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Academic literature on the topic 'Groundwater ecosystems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Groundwater ecosystems"

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SAITO, Mitsuyo, Jun YASUMOTO, and Ayumi SUGIYAMA. "Groundwater and ecosystems." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 62, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 525–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh.62.525.

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Springer, Abraham E. "Groundwater and Ecosystems." Groundwater 52, no. 2 (January 22, 2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12163.

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MacKay, Heather. "Protection and management of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: emerging challenges and potential approaches for policy and management." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 2 (2006): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05047.

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The protection of ecosystems associated with groundwater, and thus potentially vulnerable to groundwater exploitation, is only now being recognised as an important aspect of water management. Although there has been a gradual increase in scientific understanding of the links between groundwater availability and ecosystem health, a significant challenge remains in the development and implementation of policy that adequately addresses the protection of groundwater-dependent ecosystems. There is no single right way to solve the problem of protecting groundwater-dependent ecosystems, while still allowing the use of groundwater to support social and economic development, poverty alleviation and improved food and water security. This paper provides a global perspective in examining the potential impacts of the lack of policy, or poor implementation of policy, related to groundwater-dependent ecosystems, and discusses emerging approaches in this field. The following two important factors are considered in the paper: first, the difficulty of managing typically local- and regional-scale problems associated with groundwater exploitation, by using national-scale policy interventions and regulation; second, the need to shorten the cycle from science to policy and regulation, and thence to management activities on the ground, in order to encourage policy shifts in the short to medium term that better reflect the available scientific knowledge of groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
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Tomlinson, Moya, and Andrew J. Boulton. "Ecology and management of subsurface groundwater dependent ecosystems in Australia - a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 8 (2010): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09267.

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As demand for consumptive use of groundwater escalates, the need for careful management becomes more pressing. Water reforms in Australia require explicit recognition of environmental needs in water resource plans, but subsurface groundwater dependent ecosystems (SGDEs) are rarely provided for. The ecological values of these sequestered ecosystems are not well documented and are readily overlooked. We review the biodiversity, ecological processes and ecosystem services of Australian SGDEs and highlight the ecological relevance of their connectivity with other ecosystems. A lack of attention to SGDEs in groundwater plans risks inadequate provision for environmental water requirements with probable impacts on ecological values, water quality and ecosystem goods and services in SGDEs and connected ecosystems. We suggest an ecohydrogeological approach to understanding the implications of anthropogenic disturbance on SGDEs based on their connectivity to other ecosystems and aquifer permeability. As well as a template for comparative research on the biogeochemistry and ecology of SGDEs in Australia and overseas, this conceptual tool has potential application in conservation planning, water resource assessment and environmental impact assessment.
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Eamus, D., S. Zolfaghar, R. Villalobos-Vega, J. Cleverly, and A. Huete. "Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights, new techniques and an ecosystem-scale threshold response." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 5 (May 4, 2015): 4677–754. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-4677-2015.

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Abstract. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are at risk globally due to unsustainable levels of groundwater extraction, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this review, we examine recent developments in the ecohydrology of GDEs with a focus on three knowledge gaps: (1) how do we locate GDEs, (2) how much water is transpired from shallow aquifers by GDEs; and (3) what are the responses of GDEs to excessive groundwater extraction? The answers to these questions will determine water allocations that are required to sustain functioning of GDEs and to guide regulations on groundwater extraction to avoid negative impacts on GDEs. We discuss three methods for identifying GDEs: (1) fluctuations in depth-to-groundwater that are associated with diurnal variations in transpiration, (2) stable isotope analysis of water sources in the transpiration stream; and (3) remote sensing methods. We then discuss several methods for estimating rates of GW use, including direct measurement using sapflux or eddy covariance technologies, estimation of a climate wetness index within a Budyko framework, spatial distribution of ET using remote sensing, groundwater modelling and stable isotopes. Remote sensing methods often rely on direct measurements to calibrate the relationship between vegetation indices and ET. ET from GDEs is also determined using hydrologic models of varying complexity, from the "White method" to fully coupled, variable saturation models. Combinations of methods are typically employed to obtain clearer insight into the components of groundwater discharge in GDEs, such as the proportional importance of transpiration vs. evaporation (e.g., using stable isotopes) or from groundwater vs. rainwater sources. Groundwater extraction can have severe consequences on structure and function of GDEs. In the most extreme cases, phreatophytes experience crown dieback and death following groundwater drawdown. We provide a brief review of two case studies of the impacts of GW extraction and discuss the use of C isotope ratios in xylem to reveal past influences of GW extraction. We conclude with a discussion of a depth-to-groundwater threshold in mesic and semi-arid GDEs. Across this threshold, significant changes occur in ecosystem structure and function.
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C. Nevill, Jon, Peter J. Hancock, Brad R. Murray, Winston F. Ponder, William F. Humphreys, Megan L. Phillips, and Philip K. Groom. "Groundwater-dependent ecosystems and the dangers of groundwater overdraft: a review and an Australian perspective." Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 3 (2010): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100187.

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In many parts of the world, access to groundwater is needed for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses, and global groundwater exploitation continues to increase. The significance of groundwater in maintaining the health of rivers, streams, wetlands and associated vegetation is often underestimated or ignored, resulting in a lack of scrutiny of groundwater policy and management. It is essential that management of groundwater resources considers the needs of natural ecosystems, including subterranean. We review the limited Australian literature on the ecological impacts of groundwater overdraft and place Australian information within an international context, focusing on lentic, lotic, stygobitic and hyporheic communities as well as riparian and phreatophytic vegetation, and some coastal marine ecosystems. Groundwater overdraft, defined as abstracting groundwater at a rate which prejudices ecosystem or anthropocentric values, can substantially impact natural communities which depend, exclusively or seasonally, on groundwater. Overdraft damage is often underestimated, is sometimes irreversible, and may occur over time scales at variance to those used by water management agencies in modelling, planning and regulation. Given the dangers of groundwater overdraft, we discuss policy implications in the light of the precautionary principle, and make recommendations aimed at promoting the conservation of groundwater-dependent ecosystems within a sustainable use context.
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O'Grady, A. P., J. L. Carter, and J. Bruce. "Can we predict groundwater discharge from terrestrial ecosystems using eco-hydrological principals?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2011): 8231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-8231-2011.

