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1
Lam, A., D. Karssenberg, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, and M. F. P. Bierkens. "Spatial and temporal connections in groundwater contribution to evaporation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 1541–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-1541-2011.
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Abstract. In climate models, lateral terrestrial water fluxes are usually neglected. We estimated the contribution of vertical and lateral groundwater fluxes to the land surface water budget at a subcontinental scale, by modelling convergence of groundwater and surfacewater fluxes. We present a hydrological model of the entire Danube Basin at 5 km resolution, and use it to show the importance of groundwater for the surface climate. The contribution of groundwater to evaporation is significant, and can be upwards of 30% in summer. We show that this contribution is local by presenting the groundwater travel times and the magnitude of groundwater convergence. Throughout the Danube Basin the lateral fluxes of groundwater are negligible when modelling at this scale and resolution. Also, it is shown that the contribution of groundwater to evaporation has important temporal characteristics. An experiment with the same model shows that a wet episode influences groundwaters contribution to summer evaporation for several years afterwards. This indicates that modelling groundwater flow has the potential to augment the multi-year memory of climate models.
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Bidwell, V. J., R. Stenger, and G. F. Barkle. "Dynamic analysis of groundwater discharge and partial-area contribution to Pukemanga Stream, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (July 30, 2007): 2461–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-2461-2007.
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Abstract. The proportion and origin of groundwater contribution to streamflow from agricultural catchments is relevant to estimation of the effects of nitrate leached from the soil on the quality of surface waters. This study addresses the partitioning of streamflow contributions from near-surface runoff and from groundwater, each with different contributing land area, on a steep pastoral hillslope in a humid climate. The 3 ha headwater catchment of the perennial Pukemanga Stream, in the North Island of New Zealand, was instrumented for continuous observation of climatic data, streamflow and groundwater level. The dynamics of groundwater levels and groundwater contribution to streamflow were analysed by means of a one-parameter, eigenvalue-eigenfunction description of a 1-D aquifer model. Model results for seven years of daily data predict that 36–44% of the topographical catchment contributes groundwater to the stream. The remaining groundwater generated within the catchment contributes to streamflow outside the catchment. After correction for contributing areas, groundwater was calculated to be 58–83% of observed annual catchment streamflow or 78–93% of flow generation on a unit area basis. Concurrent hourly data for streamflow and groundwater levels at two sites indicate the dynamic behaviour of a local groundwater system. Groundwater flow dynamics that support the perennial nature of this headwater stream are consistent with the size of the groundwater body, porosity of the subsurface material, and hydraulic conductivity derived from partitioning of streamflow contributions.
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Bidwell, V. J., R. Stenger, and G. F. Barkle. "Dynamic analysis of groundwater discharge and partial-area contribution to Pukemanga Stream, New Zealand." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 28, 2008): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-975-2008.
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Abstract. The proportion and origin of groundwater contribution to streamflow from agricultural catchments is relevant to estimation of the effects of nitrate leached from the soil on the quality of surface waters. This study addresses the partitioning of streamflow contributions from near-surface runoff and from groundwater, each with different contributing land area, on a steep pastoral hillslope in a humid climate. The 3 ha headwater catchment of the perennial Pukemanga Stream, in the North Island of New Zealand, was instrumented for continuous observation of climatic data, streamflow and groundwater level. The dynamics of groundwater levels and groundwater contribution to streamflow were analysed by means of a one-parameter, eigenvalue-eigenfunction description of a 1-D aquifer model. Model results for seven years of daily data predict that 36–44% of the topographical catchment contributes groundwater to the stream. The remaining groundwater generated within the catchment contributes to streamflow outside the catchment. Groundwater was calculated to be 58–83% of observed annual streamflow from the topographical catchment. When the smaller groundwater catchment is taken into account, the groundwater contribution to streamflow is 78–93% on a unit area basis. Concurrent hourly data for streamflow and groundwater levels at two sites indicate the dynamic behaviour of a local groundwater system. Groundwater flow dynamics that support the perennial nature of this headwater stream are consistent with the size of the groundwater body, porosity of the subsurface material, and hydraulic conductivity derived from partitioning of streamflow contributions.
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Zhu, Yonghua, Liliang Ren, Robert Horton, Haishen Lü, Xi Chen, Yangwen Jia, Zhenlong Wang, and E. A. Sudicky. "Estimating the contribution of groundwater to rootzone soil moisture." Hydrology Research 44, no. 6 (January 16, 2013): 1102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.071.
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In the Huaibei Plain basin, China, soybean is a main crop. During the soybean growth period, rainfall can vary largely and depth to watertable can also vary largely. The amount of water supplied to the soybean rootzone by groundwater affects soybean growth and yield. Accurate simulation of groundwater contributions to soybean rootzone soil moisture (groundwater contribution) can be important for determining irrigation to and drainage from soybean fields. Based on field observations and local weather data of 2005, HYDRUS-1D was validated by comparing simulated and measured rootzone soil water contents. The validated model was used to estimate the daily groundwater contributions for three different soybean hydrological growing seasons, i.e., an average year (1997), a wet year (2005), and a dry year (2004) with soybean growth at its optimal state. The main results were: (1) seasonal groundwater contribution was 157 mm in the experimental field, and the estimated groundwater contributions were 158, 222, and 387 mm in the wet, average, and dry seasons, respectively; (2) the groundwater contribution was about 63% of the total seasonal transpiration in the experimental field, and those were about 142, 80, and 66% of the total seasonal transpiration in dry, average, and wet seasons, respectively.
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Lam, A., D. Karssenberg, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, and M. F. P. Bierkens. "Spatial and temporal connections in groundwater contribution to evaporation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 24, 2011): 2621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2621-2011.
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Abstract. In climate models, lateral terrestrial water fluxes are usually neglected. We estimated the contribution of vertical and lateral groundwater fluxes to the land surface water budget at a subcontinental scale, by modeling convergence of groundwater and surfacewater fluxes. We present a hydrological model of the entire Danube Basin at 5 km resolution, and use it to show the importance of groundwater for the surface climate. Results show that the contribution of groundwater to evaporation is significant, and can locally be higher than 30 % in summer. We demonstrate through the same model that this contribution also has important temporal characteristics. A wet episode can influence groundwater contribution to summer evaporation for several years afterwards. This indicates that modeling groundwater flow has the potential to augment the multi-year memory of climate models. We also show that the groundwater contribution to evaporation is local by presenting the groundwater travel times and the magnitude of groundwater convergence. Throughout the Danube Basin the lateral fluxes of groundwater are negligible when modeling at this scale and resolution. This suggests that groundwater can be adequately added in land surface models by including a lower closed groundwater reservoir of sufficient size with two-way interaction with surface water and the overlying soil layers.
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Abbas, Haider, and Ramanathan Sri Ranjan. "Groundwater contribution to irrigated potato production in the Canadian Prairies." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 57, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 1.13–1.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2015.57.1.13.
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Fan, Y., and G. Miguez-Macho. "Potential groundwater contribution to Amazon evapotranspiration." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 30, 2010): 5131–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-5131-2010.
