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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ground water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 May 2024

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1

Vionnet, Leticia Beatriz 1960. "Modeling of ground-water flow and surface water/ground-water interactions of the San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278134.

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Ground-water exploitation in the Upper San Pedro Basin has produced the formation of a cone of depression around the Sierra Vista-Fort Huachuca area. A portion of the mountain front recharge that otherwise would reach the San Pedro River is being intercepted by pumping, and portions of baseflow are being captured by pumping. The purpose of this study is to construct a simulation model capable of simulating the ground-water system as well as the ground-water-surface water interactions. The flow simulation was done by a three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) that incorporates a new stream-aquifer interaction package. Steady state simulations were performed to represent mean annual conditions. Transient simulations cover a 48 year period, starting in 1940 and ending in 1988. A sensitivity analysis of the steady state model was also performed.

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2

Cairampoma, Arroyo Alberto, and Vega Paul Villegas. "Legal regime ground water in Peru." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108913.

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This article studies the legal regime of groundwater by analyzing the context of integrated water resources management and recognizing its definition and characteristics.Furthermore, it analyses the ownership of ground water, the planning regime applicable, the exploration and exploitation activities, their authorization certificates, the activity of supervision over them, and finally the article describes the special schemes for management and limitation recognized in Peruvian law.
En el presente artículo se estudia el régimen jurídico de las aguas subterráneas, analizando el marco de la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos y reconociendo su definición y particularidades.Asimismo, se analiza la titularidad de las aguas subterráneas, el régimen de planificación aplicable, las actividades de exploración y explotación, sus títulos habilitantes, la actividad de supervisión que sobre ellas recae, para finalmente, dejar anotados los regímenes especiales de gestión y limitación reconocidos en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano.

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3

Narayan, Raghu B. (Raghu Bangalore) 1977. "Wireless sensor network for ground-water monitoring." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84823.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.
Leaf 78 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-77).
by Raghu B. Narayan.
M.Eng.

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4

Vaschenko, Nataliya. "Quality and ecological state of ground water." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13585.

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5

Halstead, John Michael. "Managing ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54787.

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Ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates poses potential adverse health effects to a large segment of the rural population of the United States. Contamination is especially prevalent in livestock intensive areas, which produce large quantities of animal waste with substantial nitrogen content. In this study, potential management strategies for reducing nitrate contamination of ground water from agricultural sources were examined using an economic-physical model of a representative dairy farm in Rockingham County, Virginia. A mixed integer programming model with stochastic constraints on nitrate loading to ground water and silage production was used to simulate the impacts of various nitrate loading reduction strategies on estimated farm level net returns over variable costs. A survey of all dairy operations in the county was conducted to assist in specifying the mathematical programming model, identify current nutrient management and quality issues, and gauge farmers’ attitudes toward ground water quality and agricultural chemical use. Results of the model indicate that substantial reductions in current nitrate loadings are possible with relatively minor impacts on farmers’ net returns through the use of currently practiced approaches of cost sharing for manure storage facility construction and nutrient management planning. Greater loading reductions are achievable through presently untried policies of land use restrictions, bans on purchase of commercial fertilizer, and imposition of standards on loadings to ground water. These reductions are achieved, however, at higher costs in terms of reduced net returns. Study results indicate that a wide range of policy options exist for reducing nitrate loading to ground water; these reductions, while varying in cost, do not appear to come at the expense of eliminating the economic viability of the county dairy sector. Model results indicate that reductions in nitrate loading of 40 to 70 percent (on average) could be achieved with reductions in farmers’ net returns of one to 19 percent, respectively, when cost sharing for manure storage construction was provided. Explicit consideration was given to the annual variability in nitrate loading due to weather and other factors. The result was higher policy costs than when average loadings alone were considered.
Ph. D.

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6

Howcroft, William. "Ground Water Flow and Water Resources Investigation of the Auburn, Summers and Shakertown Springs Karst Ground Water Basins, Logan and Simpson Counties, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1992. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1426.

