall and snowmelt, and strongly influenced by individual precipitation events. Local precipitation represents the highest proportion of recharge across the aquifer. However, significant glacial meltwater influence on groundwater within the aquifer occurs in a 50–500 m river zone within which there are complex groundwater–river exchanges. Stable isotopes, groundwater dynamics and temperature data demonstrate active recharge from river losses, especially in the summer melt season, with more than 25 % and often >50 % of groundwater in the near-river aquifer zone sourced from glacier meltwater. Proglacial aquifers such as these are common globally, and future changes in glacier coverage and precipitation are likely to increase the significance of groundwater storage within them. The scale of proglacial groundwater flow and storage has important implications for measuring meltwater flux, for predicting future river flows, and for providing strategic water supplies in de-glaciating catchments.

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Young, Steven C., Robert E. Mace, and Carlos Rubinstein. "Surface water-groundwater interaction issues in Texas." Texas Water Journal 9, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7084.

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In Texas, surface water is owned and regulated by the State of Texas, whereas groundwater is owned by respective property owners under the rule of capture. Owners of surface water rights, issued by the state, and groundwater may use and sell their water as a private property right. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality administers surface water rights, while groundwater conservation districts (where they exist) are primarily responsible for permitting groundwater use. This paper focuses on the complexity of both systems that are designed to manage water resources differently with specific emphasis on where surface water and groundwater interact. Surface water-groundwater interactions have contributed to disputes over the actual ownership and right to water. The available science and the limitations of the models currently used to make water availability and permitting determinations are discussed, as are the investments in field data gathering and interpretation and model enhancements that can lead to better assessments of surface water-groundwater interactions and impacts. More complete science and enhanced models may also help reduce the timeline associated with the permitting of future water supply and use strategies. Citation: Young SC, Mace RE, Rubinstein C. 2018. Surface water-groundwater interaction issues in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 9(1):129-149. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7084.

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Novikov, Dmitry A. "Chemical equilibrium of groundwater with minerals of the host rocks in Upper Jurassic sediments (Arctic regions of Western Siberia)." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199801037.

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The results of thermodynamic calculations for a water-rock system in the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Arctic regions of Western Siberia are presented. In the area under investigation the groundwaters have been identified with mineralization up to 63.3 g/L and various chemical composition and genesis. Despite the long interaction with the rock (150-160 ma) equilibrium with endogenous minerals (albite, microcline and anorthite) is practically not observed. At the same time, groundwaters are in equilibrium with clay minerals and micas, such as: Caand Na-montmorillonites, kaolinite, paragonite, margarite, illite, muscovite and Mg-chlorite. The establishment of a balance of groundwater with primary aluminosilicate minerals is also affected by interactions with carbonate minerals. The differences in composition of groundwater in equilibrium with certain aluminosilicates and carbonates indicate that the mineral changes are formed from a solution of a strictly defined chemical composition in an appropriate geochemical environment.

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Islam, Md Shajedul, and M. G. Mostafa. "Evaluation of Hydrogeochemical Processes in Groundwater Using Geochemical and Geostatistical Approaches in the Upper Bengal Basin." Geofluids 2022 (April 6, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9591717.

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Overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and radical changes of river morphology in the Bengal basin has posed difficulties to sustainable management of this resource. Forty groundwater samples were collected from tube wells of the pre-monsoon and postmonsoon seasons in 2020, and the water parameters were analyzed. The hydrogeochemical studies, bivariate plots, and multivariate techniques were used to evaluate the rock-water interactions, influencing factors, and contamination pathways. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract several directions in the data space and understand the different geochemical processes. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis coupled with the post hoc ANOVA test of variance was also used to divide the sampling sites based on the geochemical water facies. The PHREEQC-3v software was used to measure the partial pressure of CO2 in groundwater and elucidate the chemical reactions controlling the water chemistry. Near-neutral pH (7.4) and high EC (813.2 μS/cm), TDS (507.35 mg/L), and total hardness (383.45 mg/L) characterize the groundwaters of the study area. The research revealed that the order of abundance of cations was Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+ and of anions was HCO3−>>Cl->SO42−>NO3->PO43-. The PCA revealed that the chemical properties of the groundwater are derived from rock-water interactions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that two distinct groundwater zones were affected by neighboring river flow and irrigation return flow. Several diagrams suggested that the water was mainly of Ca-HCO3 type originating from chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals with advanced water-rock interaction. The analyzed groundwater was supersaturated with calcite and partially saturated with dolomite. As a result, the chemical features of groundwater in the study area were largely dependent on the water-rock interaction, local lithological conditions, and neighboring river morphology. This study can be helpful for the improvement of water resource management, especially for drinking and irrigation purposes.

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Meng, Fanao, Changlai Xiao, Xiujuan Liang, Ge Wang, and Ying Sun. "Regularity and a statistical model of surface water and groundwater interaction in the Taoer River alluvial fan, China." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (August 26, 2019): 2379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.118.

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Abstract The study of surface water and groundwater (SGW) interaction can be used to improve water resource management. Herein, annual and monthly interactions in the Taoer River alluvial fan were calculated for the 1956–2014 period using the surface water balance method and the groundwater balance method, and a statistical model of interaction was obtained. The SGW interaction is shown in terms of the recharge of groundwater by surface water. From 1956 to 2014, the amount of SGW interaction in the study area varied greatly, averaging 27,848.4 × 104m3 annually. SGW interaction decreased gradually from the 1950s to the 1980s, and increased gradually from the 1980s to the present. During an individual year, SGW interaction increases gradually from January to July, peaking in July, and decreases gradually from August to December. An annual and a monthly multivariate regression statistical model were established. R2 was 0.697 for the annual model and 0.405 for the monthly model; the annual interaction model is more reliable. The model can be used to predict future trends in SGW interaction, which could be of great significance to the management of groundwater resources in the study area.