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Abstract. Climate and land ecosystem models simulate a dry-season vegetation stress in the Amazon forest, but observations show enhanced growth in response to higher radiation under less cloudy skies, indicating an adequate water supply. Proposed mechanisms include larger soil water store and deeper roots in nature and the ability of roots to move water up and down (hydraulic redistribution). Here we assess the importance of the upward soil water flux from the groundwater driven by capillarity. We present a map of water table depth from observations and groundwater modeling, and a map of potential capillary flux these water table depths can sustain. The maps show that the water table beneath the Amazon can be quite shallow in lowlands and river valleys (<5 m in 36% and <10 m in 60% of Amazonia). The water table can potentially sustain a capillary flux of >2.1 mm day−1 to the land surface averaged over Amazonia, but varies from 0.6 to 3.7 mm day−1 across nine study sites. Current models simulate a large-scale reduction in dry-season photosynthesis under today's climate and a possible dieback under projected future climate with a longer dry season, converting the Amazon from a net carbon sink to a source and accelerating warming. The inclusion of groundwater and capillary flux may modify the model results.
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Fan, Y., and G. Miguez-Macho. "Potential groundwater contribution to Amazon evapotranspiration." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 10 (October 25, 2010): 2039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2039-2010.
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Abstract. Climate and land ecosystem models simulate a dry-season vegetation stress in the Amazon forest, but observations do not support these results, indicating adequate water supply. Proposed mechanisms include larger soil water store and deeper roots in nature and the ability of roots to move water up and down (hydraulic redistribution), both absent in the models. Here we provide a first-order assessment of the potential importance of the upward soil water flux from the groundwater driven by capillarity. We present a map of equilibrium water table depth from available observations and a groundwater model simulation constrained by these observations. We then present a map of maximum capillary flux these water table depths, combined with the fine-textured soils in the Amazon, can potentially support. The maps show that the water table beneath the Amazon can be shallow in lowlands and river valleys (<5 m in 36% and <10 m in 60% of Amazonia). These water table depths can potentially accommodate a maximum capillary flux of 2.1 mm day−1 to the land surface averaged over Amazonia, but varies from 0.6 to 3.7 mm day−1 across nine study sites. We note that the results presented here are based on limited observations and simple equilibrium model calculations, and as such, have important limitations and must be interpreted accordingly. The potential capillary fluxes are not indicative of their contribution to the actual evapotranspiration, and they are only an assessment of the possible rate at which this flux can occur, to illustrate the power of soil capillary force acting on a shallow water table in fine textured soils. They may over-estimate the actual flux where the surface soils remain moist. Their contribution to the actual evapotranspiration can only be assessed through fully coupled model simulation of the dynamic feedbacks between soil water and groundwater with sub-daily climate forcing. The equilibrium water table obtained here serves as the initial state for the dynamic simulation, and together with the equilibrium potential capillary flux, will serve as a baseline to evaluate the diurnal, event, seasonal and inter-annual dynamics.
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Mustafa, Syed M. Touhidul, M. Moudud Hasan, Ajoy Kumar Saha, Rahena Parvin Rannu, Els Van Uytven, Patrick Willems, and Marijke Huysmans. "Multi-model approach to quantify groundwater-level prediction uncertainty using an ensemble of global climate models and multiple abstraction scenarios." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 2279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2279-2019.
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Abstract. Worldwide, groundwater resources are under a constant threat of overexploitation and pollution due to anthropogenic and climatic pressures. For sustainable management and policy making a reliable prediction of groundwater levels for different future scenarios is necessary. Uncertainties are present in these groundwater-level predictions and originate from greenhouse gas scenarios, climate models, conceptual hydro(geo)logical models (CHMs) and groundwater abstraction scenarios. The aim of this study is to quantify the individual uncertainty contributions using an ensemble of 2 greenhouse gas scenarios (representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5), 22 global climate models, 15 alternative CHMs and 5 groundwater abstraction scenarios. This multi-model ensemble approach was applied to a drought-prone study area in Bangladesh. Findings of this study, firstly, point to the strong dependence of the groundwater levels on the CHMs considered. All groundwater abstraction scenarios showed a significant decrease in groundwater levels. If the current groundwater abstraction trend continues, the groundwater level is predicted to decline about 5 to 6 times faster for the future period 2026–2047 compared to the baseline period (1985–2006). Even with a 30 % lower groundwater abstraction rate, the mean monthly groundwater level would decrease by up to 14 m in the southwestern part of the study area. The groundwater abstraction in the northwestern part of Bangladesh has to decrease by 60 % of the current abstraction to ensure sustainable use of groundwater. Finally, the difference in abstraction scenarios was identified as the dominant uncertainty source. CHM uncertainty contributed about 23 % of total uncertainty. The alternative CHM uncertainty contribution is higher than the recharge scenario uncertainty contribution, including the greenhouse gas scenario and climate model uncertainty contributions. It is recommended that future groundwater-level prediction studies should use multi-model and multiple climate and abstraction scenarios.
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Listyani, T., and I. A. Prabowo. "Groundwater in Bener area, its quality and contribution for agriculture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 985, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/985/1/012028.
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Abstract The existence of surface water is not always sufficient for the needs of the community, also for agricultural needs. Therefore, groundwater can be an alternative water supply in the irrigation system, so it is necessary to assess its quality. Groundwater quality is the result of the interaction of material (soil/rock), the type of flow/transport and the change processes. The results of these components produce different groundwater quality in each region. To assess the groundwater quality in Bener and its surrounding areas, this research was carried out by direct survey in the field and testing the physical/chemical properties of groundwater in the laboratory. Groundwater sampling was carried out at 6 dug wells and 2 springs. The analysis shows that all samples are bicarbonate groundwater types, with variations of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ dominant cations. Groundwater quality shows a pH value of 6.2 - 6.7, TDS of 45 - 306 ppm, hardness of 39.73 - 200.43 ppm, SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) of 12.12 - 76.64, Na% of 19.81 - 62.11, and RSC (Residual Sodium Carbonate) of 0.04 - 1.35. According to its quality, groundwater can be used to support irrigation for agriculture in the area.
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Calles, Ulla Maria. "Deep Groundwater Contribution to a Small Stream." Hydrology Research 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1985.0004.
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The contribution of surface water and groundwater were studied in a small stream in the central part of Sweden using electrical conductivity of water as a tracer. The portion of deep groundwater increases in the downstream direction from approx. 5 % to 20 %.
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Baraer, M., J. M. McKenzie, B. G. Mark, J. Bury, and S. Knox. "Characterizing contributions of glacier melt and groundwater during the dry season in a poorly gauged catchment of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru)." Advances in Geosciences 22 (October 13, 2009): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-41-2009.
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Abstract. The retreat of glaciers in the tropics will have a significant impact on water resources. In order to overcome limitations with discontinuous to nonexistent hydrologic measurements in remote mountain watersheds, a hydrochemical and isotopic mass balance model is used to identify and characterize dry season water origins at the glacier fed Querococha basin located in southern Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Dry season water samples, collected intermittently between 1998 and 2007, were analyzed for major ions and the stable isotopes of water (δ18O and δ2H). The hydrochemical and isotopic data are analysed using conservative characteristics of selected tracers and relative contributions are calculated based on pre-identified contributing sources at mixing points sampled across the basin. The results show that during the dry-season, groundwater is the largest contributor to basin outflow and that the flux of groundwater is temporally variable. The groundwater contribution significantly correlates (P-value=0.004 to 0.044) to the antecedent precipitation regime at 3 and 18–36 months. Assuming this indicates a maximum of 4 years of precipitation accumulation in groundwater reserves, the Querococha watershed outflows are potentially vulnerable to multi-year droughts and climate related changes in the precipitation regime. The results show that the use of hydrochemical and isotopic data can contribute to hydrologic studies in remote, data poor regions, and that groundwater contribution to tropical proglacial hydrologic systems is a critical component of dry season discharge.