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The City of Auburn is faced with a number of problems relating to its dependency on two karst springs, Auburn and Summers Springs, to meet its water requirements. Besides being extremely vulnerable to contamination, the springs often discharge and insufficient volume of water needed for public consumption and dilution of the City’s treated wastewater. Thus the City wishes to find an additional source of water and views nearby Shakertown Spring as a possibility. The study has three main objectives: 1) delineation of the Auburn, Summers, and Shakertown Springs ground water basins, 2) determination of the volume of available water at each spring, and 3) investigation of additional potential water supplies as alternatives to the use of Shakertown Spring. A well survey and karst hydrogeological inventory, supplemented by dye tracing, were conducted to reveal water table information necessary for ground water basin delineation and construction of a potentiometric map. Water monitoring stations were constructed at the three springs, discharge measurements performed and stage monitored over a fifteen month period. The Auburn, Summers, and SHakertown Springs Karst Ground Water Basins are estimated to possess areas of 9.74, 3.49 and 19.02 square miles (25.23, 9.04, and 49.26 square kilometers) respectively. Summers Spring was found to have an estimated base flow discharge of 1 – 2 cubic feet per second (cfs) (0.03 – 0.06 cubic meters per second (cms)) and Shakertown Spring an estimated base flow discharge of 8 – 9 cfs (0.2-0.3 cms). Estimation of base flow discharge at Auburn Spring was not possible due to the location of the City’s water intake pipe at the spring head. However, a minimum discharge of .22 cfs (0.01 cms) was recorded on thirteen separate occasions during the period monitored. Five alternatives for the City of Auburn, including Shakertown Spring and two additional, though smaller, water sources are presented. The best source of water for the City must be decided with consideration of cost and need. A potentiometric map depicting ground water basins, water table contours and subsurface flow routes is presented as a tool for the City of Auburn to aid in decisions regarding its water resources.

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7

Coes, Alissa L., and Alissa L. Coes. "A GEOCHEMICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINE GROUND-WATER FLOW PATTERNS IN THE SIERRA VISTA BASIN, ARIZONA, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON GROUND-WATER/SURFACE-WATER INTERACTION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622969.

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Water quality in the Sierra Vista Ground-Water Basin is of extreme importance due to the basin's unique ecosystem and predicted future population growth. Portions of the Upper San Pedro River, flowing through the Sierra Vista Basin, contain some of the few remaining perennial streamflows in the southwest. Baseflow in the perennial reaches of the river are maintained almost entirely by the regional and floodplain aquifer systems. A population increase is predicted for the Sierra Vista Basin, and an impact on groundwater quality and availability can be expected. Due to the closely linked hydrologic systems within the basin, contamination or depletion of the regional aquifer could have direct implications for the San Pedro River. Water samples were collected within the study area from the regional and floodplain aquifers, the San Pedro River, and a bedrock spring in the Huachuca Mountains. Samples were analyzed for field parameters, major-ions, and stable isotopes to describe the main chemical characteristics of the hydrologic systems within the basin. Analysis of regional aquifer geochemistry indicates a ground-water system strongly controlled by calcite precipitation. Specific conductance, deuterium and oxygen-18 values indicate a mixing of regional-aquifer ground water and San Pedro River surface water within the floodplain aquifer. Estimates of inflow to perennial reaches of the floodplain aquifer from the regional aquifer vary from 50 to 80%, depending on location. Inflow to the San Pedro River at Charleston from the regional aquifer is estimated to be about 50 to 70% of the stream discharge.

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8

Baize, David. "A “Drastic” Evaluation of the Ground-Water Pollution Potential of Karst Terrain: Lost River Ground-Water Basin, Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1889.

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Karst terrains, such as the Lost River Karst Ground-Water Basin, are extremely vulnerable to ground-water contamination. Seven physical factors: depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, are evaluated using the DRASTIC system to determine the ground-water pollution potential of the study area. A numerical value is calculated for each of the seven factors, and a map layer for each factor is produced. These layers are then “added” together to produce a DRASTIC ground-water pollution potential map. The effectiveness of each factor in evaluating the pollution potential of karst terrain is discussed. It was determined that small scale hydrogeologic features unique to karst areas provide significant influences on contaminant transport that are not addressed by the DRASTIC methodology. Therefore, it is recommended that modifications to the DRASTIC system be made by the users of the DRASTIC system when evaluating the pollution potential of a karst terrain.

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9

McCary, John. "Incorporating surficial aquifer ground-water fluxes into surface-water resource management studies." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001095.

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10

Rosenberry, Donald O. "Influence of fluvial processes on exchange between ground water and surface water." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284456.

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11

Aubin, Eric. "Impact of water table management on ground water contamination by two herbicides." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55410.