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Haque, Arefin, Amgad Salama, Kei Lo, and Peng Wu. "Surface and Groundwater Interactions: A Review of Coupling Strategies in Detailed Domain Models." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010035.

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In groundwater numerical simulations, the interactions between surface and groundwater have received great attention due to difficulties related to their validation and calibration due to the dynamic exchange occurring at the soil–water interface. The interaction is complex at small scales. However, at larger scales, the interaction is even more complicated, and has never been fully addressed. A clear understanding of the coupling strategies between the surface and groundwater is essential in order to develop numerical models for successful simulations. In the present review, two of the most commonly used coupling strategies in detailed domain models—namely, fully-coupled and loosely-coupled techniques—are reviewed and compared. The advantages and limitations of each modelling scheme are discussed. This review highlights the strategies to be considered in the development of groundwater flow models that are representative of real-world conditions between surface and groundwater interactions at regional scales.

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Mnati, Maher, Ali Al-Aboodi, and Ayman Hassan. "Simulation of Interaction Between Groundwater and Surface Water in Safwan-Zubair Area, South of Iraq." Basrah journal for engineering science 23, no. 1 (July 2, 2023): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.23.1.7.

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Groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions, such as the studied area (Safwan Al-Zubair area, south of Iraq), is of specific meaning as a major source for domestic use and irrigation demand. There is a need to better understand the interactions between groundwater and surface water (Shatt Al-Basrah Canal). These interactions can negatively affect the quality of groundwater in this area, especially that the water of Shatt Al-Basrah Canal contains highly concentrated pollutants. The aim of the study is to investigate the temporal disparity of river-aquifer interactions and count the amount of river interchange among canal and aquifer. In this research, a new concept of paradigm will be advanced utilizing RIVER package of Groundwater River Paradigm (MODFLOW) for the simulation of river-aquifer interaction operations. Six monitoring wells are chosen to evaluate the preliminary and historical groundwater hydraulic heads for six months and then use all collected data in Modflow to execute the simulation of numerical modeling to assessment the interaction between surface water and groundwater. The amount of seepage out from the canal towards the aquifer was (64.99 m3/day) in wet season (winter season), as a result of the high levels of the surface water compared to the hydraulic heads of groundwater. The amount of seepage in dry season towards the aquifer is equal to (336.8 m3/day).

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Wan, Yu Yu, Fu Tian Liu, and Guang Yu Lin. "Study on the Hydraulic Relationship between Molin River and Groundwater." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.652.

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Molin River catchment is located in arid and semi-arid region in China. River water and groundwater are major water sources in this area. It is a key work to identify the interaction between river water and groundwater for not only water resources assessment and sustainable development, but residents living, industry and agriculture and environment protection. In this study, the interaction of Molin River water and groundwater has been analyzed systematically with hydrogeochemical and isotopic methods based on analyzing the characteristics of groundwater hydrodynamic field. The results show that Molin river water originates from groundwater in river source and is recharged by precipitation and groundwater with different recharge intensity along river flow. From the conclusions, it is obviously that these two parts of water cycle can not be departed, and their interactions need to be considered comprehensively in water resources assessment and development in order to avoid irreversible surface ecological environment damage in Molin River basin

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KOBAYASHI, Masao. "Interaction between Lake Water and Groundwater." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 43, no. 2 (2001): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.43.101.

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Nawalany, Marek, Grzegorz Sinicyn, Maria Grodzka-Łukaszewska, and Dorota Mirosław-Świątek. "Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction—Analytical Approach." Water 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061792.

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Modelling of water flow in the hyporheic zone and calculations of water exchange between groundwater and surface waters are important issues in modern environmental research. The article presents the Analytical Hyporheic Flux approach (AHF) permitting calculation of the amount of water exchange in the hyporheic zone, including vertical water seepage through the streambed and horizontal seepage through river banks. The outcome of the model, namely water fluxes, is compared with the corresponding results from the numerical model SEEP2D and simple Darcy-type model. The errors of the AHF model, in a range of 11–16%, depend on the aspect ratio of water depth to river width, and the direction of the river–aquifer water exchange, i.e., drainage or infiltration. The AHF model errors are significantly lower compared to the often-used model based on vertical water seepage through the streambed described by Darcy’s law.

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Epting, Jannis, Peter Huggenberger, Dirk Radny, Frederik Hammes, Juliane Hollender, Rebecca M. Page, Stefanie Weber, Dominik Bänninger, and Adrian Auckenthaler. "Spatiotemporal scales of river-groundwater interaction – The role of local interaction processes and regional groundwater regimes." Science of The Total Environment 618 (March 2018): 1224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.219.

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Nefzaoui, Farah, Mohamed Fethi Ben Hamouda, Paula Maria Carreira, José Manuel Marques, and Hans G. M. Eggenkamp. "Evidence for Groundwater Salinity Origin Based on Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic (2H, 18O, 37Cl, 3H, 13C, 14C) Approaches: Sousse, Eastern Tunisia." Water 15, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061242.

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The key processes responsible for the rise in groundwater salinization in the Mio–Pliocene aquifer system of Sousse (Tunisia, eastern coastline) were identified through a multidisciplinary approach based on the use of geochemical, stable (2H, 13C, 18O and 37Cl) and radioactive (3H and 14C) isotope methods. In the study region, the mineralization of groundwaters is related to water–rock interaction ascribed to the dissolution of minerals in evaporite rocks, as well as to saltwater intrusion. Both processes explain the development of groundwaters in which Cl and Na dominantly determine the groundwater quality deterioration state. The isotopic and geochemical signatures of the studied groundwaters are clearly explained by the (i) occurrence of saline basins (sebkhas adjacent to the study region), (ii) type of rocks found below the ground surface, and (iii) cation exchange between clays and groundwaters.

