Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ground improvement applications

Academic literature on the topic 'Ground improvement applications'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ground improvement applications"

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Raju, Venu R., and Jonathan Daramalinggam. "Ground improvement: principles and applications in Asia." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 165, no. 2 (May 2012): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.10.00033.

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Che Lat, Diana, Nazri Ali, Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed Jais, Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus, Roslizayati Razali, and Adrina Rosseira Abu Talip. "A review of polyurethane as a ground improvement method." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, no. 1 (February 2, 2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n1.1235.

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Ground improvement based on lightweight materials is commonly applied as a method to overcome the problem related to excessive and differential settlement. The application of polyurethane (PU) as a ground improvement work currently increases in demand due to its well performance in many ground improvement projects. The properties and strength of different types of PU available in the market, together with the safety issues and precautions are highlighted in this paper. Due to its lightweight properties, buoyancy behavior of the lightweight foam often causes uplift which jeopardize the stability of the existing structure. Since it is applied in the ground, awareness on PU degradation needs to be emphasized. The suitability and applications of PU as one of alternative method for ground improvement works are also highlighted in this paper.
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Shuplik, Mikhail, and Petr Nikolaev. "Advanced ground freezing method and its applications in underground construction." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926504021.

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During underground construction works in complex geological environment, special ground improvement techniques have to be used. One of them is artificial ground freezing (AGF). It can be applied in diverse projects in dense populated urban areas that place constraints on an application of other ground improvement methods. In Russia in the late 1980th was developed one new method of ground freezing. It uses solid carbon dioxide (SCD) that is loaded directly into freeze pipes, where it sublimates. As the result, the quite low temperature of freezing can be achieved easily. In this article are discussed several first application cases of this method. The results of these projects allow SCD freezing became widely used ground improvement method in Russia.
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Vojtasik, Karel, Milan Chodacki, and Tomas Hochsmann. "Ground Improvement by a Nonparallel Layout of Soil Nails." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.447.

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Soil nails are components retaining a ground to give it support particular in cases when the ground doesn’t satisfy fully the requirements and it is expected an excessive deformation or the worst a collapse. Today in all geotechnical applications the soil nails are arranged in the simplest way i.e. they are all parallel and almost perpendicular the boundary face of the ground body to be bound. Submitted article is a feasibility study on application the soil nails in another a nonparallel scheme of nails arrangement. The nails are located in two closely adjacent parallel plains. The nails are inclined in each plain with regard to a boundary face of the ground body and the nail inclination heads in opposite direction in each plain. This way the nails build up a quasi-web scheme in the ground. Article analyzes the effect of the quasi-web scheme nails arrangement on the ground and looks for an exact solution to evaluate effect on ground strength and strain behavior. The force balance approach is employed for the exact analysis.
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Munfakh, G. A. "Ground improvement in transportation projects: from old visions to innovative applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 7, no. 2 (April 2003): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2003.7.2.47.

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Chun, Byung-Sik, and Dong-Seong Ryu. "A study on applications of polyurethane injection material for ground improvement." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 4, no. 2 (June 2000): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02830823.

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Suryawanshi, M. P., Raju Narwade, and Karthik Nagrajan. "Optimisation of Cost in Ground Improvement for Upcoming Navi Mumbai International Airport." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f3061.0810621.