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Two field investigations were undertaken to study the role of water table management in reducing herbicide pollution of ground water. One of the three-year studies (1992-1995) was conducted in a sandy field near Joliette (Laurin farm), (Quebec) to monitor the herbicide metribuzin where potatoes were grown. Two water table management systems were evaluated, namely subsurface drainage and subirrigation. Soil and ground water samples were taken at two week intervals, once before and six times after the herbicide application.
The amount of rainfall received in the first few weeks following herbicide application is crucial in assessing the extent of ground water contamination. In 1992, fewer rainfall events occurred after the application as compared to 1993, so metribuzin leached slowly. In 1992, it appears that subirrigation reduced ground water contamination by a factor of 10 through enhanced degradation and the greater effect of dilution. However, the role of subirrigation in reducing the metribuzin contamination of ground water was negligible in 1993 due to considerable leaching soon after the application.
The second project was conducted in an organic soil in St-Patrice-de-Sherrington (Van Winden farm) where the herbicide prometryn was studied. Surface irrigation with a controlled water table was also used as a water table management system. One experimental unit was used for each of the three treatments (subirrigation, surface irrigation and subsurface drainage).
The herbicide application rate was greater at the Van Winden farm than in the Laurin farm (5.5 kg/ha versus 1.0 kg/ha). However, a higher adsorption coefficient of the organic soil minimized the leaching process. Ground water contamination was less extensive in the organic deposit. The effect of subirrigation in reducing ground water contamination was significant when the water table was shallow. Prometryn degradation was relatively slow during the summer. Moreover, significant amounts of prometryn carried-over into the soil after the winter season, so it appears to be a quite persistent herbicide in our climate.

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12

Alsaeedi, Abdullah Hassan. "Utilizing ground water contributions to resolve irrigation water shortage in Al-Hassa." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262511.

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13

Anderson, Jacob. "Geochemical Tracers of Surface Water and Ground Water Contamination from Road Salt." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3313.

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Thesis advisor: Rudolph Hon
The application of road de-icers has lead to increasing solute concentrations in surface and ground water across the northern US, Canada, and northern Europe. In a public water supply well field in southeastern Massachusetts, USA, chloride concentrations in ground water from an unconfined aquifer have steadily risen for the past twenty years. The objectives of this study are to understand spatial and temporal trends in road salt concentrations in order to identify contamination sources and fate. To this end, the methods of this project include field and lab work. Water samples were collected from surface, near-surface, and ground water from March 2012 to March 2013. The other major field data are specific conductance measurements from probes located in three piezometers. In the lab, all samples were analyzed for major ions with ion chromatography analysis. Additionally, trace elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma analysis on a subset of samples. The results of these hydrogeochemical procedures showed several important trends. First, the highest concentrations of sodium and chloride from near-surface samples were located near to roadways. Second, ground water samples taken from glacial sediments contained relatively high concentrations throughout the water column, whereas ground water samples from wetlands had high concentrations only near the surface. Third, there was no clear relationship between pH and cation concentrations. Finally, specific conductance data showed strong seasonal trends near to the surface, whereas values taken from deeper in the aquifer were steadily increasing. Based on these results, it is highly probable that road salt application is the dominate contamination source. The pathways of road salt in the watershed include runoff into surface water and infiltration into the vadose zone and ground water. Road salt appears to preferentially travel through glacial features rather than floodplain features. It is possible that sodium from road salt is sorbed to aquifer sediment and displaces other cations. However, the low values of trace metals suggest that cation exchange is not mobilizing heavy metals. Finally, the increasing specific conductance values deep in the aquifer suggest that road salt is retained within the aquifer and concentrations will likely increase in the future if the current road salt application procedures are continued
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences

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14

Chang, Kuet Shian. "Overview of water treatment process in Sarawak using peat and ground water." Thesis, Chang, Kuet Shian (2003) Overview of water treatment process in Sarawak using peat and ground water. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39187/.

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Water is one of the more important natural resources of mankind, in its natural form contains impurity. The method used to treat water into potable form involves complex and diverse technologies, depending on the nature of water; the treatment can be simple filtration or complex involving chemicals and extensive infrastructure. Surface water from peat source and ground water are harder to treat to potable standards compared to other water source. Peat water is characterized by high colour, low pH and turbidity with pungent smell while groundwater contains high manganese, iron and other volatile gases. This paper gives an overview of the State of Sarawak current treatment processes for peat and groundwater, investigates the treated water quality, and recommends improvements and enhancement of the current processes and practice based on emerging technologies. The data for the assessment are obtained form Public Works Departments records and the Public Health Section of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The high residue aluminium of the treated water quality suggests that the current conventional processes cannot treat peat water efficiently and effectively. The recommendations for improvement and enhancement are divided into treatment plant operations, treatment processes, water quality monitoring and regionalization of treatment plants. The limitations are the reliability of the records and the year assessed is only 2000 and 2001. A number of future research projects are identified.