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Sader, Jamil A., Anna L. Harrison, M. Beth McClenaghan, Stewart M. Hamilton, Ian D. Clark, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, and Matthew I. Leybourne. "Generation of high-pH groundwaters and H2 gas by groundwater–kimberlite interaction, northeastern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 1261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000048.

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ABSTRACT We report new isotopic data for H2 and CH4 gases and Sr for groundwater collected from Jurassic Kirkland Lake kimberlites in northern Ontario, Canada. Groundwaters interacting with kimberlites have elevated pH (up to 12.4), are reducing (Eh as low as the H2-H2O couple), are dominated by OH− alkalinity, and have non-radiogenic (mantle) 87Sr/86Sr values (∼0.706–0.707). Most significantly, the highest pH groundwaters have low Mg, high K/Mg, and are associated with abundant reduced gases (H2 ± CH4). Open system conditions favor higher dissolved inorganic carbon and CH4 production, whereas under closed system conditions low DIC, elevated OH− alkalinity, and H2 production are enhanced. Hydrogen gas is isotopically depleted (δ2HH2 = −771 to −801‰), which, combined with δ2HH2O, yields geothermometry temperatures of serpentinization of 5–25 °C. Deviation of H2-rich groundwaters (by up to 10‰) from the meteoric water line is consistent with Rayleigh fractionation during reduction of water to H2. Methane is characterized by δ13CCH4 = −35.8 to −68‰ and δ2HCH4 = −434‰. The origin of CH4 is inconclusive and there is evidence to support both biogenic and abiogenic origins. The modeled groundwater–kimberlite reactions and production of elevated concentrations of H2 gas suggest uses for diamond-production tailings, as a source of H2 for fuel cells and as a carbon sink.

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Shen, Shuai, Teng Ma, Yao Du, Kewen Luo, Yamin Deng, and Zongjie Lu. "Temporal variations in groundwater nitrogen under intensive groundwater/surface-water interaction." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 5 (March 14, 2019): 1753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01952-x.

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Huerta, Pedro, Pedro Carrasco-García, Ildefonso Armenteros, Clemente Recio, Javier Carrasco-García, and Esther Rodríguez-Jiménez. "TDEM Soundings as a Tool to Determine Seasonal Variations of Groundwater Salinity (Villafáfila Lakes, Spain)." Water 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152402.

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Interaction between groundwaters with different salinities and lakes show seasonal variations driven by changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration. In the vicinity of Villafáfila lakes, local fresh and brackish regional groundwaters feeds the lakes, forming a brine in the lake sediments aquitard. Two TDEM surveys (summer 2019 and winter 2020) were carried out. Five TDEM soundings were acquired at the same location for each survey, forming a profile from the hills to the lake-shore. Simultaneously to the TDEM surveys, electric conductivity of lake water and groundwater was measured. The resistivity boundary between the local fresh (10–35 Ohm/m) and regional brackish groundwater (2–5 Ohm/m) is well marked at 600 m above sea level (masl) below the hills, and at 650 masl below the lowlands surrounding the lakes. During the summer, fresh-brackish groundwater interphase rises due to evaporative pumping occurring in the lowlands. This increases groundwater salinity close to the terrain surface favoring precipitation of halite efflorescences. Annual record of EC in a piezometer confirms the summer ascendant of the brine contained in the lake aquitard. TDEM sounding is fast and simple technique to monitor seasonal variations in fresh-brackish groundwater interphase and to detect possible salinization of consumption wells and environmental changes.

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Shi, Jian-Xun, Zhao-Hui Li, Yong-Qiang He, Guo-Ming Zhang, and Ming-Qiang Wei. "The Influence of Physical and Chemical Reactions on Water Leakage in a Multiarch Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 23, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8830739.

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In many tunnels in China, the groundwater is acidic and carbonated, causing in challenges in the prevention and control of leakages of the existing tunnels and tunnels under construction. Research on tunnel leakage and the physical and chemical effects of water due to water-rock interactions is a trending topic. In addition, there is a big difference between the waterproof and drainage of multiarch tunnels and separate tunnels. In this study, the mechanism of the interaction between the groundwater and the surrounding rock of a multiarch tunnel were analyzed. The relationship between the leakage of a multiarch tunnel and the interaction between the surrounding rocks and groundwater was determined by analyzing the interaction between the chemical components in the groundwater, rocks, and the concrete lining. A mathematical model was established based on the physical and chemical reactions in the rock surrounding the tunnel, and the RNCDX.FOR program was compiled using the simplex Monte Carlo method. The total free energy in the entire system varied significantly, and the value of objective function (J) reflected the trend of the system's spontaneous reaction. As J decreased, the reaction power of the system increased. The more significant the erosion of the rocks was by the groundwater, the more channels were created by the groundwater in the rock, and the more likely the water leakage was.

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Brančić, Andjela, Anastasija Đordjević, and Dejan Nešković. "Characteristics of Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction in Areas with Scarce Input Data—Case Study of Banja River Catchment (Western Serbia)." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 1, 2018): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110625.

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Water resources monitoring traditionally refers to the observation of surface or groundwater as separate entities. However, in one watershed, almost all characteristics of surface water interact with groundwater. This research was done in order to obtain more accurate assumptions about the interaction between groundwater and surface water and establish recharge zones on the example of Banja river catchment area. This research shows the possibility to have both quantitative and qualitative analyses of groundwater–surface water interactions of some river catchment with limited input data in short period of time which can be beneficial, especially on remote locations.

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Unland, N. P., I. Cartwright, M. S. Andersen, G. C. Rau, J. Reed, B. S. Gilfedder, A. P. Atkinson, and H. Hofmann. "Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: a multi-technical approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2013): 3795–842. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-3795-2013.