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Wang, Ling, and Qing He. "The Evaluation of Groundwater Resources Value of Beijing Based on Emergy Theory." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/743136.
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Accurate yet valid evaluation of values of groundwater resources is difficult. However, it is of an urgent need. Based on water resource system, the emergy synthesis of the ecological economics was used to make a systematic study on the assessment of the quantity of groundwater resources. Taking Beijing in 2012 as an example, the values of groundwater for residents life subsystem, the industrial subsystem, and the agricultural subsystem are 7.64, 6.00, and 3.25 billion Yuan, accounting for 45.24, 35.5, and 19.24% of the total value, respectively. The total value of the underground water accounts for 1.51% of the GDP in Beijing for that year. Meanwhile, Contribution Rate of Groundwater Resources (GWCR) in Beijing decreased in the following order: groundwater contribution rate for industry (GWCRI 4.52%), groundwater contribution rate for agriculture (GWCRA 3.24%), and groundwater contribution rate for residential life (GWCRL 0.71%). The conclusions will provide important basis for the government’s scientific decision to improve the level of comprehensive management of water resource.
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Zhang, Xi, Jiaqi Chen, Jiansheng Chen, Fenyan Ma, and Tao Wang. "Lake Expansion under the Groundwater Contribution in Qaidam Basin, China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071756.
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The relationship between groundwater and lakes in Qaidam Basin is often overlooked. Therefore, we employed Landsat satellite images and meteorological data to investigate the causes of lake expansion through model calculation and statistical analysis and then determine groundwater sources through isotope analysis (2H, 3H, and 18O). In the two study periods of 2003–2011 and 2011–present, temperature, precipitation, and runoff increased at a steady rate, whereas the expansion rate of Tuosu Lake increased from 1.22 km2/yearr to 3.38 km2/yearr. This significant increase in the rate of lake expansion reflects the substantial contribution of groundwater to lake expansion. The groundwater contribution to the lake includes not only the glacial meltwater that infiltrates the piedmont plain but also other, more isotopically deleted water sources from other basins. It is speculated that the 2003 Ms 6.4 earthquake in the northwest of the Delingha region was a possible mechanism for lake expansion. Earthquakes can enhance crustal permeability and keep fractures open, which promotes groundwater contribution to lakes and in turn causes rapid lake expansion and an increased groundwater level. This study is important for understanding the sources, circulation, and evolution of groundwater in Qaidam Basin.
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Kim, Jeonga, Sung-Wook Jeen, Jeonghoon Lee, Kyung-Seok Ko, Dong-Chan Koh, Wonbin Kim, and Hojeong Jo. "Evaluation of Temporal Contribution of Groundwater to a Small Lake through Analyses of Water Quantity and Quality." Water 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102879.
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Groundwater can flow into or out of surface water and thus can greatly affect the quantity and quality of surface water. In this study, we conducted a water quantity and quality analysis for 11 months in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the temporal contribution of groundwater to surface water at Osongji, a small lake located in Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Groundwater fluxes and groundwater and surface water levels were measured using seepage meters and a piezometer, respectively. On-site water quality parameters, cations, and anions for groundwater and surface water were analyzed. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for groundwater, surface water, and rainwater were also analyzed. Groundwater influx did not correlate directly to precipitation, suggesting that it may be delayed after rainwater infiltration. Aqueous chemistry indicated that the hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water were substantially affected by groundwater. The isotopic composition of surface water changed over time, indicating a different contribution of groundwater in different seasons. This study shows that water quantity and quality data can be used in combination to evaluate temporal changes in the groundwater contribution to surface water.
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Sepaskhah, A. R., and Sh Karimi-Goghari. "Shallow groundwater contribution to pistachio water use." Agricultural Water Management 72, no. 1 (March 2005): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.06.003.
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Njoroge, Simon Mburu. "The Contribution of Pesticide Management Practices to Aquifer Vulnerability around Lake Naivasha, Kenya." Journal of Environment 3, no. 1 (April 6, 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/je.1228.
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Purpose: Numerous approaches have been used or proposed for assessing groundwater vulnerability occurring in the vadose zone and groundwater regime, to models that weight critical factors affecting vulnerability through either statistical methods or expert judgment.
Methodology: This study used responses from the personnel handling pesticides in farms around Lake Naivasha basin on pesticide management practices to calculate the value of aquifer vulnerability in the area. This paper did not include hydrogeological and hydrodynamic characteristics of the subsoil, which is the common method.
Findings: The results showed that the contribution of pesticide management practices to aquifer vulnerable in the area was 45.5%. It was concluded that this contribution is quite high, needing the intervention of farm owners, managers and policy makers in order to protect the quality of groundwater in this area.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practice: This Study only used pesticide management practices in order to assess their independent contribution to aquifer vulnerability in the study area. This contribution has often been overlooked. It was clear from this study that pesticide management practices accounted for a higher magnitude of aquifer vulnerability.
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Schmidt, A., J. J. Gibson, I. R. Santos, M. Schubert, K. Tattrie, and H. Weiss. "The contribution of groundwater discharge to the overall water budget of two typical Boreal lakes in Alberta/Canada estimated from a radon mass balance." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-79-2010.
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Abstract. Radon-222, a naturally-occurring radioisotope with a half-life of 3.8 days, was used to estimate groundwater discharge to small lakes in wetland-dominated basins in the vicinity of Fort McMurray, Canada. This region is under significant water development pressure including both oil sands mining and in situ extraction. Field investigations were carried out in March and July 2008 to measure radon-222 distributions in the water column of two lakes as a tracer of groundwater discharge. Radon concentrations in these lakes ranged from 0.5 to 72 Bq/m3, while radon concentrations in groundwaters ranged between 2000 and 8000 Bq/m3. A radon mass balance, used in comparison with stable isotope mass balance, suggested that the two lakes under investigation had quite different proportions of annual groundwater inflow (from 0.5% to about 14% of the total annual water inflow). Lower discharge rates were attributed to a larger drainage area/lake area ratio which promotes greater surface connectivity. Interannual variability in groundwater proportions is expected despite an implied seasonal constancy in groundwater discharge rates. Our results demonstrate that a combination of stable isotope and radon mass balance approaches provides information on flowpath partitioning that is useful for evaluating surface-groundwater connectivity and acid sensitivity of individual water bodies of interest in the Alberta Oil Sands Region.
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Zhu, Meijia, Shiqin Wang, Xiaole Kong, Wenbo Zheng, Wenzhao Feng, Xianfu Zhang, Ruiqiang Yuan, Xianfang Song, and Matthias Sprenger. "Interaction of Surface Water and Groundwater Influenced by Groundwater Over-Extraction, Waste Water Discharge and Water Transfer in Xiong’an New Area, China." Water 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030539.