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15

Agrawala, Gautam Kumar. "Regional ground water interpretation using multivariate statistical methods." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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16

Robinson, Michael A. "A finite element model of submarine ground water discharge to tidal estuarine waters." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-154502/.

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17

Hadley, Heidi K. "Hydrochemical Definition of Ground Water and Surface Water, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Ground-Water Salinity in Southern Juab Valley, Juab County, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6706.

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As part of a U.S. Geological Survey study in Juab Valley in central Utah from 1991 to 1994, the chemistry of ground - and surface -water samples was determined. Total dissolved solids in the ground water of southern Juab Valley have historically been higher , in general, than ground water in other areas of Utah . Total dissolved solids for ground-water samples from this study ranged from 623 to 3,980 milligrams/liter. High-sulfate chemical data of previous studies suggested that the major source of ground-water salinity is the dissolution of gypsum (hydrous calcium sulfate ) from the Arapien Shale. Sulfur-34 to sulfur- 32 isotopic ratio data have confirmed that dissolved Arapien Shale is the major source of salinity in southern Juab Valley water. This thesis study of southern Juab Valley had four main objectives: 1) define the present chemistry of the ground and surface water; 2) qualitatively determine the mineralogy of the Middle Jurassic Arapien Shale; 3) determine the major sources of salinity; and 4) determine the main flow path in the ground-water system. Chemical data show that the water in southern Juab Valley is predominantly of a calcium-magnesium-sulfate-bicarbonate composition. X-ray diffraction determined the mineralogy of the Arapien Shale as primarily calcite and quartz. Mineralogy of the acid-insoluble residue is illite, chlorite, quartz, and a trace of feldspar. Based on chemical, isotopic, and simple salt weight percent data, dissolution of gypsum is the major source of salinity in southern Juab Valley water. Using the chemical and isotopic data as input , a mass balance computer software program (NETPATH) helped to determine that the gypsum is derived from the Arapien Shale . NETPATH and the potentiometric surface map helped to define the main ground-water flow path as southwest across southern Juab Valley, from Chicken Creek in the San Pitch Mountains on the east side of the valley toward Chick Creek Reservoir in the southwest part of the valley.

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18

Uhlman, Kristine, Chris Jones, and Rachel Hill. "Well Owners' Guide to Ground Water Resources in Gila County." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146957.

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6 pp.
Well Owners' Guide to Ground Water Resources in Yavapai County. AZ1451
Private well owners are responsible for the safety and quality of their water supply. The nearly 6,000 exempt wells in Gila County are not regulated by any state or federal agency, and lot splits and subdivisions may result in an unregulated water supply serving several homes. This publication is one in a series of county-based publications that identifies well maintenance and testing procedures for the well owner, with an emphasis on water quality concerns for Gila County.

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19

Cannell, Simon. "Buffer zones, ground water quality and ditch-water eutrophication in a lowland mire." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388117.

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20

Uhlman, Kristine. "Arsenic in Arizona Ground Water -- Source and Transport Characteristics." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146413.

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4 pp.
Following on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Arsenic Rule" decision to require public water systems to lower the allowable arsenic content in drinking water from 50 parts per billion (ppb) to 10 ppb by January 23, 2006, private well owners across the state have realized the importance of testing their own water supply for arsenic. Under Arizona law, it is the sole responsibility of the private well owner to determine the quality (potability) of their private well water. This article discusses the geologic prevelance of arsenic across the state, and options available to the well owner to address this water quality concern. Expected to be the first in a 3-part series on ground water quality issues common in Arizona.

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21

Pessaran, G. "Origin of mine water." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384796.

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22

Zhang, Di. "Measurement of Soil Water Content Using Ground Penetrating Radar." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99347.

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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an effective tool to measure the geological properties. A lot of information can be interpreted from the GPR data, such as soil water content. One of the common approaches is to determine the apparent electrical permittivity from the transmission velocity of the impulse electromagnetic wave, and to use empirical relationships to estimate the soil water content. For example, Ferre equation & Topp equation are all expressing the relationship between soil water content and electrical permittivity. However, this method has some limitations; most notably the necessity to determine the velocity from a known depth to a reflecting surface. Therefore, another approach using the frequency dependent attenuation represented by a parameter called Q* was tested and studied in this thesis. The Q* method was evaluated using laboratory measurements, which consists of a series of experiments. A new empirical model was established using experiments where Q* was estimated from measurements on a soil sample with known water contents using two types of antennas (1.6 GHz & 2.3 GHz). Finally, the adaptability of Topp equation and Ferre equation were verified, and a new empirical equation was defined. What’s more, the other method using Q* was proved to be feasible.

