Journal articles: 'Groundwater ecology'

1

Harper, D. M., Janine Gilbert, Dan L. Danielopol, and Jack A. Stanford. "Groundwater Ecology." Journal of Applied Ecology 33, no. 4 (August 1996): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404964.

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Colten, Craig E. "Industrial ecology and groundwater contamination." Global Environment 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2017.100109.

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Holland, Marge. "Progress in Groundwater Ecology Groundwater Ecology Janine Gibert Dan L. Danielopol Jack A. Stanford." BioScience 46, no. 2 (February 1996): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312820.

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Danielopol, Dan Luca, and Christian Griebler. "Changing Paradigms in Groundwater Ecology - from the ‘Living Fossils' Tradition to the ‘New Groundwater Ecology’." International Review of Hydrobiology 93, no. 4-5 (October 2008): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200711045.

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Stournaras, George. "Groundwater bodies in ecology and ecosystems." Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 11, no. 3-4 (January 2011): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10104-011-0047-y.

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Nwankwoala, H. O. "Towards a Conceptual Understanding of Groundwater Ecology." European Journal of Sustainable Development 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n3p493.

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In recent times, ecohydrology and hydroecology are making a mark on theenvironmental agenda, as evidenced by the proliferation of these terms in theacademic literature. There is an increasing recognition that groundwater is essentialto many ecological communities. Surface ecological processes (such asevapotranspiration) significantly impact hydrological responses and relatedhydrochemical function. Thus, the relation of groundwater hydrology to patternsand processes in ecology is a ‘two-way street’ where understanding the feedback ofone to the other serves as a powerful lens through which to evaluate and explainthe functioning of natural ecosystems. Influxes of groundwater to lakes, rivers, andwetlands can change whole-system physico-chemical properties such astemperature and salinity, while also providing more subtle influences onmicroenvironments and their ecological processes. The recognition of thesignificance and power of this tandem has not always been followed with effectiveinterdisciplinary science. The ecological, hydrological, and physico-chemical linksbetween groundwater, surface water and associated ecosystems are seldom fullyunderstood even though true characterization and wise management will require amultidisciplinary approach. This means biologists need to understand theimportance of magnitude and timing of groundwater flows for their system, whichrequires the skills of hydrogeologists to achieve. Hydrogeologists, in turn, mustunderstand how and why groundwater influences ecological processes so that theirexpertise is brought to bear at a scale commensurate to the ecological researchquestion. In this paper therefore, an overview of general concepts, research effortsand future perspectives are presented. More importantly, the paper asserts that it isnot simply the integration of hydrology and ecology that will determine the futureprospects for ecohydrology/hydroecology, but the way in which this integrativescience is conducted.

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Craig, D., and L. M. Johnston. "Acid Precipitation and Groundwater Chemistry at the Turkey Lakes Watershed." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, S1 (December 19, 1988): s59—s65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-267.

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To determine correctly the response of a basin to various acid loading events, the groundwater hydrology must be considered as a function of the basin stratigraphy and mineralogy. Groundwaters in the Turkey Lakes Watershed are well buffered and in general provide a reservoir of alkalinity for surface waters in the basin. The groundwater chemistry is dominated by the weathering of carbonates present in the tills. Groundwater can follow a variety of pathways through the subsurface. These pathways can have very different flow rates and groundwater chemistry. As a result of this the influence of groundwater on surface water is highly site specific.

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Gibert, Janine. "Groundwater systems and their boundaries: Conceptual framework and prospects in groundwater ecology." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 24, no. 3 (June 1991): 1605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1989.11899029.

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Aldous, Allison R., and Leslie B. Bach. "Hydro-ecology of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: applying basic science to groundwater management." Hydrological Sciences Journal 59, no. 3-4 (April 3, 2014): 530–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.889296.

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GALASSI, DIANA M. P., RONY HUYS, and JANET W. REID. "Diversity, ecology and evolution of groundwater copepods." Freshwater Biology 54, no. 4 (April 2009): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02185.x.

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Hartland, Adam, Graham D. Fenwick, and Sarah J. Bury. "Tracing sewage-derived organic matter into a shallow groundwater food web using stable isotope and fluorescence signatures." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 2 (2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10110.

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Little is known about the feeding modes of groundwater invertebrates (stygofauna). Incorporation of sewage-derived organic matter (OM) into a shallow groundwater food web was studied using fluorescence and stable isotope signatures (δ13C and δ15N). Organic pollution was hypothesised to limit sensitive species’ abundances along the contamination gradient and isotope signatures of stygofauna consuming sewage-derived OM were expected to be enriched in δ15N. Stygofauna communities near a sewage treatment plant in New Zealand were sampled over 4 months and microbial biofilms were incubated in situ on native gravel for 1 month. As anticipated, OM stress-subsidy gradients altered stygofauna composition: the biomass of oligochaetes and Paraleptamphopus amphipods increased in OM-enriched groundwater (higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and tryptophan-like fluorescence), whereas other, probably less-tolerant taxa (e.g. ostracods, Dytiscidae) were absent. Isotopic signatures for stygofauna from polluted groundwater were consistent with assimilation of isotopically enriched sewage-N (δ15N values of 7–16‰), but highly depleted in δ13C relative to sewage. Negative 13C discriminations probably occur in Paraleptamphopus amphipods, and may also occur in oligochaetes and Dytiscidae, a finding with implications for the application of δ13C for determining food sources in groundwaters. Organic pollution of groundwaters may have serious repercussions for stygofauna community structure with potentially irreversible consequences.

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Cui, Haohao, Guanghui Zhang, Qian Wang, Jinzhe Wang, Min Liu, and Mingjiang Yan. "Study on Index of Groundwater Ecological Function Crisis Classification and Early Warning in Northwest China." Water 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121911.