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Understanding the interaction of surface water and groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities is of great importance for water resource and water quality management. The Xiong’an New Area, located in the North China Plain, has been designated a new building area by China’s government. Groundwater has been over pumped and artificial water was transferred to meet the water supply in this region. Therefore, the natural interaction of surface water and groundwater has been greatly changed and there has been a complex impact of the groundwater from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we used water chemical ions and stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O to assess the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the Xiong’an New Area. We carried out field surveys and water sampling of the Fu River (domestic waste water discharge), Lake Baiyangdian (artificial water transfer), and the underlying groundwater along the water bodies. Results show that the artificial surface water (discharged and transferred) became the major recharge source for the local groundwater due to the decline of groundwater table. We used groundwater table observations, end-member mixing analysis of the stable isotopic composition and chloride tracers to estimate the contributions of different recharge sources to the local groundwater. Due to the over pumping of groundwater, the lateral groundwater recharge was dominant with a contribution ratio ranging from 12% to 78% in the upper reach of the river (Sections 1–3). However, the contribution of lateral groundwater recharge was estimated to be negligible with respect to the artificial water recharge from Lake Baiyangdian. Seepage from the Fu River contributed a significant amount of water to the connecting aquifer, with a contribution ranging from 14% to 75% along the river. The extent of the river influence into the aquifer ranges as far as 1400 m to the south and 400 m to the north of the Fu River. Estimations based on isotopic fractionation shows that about 25% of Lake Baiyangdian water was lost by evaporation. By using the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water, an influencing range of 16 km west of the lake was determined. The interaction of the surface water and groundwater is completely changed by anthropogenic activities, such as groundwater over pumping, waste water discharge and water transfer. The switched interaction of surface water and groundwater has a significant implication on water resources management.
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Iwatake, Kaname, and Akira Ueda. "Geochemical Study on the Annual Variation of Oxygen Isotope and Chemical Composition of Groundwater in the Sho River Alluvium Fan, Toyama, Japan, as an Investigation of Selected Qualitative Aspects of Efficient Utilization of Groundwater Heat." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080352.
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Seasonal variations of water temperature, electric conductivity, and oxygen isotope and chemical composition of shallow groundwaters and river waters were determined in the Sho River alluvial fan, western Toyama Prefecture, Japan, to examine groundwater heat utilization for indoor climate control. Samples were collected at 31 sites every 2 months for 1 year and at 11 representative sites monthly. In addition, the results of monthly precipitation amount and oxygen isotope composition of precipitation collected within the region during the same period were also taken into account. The sources of the shallow groundwaters are a mixture of river water and precipitation. The contribution of precipitation to groundwater is generally small along the Sho River but reaches as much as 80% along the Oyabe River and in the south and west of the alluvial fan. Though the origin of the groundwater differs regionally, water temperature is fixed at around 15 °C throughout the year in the northern part of the alluvial fan, and open-type ground source heat pump systems can be used for cooling and heating there, if adequate quantitative aquifer properties (exploitable groundwater amounts) are present.
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Schmidt, A., J. J. Gibson, I. R. Santos, M. Schubert, and K. Tattrie. "The contribution of groundwater discharge to the overall water budget of Boreal lakes in Alberta/Canada estimated from a radon mass balance." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 4 (July 21, 2009): 4989–5018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-4989-2009.
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Abstract. Radon-222, a naturally-occurring radioisotope with a half-life of 3.8 days, was used to estimate groundwater discharge to small lakes in wetland-rich basins in the vicinity of Fort McMurray, Alberta, a region under significant water development pressures including both oil sands mining and in situ extraction. A program of field investigations was carried out in March and July 2008 using a Durridge RAD-7® and RAD Aqua® to measure radon-222 activity distributions in dissolved gas in the water column of two lakes as a tracer of groundwater discharge in the timeframe of 4 half-lives (15 days). Radon activity concentrations in lakes was found to range from 0.5 to 72 Bq/m3, compared to radon activity concentrations in groundwaters, measured using a RAD H2O, in the range of 2000–8000 Bq/m3. Radon mass balance, used in comparison with stable isotope mass balance, suggested that the two lakes under investigation had quite different proportions of annual groundwater inflow, one being close to 0.5% of annual inflow and the other about 14%, with lower values in the former attributed to a larger drainage area/lake area ratio which promotes greater surface connectivity. Interannual variability in groundwater proportions is expected despite constancy of groundwater discharge rates due to observed variability in annual surface runoff. Combination of stable isotope and radon mass balance approaches provides information on flowpath partitioning that is useful for evaluating surface-groundwater connectivity and acid sensitivity of individual water bodies of interest in the Alberta Oil Sands Region.
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Palupi, Riana, Agus M. Ramdhan, and Rusmawan Suwarman. "Contribution of Groundwater to River Discharge in the Mampang Sub-watershed." International Journal of Science and Society 5, no. 3 (June 23, 2023): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i3.718.
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Water is a necessity of human life. In fulfilling this need, the use of groundwater is often used. Groundwater is a non-renewable resource. Jakarta is a city traversed by many rivers and has a morphological dependence on the upstream watershed (DAS) in the Jabodetabek Region. The research location is in the Mampang Sub-watershed, which is in the Jakarta and Depok areas. The Mampang sub-watershed is geographically located at 106°48'44" - 106°49'59" East Longitude and 6°15'4" - 6°22'17" South Latitude. The problem in the research of the Mampang Sub-watershed often experiences floods every year with a height of between 10 cm - 50 cm. The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater-surface water interaction during a flood event at the study site. The method used is by collecting primary data and secondary data, then simulating using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) and SWAT-MODFLOW. The SWAT MODFLOW simulation results obtained 874 river grids with Groundwater Surface Water Exchange Rates (GWSER) values in February 2020 between 52 m3/day to 353 m3/day and in September 2019 between -74 m3/day to 26 m3/day. The contribution of groundwater can be analyzed by comparing the river discharge in a certain month with the GSWER value for that month. The contribution of groundwater to the monthly peak discharge of the river at the study site ranges from 0.24% to 5.27%, and the average contribution of groundwater is 2.48%.
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Rivard, Christine, Harold Vigneault, Andrew R. Piggott, Marie Larocque, and François Anctil. "Groundwater recharge trends in CanadaGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20090009." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 11 (November 2009): 841–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-056.
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Groundwater plays a major role in social and economic development and in human and ecosystem health. However, little is known about the potential impacts of climate change on this resource in Canada, namely if groundwater recharge is increasing or decreasing over time. This paper focuses on trend statistical analysis of historical series of baseflow and groundwater levels and their field significance as indicators of recharge. Monitoring wells are mainly located in the southern half of western Canada, where few gauging stations either are available or provide significant trends. Both data sets are thus complementary. Results show that most available groundwater level series have significant trends (80%), whereas most available baseflow series have not (3%–33%). However, groundwater level series usually show smaller slope magnitudes than baseflow series. Mixed trends are often observed across Canada for a given variable, period, or series length, although some regions can have marked trends. For instance, values below the 55°N latitude, and especially values in Atlantic Canada, show mostly downward trends (decreasing recharge). Values north of the 55° parallel often show upward trends. All groundwater level results are field significant at the 10% level, versus only 35% for baseflow results, but they show mixed results. Baseflow values show a majority of downward trends for annual values and the summer period for 40- and 50-year series, thus showing field significance, whereas mixed results are observed for 30-year series and the spring, fall, and winter seasons.