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Abstract. There is increasing recognition of the role that groundwater plays in the maintenance of ecosystem structure and function. As a result, water resources planners need to develop an understanding of the water requirements for these ecosystems. However, their capacity to do this is constrained by a lack of empirical information on groundwater discharge from terrestrial systems. In this study we reviewed estimates of groundwater discharge from around Australia focussing particularly on terrestrial groundwater discharge. The review examined detailed water balance studies where discharge has been identified as a component of evapotranspiration and we have explored this data set for empirical relationships that could be used to aid in predicting groundwater discharge in data poor areas. In general, terrestrial groundwater systems discharging groundwater lie above the theoretical water limit line as defined by the Budyko framework. However, when climate wetness was recalculated to include groundwater discharge there was remarkable convergence of these sites along the water limit line. Similarly, the leaf area index of ecosystems with access to groundwater had higher LAI than those without access to groundwater, for a given climatic regime. However, when discharge was included in the calculation of climate wetness index there was again strong convergence between the two systems, providing support for ecological optimality frameworks that maximize LAI under given water availability regimes. The simplicity and utility of these simple ecohydrological insights potentially provide a valuable tool for predicting groundwater discharge from terrestrial ecosystems.
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GRIEBLER, C., and T. LUEDERS. "Microbial biodiversity in groundwater ecosystems." Freshwater Biology 54, no. 4 (April 2009): 649–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02013.x.

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Murray, Brad R., Grant C. Hose, Derek Eamus, and Damian Licari. "Valuation of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: a functional methodology incorporating ecosystem services." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 2 (2006): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05018.

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Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are ecosystems that must have access to groundwater to maintain their ecological structure and function. Rapidly expanding numbers of humans are placing increased demands on groundwater for consumption, industry and agriculture. These demands alter groundwater regimes of GDEs that have evolved over millennia, resulting in the degradation of ecosystem health. As a consequence, the goods and services (ecosystem services) that GDEs provide for humans, which include food production and water purification, are at serious risk of being lost. Effective management of GDEs and their ecosystem services requires prioritisation of the most valuable ecosystems, given that increasing human demands and limited time and money preclude complete protection of all GDEs. Here, we provide an eight-step method for the valuation and initial prioritisation of GDEs. The proposed methodology improves on previous, primarily subjective methods for the valuation of GDEs by employing both economic valuation of the ecosystem services provided by GDEs, and ecological valuation of significant environmental attributes of GDEs. We apply the eight-step method to a hypothetical case study in order to demonstrate its applicability to a catchment containing a range of GDEs of different sizes, each possessing its own suite of threatened taxa. The major benefit of the valuation methodology presented here is that it can be used at three levels of complexity: (1) a full-desktop study, (2) a semi-desktop study requiring stakeholder consultation, and (3) a full field-based study, according to the time and money available for initial prioritisation efforts.
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ESTEBAN, ENCARNA, and ARIEL DINAR. "THE ROLE OF GROUNDWATER-DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS IN GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT." Natural Resource Modeling 29, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 98–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12082.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Groundwater ecosystems"

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Kellermann, Claudia. "Autotrophy in Groundwater Ecosystems." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-104813.

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Giusti, Andrea. "Impact of climate changes on groundwater levels and dependent ecosystems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Groundwater is naturally present below the ground level and is a fundamental resource which supports the activity of the surface-level ecosystems. In the semiarid region of Portugal the vegetation ecosystems have been adapted by developing root systems which enable them to access deep soil water to cope with recurring droughts. As a result of environmental changes linked to climate change, water availability in the soil is expected to decrease as consequence of temperature increment and decline in precipitation. These changes will cause a drop in the aquifer recharge and phreatic level with possible impacts on the groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Within this framework, the objective of the project is to estimate the impacts of climatic changes on the groundwater system present in the study area, which is characterized from the geotechnical, meteorological and hydrogeological points of view. To address the problem, a numerical model of the portion between ground level and the water table, referred to as the “vadose zone”, is obtained. The model acts as an investigation tool to estimate the ecosystem water balance and the water table fluctuations for different scenarios. A present scenario is modelled to understand the processes taking place in a soil vertical profile and the effects of vegetation and water table position on water dynamics. Model calibration is done using experimental data from tests performed on collected soil samples to find soil hydraulic properties, then adjusted using in-situ data. The model is used to simulate future conditions in a climate change scenario and to evaluate their impact on the overall water balance, making predictions about the evolution of the groundwater position. The results show a high dependency of the ecosystem on the soil water availability, meaning that significant impacts are expected in a climate change scenario. In this case, the model predicts a general decrease in water table level, of up to 8 m by year 2100.
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Isokangas, E. (Elina). "Quantifying the groundwater dependence of boreal ecosystems using environmental tracers." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220376.