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The natural oases in the plain area of the northwest inland basin strongly depend on the groundwater depth. With the overexploitation and utilization of groundwater, natural oases are faced with the problems of serious degradation and rehabilitation. How to evaluate the degree of the degeneration crisis of groundwater ecological function has become one of the key scientific and technological problems to be solved. In this paper, the Shiyang River basin of Gansu Province was selected as a typical research area. The remote sensing interpretation, groundwater–soil ecology comprehensive investigation, and groundwater in situ monitoring were adopted to carry out the research. Based on the correlation analysis method of natural ecology and groundwater, the interactive relationship between the natural ecological environment and groundwater depth in different ecological types of the region were studied: (1) under the arid climate condition in northwest China, the relationships between the ecological situation and the groundwater depth in different ecological types of the region were obviously different, and as a result, the optimal or limit ecological water level of groundwater in different ecological types was also different; (2) in the natural wetland area, the suitable ecological water level of groundwater was between 0.5 m to 1.5 m, and the limit ecological water level was 8.0 m; in the natural vegetation area, the suitable ecological water level was between 3.0 m to 5.0 m, and the limit ecological water level was 10.0 m; and in the farmland area, the suitable ecological water level was between 2.0 m to 5.0 m, and the limit ecological water level was 2.0 m; (3) in order to effectively protect the natural ecology in different ecological types, a five-level early warning and control index system should be established for the ecological function degeneration crisis of groundwater. It may be beneficial to promote restoration and protection of the groundwater ecological function and natural ecology in the inland area of northwest China.

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Teng, Xiaomin, Yuxi Li, Panlin Li, and Wanglin Li. "Application of a Zoning Methodology for Groundwater Suitability on Islands, a Case Study of Pingtan Island, China." Water 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152000.

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A groundwater function evaluation systems and associated model was applied to Pingtan Island in China, to support future development, use and protection of groundwater. Groundwater function was assigned to resource, ecology and geological environmental functions, and then further sub-divided, based on hydrogeological conditions, development status, planning and Chine policy requirements. At the same time, it is the first time to try to apply the technical requirements for the division of groundwater resources in island areas. According to the planning and utilization of groundwater resources in Pingtan Island, established a second-level system of shallow groundwater function zoning. Then, by comparing the strong and weak relationships among the groundwater resource function, ecology function, and geological environment function, developed a scoring system of the shallow groundwater function zoning. The division of shallow groundwater function zones in Pingtan Island was finally carried out. The zoning result will play an essential role in the future development, utilization, and protection of groundwater in Pingtan Island. At the same time, it provides the first example for the application of groundwater function zoning in island areas and improves the theoretical results of groundwater function zoning.

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Doherty, Rory, Blathnaid McPolin, Bernd Kulessa, Alessandra Frau, Anna Kulakova, Christopher C. R. Allen, and Michael J. Larkin. "Microbial ecology and geoelectric responses across a groundwater plume." Interpretation 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): SAB9—SAB21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0058.1.

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We have used geophysics, microbiology, and geochemistry to link large-scale (30+ m) geophysical self-potential (SP) responses at a groundwater contaminant plume with its chemistry and microbial ecology of groundwater and soil from in and around it. We have found that microbially mediated transformation of ammonia to nitrite, nitrate, and nitrogen gas was likely to have promoted a well-defined electrochemical gradient at the edge of the plume, which dominated the SP response. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the plume fringe or anode of the geobattery was dominated by electrogens and biodegradative microorganisms including Proteobacteria alongside Geobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae. The uncultivated candidate phylum OD1 dominated uncontaminated areas of the site. We defined the redox boundary at the plume edge using the calculated and observed electric SP geophysical measurements. Conductive soils and waste acted as an electronic conductor, which was dominated by abiotic iron cycling processes that sequester electrons generated at the plume fringe. We have suggested that such geoelectric phenomena can act as indicators of natural attenuation processes that control groundwater plumes. Further work is required to monitor electron transfer across the geoelectric dipole to fully define this phenomenon as a geobattery. This approach can be used as a novel way of monitoring microbial activity around the degradation of contaminated groundwater plumes or to monitor in situ bioelectric systems designed to manage groundwater plumes.

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Suh, Jeong-Yul, Paul L. Brown, and Gavin F. Birch. "Hydrogeochemical characteristics and importance of natural and anthropogenic influences on soil and groundwater in reclaimed land adjacent to Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 6 (2003): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02075.

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Major ion and trace metal concentrations and physicochemical parameters were measured over a full tidal cycle in groundwater from reclaimed land adjacent to Rozelle Bay in Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia. Materials used for reclaiming the land (construction material waste or dredged marine sediment) predominantly influenced the ion and trace element compositions of the groundwater. The redox behaviour and composition of the soil profiles influenced the behaviour of redox-sensitive elements in the groundwater, for example Mn and Fe. When the water table recedes in drier periods, oxygen ingress can lead to biologically catalysed oxidation reactions resulting in a reduction in pH and an associated increase in the concentration of some trace elements. The dredged marine sediment contains a considerable fraction of shell fragments, leading to elevated bicarbonate levels in the groundwater, which in turn limits some trace element and major ion concentrations. The groundwaters contain higher levels of many trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr) than occur in seawater and the natural hydraulic gradient may lead to elevated concentrations of these elements entering the estuary.

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LARNED, SCOTT T. "Phreatic groundwater ecosystems: research frontiers for freshwater ecology." Freshwater Biology 57, no. 5 (March 23, 2012): 885–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02769.x.

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17

Di Cicco, Mattia, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Mattia Iannella, Ilaria Vaccarelli, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, and Barbara Fiasca. "Linking Hydrogeology and Ecology in Karst Landscapes: The Response of Epigean and Obligate Groundwater Copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda)." Water 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152106.