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Larocque, M., V. Fortin, M. C. Pharand, and C. Rivard. "Groundwater contribution to river flows – using hydrograph separation, hydrological and hydrogeological models in a southern Quebec aquifer." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 8, 2010): 7809–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-7809-2010.
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Abstract. Groundwater contribution to river flows, generally called base flows, often accounts for a significant proportion of total flow rate, especially during the dry season. The objective of this work is to test simple approaches requiring limited data to understand groundwater contribution to river flows. The Noire river basin in southern Quebec is used as a case study. A lumped conceptual hydrological model (the MOHYSE model), a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and hydrograph separation are used to provide estimates of base flow for the study area. Results show that the methods are complementary. Hydrograph separation and the MOHYSE surface flow model provide similar annual estimates for the groundwater contribution to river flow, but monthly base flows can vary significantly between the two methods. Both methods have the advantage of being easily implemented. However, the distinction between aquifer contribution and shallow subsurface contribution to base flow can only be made with a groundwater flow model. The aquifer renewal rate estimated with the MODFLOW model for the Noire River is 30% of the recharge estimated from base flow values. This is a significantly difference which can be crucial for regional-scale water management.
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Nakamura, Takashi, Kei Nishida, and Futaba Kazama. "Influence of a dual monsoon system and two sources of groundwater recharge on Kofu basin alluvial fans, Japan." Hydrology Research 48, no. 4 (August 17, 2016): 1071–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.208.
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This study investigates the contribution ratios of different groundwater recharge sources and influence of a dual monsoon system in Kofu basin, central Japan, through the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of precipitation, river water, and groundwater. The study is focused on the area of the Kamanashigawa and Midaigawa alluvial fans, which are formed by two main rivers. Precipitation isotopic content exhibits significant seasonal variability. Also, river water presents d-excess values higher than annual precipitation at plain areas (9 and 10‰), suggesting that two different air-masses contribute to precipitation, corresponding to the monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. The results of this study allow estimation of relative contributions of different sources to groundwater and influence of a dual monsoon system. The mass-balance analysis of the δ18O to identify the groundwater source indicates the river water contributes 38–100% of the recharge, while precipitation contributes 29–62% in Kamanashigawa alluvial fan. In the case of Midaigawa alluvial fan, river water contributes 77–99% in the northern part; in the southern side, 30–93% of contribution comes from precipitation. The mass-balance analysis of the d-excess indicates pre-monsoon precipitation contributes 46–68% and 39–65% to groundwater of the Kamanashigawa and Midaigawa alluvial fans, respectively.
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Gebrehiwet, Michiele, Nata T. Tafesse, Solomon Habtu, Berhanu F. Alemaw, Kebabonye Laletsang, and Reneilwe Lasarwe. "The Contribution of Groundwater to the Salinization of Reservoir-Based Irrigation Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030512.
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This study evaluates the cause of salinization in an irrigation scheme of 100 ha supplied from a reservoir. The scheme is located in Gumselasa catchment (28 km2), Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. The catchment is underlain by limestone–shale–marl intercalations with dolerite intrusion and some recent sediments. Water balance computation, hydrochemical analyses and irrigation water quality analyses methods were used in this investigation. Surface waters (river and reservoir) and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The water table in the irrigated land is ranging 0.2–2 m below the ground level. The majority of groundwater in the effective watershed area and the river and dam waters are fresh and alkaline whereas in the command area the groundwater is dominantly brackish and alkaline. The main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater in the effective watershed area are Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3, Ca-Na- HCO3-SO4, and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. The river and dam waters are Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4 and HCO3-SO4-Cl types, respectively. In the command area the main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater are Ca-Na-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. Irrigation water quality analyses revealed that salinity and toxicity hazards increase from the effective watershed to the irrigated land following the direction of the water flow. The results also showed that the analyzed waters for irrigation purpose had no sodicity hazard. The major composition controlling mechanisms in the groundwater chemistry was identified as the dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate weathering, and cation exchange. One of the impacts of the construction of the dam in the hydrologic environment of the catchment is on its groundwater potential. The dam is indirectly recharging the aquifers and enhances the groundwater potential of the area. This increment of availability of groundwater enhanced dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and gypsum), silicate weathering and cation exchange processes, which are the main causes of salinity in the irrigated land. The rising of the brackish groundwater combined with insufficient leaching contributed to secondary salinization development in the irrigated land. Installation of surface and subsurface drainage systems and planting salt tolerant (salt loving) plants are recommended to minimize the risk of salinization and salt accumulation in the soils of the irrigated land.
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Fiebig, Douglas M. "Groundwater discharge and its contribution of dissolved organic carbon to an upland stream." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 134, no. 2 (July 20, 1995): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/134/1995/129.
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Soleimani-Motlagh, Mahdi, Hoda Ghasemieh, Ali Talebi, Khodayar Abdollahi, and Walter Dragoni. "Groundwater budget deficit caused by drought and overexploitation." Water Supply 20, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.193.
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Abstract Groundwater is generally influenced by overexploitation and climatic stresses particularly in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. The present research was conducted to identify the relative contribution of drought and overexploitation to groundwater budget deficit in an unconfined aquifer system. In order to simulate groundwater, the simulated recharge from WetSpass-M model was applied in the MODFLOW model along with other required packages. Moreover, the groundwater budget deficit caused by stressors was quantified through the use of calibrated groundwater model predictions. In order to better understand how the stressors affect the groundwater deficit, the aquifer was divided into Clusters 1, 2, and 3. Locally, the results showed that the contribution of stressors to groundwater budget deficit was the highest in Cluster 1 due to the groundwater overexploitation and quick reaction of the groundwater level to the droughts. Overall, this research showed that both drought and overexploitation, with an average of 2.44 and 3.32 million cubic meters, respectively, played a significant role in groundwater storage deficit. Furthermore, the effect of groundwater overexploitation was approximately 36% more than droughts.
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Coleman, Daniel J., Alexander S. Kolker, and Karen H. Johannesson. "Submarine groundwater discharge and alkaline earth element dynamics in a deltaic coastal setting." Hydrology Research 48, no. 5 (September 13, 2016): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.285.
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Submarine groundwater discharge is a process that is often considered negligible in deltaic systems given their low gradient and fine-grained sediment. However, hydrologic budgets and radon surveys indicate that it may be a significant component of the Mississippi River Delta system. To more concretely indicate groundwater's contribution to the local environment, we conducted an analysis of estuarine water chemistry. We focused on the mid-weight alkaline earth metals, which differ significantly in the system's three end-members: river, ocean, and groundwater. We found an anomaly of barium in the estuaries, which could not be completely explained by desorption. Through the construction of a three-end-member mixing model, groundwater was estimated to comprise 14–28% of Terrebonne and Barataria Bay estuarine water, which corresponds to a combined discharge of 160–480 m3/s. This groundwater discharge helps explain the hydrologic budget of the system, and could influence the chemistry of these large deltaic estuaries.
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KAWABATA, Junichi. "Foreword on special contribution of Tunnel and Groundwater." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 62, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh.62.255.
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Schultz, Colin. "Groundwater depletion's contribution to sea level rise increasing." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 45 (November 8, 2011): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo450013.
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Nan, Tian, and Wengeng Cao. "Effect of Ecological Water Supplement on Groundwater Restoration in the Yongding River Based on Multi-Model Linkage." Water 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020374.