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This study aimed to optimise the cost of ground improvement by considering the residual settlement in marshy lands for development of new International airport by applying the appropriate treatment to overcome the issues that meets cost and time. Globally the increasing demands of trading and servicing activities require the development of an International airport in major cities. The Mumbai is one of the biggest commercial destinations of our country also necessitates the development of another airport besides the existing airport in the region. From the past few decades, researches and studies show various ways of ground improvements for the airport area in coastal regions. This study shows the cost optimization of ground improvement work by adopting the end on dumping of locally available blasted rocks instead of ground improvement techniques. This study works on principle that stone is puncturing to the very soft to soft clay and at the same time clay are getting displaced thus, effective thickness of clay is getting reduced. The objectives of this study are to optimize the cost of ground improvement and reduce the residual settlement of airport land in coastal regions. Adopting of end on dumping methods is appropriate in view of cost and feasibility of site than the ground improvement techniques. The cost of end on dumping is Thirty-six percent less than the stone columns technique. It can be concluded that for future ground development projects filling of stones by the end of the dumping method can be considered as the appropriate solution concerning time and cost.
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Khinda, Jaspal Singh, Malay Ranjan Tripathy, and Deepak Gambhir. "Improvement in Depth of Return Loss of Microstrip Antenna for S-Band Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 04 (December 6, 2017): 1850058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500585.

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For S-band applications, a microstrip fractal antenna is designed by extending narrow impedance bandwidth into wide impedance bandwidth with use of partial ground plane. In the designed fractal antenna, the six elliptical slots in ground plane and two elliptical slots in radiating patch are embedded to improve the depth of return loss. Further, the parametric study is performed on width of microstrip feeding line, position/size of ellipses in radiating patch and ground plane to achieve mismatch loss [Formula: see text] 0.044[Formula: see text]dB and power delivered to antenna 99%, i.e., return loss [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB for S-band. The simulated antenna results are obtained using electromagnetic solver software and fabricated antenna results are measured using Vector Network Analyzer Bench MS46322A and they are found to be in good agreement.
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Weber, T. M. "Centrifuge modeling of ground improvement under embankments." Pollack Periodica 1, no. 2 (August 2006): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/pollack.1.2006.2.1.

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Munfakh, G. A. "Ground improvement engineering – the state of the US practice: part 2. Applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 1, no. 4 (October 1997): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gi.1997.010403.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground improvement applications"

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Yenco, Aileen C. "Decision Tree for Ground Improvement in Transportation Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1384435786.

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Cuccurullo, Alessia. "EARTH STABILISATION BY PLANT-DERIVED UREASE ENZYME FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS." Thesis, Pau, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03179295.