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Abstract. The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222Rn activities all indicate higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater–surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 × 104 to 1.41 × 103 m3 day−1) than discharge estimated by 222Rn mass balance (5.35 × 105 to 9.56 × 103 m3 day−1) and differential flow gauging (5.41 × 105 to 6.30 × 103 m3 day−1). While groundwater sampling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these interactions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest under high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rainfall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4% of the Tambo in April 2010 and 18.9% of the Nicholson in September 2010).

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Pang, Zhonghe, Jie Li, and Jiao Tian. "Noble gas geochemistry and chronology of groundwater in an active rift basin in central China." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199801040.

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Stable noble gas isotopes are excellent groundwater tracers. Radioactive noble gases are emerging new tools in the study of groundwater circulation dynamics. Among these, the 85Kr and 81Kr, and 39Ar have advanced very fast in recent years and exhibit strong potential in the reconstruction of the history of groundwater recharge and evolution in sedimentary basins at different scales. Here, we report the findings in groundwater circulation dynamics as relative to intensive water-rock interactions, heat transfer and He gas flux in Guanzhong Basin located in Xi’an, the geographical centre of China, which is a rift basin created by collision between the Eurasia and Indian plates, with active neotectonic activities. The recent technological breakthrough in noble gas isotope measurements, i.e. the atomic trap trace analysis (ATTA) techniques on Kr and Ar gas radionuclei, has revolutionized groundwater dating. Noble gas samples from shallow and deep wells to 3000 m depth have been collected to study isotope variations to reconstruct the history of groundwater recharge and understand the water-rock interaction processes. Stable isotopes of water show strong water-rock interaction in the formation, creating a strong positive O-isotope shift up to 10 ‰, a phenomenon that is rarely seen in a fairly low temperature environment. Analysis of 85Kr and 81Kr show groundwater ages up to 1.3 million years old along both North-South and a West-East cross sections, which offers strong evidence about the slow moving flow, strong water-rock interaction, rich geothermal resources as well as He gas resources.

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Wu, Zihao, Yaolin Liu, Guie Li, Yiran Han, Xiaoshun Li, and Yiyun Chen. "Influences of Environmental Variables and Their Interactions on Chinese Farmland Soil Organic Carbon Density and Its Dynamics." Land 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020208.

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Farmland is one of the most important and active components of the soil carbon pool. Exploring the controlling factors of farmland soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and its sequestration rate (SOCDSR) is vital for improving carbon sequestration and addressing climate change. Present studies provide considerable attention to the impacts of natural factors and agricultural management on SOCD and SOCDSR. However, few of them focus on the interaction effects of environmental variables on SOCD and SOCDSR. Therefore, using 64 samples collected from 19 agricultural stations in China, this study explored the effects of natural factors, human activities, and their interactions on farmland SOCD and SOCDSR by using geographical detector methods. Results of geographical detectors showed that SOCD was associated with natural factors, including groundwater depth, soil type, clay content, mean annual temperature (MAT), and mean annual precipitation. SOCDSR was related to natural factors and agricultural management, including MAT, groundwater depth, fertilization, and their interactions. Interaction effects existed in all environmental variable pairs, and the explanatory power of interaction effects was often greater than that of the sum of two single variables. Specifically, the interaction effect of soil type and MAT explained 74.8% of the variation in SOCD, and further investigation revealed that SOCD was highest in Luvisols and was under a low MAT (<6 °C). The interaction effect of groundwater depth and fertilization explained 40.4% of the variation in SOCDSR, and fertilization was conducive to SOCD increase at a high groundwater depth (<3 m). These findings suggest that low soil temperature, high soil moisture, and fertilization are conducive to soil carbon accumulation. These findings also highlight the importance of agricultural management and interaction effects in explaining SOCD and SOCDSR, which promote our knowledge to better understand the variation of SOCD and its dynamics.

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Cai, Yi, Wenrui Huang, Fei Teng, Beibei Wang, Ke Ni, and Chunmiao Zheng. "Spatial variations of river–groundwater interactions from upstream mountain to midstream oasis and downstream desert in Heihe River basin, China." Hydrology Research 47, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.072.

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The Heihe River basin consists of three different characteristic regions: upstream mountain area, midstream oasis region, and downstream desert region. Understanding the river–groundwater interactions in different river reaches is important for sustainable water resources management. In this study, river–groundwater interactions in three different river regions are investigated by the analysis of geophysical characteristics, meteor-hydrological characteristics, agricultural irrigations, and channel water balance equation in the river reaches in different seasons. Results indicate that the river–groundwater interactions vary geographically in the three different regions, and change seasonally with the strongest interactions during the summer. Groundwater discharges into the river in the upstream mountainous reach (annual 2.57 × 108m3) while the river water seeps into aquifers in the downstream desert reach (annual 10.39 × 108m3). In the midstream oasis region, pumping water for agriculture irrigation significantly affects the river–groundwater interaction. The river loses water to the ground during the major- and medium-irrigation periods, and gains water from groundwater during the minor-irrigation period in the midstream reach. The characteristics of the river–groundwater interactions are primarily dominated by physiographic features and precipitation in the upstream mountainous region, by human activities and precipitation in the midstream oasis region, and by evaporation and human activities in the downstream desert region.

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Chapman, Steven W., Beth L. Parker, John A. Cherry, Ramon Aravena, and Daniel Hunkeler. "Groundwater–surface water interaction and its role on TCE groundwater plume attenuation." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 91, no. 3-4 (May 2007): 203–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.10.006.

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27

Long, Tran Thanh, and Sucharit Koontanakulvong. "Groundwater and River Interaction Impact to Aquifer System in Saigon River Basin, Vietnam." Engineering Journal 24, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.5.15.