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Abstract Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are aquatic or terrestrial ecosystems that rely directly or indirectly on groundwater (GW). Recent European and Finnish legislation requires better consideration of these systems in GW management. The main aim of this thesis was to develop new methods for GDE classification and management, by testing environmental tracer methods in different environments. New information about GW-surface water interactions was obtained and novel methods for GDE classification and management were developed for lakes, peatlands, streams, and springs. Stable water isotopes proved to be an efficient tool for determining the GW dependence of lakes. An iterative isotope mass balance method was applied for 67 lakes situated in the Rokua esker aquifer area. Stable water isotopes also showed potential in determining the GW dependence of a peatland surface horizon. A study conducted in peatlands adjacent to Viinivaara esker aquifer indicated that the GW dependence of peatlands can vary significantly and that GW-dependent areas can extend outside current GW protection areas. Thermal images proved useful in pinpointing clear GW seepage locations in peatlands. For streams, a novel stream tracer index method was developed to evaluate GW dependence based on GW volume in streams, thermal properties of streams, and stream water quality. The method was tested in three streams discharging from Viinivaara and Rokua aquifers and was found to efficiently capture spatial variations in GW dependence. In Oulanka region, hydrological and chemical characterization and statistical methods were used to classify springs into different types. Spring altitude and δ2H value were identified as useful proxies for spring water chemistry. The methods developed in this thesis can be helpful when classifying and studying GDEs and applying environmental tracer methods in various environments. Knowing the GW dependence of an ecosystem, the impacts of possible GW table decline caused by e.g., GW abstraction, drainage, and/or climate change can be evaluated. For large-scale applications, GDE classification methods have to be practical, effective, and low-cost. Combined use of stable water isotopes and other tracers can be especially effective for characterizing ecosystem hydrology on different temporal and spatial scales
Tiivistelmä Pohjavedestä riippuvat ekosysteemit (GDE) ovat vesi- tai maaekosysteemejä, jotka ovat suoraan tai epäsuorasti riippuvaisia pohjavedestä. Euroopan Unionin ja Suomen lainsäädännön mukaan pohjavesien hallinnassa tulisi ottaa paremmin huomioon GDEt. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli kehittää uusia menetelmiä näiden ekosysteemien luokitteluun ja hallintaan. Luonnollisia merkkiainemenetelmiä soveltaen saatiin uutta tietoa pohjavesi-pintavesi vuorovaikutuksesta ja kehitettiin uusia menetelmiä GDE-luokitteluun järville, soille, puroille ja lähteille. Veden stabiilit isotoopit osoittautuivat tehokkaaksi työkaluksi järvien pohjavesiriippuvuuden määrittämisessä. Iteratiivista isotooppimassatase-menetelmää käytettiin 67 Rokuan järven pohjavesiriippuvuuden selvittämiseen. Veden stabiileilla isotoopeilla pystyttiin myös määrittämään suon pinnan pohjavesiriippuvuus. Viinivaaran harjun viereisen suoalueen tutkimus näytti, että suon pohjavesiriippuvuus voi vaihdella merkittävästi ja pohjavedestä riippuvia alueita löytyy myös nykyisten pohjavesirajojen ulkopuolelta. Lisäksi soilla havaittiin selkeitä pohjavedenpurkupaikkoja lämpökamerakuvauksen avulla. Puroille kehitettiin uusi menetelmä, jolla niiden pohjavesiriippuvuutta voidaan arvioida perustuen pohjaveden määrään puroissa, puroveden lämpötilaominaisuuksiin ja puroveden laatuun. Menetelmää testattiin Viinivaaran ja Rokuan harjuista purkautuville puroille ja sillä havaittiin pohjavesiriippuvuuden vaihtelevan purojen eri osissa. Oulangan lähteitä luokiteltiin eri tyyppeihin hydrologisen ja kemiallisen karakterisoinnin ja tilastollisten menetelmien avulla. Lähteiden altitudin ja δ2H-arvon havaittiin ennustavan lähdeveden kemiallista koostumusta. Tässä tutkimuksessa kehitetyt menetelmät voivat olla hyödyllisiä GDE-luokittelussa, eri ekosysteemien tutkimisessa ja luonnollisten merkkiainemenetelmien soveltamisessa eri ympäristöissä. Kun ekosysteemin pohjavesiriippuvuus tiedetään, voidaan arvioida pohjavedenotosta, ojituksesta ja/tai ilmaston muutoksesta mahdollisesti aiheutuvan pohjavedenpinnan laskun vaikutuksia. Suuressa mittakaavassa, GDE-luokittelumenetelmien tulee olla käytännöllisiä, tehokkaita ja halpoja. Veden stabiilien isotooppien ja muiden merkkiaineiden yhdistetty käyttö vaikuttaa olevan tähän erityisen tehokas työkalu, jolla voidaan ymmärtää ekosysteemien hydrologiaa eri temporaalisissa ja spatiaalisissa mittakaavoissa
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Rossi, P. M. (Pekka M. ). "Integrated management of groundwater and dependent ecosystems in a Finnish esker." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204789.