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Cette étude se concentre sur les performances hygro-mécaniques de la terre crue compactée comme matériau de construction alternatif aux matériaux de construction classiques à forte empreinte énergétique. Les briques en terre ont été fabriquées en appliquant des pressions de compactage élevées (jusqu’à 100 MPa, d’où la dénomination d’hyper-compactage) pour augmenter la densité du matériau et ainsi obtenir des propriétés mécaniques similaires à celles des matériaux de construction traditionnels tels que les briques cuites, les blocs de béton et la terre stabilisée. Une vaste campagne expérimentale a été menée sur des échantillons constitués de différents mélanges hyper-compactés de terres à leur teneur en eau optimale respective. La rigidité et la résistance mécanique ont été mesurées par des essais de compression non confinés et triaxiaux, tandis que l’adsorption/désorption de vapeur a été évaluée par la valeur de MBV (Moisture Buffering Value). La durabilité à l'érosion hydrique a été étudiée en effectuant des tests de adsorption capillaire, d'immersion et de goutte-à-goutte conformément aux normes DIN 18945 (2013) et NZS 4298 (1998). Les résultats ont confirmé que l'hyper-compactage améliore les performances mécaniques de la terre crue compactée, mais qu'une augmentation sensible de l'humidité ambiante pouvait entraîner une réduction considérable de la résistance. Néanmoins, les tests de durabilité ont révélé que la terre compactée non stabilisée ne pouvait pas être utilisée pour la construction des parties de structures exposées aux intempéries naturelles en raison de sa sensibilité vis-à-vis de l’eau liquide. Les expériences ont démontré la dépendance de la résistance, de la rigidité, du comportement hydrique, de la sensibilité à l’eau liquide et de la durabilité à la taille des particules. En particulier, il a été observé qu'un mélange de terre à faible granulométrie et calibrées présentait des caractéristiques pour les propriétés susmentionnées supérieures à celle d’un sol à la granulométrie grossière et non maîtrisée. Un défi important a été l'amélioration de la durabilité de la terre crue à l'érosion hydrique en adoptant de techniques de stabilisation à faibles impacts environnementaux, ce qui a conduit à la mise au point d’une méthode originale de stabilisation basée sur l’utilisation d’extraits de plantes. Cette méthode était conforme à la précipitation de calcite induite par voie enzymatique via l'action de l'enzyme uréase pour catalyser l'hydrolyse de l'urée. Cette réaction produit des ions carbonates, qui réagissent ensuite avec les ions calcium du sol dissout dans l’eau interstitielle pour précipiter sous forme de carbonate de calcium, liant ainsi les particules du sol
The present work investigates the hygro-mechanical performance of compacted earth as an alternative to conventional energy-intensive building materials. Earth bricks were manufactured by applying high compaction pressures up to 100 MPa (hyper-compaction) to increase the density of the earth and hence to obtain mechanical properties that are similar to those of traditional construction materials such as fired bricks, concrete blocks and stabilised earth. A wide campaign of laboratory tests was performed on samples made of different earth mixes that were hyper-compacted at their respective optimum water contents. Stiffness and strength were measured by unconfined and triaxial compression tests while vapour adsorption/desorption was assessed by measuring moisture buffering value (MBV). Durability to water erosion was also evaluated by performing suction, immersion and drip tests according to the norms DIN 18945 (2013) and NZS 4298 (1998), respectively. Results showed that hyper-compaction largely improved the mechanical performance of compacted earth but that a marked increase in ambient humidity could produce a considerable reduction of strength. Durability tests highlighted that the unstabilised compacted earth could not be employed for the construction of structures exposed to natural weathering. The experiments also demonstrated the dependency of strength, stiffness, moisture buffering capacity and water durability on particle grading. In particular, it was shown that a fine and well-graded earth mix exhibited higher levels of strength, stiffness, moisture buffering capacity and durability than a coarse and poorly-graded one. One important challenge lied in the improvement of the earth durability against water erosion by adopting novel stabilisation techniques, which led to the development of an original stabilisation method based on the utilisation of plant extracts. The method was consistent with the principles of Enzymatic Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP), which utilises the action of the urease enzyme to catalyse the hydrolysis of urea. This reaction produces carbonate ions, which then react with the calcium ions dissolved in the pore water to produce the precipitation of calcium carbonate (i.e. calcite), thus binding the soil together. The novelty of the present work resides in the utilisation of crude plant-derived urease enzyme instead of pure reagent-grade products available from chemical suppliers, which reduces environmental and financial costs. In particular, the urease enzyme was obtained from a liquid soybeans extract, inside which the urea and calcium chloride were subsequently dissolved to induce the precipitation of calcite. Measurements of pH, electrical conductivity and precipitation ratio indicated that the optimum equimolar concentration of urea and calcium chloride (leading to the largest precipitation of calcite) was 2.5 mol/L. An experimental campaign was finally undertaken to implement the proposed bio-stabilisation method into the manufacture of compressed earth bricks. The most promising versions of the proposed bio-stabilisation method were also the object of further investigation to assess the hygro-mechanical behaviour of the stabilised earth by means of unconfined compression and moisture buffering value tests. The findings, although preliminary, suggested that a noticeable improvement of strength and water durability could be achieved by the proposed stabilisation protocol, in spite of the difficulty in replicating exactly quantitative results
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Rajasekar, Adharsh. "Calcite-precipitating indigenous bacteria in landfills and their application towards ground improvement." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3025873/.