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Since the 1990s, under the pressure of socio-economic growth in the Ho Chi Minh City and nearby provinces, the heavy-extraction of groundwater of this area has dramatically increased to meet high water demand for domestic and industrial purposes. Although the groundwater – Saigon River interaction significantly contributes to groundwater reserves, researchers have been less attentive to fully describe and understand the river recharge. This study attempts to explore the impact of groundwater-river interaction to aquifer system due to pumping increase via field seepage and (O18, H2) isotopic measurements in the Saigon River Basin, South East of Vietnam. The analysis showed that river bed conductance at 0 km, 30 km, 60 km, 80 km, and 120 km were 4.5 m2/day/m, 4.2 m2/day/m, 2.5 m2/day/m, 1.7 m2/day/m, and 0.25 m2/day/m respectively. The riverbed conductance relies on the sand percentage of sediment. The composition δO18 in groundwater, river, and precipitation indicates that river recharge to groundwater exists mainly in the lower part of the basin. In contrast to downstream, the composition of δO18 was signified that the river primarily gains water from groundwater upstream. Under pressure of developing economies, the groundwater pumping in the Saigon river basin increased from 175,000 m3/day in 1995 to 880,000 m3/day in 2017. As a consequence of the increased pumping rate, the groundwater discharge to the river decreases from 1.6 to 0.7 times of groundwater pumping in upstream, while the amount of Saigon river recharge increases by 33% to 50% of the total groundwater pumping downstream. Under the exceedance pumping rate, the aquifers in the Saigon River Basin release less water to the Saigon river and it tends to gain more water through the river - groundwater interaction process. Therefore, groundwater management in downstream aquifers needs better joint planning with surface water development plans, particularly for surface water supply utilities which still struggle to satisfy the water demand of the development plan.

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Jing, Shao Dong, Shuai Ling Xu, and Chao Guo Wang. "Analysis of Water-Rock Interaction and Two-Dimensional Seepage Field of Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3297.

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Researches show that groundwater easily leads to tunnel disease. Groundwater seepage field is changed after the tunnel excavated. When crossing the fault fracture zone with groundwater, the tunnel will be cut into independent units with water. Along with the tensile stress on the tunnel invert and upper apex, it's prone to landslides and other damages. This paper analyzes the mechanism of interaction of water and rock, and describes the failure mechanism made by groundwater on the rock by RFPA2D, then analyzes the changes of groundwater seepage field before and after the tunnel excavation by using Rocscience Slide, finally the conventional Inflow prediction methods are contrasted.

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29

Hadi, Saad. "SURFACE WATER-GROUNDWATER INTERACTION IN DIWANIYA, SOUTHERN IRAQ USING ISOTOPIC AND CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2B (August 31, 2020): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2b.5rs-2020-09-05.

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Soyaslan, I. I., A. Dogan, and R. Karaguzel. "Modelling of lake—groundwater interaction in Turkey." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 161, no. 5 (October 2008): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.2008.161.5.277.

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31

Evans, Richard, Mike Dudding, and Greg Holland. "River-groundwater interaction: a practical management approach." Australasian Journal of Water Resources 10, no. 2 (January 2006): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2006.11465290.

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32

Carabin, G., and A. Dassargues. "Modeling groundwater with ocean and river interaction." Water Resources Research 35, no. 8 (August 1999): 2347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900127.

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Grischek, Thomas, and Chittaranjan Ray. "Bank filtration as managed surface-groundwater interaction." International Journal of Water 5, no. 2 (2009): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2009.028722.

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34

Liu, Ting, Xin Su, and Valentina Prigiobbe. "Groundwater-Sewer Interaction in Urban Coastal Areas." Water 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121774.

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In this paper, a study of the potential causes of the occurrence of high concentration of Enterococcus Faecalis in surface water within urban areas in dry-weather conditions (DWCs) is presented. Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) undersized sewer system; and (2) groundwater infiltration into damaged sewer pipes. In both cases, more frequent combined sewer overflows (CSOs) may occur discharging untreated sewage into surface water. To evaluate the first hypothesis, a hydraulic model of a sewer was developed assuming a water-tight system. The simulation results show that CSOs never occur in DWCs but a rain event of intensity equal to 1/3 of one-year return period may trigger them. To evaluate the second hypothesis, a model combining sewer failure with groundwater level was developed to identify the sections of damaged sewer below the water table and, therefore, potentially affected by infiltration. The risk of infiltration exceeds 50% in almost half of the entire network even at the lowest calculated water table. Considering 50% of infiltration distributed throughout that part of the network, CSOs can occur also in DWCs.

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35

Skvortsov, E. V., and D. T. Suyucheva. "Interaction between Wells and a Groundwater Stream." Fluid Dynamics 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10697-005-0096-2.

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36

Krause, S., and A. Bronstert. "An advanced approach for catchment delineation and water balance modelling within wetlands and floodplains." Advances in Geosciences 5 (December 16, 2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-5-1-2005.

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Abstract. Water balance of wetlands within lowland floodplains is strongly influenced by the temporally variable spatial extent of the interactions between groundwater and surface water. A robust algorithm will be introduced which makes it possible to delineate the interaction zone between the lowland river and the floodplain. This interaction zone is specified as the "Direct Catchment" which is defined by the part of the connected floodplain in which wetland water balance is mainly affected by the surface water dynamics of the adjacent river. The delineation algorithm is based on transfer functions which were assessed by local simulation results of the integrated water balance and nutrient dynamics model IWAN. The transfer functions are further determined by mean annual groundwater depths and by simulated groundwater dynamics. They are controlled by simulation results of the maximal transversal extent of surface water influence on groundwater stages. The regionalisation of the developed delineation algorithm leads to the specification of the maximal extent of groundwater - surface water - interaction processes along the river. By application of this approach to the Havel River basin, located within lowlands of Northeaster Germany, it was possible to specify a 998.1 km2 part of the floodplain which is directly connected with the surface waters and thus called the "Direct Catchment" of the Havel river. The IWAN model was applied to simulate the water balance of the floodplain. The simulation results prove the tight interaction between river and floodplain. It is shown that the spatially and temporally variable influences of the connected floodplain on the river discharge were only important during low discharge in summer.