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Abstract Groundwater, a key part of the hydrological cycle, is under increasing pressure from different land uses and changing climate. However, less attention has been paid to integrated groundwater management than surface waters. This thesis combined hydrological and socio-economic research for the case study of the Rokua esker aquifer in order to update current concepts of groundwater management. The Rokua area contains groundwater-dependent lakes and a periodic water level decline has raised concerns about the future of these lakes. Peatland drainage in the vicinity of the aquifer has been accused of changing the aquifer conditions. Groundwater discharge from the esker aquifer to drained peatland was studied to identify relevant hydrological processes for groundwater-surface water interactions. The results revealed a connection between the aquifer and the peatland whereby groundwater can enter the ditches through seepage or preferential flow. Modeling was used to determine critical factors in the management of the esker aquifer-peatland system. The results showed that climate and land use can affect esker groundwater, while peatland drainage in the vicinity can have similar impacts to groundwater abstraction and drought. Peatland restoration by filling in drainage ditches could possibly restore the aquifer groundwater levels. However, for the Rokua aquifer, which will possibly experience less severe dry periods in the future, extensive drainage restoration is currently too major, uncertain, and expensive a measure relative to the expected benefits. Multi-criteria decision analysis was used to identify ways of facilitating stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management. The results obtained with this participatory process confirmed that it can foster learning on complicated groundwater issues and collaboration in a process encompassing disputes and diverse interests. The decision analysis process led to the initiation of dialogue on more integrated management, where the preferences of all stakeholders were discussed and taken into account. Overall, this thesis shows how different aspects of aquifer management, such as land use, climate, ecological and economic values, and stakeholder preferences, can all be taken into account using a combined method which reduces the mistrust between opposing interests through research and information, resulting in more robust future planning
Tiivistelmä Pohjaveteen, hydrologisen kierron avainosaan, kohdistuu kasvavia paineita eri maankäytön muodoista ja ilmastonmuutoksesta. Pohjaveden hallintaan ei kuitenkaan ole kiinnitetty tarvittavaa huomiota. Tässä väitöstyössä yhdistettiin hydrologista ja sosioekonomista tutkimusta Rokuan harjualueella pohjaveden hallintakonseptin päivittämiseksi. Rokuan alueella on useita pohjavedestä riippuvaisia järviä, joiden vedenpinta on kausittain laskenut voimakkaasti. Pintojen lasku on kasvattanut paikallisten huolta järvien tilasta. Harjua ympäröivät metsäojitetut turvemaat, ja ojituksia on syytetty pohjaveden tilan ja sitä kautta myös järvien tilan heikkenemisestä. Työn ensimmäisessä osassa tutkittiin pohjaveden hydrologisia purkautumisprosesseja harjun pohjavesiesiintymästä ojitetulle suoalueelle. Tulokset osoittivat hydraulisen yhteyden akviferin ja turvemaan välillä: pohjavesi pääsi purkautumaan metsäojiin joko suotautumalla tai turpeen kaksoishuokoisuusrakenteiden kautta. Seuraavassa vaiheessa työtä pohjavesimallinnusta käytettiin määrittämään kriittisiä pohjaveden tilaan vaikuttavia tekijöitä pohjavesi-turvemaa-systeemissä. Mallinnustulosten perusteella niin ilmasto kuin maankäyttökin vaikuttavat kumpikin suoraan pohjaveden pinnankorkeuden tilaan. Turvemaiden ojituksilla pohjavesialueella voi olla samoja vaikutuksia pohjaveden pinnankorkeuden tasoihin kuin pohjaveden otolla tai kuivilla kausilla. Turvemaiden ennallistaminen ojia täyttämällä voi osittain palauttaa vedenpinnan tasoja pohjavesialueella. Rokuan harjualueen tapauksessa suuren mittakaavan oja-alueiden ennallistaminen todettiin kuitenkin liian epävarmaksi ja kalliiksi toimenpiteeksi hyötyihin nähden, varsinkin jos kuivien kausien vaikutus suurilla harjualueilla heikkenee tulevaisuudessa sademäärien kasvun myötä. Työn kolmannessa osassa käytettiin monitavoitearviointia eri sidosryhmien osallistamiseen ja oppimiseen pohjavesien hallinnassa. Osallistavasta prosessista saadut tulokset vahvistivat, että menetelmää voidaan käyttää oppimisen edesauttamiseen vaikeissa pohjavesiasioissa sekä yhteistyön muodostamiseen ristiriitaisessa ja monimutkaisessa tapauksessa. Monitavoitearvioinnin prosessi johti keskustelun avaukseen yhtenäisemmän suunnittelun puolesta, joka ottaa huomioon eri sidosryhmien näkökulmat ja tuo ne osaksi keskustelua. Tämä väitöstyö osoitti miten eri pohjavesialueen hallintaan tarvittavat näkökulmat, kuten maankäyttö, ilmasto, ekologiset ja ekonomiset arvot, sekä sidosryhmien mielipiteet voidaan kaikki ottaa huomioon yhdistämällä eri metodeja. Näin tutkimuksella ja informoinnilla vähennetään epäluottamusta eri intressitahojen välillä ja luodaan pohja vakaammalle pohjavesialueiden tulevaisuuden suunnittelulle
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Roets, Wietsche. "Groundwater Dependence of Aquatic Ecosystems associated with the Table Mountain Group Aquifer." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3210_1263507816.

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Results from this study enables a better understanding of groundwater surface water interactions in the TMG, particularly regarding aquatic ecosystems. It has also highlighted the necessity to do proper impact assessments before proceeding with bulk abstraction from this important aquifer. The results also demonstrated the importance of differentiating between real groundwater and non-groundwater discharge contributions to surface hydrology and where these interface areas are located.

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Hernández, del Amo Elena. "Origin and fate of nitrite in model ecosystems: case studies in groundwater and constructed wetlands." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668664.

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Nitrogen pollution in water is common in our environment, especially in places affected by agriculture and livestock, industry or wastewater discharge areas. Ammonium and nitrate are the most common pollutants and can be removed primarily by microorganisms. This removal is carried out by a series of microorganisms that live in these environments as communities, the study of which is essential to evaluate the efficiency of the N removal from water. In this thesis, a variety of methods have been used to study these microorganisms accurately in two types of highly sensitive environments for pollution, wetlands and groundwater.
La contaminació de l’aigua per excés de nitrogen és habitual en el nostre entorn, especialment en llocs impactats per l’agricultura i la ramaderia, zones de descàrrega d’aigües residuals, o com a resultat de l’activitat industrial. L’amoni i el nitrat són els contaminants més freqüents i poden ser eliminats principalment pels microorganismes. Aquesta eliminació la duen a terme diferents microorganismes que habiten en aquests ambients en forma de comunitats, l’estudi de les quals és cabdal per a valorar l’eficiència de l’eliminació del N de l’aigua. En aquesta tesi es desenvolupen mètodes per a fer un estudi acurat d’aquests microorganismes en dos tipus d’ambients altament sensibles a la contaminació, els aiguamolls i l’aigua freàtica.
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Sigonyela, Vuyolwethu. "Towards understanding the groundwater dependent ecosystems within the Table Mountain Group Aquifer: a conceptual approach." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9454_1183462560.

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Understanding of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) and their extent within the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer is poor. To understand the dependence to basic ecological and hydrogeological concepts need explanation. The use of current literature aided in identification and classification. From the literature it has come clear that groundwater dependence centers around two issues, water source and water use determination. The use of Geographical Information System (GIS) showed its potential in proof of water sources. Rainfall data and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Uniondale area have been used to do watershed delineation, which is in line with locating GDEs on a landscape. Thus the conceptual approach should be a broad one that sets a basis for both investigation (scientific research) and institutional arrangements (management).