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This project offers a new outlook on landfills as potential locations from which calcite precipitating bacteria could be isolated and/or stimulated for ground improvement purposes. The research presented in this thesis confirms the presence of indigenous calcite-precipitating bacteria in landfills and investigates their potential application for ground improvement. For instance, this technique can be employed to reduce the permeability of the soil at landfill sites to prevent or minimise possible contamination of ground water from leachate. The novel research presented here, describes the isolation and identification of seven unique indigenous calcite-precipitating bacteria from landfill leachate and groundwater. In addition, their proof-of-principle application for ground improvement within geomaterials has been successfully demonstrated. A review of existing literature has highlighted the need for identifying indigenous calcite precipitating bacteria in harsh environments such as landfills. Most studies focussed on a number of known calcite precipitating bacteria that are readily available from cell culture collection laboratories and only a few researchers have tried to investigate the potential calcite precipitation of indigenous bacteria. A culture independent technique was implemented to investigate a selected landfill environment in detail, sampling its leachate, soil and groundwater. An urban sampling site located at a significant distance away from the landfill was selected for contrasting purposes. Using NGS, it was found that the bacterial consortia consisted of up to 16 phyla in which Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found to be dominant in both sampling sites. Only Chloroflexi was detected at urban site and Pseudomonas was the dominant (67-93%) genus in landfill leachate. Arsenic concentrations were 1.11x103 μg/L and 1.78x103 μg/L for the landfill raw leachate (RL) and fresh leachate (FL2), respectively. Similarly, the mercury concentrations measured were 10.9 μg/L and 7.37 μg/L, for RL and FL2, respectively. These values were higher than the recommended values of those heavy metals in the Chinese State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) standards for leachate in landfills. Shannon diversity index and Chao 1 richness estimate showed RL and FL2 lacked bacterial richness and diversity when compared with other samples. A total of two indigenous bacteria from the landfill groundwater and five from the landfill leachate were selected and isolated using a nutrient broth media. The isolated bacteria were studied for their ability to mediate calcite precipitation. The media consisted of calcium chloride, urea and nutrient broth. The biomineralisation experiment was conducted at a starting pH of 7.5 at 30°C for 168 hours. The results from the isolates proved that indigenous calcite precipitating bacteria can be found in environments ranging from landfill leachate to groundwater. As a qualitative assessment, SEM images showed the difference in crystal morphology between the bacterial and abiotic solutions having spherical shaped crystals and trigonal shaped crystal formations, respectively. For quantitative analysis, carbonate titration experiments were performed following the biomineralisation experiment to determine the amount of carbonate precipitated by each bacterial strain during the biomineralisation process. The most prolific bacteria (bacteria that precipitated the most calcium carbonate) from landfill leachate and landfill groundwater were determined based on the amount of carbonate precipitated by the bacteria. The carbonate titration experiment revealed that the seven selected bacteria precipitated between 4.66 to 6.1 g/L of carbonate which was three times more than that observed for the abiotic solution. One prolific bacterium isolated from landfill groundwater and two prolific bacteria from landfill leachate were further investigated in column-based porous media studies. Porous media studies were conducted using specially designed polyvinyl chloride columns and sand was used as the porous media to determine the effects of biocementation exerted by the bacteria through biomineralisation. The experimentally generated compressive strength of the bacterial columns ranged from 150-260 kPa. Improved permeability ranging from 10-6 to 10-7 m/s was observed in the bacterial columns. Superior cementation between sand particles was observed under SEM in the columns where the bacteria were added. In summary, calcite-precipitating bacteria have been shown to survive even in contaminated leachate conditions. The extent of their calcite-precipitating abilities is shown through laboratory and porous media experiments. This means that the biohazard from the landfill is not necessarily a barrier towards remediation and applying microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) methodology along with monitored natural attenuation would prove to be beneficial in treating the leachate along with prevention of its interaction with groundwater.
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Basar, Joseph James. "Improvement of Ground-Fault Relaying Selectivity through the Application of Directional Relays to High-Voltage Longwall Mining Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9888.