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Groundwater invertebrate communities in karst landscapes are known to vary in response to multiple environmental factors. This study aims to explore the invertebrate assemblages’ composition of an Apennine karst system in Italy mainly described by the Rio Gamberale surface stream and the Stiffe Cave. The stream sinks into the carbonate rock and predominantly feeds the saturated karst into the cave. For a minor portion, groundwater flows from the epikarst and the perched aquifer within it. The spatial distribution of the species belonging to the selected target group of the Crustacea Copepoda between the surface stream and the groundwater habitats inside the cave highlighted a different response of surface-water species and obligate groundwater dwellers to the hydrogeological traits of the karst unit. Our results suggest that fast endorheic infiltration routes promoted the drift of epigean species from the surface to groundwater via the sinking stream while most of the obligate groundwater dwellers come from the perched aquifer in the epikarst from diffuse infiltration pathways.

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Schwab, Valérie F., Martina Herrmann, Vanessa-Nina Roth, Gerd Gleixner, Robert Lehmann, Georg Pohnert, Susan Trumbore, Kirsten Küsel, and Kai U. Totsche. "Functional diversity of microbial communities in pristine aquifers inferred by PLFA- and sequencing-based approaches." Biogeosciences 14, no. 10 (May 31, 2017): 2697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2697-2017.

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Abstract. Microorganisms in groundwater play an important role in aquifer biogeochemical cycles and water quality. However, the mechanisms linking the functional diversity of microbial populations and the groundwater physico-chemistry are still not well understood due to the complexity of interactions between surface and subsurface. Within the framework of Hainich (north-western Thuringia, central Germany) Critical Zone Exploratory of the Collaborative Research Centre AquaDiva, we used the relative abundances of phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) to link specific biochemical markers within the microbial communities to the spatio-temporal changes of the groundwater physico-chemistry. The functional diversities of the microbial communities were mainly correlated with groundwater chemistry, including dissolved O2, Fet and NH4+ concentrations. Abundances of PLFAs derived from eukaryotes and potential nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (11Me16:0 as biomarker for Nitrospira moscoviensis) were high at sites with elevated O2 concentration where groundwater recharge supplies bioavailable substrates. In anoxic groundwaters more rich in Fet, PLFAs abundant in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), iron-reducing bacteria and fungi increased with Fet and HCO3− concentrations, suggesting the occurrence of active iron reduction and the possible role of fungi in meditating iron solubilization and transport in those aquifer domains. In more NH4+-rich anoxic groundwaters, anammox bacteria and SRB-derived PLFAs increased with NH4+ concentration, further evidencing the dependence of the anammox process on ammonium concentration and potential links between SRB and anammox bacteria. Additional support of the PLFA-based bacterial communities was found in DNA- and RNA-based Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, which showed high predominance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira, e.g. Nitrospira moscoviensis, in oxic aquifer zones and of anammox bacteria in more NH4+-rich anoxic groundwater. Higher relative abundances of sequence reads in the RNA-based datasets affiliated with iron-reducing bacteria in more Fet-rich groundwater supported the occurrence of active dissimilatory iron reduction. The functional diversity of the microbial communities in the biogeochemically distinct groundwater assemblages can be largely attributed to the redox conditions linked to changes in bioavailable substrates and input of substrates with the seepage. Our results demonstrate the power of complementary information derived from PLFA-based and sequencing-based approaches.

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Humphreys, W. F. "Hydrogeology and groundwater ecology: Does each inform the other?" Hydrogeology Journal 17, no. 1 (July 23, 2008): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0349-3.

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Emmert, M., and A. Schneck. "Optimisation of water extraction considering water demands of water supply, agriculture and ecology." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0038.

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For drinking water supply in the Donauried area (52 km2) approximately 950 l/s groundwater are abstracted from 6 catchment plants with 220 wells. In the Donauried also intensive farming and several natural parks with valuable but drained lower moors are located so that many conflicts have arisen around the water. In a joint research project the goal is to manage the 6 plants' water demands, hydrology and season to achieve a water-optimum for each party. That is to have enough water for water supply, to guarantee farming without affecting groundwater quality and to rewet the lower moors. This task is solved by developing an optimisation algorithm that is based on a numerical groundwater flow model taking into account the water demands of all parties.

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Hong, Pei-Ying, Anthony C. Yannarell, Qinghua Dai, Melike Ekizoglu, and Roderick I. Mackie. "Monitoring the Perturbation of Soil and Groundwater Microbial Communities Due to Pig Production Activities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 8 (February 8, 2013): 2620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03760-12.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine if biotic contaminants originating from pig production farms are disseminated into soil and groundwater microbial communities. A spatial and temporal sampling of soil and groundwater in proximity to pig production farms was conducted, and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was utilized to determine the abundances of tetracycline resistance genes (i.e.,tetQandtetZ) and integrase genes (i.e.,intI1andintI2). We observed that the abundances oftetZ,tetQ,intI1, andintI2in the soils increased at least 6-fold after manure application, and their abundances remained elevated above the background for up to 16 months. Q-PCR further determined total abundances of up to 5.88 × 109copies/ng DNA fortetZ,tetQ,intI1, andintI2in some of the groundwater wells that were situated next to the manure lagoon and in the facility well used to supply water for one of the farms. We further utilized 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing to assess the microbial communities, and our comparative analyses suggest that most of the soil samples collected before and after manure application did not change significantly, sharing a high Bray-Curtis similarity of 78.5%. In contrast, an increase inBacteroidetesand sulfur-oxidizing bacterial populations was observed in the groundwaters collected from lagoon-associated groundwater wells. Genera associated with opportunistic human and animal pathogens, such asAcinetobacter,Arcobacter,Yersinia, andCoxiella, were detected in some of the manure-treated soils and affected groundwater wells. Feces-associated bacteria such asStreptococcus,Erysipelothrix, andBacteroideswere detected in the manure, soil, and groundwater ecosystems, suggesting a perturbation of the soil and groundwater environments by invader species from pig production activities.