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23

Bennett, Kathryn C. (Kathryn Condreay). "Desorption/Diffusion of Benzene After Simulated Ground Water Remediation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500458/.

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A study was undertaken to examine the desorption/ iffusion of benzene after simulated ground water remediation in aquifer material of differing carbon content using column experiments and comparing the results to batch experiments and adsorption empirical relationships. It was hypothesized that the organic carbon of the aquifer material will affect desorption/diffusion. Results from the column experiment indicated no significant difference in the increase benzene concentrations after remediation between aquifer materials of differing carbon content, however, a significant increase in benzene concentration was observed for all aquifer material. Fair agreement of retardation factors was observed between empirical relationships and batch and column experiments. However, the desorption phase of the batch experiment showed hysteresis and seemed to differ from the column experiment.

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24

Prudic, David E. "Evaluating cumulative effects of ground-water withdrawals on streamflow." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3258837.

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Colgan, Gary A. "Estimating surface/ground-water mixing using stable environmental isotopes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0042_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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26

Montague, David Joel. "Managing agricultural contamination of ground water: the institutional framework." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43408.

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27

Yan, Yuejun. "Abiotic remediation of ground water contaminated by chlorinated solvents /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508372653.

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28

Best, Daniel. "GWVis a tool for comparative ground-water data visualization /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/D_Best_032909.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in computer science)--Washington State University, May 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 11, 2009). "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-47).

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29

DeCook, K. J., and L. G. Wilson. "Ground-Water Recharge from Urban Runoff and Irrigation Returns." Water Resources Research Center. The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/314278.

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No date on item.
Preliminary information on urban runoff from selected small watersheds in the Tucson area indicates that average annual runoff from the urbanized areas is more than four times as much as that of a comparable undeveloped desert area, and may be ten times as much in some individual years. The urban runoff contains relatively high concentrations of bacterial loading and dissolved organics; although it is not now known to be a seriously hazardous source of pollutants in ground water, urban runoff should be monitored with increasing urban growth, especially for content of organics, microorganisms, and trace metals. Additional study also should be given to the travel-time regime of runoff from the small tributary urban watershed to the major stream channels where recharge mainly occurs. Deep percolation from irrigation return flows was evaluated during a one -year study for the U.S. Geological Survey's "Southwest Alluvial Basin, Regional Aquifer System Assessment Program". Objectives of the study included (1) identifying sources of recharge information, (2) collecting and summarizing available recharge information, (3) identifying methods for interbasin transference of recharge values, (4) characterizing deep percolation models, and (5) itemizing methods for overcoming data gaps. Apparently there is a difference in opinion among irrigation experts on the extent to which recharge from deep percolation occurs. One reason for the difference of opinion is that field measurements of the flux and velocity components of deep percolation through the vadose zone are scarce, particularly for deep alluvial basins. Similarly, there is a need for a simple, theoretically-based model of deep percolation /recharge. Many of the data deficiencies could be overcome by conducting lumped and site-specific field studies. Such studies, although expensive, would be timely in light of the current interest in ground-water management.

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Pullan, Stephanie. "Modelling of pesticide exposure in ground and surface waters used for public water supply." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8605.