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The continuing trend toward larger longwall mining systems has resulted in the utilization of higher system voltages. The increase in system voltage levels has caused the industry to face complexities not experienced with the lower-voltage systems. One such complexity arises from the larger system capacitance that results from the outby configuration commonly used on 4,160-V longwall power systems. Simulations show that during a line-to-ground fault, the larger system capacitance can cause a situation where the ground current sensed by the ground-fault relays in unfaulted circuits is greater than the mandated ground-fault relay pick-up setting. Simulations show that ground-fault relaying selectivity is potentially lost as a result of this situation. Two alternatives were identified which could improve ground-fault relaying selectivity. They are: the application of a directional relaying scheme and increasing the ground-fault relay pick-up setting. It was determined that directional relays have an application to high-voltage longwall power systems as the ground current sensed by the relay in the unfaulted circuits is out of phase with the ground-fault current sensed by the relay in the faulted circuit. Furthermore, it was determined that raising the ground-fault relay pick-up setting by a factor of eight would also improve ground-fault relaying selectivity. A safety analysis considering the potential for electrocution and the power dissipated by the maximum fault resistance showed that increasing the pick-up setting by a factor of eight would have no detriment to safety. Therefore, either method would improve ground-fault relaying selectivity on high-voltage longwall mining systems, yet because of the escalating size of longwall systems, a directional relaying scheme is a longer term solution.
Master of Science
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"Applications of Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) for Soil Improvement." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.27573.

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abstract: In enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation is catalyzed by plant-derived urease enzyme. In EICP, urea hydrolyzes into ammonia and inorganic carbon, altering geochemical conditions in a manner that promotes carbonate mineral precipitation. The calcium source in this process comes from calcium chloride (CaCl2) in aqueous solution. Research work conducted for this dissertation has demonstrated that EICP can be employed for a variety of geotechnical purposes, including mass soil stabilization, columnar soil stabilization, and stabilization of erodible surficial soils. The research presented herein also shows that the optimal ratio of urea to CaCl2 at ionic strengths of less than 1 molar is approximately 1.75:1. EICP solutions of very high initial ionic strength (i.e. 6 M) as well as high urea concentrations (> 2 M) resulted in enzyme precipitation (salting-out) which hindered carbonate precipitation. In addition, the production of NH4+ may also result in enzyme precipitation. However, enzyme precipitation appeared to be reversible to some extent. Mass soil stabilization was demonstrated via percolation and mix-and-compact methods using coarse silica sand (Ottawa 20-30) and medium-fine silica sand (F-60) to produce cemented soil specimens whose strength improvement correlated with CaCO3 content, independent of the method employed to prepare the specimen. Columnar stabilization, i.e. creating columns of soil cemented by carbonate precipitation, using Ottawa 20-30, F-60, and native AZ soil was demonstrated at several scales beginning with small columns (102-mm diameter) and culminating in a 1-m3 soil-filled box. Wind tunnel tests demonstrated that surficial soil stabilization equivalent to that provided by thoroughly wetting the soil can be achieved through a topically-applied solution of CaCl2, urea, and the urease enzyme. The topically applied solution was shown to form an erosion-resistant CaCO3 crust on fine sand and silty soils. Cementation of erodible surficial soils was also achieved via EICP by including a biodegradable hydrogel in the stabilization solution. A dilute hydrogel solution extended the time frame over which the precipitation reaction could occur and provided improved spatial control of the EICP solution.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2015
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Chi, Cheng-Ting, and 紀正釘. "The Application of Pressure Jetted pile for Ground Improvement in Kaohsiung Gushan District." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50637488052186356519.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系所
95
This research is to focus on the columns formed by pressure jetted pile as a countermeasure for the soil improvement on the special purpose of the underneath structure. The strata of the study site are formed by sand and clay layers. The factor of safety about liquefaction resistance for sand layers up to 20 meters deep was found less than 1 while a peak horizontal ground surface acceleration is assumed to be 0.495 g. As being shown by the research result, the higher liquefaction potential can be found in some sand layers during the major earthquake; special consideration must be taken, such as the pile foundation or the soil improvement. After several contingencies have been considered, it is concluded that the high-pressure jet grouting columns can be useful. The nominal diameter of columns is 1 meter whereas depth ranges from GL.-5.72~15.0 m; improvement ratio (Ir,) is approximately 8.7%. The columns have been approved effective restrain liquefaction, cyclic shear strain and excess pore pressure expansion, and also ground settlement while an earthquake happens. It also can increase the average soil strength and decrease the soil deformation. The safe factor of soil improvement is examined after strata have been achieved.
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Topczewski, Lukasz. "Improvement and application of ground penetrating radar non-destructive technique for the concrete brigde inspection." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/6755.