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37

Xie, Hong-Yu, Xiao-Wei Jiang, Shu-Cong Tan, Li Wan, Xu-Sheng Wang, Si-Hai Liang, and Yijian Zeng. "Interaction of soil water and groundwater during the freezing–thawing cycle: field observations and numerical modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 4243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4243-2021.

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Abstract. Freezing-induced groundwater-level decline is widely observed in regions with a shallow water table, but many existing studies on freezing-induced groundwater migration do not account for freezing-induced water-level fluctuations. Here, by combining detailed field observations of liquid soil water content and groundwater-level fluctuations at a site in the Ordos Plateau, China, and numerical modeling, we showed that the interaction of soil water and groundwater dynamics was controlled by wintertime atmospheric conditions and topographically driven lateral groundwater inflow. With an initial water table depth of 120 cm and a lateral groundwater inflow rate of 1.03 mm d−1, the observed freezing and thawing-induced fluctuations of soil water content and groundwater level are well reproduced. By calculating the budget of groundwater, the mean upward flux of freezing-induced groundwater loss is 1.46 mm d−1 for 93 d, while the mean flux of thawing-induced groundwater recharge is as high as 3.94 mm d−1 for 32 d. These results could be useful for local water resources management when encountering seasonally frozen soils and for future studies on two- or three-dimensional transient groundwater flow in semi-arid and seasonally frozen regions. By comparing models under a series of conditions, we found the magnitude of freezing-induced groundwater loss decreases with initial water table depth and increases with the rate of groundwater inflow. We also found a fixed-head lower boundary condition would overestimate freezing-induced groundwater migration when the water table depth is shallow. Therefore, an accurate characterization of freezing-induced water table decline is critical to quantifying the contribution of groundwater to hydrological and ecological processes in cold regions.

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38

Zhu, Meijia, Shiqin Wang, Xiaole Kong, Wenbo Zheng, Wenzhao Feng, Xianfu Zhang, Ruiqiang Yuan, Xianfang Song, and Matthias Sprenger. "Interaction of Surface Water and Groundwater Influenced by Groundwater Over-Extraction, Waste Water Discharge and Water Transfer in Xiong’an New Area, China." Water 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030539.

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Understanding the interaction of surface water and groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities is of great importance for water resource and water quality management. The Xiong’an New Area, located in the North China Plain, has been designated a new building area by China’s government. Groundwater has been over pumped and artificial water was transferred to meet the water supply in this region. Therefore, the natural interaction of surface water and groundwater has been greatly changed and there has been a complex impact of the groundwater from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we used water chemical ions and stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O to assess the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the Xiong’an New Area. We carried out field surveys and water sampling of the Fu River (domestic waste water discharge), Lake Baiyangdian (artificial water transfer), and the underlying groundwater along the water bodies. Results show that the artificial surface water (discharged and transferred) became the major recharge source for the local groundwater due to the decline of groundwater table. We used groundwater table observations, end-member mixing analysis of the stable isotopic composition and chloride tracers to estimate the contributions of different recharge sources to the local groundwater. Due to the over pumping of groundwater, the lateral groundwater recharge was dominant with a contribution ratio ranging from 12% to 78% in the upper reach of the river (Sections 1–3). However, the contribution of lateral groundwater recharge was estimated to be negligible with respect to the artificial water recharge from Lake Baiyangdian. Seepage from the Fu River contributed a significant amount of water to the connecting aquifer, with a contribution ranging from 14% to 75% along the river. The extent of the river influence into the aquifer ranges as far as 1400 m to the south and 400 m to the north of the Fu River. Estimations based on isotopic fractionation shows that about 25% of Lake Baiyangdian water was lost by evaporation. By using the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water, an influencing range of 16 km west of the lake was determined. The interaction of the surface water and groundwater is completely changed by anthropogenic activities, such as groundwater over pumping, waste water discharge and water transfer. The switched interaction of surface water and groundwater has a significant implication on water resources management.

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39

Braaten, R., and G. Gates. "Groundwater–surface water interaction in inland New South Wales: a scoping study." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0443.

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Groundwater and surface water have traditionally been managed separately in New South Wales (NSW). However, where rivers and aquifers are hydraulically connected, groundwater pumping has the potential to deplete streamflow. To highlight the major areas of connection in inland NSW, major streams were overlaid with groundwater depth data and the locations of irrigation bores. A consistent pattern was revealed related to basin geomorphology. The main areas of connection are the mid-sections of the major rivers where alluvial systems are well developed yet still narrow and constricted and groundwater depths are shallow. The mapping was validated and the processes explored by calculating water balances for a connected and disconnected reach in the Murrumbidgee River. These showed that, in highly connected reaches, river losses and/or gains are closely related to groundwater levels.

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40

Houria, Baazi, Kalla Mahdi, and Tebbi Fatima Zohra. "Hydrochemical Characterisation of Groundwater Quality: Merdja Plain (Tebessa Town, Algeria)." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091473.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of the groundwater of the Merdja plain and to determine the sources of mineralization. This quality is influenced by several environmental and anthropogenic factors such as geological context, climate, precipitation and interaction between groundwater and aquifers and human activities. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on samples taken from several wells spread over the entire Tebessa plain (Merdja) allowed us to detect two axes that explain 73.4% of the information. The first axis describes the variables related to mineralisation and the second one describes those related to agricultural activity. Multidimensional Positioning (MDS) confirmed the interaction of physico-chemical parameters between them and their influence on groundwater quality by highlighting three groups of wells according to their physico-chemical characteristics, particularly those containing high concentrations of nitrates. This contamination is mainly the result of spreading the fertilisers and wastes that are dumped into the plain without treatment. Salinization is the result of long-term interactions between groundwater and geological formations.