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Diffuse transfers of pesticides from agricultural land to ground and surface waters can lead to significant drinking water quality issues. This thesis describes the development and application of a parameter-efficient, numerical model to predict pesticide concentrations in raw water sources within an integrated hydrological framework. As such, it fills an unoccupied niche that exists in pesticide fate modelling for a computationally undemanding model that contains enough process complexity to be applicable in a wide range of catchments and hydrogeological settings in the UK and beyond. The model represents the key processes involved in pesticide fate (linear sorption and first-order degradation) and transport (surface runoff, lateral throughflow, drain flow, percolation to the unsaturated zone, calculated using a soil water balance) in the soil at a daily time step. Soil properties are derived from the national soil database for England and Wales and are used to define the boundary conditions at the interface between the subsoil and the unsaturated zone. This is the basis of the integrated hydrological framework which enables the application of the model to both surface water catchments and groundwater resources. The unsaturated zone model accounts for solute transport through two flow domains (accounting for fracture flow and intergranular matrix flow) in three hydrogeological settings (considering the presence and permeability of superficial deposits). The model was first applied to a small headwater sub-catchment in the upper Cherwell. Performance was good for drainflow predictions (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency > 0.61) and performed better than the MACRO model and as well as the modified MACRO model. Surface water model performance was evaluated for eight pesticides in five different catchments. Performance was generally good for flow prediction (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency > 0.59 and percentage bias below 10 %, in the validation period for all but two catchments). The 90th percentile measured concentration was captured by the model in 62 % of catchment-pesticide combinations. In theremaining cases predictions were within, at most, a factor of four of measured 90th percentile concentrations. The rank order of the frequency of pesticides detected over 0.1 μg L-1 was also predicted reasonably well (Spearman’s rank coefficient > 0.75; p < 0.05 in three catchments). Pesticide transport in the unsaturated zone model was explored at the point scale in three aquifers (chalk, limestone and sandstone). The results demonstrate that representing the unsaturated zone processes can have a major effect on the timing and magnitude of pesticide transfers to the water table. In comparison with the other catchment scale pesticide fate models that predict pesticide exposure at a daily time-step, the model developed stands out requiring only a small number of parameters for calibration and quick simulation times. The benefit of this is that the model can be used to predict pesticide exposure in multiple surface and groundwater resources relatively quickly which makes it a useful tool for water company risk assessment. The broad-scale approach to pesticide fate and transport modelling presented here can help to identify and prioritise pesticide monitoring strategies, to compare catchments in order to target catchment management and to highlight potential problems that could arise under different future scenarios.

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31

Wells, David Alan. "Radon properties, chemistry and occurrence with emphasis on ground water." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020026/.

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32

Haque, Khondoker Emamul. "Evaluation of ground water potential, its quality and management in the Terai area of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/828.

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33

Abdulameer, Saif. "Field Validation of Zero Energy Lab Water-to-Water Ground Coupled Heat Pump Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849702/.

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Heat pumps are a vital part of each building for their role in keeping the space conditioned for the occupant. This study focuses on developing a model for the ground-source heat pump at the Zero Energy lab at the University of North Texas, and finding the minimum data required for generating the model. The literature includes many models with different approaches to determine the performance of the heat pump. Each method has its pros and cons. In this research the equation-fit method was used to generate a model based on the data collected from the field. Two experiments were conducted for the cooling mode: the first one at the beginning of the season and the second one at the peak of the season to cover all the operation conditions. The same procedure was followed for the heating mode. The models generated based on the collected data were validated against the experiment data. The error of the models was within ±10%. The study showed that the error could be reduced by 20% to 42% when using the field data to generate the model instead of the manufacturer’s catalog data. Also it was found that the minimum period to generate the cooling mode model was two days and two hours from each experiment, while for the heating mode it was four days and two hours from each experiment.

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34

Zwierschke, Kerry Hughes. "IMPACT OF TURFGRASS SYSTEMS ON THE NUTRIENT STATUS OF SURFACE WATER, AND GROUND WATER." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235150457.

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35

Vionnet, Leticia Beatriz, and Thomas Maddock. "Modeling of Ground-Water Flow and Surface/Ground-Water Interaction for the San Pedro River Basin Part I Mexican Border to Fairbank, Arizona." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614152.

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Many hydrologic basins in the southwest have seen their perennial streamflows turn to ephemeral, their riparian communities disappear or be jeopardized, and their aquifers suffer from severe overdrafts. Under -management of ground -water exploitation and of conjunctive use of surface and ground waters are the main reasons for these events.

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36

Vionnet, Leticia Beatriz, Thomas III Maddock, and David C. Goodrich. "Investigations of stream-aquifer interactions using a coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615700.

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A finite element numerical model is developed for the modeling of coupled surface-water flow and ground-water flow. The mathematical treatment of subsurface flows follows the confined aquifer theory or the classical Dupuit approximation for unconfined aquifers whereas surface-water flows are treated with the kinematic wave approximation for open channel flow. A detailed discussion of the standard approaches to represent the coupling term is provided. In this work, a mathematical expression similar to Ohm's law is used to simulate the interacting term between the two major hydrological components. Contrary to the standard approach, the coupling term is incorporated through a boundary flux integral that arises naturally in the weak form of the governing equations rather than through a source term. It is found that in some cases, a branch cut needs to be introduced along the internal boundary representing the stream in order to define a simply connected domain, which is an essential requirement in the derivation of the weak form of the ground-water flow equation. The fast time scale characteristic of surface-water flows and the slow time scale characteristic of ground-water flows are clearly established, leading to the definition of three dimensionless parameters, namely, a Peclet number that inherits the disparity between both time scales, a flow number that relates the pumping rate and the streamflow, and a Biot number that relates the conductance at the river-aquifer interface to the aquifer conductance. The model, implemented in the Bill Williams River Basin, reproduces the observed streamflow patterns and the ground-water flow patterns. Fairly good results are obtained using multiple time steps in the simulation process.