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Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia Civil - Área de Conhecimento de Estruturas.
In the last decades the number of bridges increased considerably due to the significant expansion of the roadway and railway networks. Nowadays some of those structures evidence a varied range of defects. To ensure the continuous safety and functionality of those bridges, condition and safety assessments, followed by adequate maintenance and rehabilitation actions, which requires gathering an extensive amount of data related with the bridge characteristics and condition, must be carried out frequently. In this context, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques are becoming increasingly popular and indispensable to collect reliable and valuable information without damaging the structure. In the particular case of concrete bridges, which is addressed in this thesis, the location of the tendon ducts and ordinary reinforcement is fundamental in rehabilitation design. In addition, the verification of the quality of work during the execution of the works and initial life is fundamental in order to prevent the occurrence of early deterioration, such as reinforcement corrosion. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the leading techniques that are specially prepared for these purposes. The thesis aims to give answers to the real problems raised by design offices and bridge owners concerning verification of the structural geometry of reinforced and prestressed concrete elements and verification of the structural integrity of concrete bridges. The innovations in non-destructive testing technology include application and combination of 2D and 3D radar investigations with new and cost-effective methods for regular and accurate acquisitions with software for 3D reconstruction for the verification of structural geometry and integrity of concrete bridges In addition, improvement, validation and application of radar tomography technique for the verification of structural geometry and integrity of concrete bridges is presented. The intention of the author is to focus the attention of civil engineering society that non-destructive testing is not only used as a tool itself, but can be an integral part of structural assessment process.
Nas últimas décadas o número de pontes aumentou consideravelmente devido à significativa expansão das redes rodoviárias e ferroviárias. Actualmente algumas dessas estruturas evidenciam diversas anomalias. Para assegurar a segurança e funcionalidade dessas pontes, é imprescindível avaliar periodicamente o estado de conservação e aplicar acções de conservação e reabilitação, o que requer a aquisição de um vasto conjunto de dados relacionados com as características e com o estado de conservação da ponte. Neste contexto, as técnicas de ensaio não destrutivas (NDT), têm-se tornado, gradualmente, mais populares e indispensáveis para conseguir dados fiáveis, sem ter de danificar a estrutura. No caso particular de pontes de betão, que são objecto desta tese, a localização das bainhas de pré-esforço e da armadura passiva é fundamental para o projecto de reabilitação. Adicionalmente, a aferição da qualidade do betão é fundamental para prevenir a deterioração precoce, como por exemplo a devida à corrosão das armaduras. O radar de prospecção geotécnica (GPR) é uma das técnicas especialmente vocacionadas para estes propósitos. Esta tese tem por objectivo dar uma resposta a alguns dos problemas reais sentidos pela administração, construtores e projectistas, relacionados com a verificação da geometria de alguns elementos estruturais de pontes de betão armado e pré-esforçado, bem como com a aferição da integridade dessas estruturas. O contributo desta investigação, inclui a aplicação desta técnica de ensaio não destrutiva e a combinação de análises 2D e 3D com novos, económicos e precisos métodos de reconstrução de imagem, para além de se centrar na melhoria, validação e aplicação da técnica de tomografia à resolução dos problemas em epígrafe. A principal intenção do autor com este trabalho foi tornar evidente que esta técnica de ensaio não destrutiva é mais do que uma mera ferramenta, mas que pode e deve ser uma parte integrante do processo de diagnóstico.
“Sustainable Bridges” European Project - FP6-PLT-01653.
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Books on the topic "Ground improvement applications"