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Lehosmaa, K. (Kaisa). "Anthropogenic impacts and restoration of boreal spring ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218533.

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Abstract Human activities have increasingly altered freshwater ecosystems. Land use is a major driver of habitat loss and land use-related input of nutrients and other pollutants from agriculture, forestry and urbanization have deteriorated water quality. Freshwater research has mainly focused on lakes and streams while the effects of anthropogenic stressors on groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are poorly known. Likewise, the effectiveness of ecological restoration in mitigating human disturbance in GDEs remains understudied. In this thesis, I studied the effects of two main anthropogenic stressors – land drainage and groundwater contamination – on boreal spring ecosystems and evaluated the recovery of spring biodiversity and ecosystem functioning after habitat restoration. I applied several structural (macroinvertebrates, bryophytes, leaf-decomposing fungi and groundwater bacteria) and functional (organic matter decomposition and primary productivity) measures to provide a comprehensive insight into these issues. Both stressors modified spring ecosystems. Land drainage reduced the key ecosystem processes. Long-term monitoring of drainage-impacted springs showed a marked biodiversity loss and change of spring-dwelling bryophytes, and no signs of recovery were observed after about 20 years since the intial land drainage. Groundwater contamination, indicated by elevated nitrate and chloride concentrations, altered the structure of spring biota, reduced their taxonomic diversity and suppressed primary productivity in the most severely contaminated springs. Spring restoration improved habitat quality by reducing drainage-induced inflow of surface water, thus re-establishing groundwater-dominated hydrological conditions. Restoration increased abundance of habitat-specialist bryophytes and shifted macroinvertebrate composition towards natural conditions, despite the restoration actions being fairly recent. Anthropogenic activities can thus cause severe structural and functional degradation of spring ecosystems, and their self-recovery potential from these stressors seems low. Habitat restoration bears great promise as a cost-effective approach to mitigate drainage-induced impacts on spring ecosystems, but protection and co-management of groundwater resources are urgently needed to secure the role of springs as biodiversity hotspots in the boreal forest landscape
Tiivistelmä Ihmistoiminta muuttaa yhä enemmän vesiekosysteemejä. Maankäyttö on johtanut elinympäristöjen häviämiseen, ja siihen liittyvä ravinne- ja haitta-ainekuormitus maa- ja metsätaloudesta sekä kaupunkiympäristöistä on merkittävästi huonontanut veden laatua johtaen maailmanlaajuiseen vesiluonnon monimuotoisuuden heikentymiseen. Vesiekosysteemien tutkimus on keskittynyt pääasiassa järvi- ja jokiympäristöihin, kun ihmistoiminnan vaikutukset pohjavesiriippuvaisiin ekosysteemeihin tunnetaan edelleen huonosti. Samoin kunnostusten merkitys pohjavesiriippuvaisten ekosysteemien tilan parantamiseksi on selvittämättä. Väitöskirjassani tarkastelin kahden keskeisen ihmistoiminnan – metsäojituksen ja pohjaveden laadun heikkenemisen – vaikutuksia lähde-ekosysteemeihin sekä arvioin elinympäristökunnostusten vaikutuksia niiden rakenteeseen ja toimintaan. Sovelsin työssäni rakenteellisia (pohjaeläimet, sammalet, lehtikariketta hajottavat sienet ja pohjavesibakteerit) ja toiminnallisia (eloperäisen aineksen hajoaminen ja perustuotanto) mittareita tuottamaan kattavan käsityksen tutkimuskysymyksiini. Sekä metsäojitukset että pohjaveden laadun heikkeneminen aiheuttavat muutoksia lähteiden rakenteessa ja toiminnassa. Metsäojitukset hidastavat keskeisiä ekosysteemitoimintoja ja johtavat lähdesammallajiston muutokseen ja monimuotoisuuden taantumiseen. Pohjaveden pilaantuminen, jota työssä ilmennettiin kohonneilla nitraatti- ja kloridipitoisuuksilla, heikentää lähdelajiston monimuotoisuutta, muuttaa lajikoostumusta ja johtaa perustuotannon laskuun voimakkaimmin kuormitetuissa lähteissä. Kunnostus parantaa lähde-elinympäristön laatua vähentämällä metsäojien aiheuttamaa pintavesivaikutusta palauttaen pohjavesivaltaisen hydrologisen tilan. Lähdekunnostusten myötä lähdesammaleet runsastuvat ja pohjaeläinyhteisön rakenne palautuu luonnontilaisten lähteiden kaltaiseksi, vaikka kunnostuksista on kulunut vasta muutamia vuosia. Väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, että ihmisen toiminta voi aiheuttaa muutoksia lähde-ekosysteemien rakenteessa ja toiminnassa ja lähteiden luontainen palautuminen häiriöstä on hidasta. Lähde-elinympäristöjen kunnostus vaikuttaa lupaavalta suojelutoimenpiteeltä metsäojitusten vaikutusten vähentämisessä, mutta lähteiden säilyttäminen monimuotoisena ja suojelullisesti arvokkaana luontotyyppinä edellyttää pohjavesivarojen hallinnan ja tilan suojelun tehostamista
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Mendez-Estrella, Romeo, Jose Romo-Leon, Alejandro Castellanos, Fabiola Gandarilla-Aizpuro, and Kyle Hartfield. "Analyzing Landscape Trends on Agriculture, Introduced Exotic Grasslands and Riparian Ecosystems in Arid Regions of Mexico." MDPI AG, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621492.