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Tomlinson, Moya, and Andrew J. Boulton. "Ecology and management of subsurface groundwater dependent ecosystems in Australia - a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 8 (2010): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09267.

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As demand for consumptive use of groundwater escalates, the need for careful management becomes more pressing. Water reforms in Australia require explicit recognition of environmental needs in water resource plans, but subsurface groundwater dependent ecosystems (SGDEs) are rarely provided for. The ecological values of these sequestered ecosystems are not well documented and are readily overlooked. We review the biodiversity, ecological processes and ecosystem services of Australian SGDEs and highlight the ecological relevance of their connectivity with other ecosystems. A lack of attention to SGDEs in groundwater plans risks inadequate provision for environmental water requirements with probable impacts on ecological values, water quality and ecosystem goods and services in SGDEs and connected ecosystems. We suggest an ecohydrogeological approach to understanding the implications of anthropogenic disturbance on SGDEs based on their connectivity to other ecosystems and aquifer permeability. As well as a template for comparative research on the biogeochemistry and ecology of SGDEs in Australia and overseas, this conceptual tool has potential application in conservation planning, water resource assessment and environmental impact assessment.

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Steinberg, Kelly A., Kim D. Eichhorst, and Jennifer A. Rudgers. "Riparian plant species differ in sensitivity to both the mean and variance in groundwater stores." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 5 (August 10, 2020): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa049.

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Abstract Aims Determining the ecological consequences of interactions between slow changes in long-term climate means and amplified variability in climate is an important research frontier in plant ecology. We combined the recent approach of climate sensitivity functions with a revised hydrological ‘bucket model’ to improve predictions on how plant species will respond to changes in the mean and variance of groundwater resources. Methods We leveraged spatiotemporal variation in long-term datasets of riparian vegetation cover and groundwater levels to build the first groundwater sensitivity functions for common plant species of dryland riparian corridors. Our results demonstrate the value of this approach to identifying which plant species will thrive (or fail) in an increasingly variable climate layered with declining groundwater stores. Important Findings Riparian plant species differed in sensitivity to both the mean and variance in groundwater levels. Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) cover was predicted to decline with greater inter-annual groundwater variance, while coyote willow (Salix exigua) and other native wetland species were predicted to benefit from greater year-to-year variance. No non-native species were sensitive to groundwater variance, but patterns for Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) predict declines under deeper mean groundwater tables. Warm air temperatures modulated groundwater sensitivity for cottonwood, which was more sensitive to variability in groundwater in years/sites with warmer maximum temperatures than in cool sites/periods. Cottonwood cover declined most with greater intra-annual coefficients of variation (CV) in groundwater, but was not significantly correlated with inter-annual CV, perhaps due to the short time series (16 years) relative to cottonwood lifespan. In contrast, non-native tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) cover increased with both intra- and inter-annual CV in groundwater. Altogether, our results predict that changes in groundwater variability and mean will affect riparian plant communities through the differential sensitivities of individual plant species to mean versus variance in groundwater stores.

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Ahern, Kathleen S., James W. Udy, and Shane M. Pointon. "Investigating the potential for groundwater from different vegetation, soil and landuses to stimulate blooms of the cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, in coastal waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05115.

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Over the past decade, toxic blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula have increased in frequency and severity in south-east Queensland, Australia, with blooms in Deception Bay linked to increased inputs of dissolved nutrients and organic carbon from land-based sources. The current study investigates the potential for groundwater from ten combinations of vegetation, soil and landuses to stimulate L. majuscula growth in Deception Bay. The photosynthetic response (14C-bicarbonate uptake rate) of L. majuscula to diluted samples of groundwater (1 part groundwater to 19 parts seawater) was measured under laboratory conditions. The results from the present study show that groundwaters from vegetation/soil/landuse systems characterised by acid sulfate soils, exotic pine plantations and Melaleuca vegetation significantly stimulated L. majuscula photosynthesis. These areas typically have low pH and/or high dissolved organic carbon concentrations with strong iron complexation properties, favouring the bioavailability of nutrients. Data from the current study have been incorporated into models and hazard maps to identify areas most vulnerable to the export of nutrients of concern for L. majuscula growth. The hazard maps are part of the Harmful Algal Bloom Policy within the draft South-east Queensland Coastal Management Plan and are aimed at reducing the severity of L. majuscula blooms.

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ARAI, Tomokazu, Yu FUKUISHI, and Michiko HARAYAMA. "The Political Ecology of Groundwater in Hakushu Town, Yamanashi Prefecture." E-journal GEO 5, no. 2 (2011): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/ejgeo.5.125.

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Klijn, Frans, and Jan-Philip M. Witte. "Eco-hydrology: Groundwater flow and site factors in plant ecology." Hydrogeology Journal 7, no. 1 (February 18, 1999): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050180.

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Zhang, Guo Zhen, Qian Wang, and Fu Ping Wu. "Research on Water Ecology of Tunnel Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.647.

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This article focuses on the tunnel construction process in arid and semi-arid regions which producing water environment problems ,proposing to initialize the control for the water pollution, containment of surface water and groundwater quality deterioration and loss of water and soil in the process of tunnel construction.The water eco-system of tunnel engineering in the arid and semi-arid regions is researched and established, so as to achieve the control for the surface water and groundwater pollution problems of tunnel project in arid and semi-arid regions, and to provide relevant guidance for the tunnel project.

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Moore, Scott. "Parchedness, politics, and power: the state hydraulic in Yemen." Journal of Political Ecology 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v18i1.21705.