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Evaluating the effect of ecological water supplement on groundwater restoration quantitatively could produce positive contributions to both water cycle theory and surface–groundwater conjunctive management. Therefore, in this paper, a groundwater flow numerical model has been established after calculating the river section seepage rate using a fuzzy mathematical method in the Yongding River channel. The simulated results show that the model could accurately reflect the real groundwater dynamic features. Then, a data-driven random forest(RF) model has been established to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the factors which influence the groundwater level variation. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE) of the RF model is 0.93. It shows excellent ability to identify the rising zone of groundwater level. The study shows that the infiltration capacity is strong in the upstream area of the Yongding River, and the seepage rate is over 0.7. The lowest seepage rate is 0.19 at the downstream end, while the seepage rate in the middle area is basically between 0.4 and 0.7. From 2018 to 2019, the ecological water supplement of the Yongding River has played a significant role in raising the groundwater level along the river channel. Additionally, its contribution analyzed by the RF model to the change of groundwater level is 25%. Groundwater exploitation is the most important variable affecting the groundwater level variation. The impact depth of groundwater level fluctuation reaches about 10 m. The impact range where the groundwater level average uplifts 1.86 m is 502.13 km2. The influence direction gradually changes from around the ecological water supplement section to along the Yongding River channel. The groundwater level variation along the tangential direction of the Yongding River is slowing down. The groundwater level would entirely uplift with 170 × 106 m3/year ecological water supplement of the Yongding River and 35.77 × 106 m3/year groundwater mining reduction in the downstream area until 2035.
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Hernández-Antonio, A., J. Mahlknecht, C. Tamez-Meléndez, J. Ramos-Leal, A. Ramírez-Orozco, R. Parra, N. Ornelas-Soto, and C. J. Eastoe. "Groundwater flow processes and mixing in active volcanic systems: the case of Guadalajara (Mexico)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 24, 2015): 3937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3937-2015.
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Abstract. Groundwater chemistry and isotopic data from 40 production wells in the Atemajac and Toluquilla valleys, located in and around the Guadalajara metropolitan area, were determined to develop a conceptual model of groundwater flow processes and mixing. Stable water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) were used to trace hydrological processes and tritium (3H) to evaluate the relative contribution of modern water in samples. Multivariate analysis including cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to elucidate distribution patterns of constituents and factors controlling groundwater chemistry. Based on this analysis, groundwater was classified into four groups: cold groundwater, hydrothermal groundwater, polluted groundwater and mixed groundwater. Cold groundwater is characterized by low temperature, salinity, and Cl and Na concentrations and is predominantly of Na-HCO3-type. It originates as recharge at "La Primavera" caldera and is found predominantly in wells in the upper Atemajac Valley. Hydrothermal groundwater is characterized by high salinity, temperature, Cl, Na and HCO3, and the presence of minor elements such as Li, Mn and F. It is a mixed-HCO3 type found in wells from Toluquilla Valley and represents regional flow circulation through basaltic and andesitic rocks. Polluted groundwater is characterized by elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations and is usually derived from urban water cycling and subordinately from agricultural return flow. Mixed groundwaters between cold and hydrothermal components are predominantly found in the lower Atemajac Valley. Twenty-seven groundwater samples contain at least a small fraction of modern water. The application of a multivariate mixing model allowed the mixing proportions of hydrothermal fluids, polluted waters and cold groundwater in sampled water to be evaluated. This study will help local water authorities to identify and dimension groundwater contamination, and act accordingly. It may be broadly applicable to other active volcanic systems on Earth.
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David, Katarina, Wendy Timms, Catherine E. Hughes, Jagoda Crawford, and Dayna McGeeney. "Application of the pore water stable isotope method and hydrogeological approaches to characterise a wetland system." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 11 (November 26, 2018): 6023–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6023-2018.
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Abstract. Three naturally intact wetland systems (swamps) were characterised based on sediment cores, analysis of surface water, swamp groundwater, regional groundwater and pore water stable isotopes. These swamps are classified as temperate highland peat swamps on sandstone (THPSS) and in Australia they are listed as threatened endangered ecological communities under state and federal legislation. This study applies the stable isotope direct vapour equilibration method in a wetland, aiming at quantification of the contributions of evaporation, rainfall and groundwater to swamp water balance. This technique potentially enables understanding of the depth of evaporative losses and the relative importance of groundwater flow within the swamp environment without the need for intrusive piezometer installation at multiple locations and depths. Additional advantages of the stable isotope direct vapour equilibration technique include detailed spatial and vertical depth profiles of δ18O and δ2H, with good accuracy comparable to other physical and chemical extraction methods. Depletion of δ18O and δ2H in pore water with increasing depth (to around 40–60 cm depth) was observed in two swamps but remained uniform with depth in the third swamp. Within the upper surficial zone, the measurements respond to seasonal trends and are subject to evaporation in the capillary zone. Below this depth the pore water δ18O and δ2H signature approaches that of regional groundwater, indicating lateral groundwater contribution. Significant differences were found in stable pore water isotope samples collected after the dry weather period compared to wet periods where recharge of depleted rainfall (with low δ18O and δ2H values) was apparent. The organic-rich soil in the upper 40 to 60 cm retains significant saturation following precipitation events and maintains moisture necessary for ecosystem functioning. An important finding for wetland and ecosystem response to changing swamp groundwater conditions (and potential ground movement) is that basal sands are observed to underlay these swamps, allowing relatively rapid drainage at the base of the swamp and lateral groundwater contribution. Based on the novel stable isotope direct vapour equilibration analysis of swamp sediment, our study identified the following important processes: rapid infiltration of rainfall to the water table with longer retention of moisture in the upper 40–60 cm and lateral groundwater flow contribution at the base. This study also found that evaporation estimated using the stable isotope direct vapour equilibration method is more realistic compared to reference evapotranspiration (ET). Importantly, if swamp discharge data were available in combination with pore water isotope profiles, an appropriate transpiration rate could be determined for these swamps. Based on the results, the groundwater contribution to the swamp is a significant and perhaps dominant component of the water balance. Our methods could complement other monitoring studies and numerical water balance models to improve prediction of the hydrological response of the swamp to changes in water conditions due to natural or anthropogenic influences.
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Lalot, E., F. Curie, V. Wawrzyniak, S. Schomburgk, H. Piegay, and F. Moatar. "Quantification of the Beauce's Groundwater contribution to the Loire River discharge using satellite infrared imagery." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2015): 2047–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-2047-2015.
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Abstract. Seven Landsat Thermal InfraRed (TIR) images, taken over the period 2000–2010, were used to establish longitudinal temperature profiles of the middle Loire River, where it flows above the Beauce aquifer. Results showed that 75% of the temperature differences, between in situ observations and TIR image based estimations, remained within the ±1 °C interval. The groundwater discharge along the River course was quantified for each identified groundwater catchment areas using a heat budget based on the Loire River temperature variations, estimated from the TIR images. The main discharge area of the Beauce aquifer into the Loire River was located between river kilometers 630 and 650. This result confirms what was obtained using a groundwater budget and spatially locates groundwater input within the Middle sector of the Loire River. According to the heat budgets, groundwater discharge is higher during winter period (13.5 m3 s−1) than during summer (5.3 m3 s−1). Groundwater input is also higher during the flow recession periods of the Loire River.