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Riparian Zones are considered biodiversity and ecosystem services hotspots. In arid environments, these ecosystems represent key habitats, since water availability makes them unique in terms of fauna, flora and ecological processes. Simple yet powerful remote sensing techniques were used to assess how spatial and temporal land cover dynamics, and water depth reflect distribution of key land cover types in riparian areas. Our study area includes the San Miguel and Zanjon rivers in Northwest Mexico. We used a supervised classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to produce thematic classifications (with accuracies higher than 78%) for 1993, 2002 and 2011 using Landsat TM scenes. Our results suggest a decline in agriculture (32.5% area decrease) and cultivated grasslands (21.1% area decrease) from 1993 to 2011 in the study area. We found constant fluctuation between adjacent land cover classes and riparian habitat. We also found that water depth restricts Riparian Vegetation distribution but not agricultural lands or induced grasslands. Using remote sensing combined with spatial analysis, we were able to reach a better understanding of how riparian habitats are being modified in arid environments and how they have changed through time.
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Maier, Nadine [Verfasser]. "A new method for spatio-temporally explicit predictions of groundwater, surface water and habitat interactions in riparian ecosystems / Nadine Maier." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168145619/34.

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Books on the topic "Groundwater ecosystems"

1

Baba, Alper, Ken W. F. Howard, and Orhan Gunduz, eds. Groundwater and Ecosystems. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4738-x.

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Schot, P. P. Solute transport by groundwater flow to wetland ecosystems: The environmental impact of human activities. [Amsterdam]: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1991.

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Effect of climate change on temperate forest ecosystems. Utrecht: Royal Dutch Geographical Society, 2010.

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Service, United States Forest. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: Level I inventory field guide : inventory methods for assessment and planning. Washington, D.C: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2012.

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Service, United States Forest. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: Level II inventory field guide : inventory methods for project design and analysis. Washington, D.C: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2012.

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Ryan, Kevin C. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on soil and water. Fort Collins, Co: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005.

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Lu di sheng tai xi tong shui huan jing guan ce zhi liang bao zheng yu zhi liang kong zhi: Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Long-term Water Environmental Observation in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Beijing: Zhongguo huan jing ke xue chu ban, 2012.

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Pikovskiy, Yuriy, Nariman Ismailov, Marina Dorohova, S. V. Goryachkin, and A. P. Haustov. Fundamentals of oil and gas geoecology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1812652.

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The textbook highlights the basic concepts and provisions of oil and gas geoecology: the impact on the biosphere of oil, hydrocarbon gas, petroleum products and related substances. The first section examines the composition, properties and toxicology of carbonaceous substances and their geochemical satellites, as well as their natural and man-made sources in the biosphere. The second section is devoted to the analysis of oil and gas technogenesis — changes in the atmosphere, soils, vegetation, surface and groundwater and the marine environment that occur under the influence of oil and gas production. The third section discusses the issues of self-restoration and reclamation of soil and aquatic ecosystems contaminated with oil and petroleum products. The fourth section discusses the main methods of environmental protection in the conditions of oil and gas production and processing. The material is based on many years of original research by the authors and data from modern scientific sources and meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions, specialists of environmental organizations of the oil and gas industry, as well as for a wide range of readers.
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Ribeiro, Luis, M. Teresa Condesso de Melo, Jose Paulo Monteiro, Tibor Y. Stigter, and Antonio Chambel. Groundwater and Ecosystems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Groundwater and Ecosystems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Groundwater ecosystems"

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Ishii, Yoshiyuki, Ken Koizumi, Hiroshi Fukami, Koichi Yamamoto, Hidenori Takahashi, Suwido H. Limin, Kitso Kusin, Aswin Usup, and Gatot E. Susilo. "Groundwater in Peatland." In Tropical Peatland Ecosystems, 265–79. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_17.

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Eamus, Derek, Baihua Fu, Abraham E. Springer, and Lawrence E. Stevens. "Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems: Classification, Identification Techniques and Threats." In Integrated Groundwater Management, 313–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_13.

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Kilroy, Garrett, Catherine Coxon, Donal Daly, Áine O'Connor, Fiona Dunne, Paul Johnston, Jim Ryan, Henning Moe, and Matthew Craig. "Monitoring the Environmental Supporting Conditions of Groundwater Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems in Ireland." In Groundwater Monitoring, 245–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470749685.ch16.

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Whiteman, Mark, Bryan Wheeler, Sue Shaw, Tim Lewis, Mark Grout, and Kathryn Tanner. "Use of WETMECs Typology to Aid Understanding of Groundwater-Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems in England and Wales." In Groundwater Monitoring, 259–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470749685.ch17.

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Gavish, Eliezer, Wolfgang E. Krumbein, and Jacob Halevy. "Geomorphology, Mineralogy and Groundwater Geochemistry as Factors of the Hydrodynamic System of the Gavish Sabkha." In Hypersaline Ecosystems, 186–217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70290-7_12.

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Shukla, Jayshree, Shalini Dhyani, Paras Pujari, and Parikshit Verma. "Groundwater-Dependent Vegetation to Address the Loss of Ecosystems Dependent on Groundwater Resources." In Forest Dynamics and Conservation, 263–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0071-6_13.

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Torres, Américo I., Luis F. H. Niencheski, Verena A. Campodonico, Andrea I. Pasquini, Mauricio Faleschini, and Pedro J. Depetris. "Hydrochemical Insight and Groundwater Supply: A Case Study of Patagonia’s Chubut River." In Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems, 205–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75602-4_10.

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Narmada, K., G. Bhaskaran, and K. Gobinath. "Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Amaravathi River Basin, South India." In Environmental Management of River Basin Ecosystems, 549–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13425-3_26.

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Griebler, Christian, Maria Avramov, and Grant Hose. "Groundwater Ecosystems and Their Services: Current Status and Potential Risks." In Atlas of Ecosystem Services, 197–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_31.

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Dornbusch, A. J., B. M. Vining, and J. L. Kearney. "Total Resource Management Plan for Addressing Groundwater Concerns." In Conservation of Great Plains Ecosystems: Current Science, Future Options, 231–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0439-5_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Groundwater ecosystems"

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JAVA, Oskars. "SIGNIFICANCE OF THINNING DEGRADED SWAMPS FOREST STANDS IN SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM`S DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.104.