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Historically, Yemen was noted for its sustainable, locally-adapted system of water management. Today, however, it faces one of the world's most acute shortages of water, driven chiefly by unsustainable rates of groundwater depletion. This article seeks to explain Yemen's present water crisis as the result of a political ecology dominated both by an expansionist Yemeni state and rural elites. By adopting intensive groundwater abstraction as a key development strategy, Yemen has produced an unsustainable basis for future economic and social development. The Yemeni case confirms both the importance of states and elites in the political ecology of water systems, and indicates that rural as well as urban water systems are characterized by patterns of exclusion and marginalization. As Yemen attempts to reap the fruits of the Arab Spring, it must adopt reform of its broken system of water management as one of its most pressing national objectives.Key Words: Yemen, groundwater depletion, developmental state, hydraulic civilization, water scarcity

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Li, Ying, Gui Zhang Zhao, Lei Zeng, and Cun Liang Wang. "Vegetation-Groundwater Relationship Model for Subei Lake Watershed and Prediction of Vegetation Succession Rules under Exploitation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4315.

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Located in an arid and semi-arid region with low rainfall and high evaporation, the Subei Lake watershed has fragile ecological environment; the impact of groundwater level recession on vegetation ecology is the key problem for the exploitation and utilization of groundwater resource in this region. In this paper, a succession model for vegetation and burial depth of groundwater level was constructed through field survey, and was used along with numeric simulation to predict the change in burial depth of groundwater level in the study area under exploitation and to analyze and predict the vegetation succession rules and processes. It is believed from the study that, while groundwater level falls constantly, the burial depth of groundwater level will increase gradually, and succession will occur gradually from aquatic vegetation to mesophytic and xerophytic vegetations, from Carex L. and Iris ensata Thunb shoaly lands to Achnatherum splendens shoaly lands, from Salix psammophila shrubs to Artemisia desterorum Spreng shrubs, and from Populus simonii to Salix matsudana.

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Zhang, Bo, Mei Hong, Zu Hao Zhou, Yang Wen Jia, Hui Li, and Dong Wang. "Modeling the Effect of Groundwater Abstraction on Wei River Riverine Ecological Flow Using the Coupled Model of Groundwater and Surfacewater." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1453.

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In this study, the latest version of river boundary modular in MODFLOW, was employed in this watershed for the case study of coupled calculation between river and aquifer. Because of the complex interaction of groundwater and surface water in this area, the coupling model of SFR modular for river diffusive wave model and isochronal cell method for overland flow confluence model and numerical calculation of groundwater is coupled to simulate the runoff process of Weihe river. The model validation was aiming at river flow rate and groundwater field. The results show that 65% of the abstracted shallow groundwater comes from the river water and the reduced amount of river baseflow by the groundwater abstraction is 122 million m3 per year, which is also validated by a water balance analysis of river links. The 50% reduction of shallow groundwater abstraction may lead to a recover of 3 m of the lowest groundwater level. The study provides a sound analysis tool to the integrated water resources and ecology management in the region.

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Lopez, Mark Louie D., and Rey Donne S. Papa. "Diversity and distribution of copepods (Class: Maxillopoda, Subclass: Copepoda) in groundwater habitats across South-East Asia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19044.

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Copepods have successfully penetrated the groundwater realm through a series of morphological diversifications and adaptations. Research on this taxon has increased over the past decade because of its potential in revealing the status of groundwater environmental health and biodiversity. Despite efforts in documenting this group in other regions, groundwater copepods in South-East Asia remain barely studied. To date, only 47 species belonging to 22 genera from Harpacticoida, Cyclopoida and Calanoida have been documented from groundwater and groundwater-dependent habitats across the region. The steep species accumulation curve from 1980 up to the present indicates a high possibility of discovering more new species. Spatial distribution shows high local endemicity than regional scales, where some species considered to be rare and endemic were actually common in local habitats. Overall, the low number of records in the region is because of the lack of experts and limited accessibility to groundwater and dependent ecosystems, like aquifers and groundwater wells. A more intensive effort in documenting the diversity and distribution of groundwater copepods and building collaborations between experts in the region is highly needed. This information is important in drafting future conservation and management policies for the groundwater resources in the region.

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Su, Yujuan, Fengtian Yang, Yaoxuan Chen, Pan Zhang, and Xue Zhang. "Optimization of Groundwater Exploitation in an Irrigation Area in the Arid Upper Peacock River, NW China: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Ecology." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168903.

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Groundwater is the main irrigation water source in the Upper Peacock River. As fast enlargement of irrigation areas continues in recent years, the groundwater level declines continuously and has posed a threat to the sustainability of local agriculture and ecology. A numerical model was established with the code MODFLOW–2000 in order to predict the declining trend of groundwater level and formulate measures to counter the overexploitation, in which the river–aquifer interaction was elaborated and characterized by field survey. The results show that under current intensity of groundwater withdrawal, the levels of both unconfined and confined waters would decline continuously in 7 years from 2015. To stop the groundwater level from declining on the regional scale, the withdrawal rate should be compressed by 45% with respect to that in 2015. Moreover, taking consideration of the constraint of maintaining the ecological water level in the vicinity of the Euphrates Poplar forest in the study area, the withdrawal rate should be compressed 70% for seven towns around the forest.

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Yu, Jianyou, Shensheng Ge, Lingchao Hou, Yiteng Zhang, and Yuzhu Liu. "Limit Drainage of Separated Tunnel Based on Ecological Groundwater Table: A Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2669924.

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After the excavation of the tunnel in water-rich regions, the groundwater is continuously discharged into the tunnel. Excessive discharge will cause the groundwater table to drop, which will destroy the normal growth of vegetation and ecological balance. In order to protect the ecological environment, the key is to develop an effective method to determine the tunnel drainage. In this paper, a method for calculating the limit drainage of the tunnel is proposed based on area-well method and the concept of ecological groundwater table in ecology and agronomy. Some conclusions are drawn as follows. (1) When the ecological groundwater table is constant, with the increase of groundwater discharge, the drainage influence range of the tunnel decreases, the rainfall supplement quantity W t within the drainage influence range decreases, and the total groundwater discharge quantity Qt also decreases gradually. Since the decreasing rate of W t is greater than that of Qt, there is a unit drainage that makes the total groundwater discharge equal to rainfall supplement. (2) A separated tunnel under construction in Fuzhou City is taken as an example; the limit drainage q0 of the separated double tunnel is 0.48 m3/(m·d) considering ecological groundwater table.