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McCormack, T., O. Naughton, P. M. Johnston, and L. W. Gill. "Quantifying the influence of surface water–groundwater interaction on nutrient flux in a lowland karst catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 5 (June 1, 2016): 2119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2119-2016.

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Abstract. Nutrient contamination of surface waters and groundwaters is an issue of growing importance as the risks associated with agricultural run-off escalate due to increasing demands on global food production. In this study, the influence of surface water–groundwater interaction on the nutrient flux in a lowland karst catchment was investigated with the aid of alkalinity sampling and a hydrological model. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of ephemeral karst lakes (turloughs) on the surface water–groundwater nutrient flux, and whether these lakes act as sources or sinks of nutrients within the groundwater flow system. Water samples were tested from a variety of rivers, turloughs, boreholes and springs at monthly intervals over 3 years. Alkalinity sampling was used to elucidate the contrasting hydrological functioning between different turloughs. Such disparate hydrological functioning was further investigated with the aid of a hydrological model which allowed for an estimate of allogenically and autogenically derived nutrient loading into the karst system. The model also allowed for an investigation of mixing within the turloughs, comparing observed behaviours with the hypothetical conservative behaviour allowed for by the model. Within the turloughs, recorded nutrient concentrations were found to reduce over the flooded period, even though the turloughs hydrological functioning (and the hydrological model) suggested this would not occur under conservative conditions. As such, it was determined that nutrient loss processes were occurring within the system. Denitrification during stable flooded periods (typically 3–4 months per year) was deemed to be the main process reducing nitrogen concentrations within the turloughs, whereas phosphorus loss is thought to occur mostly via sedimentation and subsequent soil deposition. The results from this study suggest that, in stable conditions, ephemeral lakes can impart considerable nutrient losses on a karst groundwater system.

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42

Lee, Hyeonju, Min-Ho Koo, Byong Wook Cho, Yong Hwa Oh, Yongje Kim, Soo Young Cho, Jung-Yun Lee, Yongcheol Kim, and Dong-Hun Kim. "Effects of Baekje Weir Operation on the Stream–Aquifer Interaction in the Geum River Basin, South Korea." Water 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112984.

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Hydraulic structures have a significant impact on riverine environment, leading to changes in stream–aquifer interactions. In South Korea, 16 weirs were constructed in four major rivers, in 2012, to secure sufficient water resources, and some weirs operated periodically for natural ecosystem recovery from 2017. The changed groundwater flow system due to weir operation affected the groundwater level and quality, which also affected groundwater use. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the groundwater flow system near the Geum River during the Baekje weir operation using Visual MODFLOW Classic. Groundwater data from 34 observational wells were evaluated to analyze the impact of weir operation on stream–aquifer interactions. Accordingly, the groundwater discharge rates increased from 0.23 to 0.45 cm/day following the decrease in river levels owing to weir opening, while the hydrological condition changed from gaining to losing streams following weir closure. The variation in groundwater flow affected the groundwater quality during weir operation, changing the groundwater temperature and electrical conductivity (EC). Our results suggest that stream–aquifer interactions are significantly affected by weir operation, consequently, these repeated phenomena could influence the groundwater quality and groundwater use.

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43

Li, Xiaomeng, Baizhong Yan, Yuqing Wang, Xinzhou Wang, Yao Li, and Junbai Gai. "Study of the Interaction between Yellow River Water and Groundwater in Henan Province, China." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 8301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148301.

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Determining the interaction between surface water and groundwater is crucial for the protection of groundwater resources. Based on the data of natural geography, geological and hydrogeological conditions, environmental isotopes, and groundwater hydrochemical components, we investigated the interaction between Yellow River water and groundwater in Henan Province, China. The recharge range and interaction amount of the groundwater aquifer from the Yellow River lateral seepage were also analysed, and the influence of the lateral seepage of the Yellow River on groundwater hydrochemical type was studied. The results showed that, firstly the transverse seepage range of the north bank of the Yellow River was larger (approximately 20 km) than that of the south bank (approximately 10 km). The main groundwater recharge sources were atmospheric precipitation and the Yellow River, of which the latter accounted for 50.1%. Secondly, in Sections 1–4, the lateral seepage amounts in the north bank were 1476.94, 505.89, 40.88, and 65.7 m3/a·m, respectively. The single-width permeability of typical Section 2 was larger upstream than downstream and larger in the north than in the south. Thirdly, the lateral seepage of the Yellow River significantly influenced the hydrochemical types of groundwater. From upstream to downstream and from proximal to distal location from the Yellow River, the hydrochemical types changed from single to complex and the salinity increased gradually. Fourthly, the annual average lateral seepage groundwater recharge quantity of the Yellow River was 25,114.36 × 104 m3/a between 2001–2019.

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MATSUMOTO, Masataka, Yoshinari HIROSHIRO, Kenji JINNO, and Atsushi TSUTSUMI. "Groundwater - Surface Water Interaction Analysis Using a Groundwater Flow Model and Radioactive Isotopes." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES 22, no. 4 (2009): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3178/jjshwr.22.286.

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45

Lin, Jingjing, Rui Ma, Yalu Hu, Ziyong Sun, Yanxin Wang, and Colin P. R. McCarter. "Groundwater sustainability and groundwater/surface-water interaction in arid Dunhuang Basin, northwest China." Hydrogeology Journal 26, no. 5 (March 1, 2018): 1559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1743-0.

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46

Mondal, N. C., V. P. Singh, V. S. Singh, and V. K. Saxena. "Determining the interaction between groundwater and saline water through groundwater major ions chemistry." Journal of Hydrology 388, no. 1-2 (June 2010): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.04.032.

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47

Qian, Yong, Qinxuan Hou, Chunxiao Wang, Shijun Zhen, Chen Yue, Xiangxiang Cui, and Chunyan Guo. "Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality in Phreatic and Confined Aquifers of the Hebei Plain, China." Water 15, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173071.