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In scope of biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem development swamps ecosystem restoration is important, because by eradicating the effect of drainage in swamps, negative impact on adjacent intact or relatively intact raised swamps and hydrological regime of other wetlands is lowered. Tree cutting in degraded swamps forest stands would speed up restoration of ecosystems disturbed hydrological regime. Habitat conservation value in long-term is the same as for habitat 7110* Intact raised swamps, as in case of hydrological regime restoration, within time it will transform into 7110*. Several specially protected plant species can be found only in raised swamps. Tree stand transpiration volume varies depending on air temperature and solar radiation. Since in reality it is impossible to change air temperature or solar radiation in order to increase the groundwater level in a swamp, we can reduce the leaf area index (LAI) which is the most significant value influencing transpiration by cutting down trees. Aim of this paper is to examine how LAI interacts with groundwater level by using system dynamics swamps ecosystem model. Swamps ecosystem model shows correlation between LAI and groundwater level. As a result of this research author observes, that LAI interacts groundwater level and system dynamics modelling could be useful to calculate degraded swamps forest stands thinning intensity through mathematical relationships.
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Klove, Bjorn. "OBSERVING AND MODELLING GROUNDWATER DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS IN COLD CLIMATE." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355639.

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Roy, James W., Greg Bickerton, and John Spoelstra. "GROUNDWATER CHLORIDE EXPOSURE TO URBAN FRESHWATER (ENDO)BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316889.

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Eles, Gabriel Calin. "GROUNDWATER IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON BILDINGS FOUNDATION." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b31/s12.043.

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"Modelling groundwater dependent ecosystems in the Willunga Basin, South Australia." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.l16.hamilton.

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Hoyos, I. C. Perez, N. Krakauer, and R. Khanbilvardi. "Random forest for identification and characterization of groundwater dependent ecosystems." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm150081.

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Sharapov, Ruslan. "THE GENERALIZED STRUCTURE OF THE GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s12.049.

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"Updating the Atlas of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems in response to user demand." In 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.l2.nation.

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Dimitriu, Radu Ionut. "MINERAL GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND HEALTH TOURISM IN THE EASTERN CARPATHIANS (ROMANIA)." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b31/s12.060.

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Ilavsky, Jan. "TECHNOLOGICAL TESTS OF ANTIMONY REMOVAL FROM GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED BY MINING ACTIVITIES." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s12.044.

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Reports on the topic "Groundwater ecosystems"

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Smith, D. Max, Katelyn P. Driscoll, Steven D. Warren, and Deborah M. Finch. Riparian and groundwater-dependent ecosystems of the Bridger-Teton National Forest: An assessment of resources and current conditions. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-407.

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Smith, D. Max, Katelyn P. Driscoll, Steven D. Warren, and Deborah M. Finch. Riparian and groundwater-dependent ecosystems of the Bridger-Teton National Forest: An assessment of resources and current conditions. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-407.

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Brewster, C., C. Robinson, M. J. Hinton, and H. A. J. Russell. A conceptual framework for groundwater/surface-water interactions and identifying potential impacts on water quality, water quantity and ecosystems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299765.