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Zhang, Yuliang, Yuliang Zhou, Shangming Jiang, Shaowei Ning, Juliang Jin, Yi Cui, Zhiyong Wu, and Huihui Feng. "A Simulation Study Using Machine Learning and Formula Methods to Assess the Soybean Groundwater Contribution in a Drought-Prone Region." Water 14, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 3092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193092.
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Groundwater contributes to the delivery of phreatic water to crop aeration zones via evapotranspiration, which is important for crop growth in drought-prone regions. Most studies on groundwater contribution have not considered the influence of crop growth stage or daily evapotranspiration. In this study, a neural network based on a genetic algorithm and the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm, as well as formula methods based on an accelerated genetic algorithm, were built to assess soybean groundwater contribution; in addition, a performance comparison was conducted. The results indicated that machine learning had the best performance for fitting errors, with values for relative mean error (RME), root mean square percentage error (RMSPE), and correlation coefficient of 1.088, 2.165, and 0.762, respectively; in addition, for validation errors, it had values for RME, RMSPE, and correlation coefficient of 1.069, 2.136, and 0.735, respectively. The machine learning method is recommended for readers seeking to calculate groundwater contribution.
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Middleton, M. A., D. M. Allen, and P. H. Whitfield. "Comparing the groundwater contribution in two groundwater-fed streams using a combination of methods." Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 41, no. 4 (August 14, 2015): 554–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2015.1068136.
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Iverach, Charlotte P., Dioni I. Cendón, Karina T. Meredith, Klaus M. Wilcken, Stuart I. Hankin, Martin S. Andersen, and Bryce F. J. Kelly. "A multi-tracer approach to constraining artesian groundwater discharge into an alluvial aquifer." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 11 (November 28, 2017): 5953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5953-2017.
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Abstract. Understanding pathways of recharge to alluvial aquifers is important for maintaining sustainable access to groundwater resources. Water balance modelling is often used to proportion recharge components and guide sustainable groundwater allocations. However, it is not common practice to use hydrochemical evidence to inform and constrain these models. Here we compare geochemical versus water balance model estimates of artesian discharge into an alluvial aquifer, and demonstrate why multi-tracer geochemical analyses should be used as a critical component of water budget assessments. We selected a site in Australia where the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), the largest artesian basin in the world, discharges into the Lower Namoi Alluvium (LNA), an extensively modelled aquifer, to convey the utility of our approach. Water stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) and the concentrations of Na+ and HCO3− suggest a continuum of mixing in the alluvial aquifer between the GAB (artesian component) and surface recharge, whilst isotopic tracers (3H, 14C, and 36Cl) indicate that the alluvial groundwater is a mixture of groundwaters with residence times of < 70 years and groundwater that is potentially hundreds of thousands of years old, which is consistent with that of the GAB. In addition, Cl− concentrations provide a means to calculate a percentage estimate of the artesian contribution to the alluvial groundwater. In some locations, an artesian contribution of up to 70 % is evident from the geochemical analyses, a finding that contrasts with previous regional-scale water balance modelling estimates that attributed 22 % of all inflow for the corresponding zone within the LNA to GAB discharge. Our results show that hydrochemical investigations need to be undertaken as part of developing the conceptual framework of a catchment water balance model, as they can improve our understanding of recharge pathways and better constrain artesian discharge to an alluvial aquifer.
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Duranel, Arnaud, Julian R. Thompson, Helene Burningham, Philippe Durepaire, Stéphane Garambois, Robert Wyns, and Hervé Cubizolle. "Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 291–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-291-2021.
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Abstract. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling from the underlying weathered granite formations – mostly an approximately 55 m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of 40.2 % of total inflows. However, most of this originates from groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small non-channelised valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and weathered granite formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning demonstrated that groundwater upwelling was the most important factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire. Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and overland boundary inflows quickly leave the wetland as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate was larger than zero in September. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to the assumed small contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard-rock regions, groundwater upwelling from underlying weathered formations can be a quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have important legal and management implications.
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LaBaugh, James W., Donald O. Rosenberry, and Thomas C. Winter. "Groundwater contribution to the water and chemical budgets of Williams Lake, Minnesota, 1980–1991." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-075.
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Groundwater seepage was the largest annual flux of water into (58–76%) and out of (73–83%) Williams Lake during a 12-year study, during which the entire volume of the lake was replaced four times. The only other water fluxes to and from the lake, which has no surface-water inlet or outlet, were atmospheric precipitation and evaporation. Nearly all of the annual input of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, and silica was provided by groundwater. Although much of the calcium and most of the silica input was retained in the lake, this retention did not result in increased chemical mass in the lake water mass because biologically mediated removal of calcium and silica to the sediments equaled or exceeded loss by lake seepage to groundwater. Groundwater represented as much as one-half the annual hydrological input of phosphorus and nitrogen; the remainder was supplied by atmospheric precipitation. From about 70 to 90% of the annual input of phosphorus and nitrogen was retained in the lake. Although water and chemical fluxes varied from year to year, interaction of the lake with groundwater determined the hydrological and chemical characteristics of Williams Lake.
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Karlović, Igor, Tamara Marković, and Tatjana Vujnović. "Groundwater Recharge Assessment Using Multi Component Analysis: Case Study at the NW Edge of the Varaždin Alluvial Aquifer, Croatia." Water 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010042.
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Exploring the interaction between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater has been a key subject of many studies dealing with water quality management. The Varaždin aquifer is an example of an area where high nitrate content in groundwater raised public concern, so it is important to understand the aquifer recharge for proper management and preservation of groundwater quality. The NW part of the Varaždin aquifer has been selected for study area, as precipitation, Drava River, accumulation lake, and groundwater interact in this area. In this study, groundwater and surface water levels, water temperature, water isotopes (2H and 18O), and chloride (Cl−) were monitored in precipitation, surface water, and groundwater during the four-year period to estimate groundwater recharge. Head contour maps were constructed based on the groundwater and surface water levels. The results show that aquifer is recharged from both Drava River and accumulation lake for all hydrological conditions–low, mean, and high groundwater levels. The monitoring results of water temperature, chloride content, and stable water isotopes were used as tracers, i.e. as an input to the mixing model for estimation of the contribution ratio from each recharge source. The calculation of mixing proportions showed that surface water is a key mechanism of groundwater recharge in the study area, with a contribution ratio ranging from 55% to 100% depending on the proximity of the observation well to surface water.
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Defourny, Agathe, Frédéric Nguyen, Arnaud Collignon, Patrick Jobé, Alain Dassargues, and Thomas Kremer. "Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium." Water 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051394.
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CO 2 -rich mineral groundwaters are of great economic and touristic interest but their origin and circulation paths in the underground are often poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the system plumbery and the development of non—to minimally—invasive near-surface geophysical methods for the prospection of potential productive areas is therefore of great interest to manage future supply. The objective of this contribution is to assess the ability of the time-domain induced polarization (TDIP) method, combined with the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method, to make the distinction between CO 2 -rich groundwater from non-gaseous groundwater. Three combined ERT/TDIP tomographies were performed above known uplift zones in the south-east of Belgium where thousands of CO 2 -rich groundwater springs exist. On all profiles, important contrasts in both electrical resistivity and chargeability distributions were observed in the vicinity of the upflow zone, also reflected in the normalized chargeability sections computed from the measured data. Low resistivity vertical anomalies extending in depth were interpreted as a saturated fracture network enabling the upflow of deep groundwater to the surface. High chargeability anomalies appearing directly close to the CO 2 -rich groundwater springs were inferred to metallic oxides and hydroxides precipitation in the upper part of the aquifer, linked to pressure decrease and changing redox conditions in the up-flowing groundwater approaching the land surface. The combined interpretation of electrical resistivity and induced polarization datasets provides a very promising method for a robust prospection of CO 2 -rich groundwater.