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Voudouris, Konstantinos, and Nerantzis Kazakis. "Groundwater Quality and Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment." Environments 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8100100.

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Whitehead, P. G., V. I. Pye, R. Patrick, and J. Quarles. "Groundwater Contamination in the United States." Journal of Applied Ecology 22, no. 2 (August 1985): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403210.

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Rohrman, Douglass F. "“Oh, waiter, hold the groundwater…”." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4, no. 9 (November 2006): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[498:owhtg]2.0.co;2.

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Jagariya, Ranjeet. "Physico-chemical investigation of groundwater of Pisangan region of Ajmer (Rajasthan) with special reference to fluoride and nitrate." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.052.

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This research is based on physicochemical investigation of groundwater with special reference to fluoride and nitrate to evaluate the quality of groundwater of Pisangan region of Ajmer district (Rajasthan). Pisangan is a tehsil block of Ajmer district (Rajasthan) and located 35.2 km from Ajmer district headquarter. The groundwater resources of Pisangan region (Ajmer) has greatly been affected by the overexploitation and geochemical changes. This research work was investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater of Pisangan and its surrounding villages. For the physico-chemical investigation, sixteen groundwater specimens were bottled from Pisangan and its surrounding villages during postmonsoon of 2021 and investigated for various groundwater quality parameters with special reference to fluoride (F– ) and nitrate (NO3 – ). It was perceived that the physico-chemical investigation of groundwater of Pisangan and its surrounding villages shown an uneven contamination of both fluoride (F– ) and nitrate (NO3 – ), and most of the groundwater specimens were not as per the drinking water standards of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The groundwater of Pisangan region is found unsuitable for drinking purposes due to presence of fluoride (F– ) and nitrate (NO3 – ) beyond the maximum agreeable limit of drinking water standards of BIS.

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Babu, R. Ganesh, G. Ravi Babu, A. Mani, P. Prasuna Rani, and V. Srinivasa Rao. "MODELLING IMPACT OF CROPPING PATTERN AND URBAN AREAON GROUNDWATER RESOURSES OF NAGARJUNA SAGAR RIGHTCANAL COMMAND AREA USING VISUAL MODFLOW." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.060.

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Groundwater models can be used for the assessment of the impact of the different cropping pattern andchange in urban area on groundwater resource and modeling is the best tool to optimize the differentcombinations or scenarios and to select the best combination or scenario for management of sustainablegroundwater resources. In this study, three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model VisualMODFLOW 2.8.1 was used to simulate the groundwater dynamics in Nagarjuna Sagar Right CanalCommand area. The net area irrigated under Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal is 4.75 lakh ha. Calibration andvalidation of the model has been carried out and used to predict the static groundwater storage availabilityin the study area for different cropping pattern scenarios and change in the urban area. The validatedVisual MODFLOW 2.8.1 was used to simulate the groundwater dynamics in the study area for the years2030 and 2040 with different cropping pattern scenarios and change in the urban area. Global climatemodel MarkSim, which is developed by the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) was usedto generate future weather data for the years 2030 and 2040. The impact of change in cropping pattern onstorage of static groundwater resource in the study area for the years 2030 and 2040 was assessed with twoscenarios of change in rice cropped area decreased by 50 per cent and 100 per cent with this cropped areacultivated equally by the ID crops. These results showed that the lesser storage of static groundwaterresources in future lesser. The change in the cropping pattern affects the net recharge of the groundwaterwhich influences the groundwater levels. Increase in paddy area increases the recharge and rise ingroundwater level has been identified. In the study area, cropping pattern could be changed from rice cropto other irrigated dry crops to prevent the increase of groundwater resources which leads the water loggingcondition in the study area. The urbanization is one of the most significant factor considering for assessmentof the response on the groundwater levels and availability of static groundwater resources. The groundwaterrecharge is very less in case of increase in urban area and generates more runoff rather than the intake ofrainfall in the ground surface as having the impervious nature. In view of increase in urban area in thestudy area, the four scenarios are proposed with the combination of 10 per cent and 20 per cent decrease inrecharge and 50 per cent and 100 per cent increase in groundwater draft and simulated the groundwater fluctuations for the years 2030 and 2040. The impact of change in the urban area on storage of availablestatic groundwater resource in the study area for the years 2030 and 2040 was assessed with four scenarioscombination of groundwater recharge and groundwater pumping. The storage of static groundwaterresources would be expected in future lesser than the present storage of static groundwater resources in allscenarios due to increase in urban area as increased in impervious nature of the ground surface. The declinein available static groundwater resources would be expected 6.38 per cent and 7.08 per cent during 2030and 2040 respectively. The rapid expansion in the urban area and their settlements is also one of the reasonsfor the depletion of groundwater resources with low recharge and high groundwater draft.

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Taubert, Martin, Will A. Overholt, Beatrix M. Heinze, Georgette Azemtsop Matanfack, Rola Houhou, Nico Jehmlich, Martin von Bergen, Petra Rösch, Jürgen Popp, and Kirsten Küsel. "Bolstering fitness via CO2 fixation and organic carbon uptake: mixotrophs in modern groundwater." ISME Journal 16, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01163-x.