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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Chiricahua National Monument, Coronado National Memorial, and Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Water year 2019. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293370.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in southern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Chiricahua National Monument (NM), Coronado National Memorial (NMem), and Fort Bowie National Historic Site (NHS) during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Overall annual precipitation at Chiricahua NM and Coronado NMem in WY2019 was approximately the same as the normals for 1981–2010. (The weather station at Fort Bowie NHS had missing values on 275 days, so data were not presented for that park.) Fall and winter rains were greater than normal. The monsoon season was generally weaker than normal, but storm events related to Hurricane Lorena led to increased late-season rain in September. Mean monthly maximum temperatures were generally cooler than normal at Chiricahua, whereas mean monthly minimum temperatures were warmer than normal. Temperatures at Coronado were more variable relative to normal. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) indicated that Chiricahua NM was slightly wetter than normal. (The WY2019 RDI could not be calculated for Coronado NMem due to missing data.) The five-year moving mean of annual precipitation showed both park units were experiencing a minor multi-year precipitation deficit relative to the 39-year average. Mean groundwater levels in WY2019 increased at Fort Bowie NHS, and at two of three wells monitored at Chiricahua NM, compared to WY2018. Levels in the third well at Chiricahua slightly decreased. By contrast, water levels declined in five of six wells at Coronado NMem over the same period, with the sixth well showing a slight increase over WY2018. Over the monitoring record (2007–present), groundwater levels at Chiricahua have been fairly stable, with seasonal variability likely caused by transpiration losses and recharge from runoff events in Bonita Creek. At Fort Bowie’s WSW-2, mean groundwater level was also relatively stable from 2004 to 2019, excluding temporary drops due to routine pumping. At Coronado, four of the six wells demonstrated increases (+0.30 to 11.65 ft) in water level compared to the earliest available measurements. Only WSW-2 and Baumkirchner #3 have shown net declines (-17.31 and -3.80 feet, respectively) at that park. Springs were monitored at nine sites in WY2019 (four sites at Chiricahua NM; three at Coronado NMem, and two at Fort Bowie NHS). Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included modifications to flow, such as dams, berms, or spring boxes. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails, scat, or evidence of flooding. Crews observed 0–6 facultative/obligate wetland plant taxa and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed six non-native plant species: common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), rabbitsfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and water chemistry were collected at all nine sites. It is likely that that all nine springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019, though temperature sensors failed at two sites. The seven sites with continuous sensor data had water present for most of the year. Discharge was measured at eight sites and ranged from < 1 L/minute to 16.5 L/minute.
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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Saguaro National Park: Water year 2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288717.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in south-ern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Saguaro National Park (NP) during water year 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Annual rainfall in the Rincon Mountain District was 27.36" (69.49 cm) at the Mica Mountain RAWS station and 12.89" (32.74 cm) at the Desert Research Learning Center Davis station. February was the wettest month, accounting for nearly one-quarter of the annual rainfall at both stations. Each station recorded extreme precipitation events (>1") on three days. Mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperatures were 25.6°F (-3.6°C) and 78.1°F (25.6°C), respectively, at the Mica Mountain station, and 37.7°F (3.2°C) and 102.3°F (39.1°C), respectively, at the Desert Research Learning Center station. Overall temperatures in WY2019 were cooler than the mean for the entire record. The reconnaissance drought index for the Mica Mountain station indicated wetter conditions than average in WY2019. Both of the park’s NOAA COOP stations (one in each district) had large data gaps, partially due to the 35-day federal government shutdown in December and January. For this reason, climate conditions for the Tucson Mountain District are not reported. The mean groundwater level at well WSW-1 in WY2019 was higher than the mean for WY2018. The water level has generally been increasing since 2005, reflecting the continued aquifer recovery since the Central Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project came online, recharging Central Arizona Project water. Water levels at the Red Hills well generally de-clined starting in fall WY2019, continuing through spring. Monsoon storms led to rapid water level increases. Peak water level occurred on September 18. The Madrona Pack Base well water level in WY2019 remained above 10 feet (3.05 m) below measuring point (bmp) in the fall and winter, followed by a steep decline starting in May and continuing until the end of September, when the water level rebounded following a three-day rain event. The high-est water level was recorded on February 15. Median water levels in the wells in the middle reach of Rincon Creek in WY2019 were higher than the medians for WY2018 (+0.18–0.68 ft/0.05–0.21 m), but still generally lower than 6.6 feet (2 m) bgs, the mean depth-to-water required to sustain juvenile cottonwood and willow trees. RC-7 was dry in June–September, and RC-4 was dry in only September. RC-5, RC-6 and Well 633106 did not go dry, and varied approximately 3–4 feet (1 m). Eleven springs were monitored in the Rincon Mountain District in WY2019. Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included spring boxes or other modifications to flow. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails and scat. In addition, several sites exhibited slight disturbance from fires (e.g., burned woody debris and adjacent fire-scarred trees) and evidence of high-flow events. Crews observed 1–7 taxa of facultative/obligate wetland plants and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed four non-native plant species: rose natal grass (Melinis repens), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), crimson fountaingrass (Cenchrus setaceus), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and chemistry were collected at all springs. It is likely that that all springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019. However, temperature sensors to estimate surface water persistence failed...
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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Big Bend National Park: Water year 2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294267.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, streamflow, and water quality is central to assessing the condition of park resources. This report combines data collected on climate, groundwater, and springs at Big Bend National Park (NP) to provide an integrated look at climate and water conditions during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). However, this report does not address the Rio Grande or its tributaries. Annual precipitation was higher than normal (1981–2010) for Big Bend NP at four of the five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Observer Program weather stations: 111% of normal for Chisos Basin, 122% of normal for Panther Junction, 155% of normal for Persimmon Gap, and 124% of normal for Rio Grande Village. Castolon had 88% of normal annual precipitation. All five stations had higher than normal rainfall in October and December, while rainfall totals were substantially below normal at all stations in November, February, and March. Monthly precipitation totals for April through September were more variable from station to station. Mean monthly maximum air temperatures were below normal in the fall months, with Panther Junction as much as 7.5°F below normal in October. Monthly temperatures from January through July were more variable. Temperatures in August and September were warmer than normal at every station, up to +9.4°F at Rio Grande Village and +8.7°F at Chisos Basin in July. The reconnaissance drought index values indicate generally wetter conditions (based on precipitation and evaporative demand) at Chisos Basin since WY2016 and at Panther Junction and Persimmon Gap since WY2015, except for WY2017. This report presents the manual and automatic groundwater monitoring results at nine wells. Five wells had their highest water level in or just before WY2019: Panther Junction #10 peaked at 99.94 ft below ground surface (bgs) in September 2018, Contractor’s Well peaked at 31.43 ft bgs in November 2018, T-3 peaked at 65.39 ft bgs in December 2018, K-Bar #6 Observation Well peaked at 77.78 ft bgs in February 2019, and K-Bar #7 Observation Well peaked at 43.18 ft bgs in February 2019. This was likely in response to above normal rainfall in the later summer and fall 2018. The other monitoring wells did not directly track within-season precipitation. The last measurement at Gallery Well in WY2019 was 18.60 ft bgs. Gallery Well is located 120 feet from the river and closely tracked the Rio Grande stage, generally increasing in late summer or early fall following higher flow events. Water levels in Gambusia Well were consistently very shallow, though the manual well measurement collected in April was 4.25 ft bgs—relatively high for the monitoring record—and occurred outside the normal peak period of later summer and early fall. The last manual measurement taken at TH-10 in WY2019 was 34.80 ft bgs, only 0.45 ft higher than the earliest measurement in 1967, consistent with the lack of directional change in groundwater at this location, and apparently decoupled from within-season precipitation patterns. The last water level reading in WY2019 at Oak Springs #1 was 59.91 ft bgs, indicating an overall decrease of 26.08 ft since the well was dug in 1989. The Southwest Network Collaboration (SWNC) collects data on sentinel springs annually in the late winter and early spring following the network springs monitoring protocol. In WY2019, 18 sentinel site springs were visited at Big Bend NP (February 21, 2019–March 09, 2019). Most springs had relatively few indications of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Natural disturbances included recent flooding, drying, and wildlife use. Anthropogenic disturbances included flow modifications (e.g., springboxes), hiking trails, and contemporary human use. Crews observed one to seven facultative/obligate wetland plant...
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Genereux, David, Christopher Osburn, Steven Oberbauer, Diana Oviedo Vargas, and Diego Dierick. Water-carbon Links in a Tropical Forest: How Interbasin Groundwater Flow Affects Carbon Fluxes and Ecosystem Carbon Budgets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1348200.

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