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Paznekas, Andrius, and Masaki Hayashi. "Groundwater contribution to winter streamflow in the Canadian Rockies." Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 41, no. 4 (July 13, 2015): 484–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2015.1060870.
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Li, HaiLong, and JiuJimmy Jiao. "Quantifying tidal contribution to submarine groundwater discharges: A review." Chinese Science Bulletin 58, no. 25 (August 2, 2013): 3053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-5951-7.
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Christoffersen, Poul, Marion Bougamont, Sasha P. Carter, Helen A. Fricker, and Slawek Tulaczyk. "Significant groundwater contribution to Antarctic ice streams hydrologic budget." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 6 (March 26, 2014): 2003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059250.
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Chen, Zi, Quanping Zhou, Jinsong Lv, Yuehua Jiang, Hai Yang, Hui Yang, Shijia Mei, et al. "Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using APCS-MLR Model: A Case Study in the Pilot Promoter Region of Yangtze River Delta Integration Demonstration Zone, China." Water 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020225.
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Groundwater contaminant source identification is an endeavor task in highly developed areas that have been impacted by diverse natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In this study, groundwater samples from 84 wells in the pilot promoter region of the Yangtze River Delta integration demonstration zone in eastern China were collected and then analyzed for 17 groundwater quality parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was utilized to recognize the natural and anthropogenic aspects impacting the groundwater quality; furthermore, the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model was employed to quantify the contribution of potential sources to each groundwater quality parameter. The results demonstrated that natural hydro-chemical evolution, agricultural activities, domestic sewage, textile industrial effluent and other industrial activities were responsible for the status of groundwater quality in the study area. Meanwhile, the contribution of these five sources obtained by the APCS-MLR model were ranked as natural hydro-chemical evolution (18.89%) > textile industrial effluent (18.18%) > non-point source pollution from agricultural activities (17.08%) > other industrial activities (15.09%) > domestic sewage (4.19%). It is believed that this contaminant source apportionment result could provide a reliable basis to the local authorities for groundwater pollution management.
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Rosenberg, E. A., E. A. Clark, A. C. Steinemann, and D. P. Lettenmaier. "On the contribution of groundwater storage to interannual streamflow anomalies in the Colorado River basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 18, 2013): 1475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1475-2013.
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Abstract. We assess the significance of groundwater storage for seasonal streamflow forecasts by evaluating its contribution to interannual streamflow anomalies in the 29 tributary sub-basins of the Colorado River. Monthly and annual changes in total basin storage are simulated by two implementations of the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrology model – the standard release of the model, and an alternate version that has been modified to include the SIMple Groundwater Model (SIMGM), which represents an unconfined aquifer underlying the soil column. These estimates are compared to those resulting from basin-scale water balances derived exclusively from observational data and changes in terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. Changes in simulated groundwater storage are then compared to those derived via baseflow recession analysis for 72 reference-quality watersheds. Finally, estimates are statistically analyzed for relationships to interannual streamflow anomalies, and predictive capacities are compared across storage terms. We find that both model simulations result in similar estimates of total basin storage change, that these estimates compare favorably with those obtained from basin-scale water balances and GRACE data, and that baseflow recession analyses are consistent with simulated changes in groundwater storage. Statistical analyses reveal essentially no relationship between groundwater storage and interannual streamflow anomalies, suggesting that operational seasonal streamflow forecasts, which do not account for groundwater conditions implicitly or explicitly, are likely not detrimentally affected by this omission in the Colorado River basin.
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Rosenberg, E. A., E. A. Clark, A. C. Steinemann, and D. P. Lettenmaier. "On the contribution of groundwater storage to interannual streamflow anomalies in the Colorado River basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 11 (November 23, 2012): 13191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-13191-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We assess the significance of groundwater storage for seasonal streamflow forecasts by evaluating its contribution to interannual streamflow anomalies in the 29 tributary sub-basins of the Colorado River. Monthly and annual changes in total basin storage are simulated by two implementations of the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrology model – the standard release of the model, and an alternate version that has been modified to include the SIMple Groundwater Model (SIMGM), which represents an unconfined aquifer underlying the soil column. These estimates are compared to those resulting from basin-scale water balances derived exclusively from observational data and changes in terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. Changes in simulated groundwater storage are then compared to those derived via baseflow recession analysis for 72 reference-quality watersheds. Finally, estimates are statistically analyzed for relationships to interannual streamflow anomalies, and predictive capacities are compared across storage terms. We find that both model simulations result in similar estimates of total basin storage change, that these estimates compare favorably with those obtained from basin-scale water balances and GRACE data, and that baseflow recession analyses are consistent with simulated changes in groundwater storage. Statistical analyses reveal essentially no relationship between groundwater storage and interannual streamflow anomalies, suggesting that operational seasonal streamflow forecasts, which do not account for groundwater conditions implicitly or explicitly, are likely not detrimentally affected by this omission in the Colorado River basin.
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Antonio Giusti, Donizeti. "Forecast and Prevention Processes for Groundwater Exploitation in Curitiba, Brazil." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 11 (December 1, 1991): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0352.
Full textAbstract:
Geological studies were made as a contribution to planning the future urban and industrial occupation of Curitiba area - PR. Geophysical and hydrogeological studies showed: the structural geology and geological contacts; the watertable and groundwater flow direction; topographical configuration of the underling crystalline basement. The listing of different land uses and their locations represents an aid to the diagnosis, forecast and prevention process of groundwater degradation. By means of the superposition of land use and territory occupation maps and geological and hydrogeological maps, recommendations are made to alter the present urban and industrial occupation forms. This research represents a tentative contribution to the groundwater exploitation and urban development of the Curitiba area.
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Kim, G., H. Lee, Y. Lim, M. Jung, and D. Kong. "Baseflow contribution to nitrates in an urban stream in Daejeon, Korea." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.245.
Full textAbstract:
It is a well-known fact that baseflow discharge of rainfall runoff significantly impacts the quality of surface water. In this paper, the impact of nitrates discharged as baseflow on stream water quality were studied using PULSE, a hydrograph separation software developed by USGS, to calculate the monthly baseflow discharge. We took water quality and flow rate data from a monitoring station site (code: Ghapcehon2) in Daejeon city and acquired 2005 groundwater quality data in the watershed from government agencies. Agricultural and forestry land use are dominant in the area. The baseflow contributes 85%–95% of stream flows during the spring and fall, 25%–38% during the summer and winter. The monthly nitrate loading discharged as baseflow for Ghapcheon2 was estimated by using monitored nitrate concentrations of groundwater in the watershed. Nitrate loading induced by baseflow at Ghapcheon2 was estimated as 5.4 tons of NO3−-N/km2, which is about 60% of nitrate loading of surface water, or 9.2 tons of NO3−-N/km2. This study shows that groundwater quality monitoring is important for proper management of surface water quality.