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AbstractCurrent understanding of organic carbon inputs into ecosystems lacking photosynthetic primary production is predicated on data and inferences derived almost entirely from metagenomic analyses. The elevated abundances of putative chemolithoautotrophs in groundwaters suggest that dark CO2 fixation is an integral component of subsurface trophic webs. To understand the impact of autotrophically fixed carbon, the flux of CO2-derived carbon through various populations of subsurface microbiota must first be resolved, both quantitatively and temporally. Here we implement novel Stable Isotope Cluster Analysis to render a time-resolved and quantitative evaluation of 13CO2-derived carbon flow through a groundwater community in microcosms stimulated with reduced sulfur compounds. We demonstrate that mixotrophs, not strict autotrophs, were the most abundant active organisms in groundwater microcosms. Species of Hydrogenophaga, Polaromonas, Dechloromonas, and other metabolically versatile mixotrophs drove the production and remineralization of organic carbon. Their activity facilitated the replacement of 43% and 80% of total microbial carbon stores in the groundwater microcosms with 13C in just 21 and 70 days, respectively. The mixotrophs employed different strategies for satisfying their carbon requirements by balancing CO2 fixation and uptake of available organic compounds. These different strategies might provide fitness under nutrient-limited conditions, explaining the great abundances of mixotrophs in other oligotrophic habitats, such as the upper ocean and boreal lakes.

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Ye, Xueyan, Ruijuan Cui, Lixue Wang, and Xinqiang Du. "The influence of riverbank filtration on regional water resources: a case study in the Second Songhua River catchment, China." Water Supply 20, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 1425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.055.

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Abstract Riverbank filtration (RBF) of river water recharging a groundwater system has been identified as a source of water supply that guarantees the quantity of abstracted water and reduces the cost of water treatment. This paper evaluates the safe yield of groundwater in suitable areas using a numerical model of groundwater flow and discusses the influence of RBF on the temporal variation of regional hydraulic heads, groundwater flow, river flow, and groundwater–surface water interaction (GSI) under different precipitation frequencies from 20% to 95% along the Second Songhua River in Northeast China. This study shows that the potential of RBF is enormous and that the total safe yield of groundwater abstraction was 29.56 × 104 m3/day under the precipitation frequency of 95%. The direction of regional groundwater flow was not obviously changed except within the local groundwater flow field under the maximum safe yield pumping conditions. When the precipitation frequencies are higher than 75%, the direction of the GSI might be changed, and the rate of river recharge of groundwater is enhanced. The water quantity that would be captured from the river does not threaten the safety of the river ecology. It is concluded that there were no obvious adverse impacts of the large scale of RBF on regional water resources in the Second Songhua River area.

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Gui, Dongwei, Fanjiang Zeng, Zhen Liu, and Bo Zhang. "Characteristics of the clonal propagation of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) under different groundwater depths in Xinjiang, China." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 3 (2013): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13004.

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Clonal reproduction of plants commonly occurs in arid areas because seedling establishment is rare in such severe environments. The features of clonal architecture differ not only among plant species but also within the same species growing in different environments. The characteristics of clonal propagation of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae), growing on the margins of Cele Oasis on the southern rim of the Taklamakan Desert, were investigated in September 2010. The study was conducted on three sites with different groundwater depths (2.5, 4.5, and 11.0 m). The results showed that the root suckering depth and the ability to expand and the biomass of coarse lateral roots of A. sparsifolia significantly increased when the groundwater depth increased. Moreover, the vegetative regeneration capacity of A. sparsifolia significantly declined with increasing groundwater depth, and the canopy cover at the site with a groundwater depth of 2.5 m was significantly greater than at the other two sites. There was no difference in aboveground biomass at the three sites. In such hyper-arid environments with a scarcity of soil nutrients, it was demonstrated that groundwater depth plays an important role in the clonal growth and propagation traits of A. sparsifolia. Increases in the groundwater depth as a result of over-use of oasis water for irrigation could lead to reduced populations of this important species in the interfaces between oases and the surrounding desert.

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Babu, R. Ganesh, G. Ravi Babu, A. Mani, P. Prasuna Rani, and V. Srinivasa Rao. "Simulation and Prediction of Groundwater Dynamics in Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal (NSRC) Command for Normal and Extreme Groundwater Recharge Conditions." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): S262—S271. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.041.

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Groundwater Modeling is the best tool to optimize the different combinations and to select the best combination for sustainable groundwater management. Using computer models, best solution or scenario can optimize by creating model with real conditions. In this study, computer model Visual MODFLOW was applied to Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal Command area to simulate the groundwater dynamics. The net area irrigated under Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal is 4.75 lakh ha. The aquifer properties of various layers and boundary conditions were fed in to the model as input for calibration and validation of the model. After calibration and validation, the model was used to predict the groundwater dynamics in the study area using different recharge scenarios. The validated groundwater model was used to predict the groundwater levels in the study area for the years 2020, 2030 and 2040 with different recharge scenarios. Global climate model was used to generate future weather data. MarkSim developed by the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) was used to generate the weather parameters like maximum and minimum temperatures for the years 2020, 2030 and 2040. The different recharge scenarios with average, lowest and highest recharge over the study period and projected evapotranspiration have been used and revealed that the groundwater levels increase with the increase in recharge and decreases with the decrease in recharge. The results revealed that the groundwater depleted area would decrease with the highest recharge scenario and it would increase with the lowest recharge scenario in future. The deeper groundwater table would be expected in future at Chimakurthy and Thalluru villages of Prakasam district and Karempudi and Piduguralla villages of Guntur district in the study area. This condition may be due to the excess utilization of groundwater which is less than the groundwater recharge in particular villages. The construction of rainwater harvesting structures for artificial groundwater recharge in those areas should be carried out immediately.

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Lindqvist, Roland, and Göran Bengtsson. "Dispersal dynamics of groundwater bacteria." Microbial Ecology 21, no. 1 (December 1991): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02539144.

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Rashid, Haveen Muhammed. "Modeling Groundwater Potential Zones across Sulaimani Governorate Using Geographic Information System and Multi-influencing Factor Techniques." UHD Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v5n1y2021.pp13-20.