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37

Kikuchi, Colin. "Spatially Telescoping Measurements for Characterization of Ground Water - Surface Water Interactions along Lucile Creek, Alaska." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202976.

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A new spatially telescoping approach was proposed to improve measurement flexibility and account for hydrologic scale in field studies of groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interaction. We applied this spatially telescoping approach in a study GW-SW interactions along Lucile Creek, Alaska. Catchment-scale data were used to screen areas of potentially significant GW-SW exchange, indicating groundwater contribution from a deeper regional aquifer along the middle to lower reaches of the stream. This initial assessment was tested using reach-scale estimates of groundwater contribution during base flow conditions. The reach-scale measurements indicated a large increase in discharge along the middle reaches of the stream accompanied by a shift in chemical composition towards a regional groundwater end member. Point measurements of vertical water fluxes were used to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of GW-SW exchange within representative reaches. The spatially telescoping approach identified locations of GW-SW exchange and improved interpretation of reach-scale and point-scale measurements.

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38

Robinson, J. Mike. "Chemical and Hydrostratigraphic Characterization of Ground Water and Surface Water Interactions in Cache Valley, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6717.

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A series of five east-west and two north-south hydrostratigraphic cross sections were drawn from drillers' logs of water wells within the southern half of Cache Valley, Utah. These cross-sections demonstrate that ground water flow to streams is restricted by a continuous low- II permeability layer, nearly 100-feet thick. This layer was correlated to the lake-bottom deposits of the Bonneville (30,000 -13,000 years ago) and Little Valley (140,000 - 90,000 years ago) cycles of the ancient Lake Bonneville. The most productive aquifers in the valley, collectively termed the principal aquifer , are in the southeast corner , approximately between Smithfield and Hyrum, and between the eastern valley margin and the valley center. Sands and gravels of the principal aquifer were deposited as alluvial fans and deltas by streams draining the Bear River Range. Ground water chemistry in the principal aquifer system is of the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type with total dissolved solids (TDS) averaging about 300 ± 100 mg/L. TDS and the relative proportions of sodium, potassium, and chloride increase down flowpath, from recharge areas in the east to discharge areas in the west. Oxygen-18 (18O) and deuterium (D) analyses were performed on precipitation samples at three locations on the east valley benches, four surface water samples from streams entering the valley, and fourteen ground water samples from either wells or springs. Precipitation and surface water values generally plotted along the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), although the precipitation values plotted significantly lower on the GMWL than the surface water values. Of the ground water samples, twelve from the principal aquifer generally clustered near the surface water data points, suggesting that water from streams, rather than infiltrating precipitation, recharges the principal aquifer. Twelve ground water samples were analyzed for tritium. The tritium values of eight samples from wells or springs in the principal aquifer suggest recharge after 1952. Two samples with tritium values dating prior to 1952 are from wells in the principal aquifer, and two are from wells west of the principal aquifer. Four samples were analyzed for 14C. Two of these wells were completed in the principal aquifer and two west of it. Correcting for partial carbon dilution, the age difference between the different areas is on the order of tens of thousands of years.

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39

Woolfenden, Linda Rae. "Application of a new model for ground-water age distributions /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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40

Battermann, Astrid. "Mathematical optimization methods for the remediation of ground water contaminations." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963762184.

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41

Harmal, Mohamed Saad, and Mohamed Saad Harmal. "Modeling of ground-water flow for the Amran Valley basin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626815.