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This study aims to investigate hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Hebei Plain and to discuss factors controlling the groundwater quality. A total of 54 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 31 hydrogeochemical parameters, and a fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method was used for assessing groundwater quality. Results show groundwater total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions excluding K+ in phreatic aquifers higher than that in confined aquifers. From the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, phreatic aquifers towards the reducing environment, and the enhancement of water–rock interaction, ion exchange process, and evaporation probably resulted in the increase in groundwater TDS, major ions (excluding HCO3− and SO42−), B, and Mn concentrations. Moreover, phreatic groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by rock weathering changing into evaporite dissolution and seawater intrusion from the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, according to the Gibbs diagram. The proportion of drinkable groundwater in confined aquifers was 1.6 times that in phreatic aquifers. In phreatic aquifers, the proportion of drinkable groundwater in the Piedmont plain was as high as 68%, but none of the drinkable groundwater occurred in the central and littoral plains. Groundwater quality in phreatic aquifers was mainly controlled by five factors, including the water–rock interaction, the marine geogenic sources, the agricultural pollution, the acidification, and the reductive environment. By contrast, groundwater quality in confined aquifers was mainly controlled by three factors, including the water–rock interaction and redox processes, agricultural pollution, and the input of external water. Therefore, in the Hebei Plain, groundwater in confined aquifers is more suitable for drinking purposes than in phreatic aquifers. Additionally, phreatic groundwater in the Piedmont plain should be protected.

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Kumar, Ajay, R. M. Tripathi, Sabyasachi Rout, Manish K. Mishra, P. M. Ravi, and A. K. Ghosh. "Characterization of groundwater composition in Punjab state with special emphasis on uranium content, speciation and mobility." Radiochimica Acta 102, no. 3 (February 10, 2014): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2014-2109.

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Abstract Groundwaters (borewell and handpump) were sampled from two districts (Bathinda and Mansa) of Punjab state and analyzed for their major ionic concentrations and uranium isotope compositions in order to assess the possible origins of the waters and water–rock interactions that occurred in the deep aquifer system. The major ionic concentrations of waters were plotted on a Piper diagram and grouped into four dominant hydrochemical facies as (Na+K)-SO4+Cl type (69% – 73%), (Ca+Mg)-SO4+Cl type (6% – 21%), (Ca+Mg)–HCO3 type (4% – 6%) and (Na+K)-HCO3 type (2% – 19%). It was observed that mobility of uranium in groundwater was very much influenced by TDS (total dissolved solids). To investigate the various mechanisms for deriving the elevated uranium concentrations in groundwater, 234U/238U activity ratios (ARs) were calculated using the determined activity levels of 234U and 238U. The mean ARs was found to be near unity (i.e. secular equilibrium) in the study regions confirmed that uranium in groundwaters was mainly resulted from its host/parent rocks through weathering processes. The concentration of HCO3 − in ground water showed one order of magnitude higher than the total dissolved SiO2 indicates that carbonate weathering was the dominant process due to major water–rock interaction. The uranium speciation in groundwaters was investigated by an equilibrium model calculation using MEDUSA (make equilibrium diagrams using sophisticated algorithms) under the influence of redox conditions and complexant concentration. At the observed range of pH values, the predominant redox speciation of uranium was observed as hydroxo-carbonato complexes of (UO2)2(CO3)(OH)3 − and hydroxyl complexes of UO2(OH)3 − which might be caused for increasing the solubility of uranium. Due to very low concentration of phosphate in groundwater, its effects on U(VI)-aqueous speciation was negligible.

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Zhang, Shu Mi, and Qing Gao. "The Study on Thermal Interaction of the Underground Water Source Heat Pump’s Different Pumping/Injecting Well Groups’ Arranged Modes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.212.

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The coupled model of groundwater flow and temperature is established, the thermal interaction of different pumping/injecting well groups arranged modes is simulated and analyzed, and the changing trend of groundwater temperature is predicted, which is to propose reasonable arranged wells programs. The thermal interaction of groundwater is compared and analyzed according to different arranged wells scheme, the pumping/injecting wells distance affect the thermal interaction significantly, the similar wells distance didnt affect significantly. The more number of pumping/injecting wells the thermal interaction is weaker, in order to delay the time of heat through, solve the problem of poor water recharge, we should increase appropriately the injecting wells number under keeping the pumping wells number constant.

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Pujiindiyati, Evarista Ristin, and Bungkus Pratikno. "Environmental Isotope of Radon-222 for Ciliwung River and Shallow Deep Water Interaction Study." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 21, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v21i2.11940.

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Aquifer in river bank area is mostly susceptive toward pollution occurring in river. One of parameters to determine the interaction process between groundwater and river is a natural isotope of 222Rn. The significant difference of radon concentration in groundwater and river water can be utilized as a scientific basis for investigating groundwater infiltration in river bank. Those studied parameters are residence time and infiltration rate. The research using 222Rn had been conducted in shallow groundwater of Ciliwung river bank - South Jakarta during rainy and dry season. The range of 222Rn concentration in shallow groundwater monitored in dry season was between 666 - 2590 Bq/m3 which was higher than that of rainy season ranging at 440 to 1546 Bq/m3. Otherwise, concentration of 222Rn in river water could not be detected (its 222Rn concentration = 0 Bq/m3) due to its much lower concentration either rainy or dry season. During dry season monitoring, equilibration between groundwater and river water was reached at the distance approximately 98 - 140 m away from river side. Estimating residence time based on 222Rn concentration at nearest site from the river and at equlibration area was 4.2 days such that the infiltration rate from river water into aquifer might be 7.8 m/day.Keywords: 222Rn, groundwater, residence time, infiltration rate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Groundwater Interaction'

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