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Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources in the world. The presence of groundwater is the result of interaction of several factors such as: hydrology, geology, climate, ecology, and physiography. The purpose of this paper is to produce groundwater potential zones which are useful in determining the amount of groundwater available in Sulaimani Governorate, North of Iraq. Geographic information system database for six different thematic layers (digital elevation model, rainfall, soil texture, drainage density, slope and land use/land cover) were generated. The study approach involved integration of six layers carried out based on the multiplication of each data raster values with specific weight using weighted overlay analysis method. Raster maps of all the layers assigned a fixed score and weight using multi-influencing factor technique. Based on the resulted map the study area has been divided into four zones that had very high potential zone (1%), high potential zone (14%), moderate zone potential (79%) and low potential zone (6%). About 50% of the high groundwater potential zone were located in Halabja, Rania, and Pshdar districts. Obtained results can be useful in localizing areas of exploration, preventing excessive exploitation of groundwater and planning for suitable sites of artificial groundwater.

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Chen, Qibin, Guilian Fan, Wei Na, Jiming Liu, Jianguo Cui, and Hongyan Li. "Past, Present, and Future of Groundwater Remediation Research: A Scientometric Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203975.

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In this study, we characterize the body of knowledge of groundwater remediation from 1950 to 2018 by employing scientometric techniques and CiteSpace software, based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) databases. The results indicate that the United States and China contributed 56.4% of the total publications and were the major powers in groundwater remediation research. In addition, the United States, Canada, and China have considerable capabilities and expertise in groundwater remediation research. Groundwater remediation research is a multidisciplinary field, covering water resources, environmental sciences and ecology, environmental sciences, and engineering, among other fields. Journals such as Environmental Science and Technology, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, and Water Research were the major sources of cited works. The research fronts of groundwater remediation were transitioning from the pump-and-treat method to permeable reactive barriers and nanoscale zero‑valent iron particles. The combination of new persulfate ion‑activation technology and nanotechnology is receiving much attention. Based on the visualized networks, the intelligence base was verified using a variety of metrics. Through landscape portrayal and developmental trajectory identification of groundwater remediation research, this study provides insight into the characteristics of, and global trends in, groundwater remediation, which will facilitate the identification of future research directions.

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Nidzgorski, Daniel A., and Sarah E. Hobbie. "Urban trees reduce nutrient leaching to groundwater." Ecological Applications 26, no. 5 (July 2016): 1566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/15-0976.

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Iepure, Sanda, Carmen-Andreea Bădăluţă, and Oana Teodora Moldovan. "An annotated checklist of groundwater Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Romania with notes on their distribution and ecology." Subterranean Biology 41 (December 23, 2021): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.41.72542.

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Romania, by its position in East-Central Europe has a complex geological history, high landscape heterogeneity and variable climatic conditions, ranging from temperate-continental in the northeast to sub-Mediterranean in the southwest. These conditions have created repeated waves of colonisation of groundwater by copepods, which raise particular interest in this group from a biogeographical perspective. The earliest investigations on groundwater copepods, dating back to the beginning of the 19th century, have resulted in a wealth of information on the richness of this group, making Romania one of the best studied regions from this perspective in Europe. Groundwater copepods in Romania are currently represented by 107 species and subspecies, of which 60 are harpacticoids (56%) and 47 are cyclopoids (43.9%). Of these, 50.5% are strict stygobites (32.7% harpacticoids and 17.7% cyclopoids). Among stygobite copepods 29 species (35 harpacticoids and 19 cyclopoids) are endemic to the country. Almost 86% of the species are single-site endemics (single cave, or single hyporheic or phreatic site) and the rest are restricted in distribution to a single aquifer or hydrographic basin. The aim of the present checklist represents a significant contribution to the knowledge of groundwater copepods in Romania and provides a sound baseline for future comparative faunal studies focused on the affinities and origins of copepods and the analysis of their biogeographical distribution patterns at regional and continental scales.

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Longobardi, A., A. N. Elizaryev, E. S. Nasyrova, E. N. Elizaryeva, L. U. Kiyashko, and K. U. Kabanov. "Spread of landfill leachate into groundwater." Theoretical and Applied Ecology, no. 2 (2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2020-2-036-043.

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Shalev, Eyal. "Seawater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifers." Water 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2021): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192719.

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This editorial presents a representative collection of 11 papers presented in the Special Issue on Seawater Intrusion into coastal aquifers. Coastal aquifers are one of the most important water resources in the world. In addition, the natural discharge of freshwater to the sea as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has an important role in the ecology of marine environments. The dynamics of seawater and freshwater within coastal aquifers are highly sensitive to disturbances, and their inappropriate management may lead to the deterioration of water quality. In many coastal aquifers, seawater intrusion has become the major constraint imposed on groundwater utilization. Groundwater exploitation and climate variations create dynamic conditions, which can significantly increase seawater intrusion into aquifers and may result in the salinization of wells.

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Curry, R. Allen, and David L. G. Noakes. "Groundwater and the selection of spawning sites by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-765.

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Spawning areas selected by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displayed variable relationships to discharging groundwater across geologic regions. In Canadian Shield waters, spawning was associated with areas of distinct, discharging groundwater. The specific mechanism of selection could not be determined. Groundwater did not appear to influence the selection of individual redd sites within these discharge areas. Competition among females for the opportunity to spawn in a limited area defined by the discharging groundwater appeared to control the selection of redd sites. In southwestern Ontario streams, discharging groundwater was prominent throughout areas of spawning both at redds and at adjacent, nonspawning substrates (≤7 m). Consequently, relationships between groundwater and spawning site selection were ambiguous. On the unglaciated plateau of central Pennsylvania, no groundwater was observed in redds or nonspawning substrates in streams. Brook trout management programmes must consider these groundwater relationships and therefore the impact of land use on groundwater quality and quantity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Groundwater ecology'

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