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The 800 km2 Amran Valley is a basin lying in an intermountain graben produced by tectonic movement associated with the Red Sea rifting. The basin is filled by quaternary alluvial deposits to depths of300 m. The Amran Valley quaternary section constitutes the region's only known aquifer, the Valley aquifer. Groundwater occurs under water table conditions (unconfined aquifer) in the uppermost layer and under artesian conditions (semi-confined aquifer) for the lower layer. The aquifers are replenished underflow from wadis and surface inflow. The Valley aquifer suffers from severe overdrafts, which caused depressed water levels in the whole aquifer. Constructing a numerical flow model for (simulating) steady-state and transient-state conditions to better understand the hydro logic system of the basin is the main objective of this study. The steady-state condition was run for 1973 to produce the annual initial heads for that year, which was used as initial configuration heads for the transient-state conditions for the period 197 4 to 1977. Annual outflows as underflow from the basin to Wadi Attaf were estimated at 5.5 Mm3/year (NORDEP). The ground-water losses were estimated as 42% (NORDEP) from the total pumped irrigation, which is considered a low estimation, and it is increased to 60%. The surface recharge to the aquifer was estimated as 11 Mm3/year (NORDEP); it is considered high estimation and is reduced to 0.5 Mm3/year. Further investigations are needed to improve the steady-state model and recalibrate transient simulation for predicting responses of the hydro logic system to climate and anthropogenic stresses for the last time. Improved information on hydraulic parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are needed to improve the model.

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42

Uhlman, Kristine, and Rachel Hill. "Well Owners' Guide to Ground Water Resources in Yavapai County." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146412.

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7 pp.
First in a planned series for each county in the state.
Limited information is available to the County Extension offices to address common concerns of water supply in rural Arizona. In addition, in the more metropolitan areas of the state, little is understood about water resources. This project is proposed to provide a ten to twelve page primer on water resources on a county-by-county basis, beginning with Yavapai County.

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43

Conner, Leslee Lynn 1957. "Geochemistry of ground water in Avra Valley, Pima County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191892.

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A geochemical evaluation of the ground water in Avra Valley, Arizona using major ions and the stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18 verifies that ground-water recharge from the surrounding mountains is negligible and that most ground water enters the valley as underflow from Altar Valley. Primarily granitic sediments result in soft waters with elevated pH in southern Avra Valley. Increasing sedimentary mineralization in northern reaches produces slightly harder waters. Elevated nitrate in the ground water results from intense local agriculture; uneven distribution of nitrate and corresponding ground-water mounding suggest leakage around irrigation well casings as the primary pathway for nitrates to the ground water.

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44

Nevulis, R., D. Davis, S. Sorooshian, and R. Wolford. "Analysis of Natural Ground-water Level Variations for Aquifer Conceptualization." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296397.

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From the Proceedings of the 1987 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association, Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and the Arizona Hydrological Society - April 18, 1987, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
Missing pages 49 & 50 from original
Statistical evaluations of time-series ground-water level data can be used to infer ground-water flow concepts. Advantages of such passive methods of analysis may include relative simplicity, low cost, and avoidance of disturbances typically associated with stress testing of aquifers. In this analysis, selected statistical methods were used to draw inferences on the characteristics of an aquifer within the Columbia River basalts in the Pasco Basin of southcentral Washington. This information will be used in developing a conceptual model of ground water flow and in the planning of future hydrologic field investigations.

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45

Van, Metre Peter Chapman 1956, and Metre Peter Chapman 1956 Van. "Flow and water quality relations between surface water and ground water in the Puerco River basin near Chambers, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277926.

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The Puerco River is an ephemeral stream that received effluent from uranium-mine dewatering operations from the 1950's until 1962 and from 1968 until mining ceased in 1986. Flow and water-quality relations between the Puerco River and the alluvial aquifer underlying it were investigated at a site near Chambers. Data collection included installing and sampling nine monitor wells and two drive points; monitoring stage and sampling surface water; and slug testing wells. The stream recharges the alluvial aquifer during periods of flow and the streambed is a location of ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration during periods of no flow. Discharge by evapotranspiration may exceed recharge thus reducing the potential for contaminant movement away from the river by advective transport. Geochemical modeling indicates that uranium minerals are undersaturated in the range in Eh observed. A +0.84 correlation was calculated relating dissolved uranium concentration to depth in monitor wells suggesting the stream is a source of uranium to the alluvial aquifer. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

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46

Green, Jena M. "The effects of a detention basin on localized ground-water flux." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433294.

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47

Basu, Shreejita. "Bioremediation of BTEX polluted soil water systems under varying environmental conditions." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2016. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8194.

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48

Fleming, Brandon J. "Effects of anthropogenic stage fluctuations on surface water/ground water interactions along the Deerfield River, Massachusetts." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/226/.

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49

Holden, Patrick W. "Pesticides and ground-water quality in four states issues and problems /." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_363_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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50

Eyres, M. D. "Aspects of the distribution of water beetles and ground beetles (Coleoptera)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332348.

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