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L, Barlow Jeanine, ed. Quality improvement: Practical applications for medical group practice. Englewood, Colo: Center for Research in Ambulatory Health Care Administration, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Gulf war illnesses: Procedural and reporting improvements are needed in DOD's investigative processes : report to the Honorable Lane Evans, Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Veterans Affairs, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Quality Improvement: Practical Applications for Medical Group, Second Edition. 2nd ed. Mgma, 1996.

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Josephs, Debra H., Heather J. Bax, Giulia Pellizzari, James F. Spicer, Ana Montes, and Sophia N. Karagiannis. Antibody Therapeutics for Ovarian Carcinoma and Translation to the Clinic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0001.

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Despite improvements over the past decade in the treatment of ovarian cancer, many patients are at risk of recurrent disease and emerging drug resistance. The increased selectivity and reduced toxicity of molecularly targeted anti-cancer agents renders them attractive for development in ovarian cancer, and monoclonal antibodies targeting ovarian cancer-specific tumor antigens represent the largest such group investigated in this clinical setting. This chapter describes examples of monoclonal antibodies clinically evaluated for efficacy in ovarian cancer. These agents recognize molecular targets expressed on tumors or within tumor microenvironments that may be essential for tumor cell survival and proliferation. Recently, antibodies targeting checkpoint molecules on immune cells have shown efficacy in modulating anti-tumor immunity, and applications in ovarian carcinomas are evaluated. The chapter focuses on therapeutic agents’ attributes on targeting key cancer growth and progression pathways, and propensity to engender effector functions by activating immune effector cells in tumors and the circulation.
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Rampinelli, Giuliano Arns, and Solange Machado. Manual de sistemas fotovoltaicos de geração distribuída: Teoria e prática. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-330-5.

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This book started from a desire to contribute scientifically with the knowledge about photovoltaic solar energy – an art promoted and developed by members of School of Sun and the NTEEL Solar. It has been possible through the research groups from School of Sun Project and the Electric Energy Technological Nucleus – Solar (NTEEL Solar). The School of Sun is a project from Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) which promotes scientific knowledge by the promotion of the information. The NTEEL Solar is a group which develops projects and scientific research in Photovoltaic Solar Energy and its applications. This work presents topics about the Brazilian electrical sector and its commercialization of energy, concepts about the reasoning and measurement of the solar radiation, characteristics and technologies of photovoltaic cells and modules; characteristics and technologies of inverters; monitoring and analysis of the photovoltaic systems; consumptions and generation profiles, rules and law, operation and maintenance of systems, softwares to dimension and simulate systems, and energy efficiency at buildings. It is a pleasure to share these research results from projects and scientific researches with you, dear reader. We would like to thank all the people that have been helping us with research so far, especially with this book. We are also thankful for the organizations which have been supporting us: the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), the School of Sun (UFSC), the Electric Energy Technological Nucleus – NTEEL Solar, Graduate Program in Energy and Sustainability (PPGES), the Undergraduate Program in Energy Engineering, the Coordination of Personnel Improvement of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies (CAPES), The National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation of Support to Scientific Research and Innovation from Santa Catarina State (FAPESC). This book contributes scientifically to the promotion of renewable technology, reliable, competitive; towards sustainable development. We hope that you appreciate it and have a great reading.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ground improvement applications"

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Viswanath, Divya, and M. N. Asha. "Bio-Modification—An Emerging Ground Improvement Technique." In Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications, 923–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1342-5_73.

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Emad, Sharif. "Early Applications of DMT in Arabian Gulf Area – Three Case Studies." In Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement, 104–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61902-6_10.

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Qu, Xiaofei, Xiangyang Lin, and Mu Li. "Research on Infrared Image Quality Improvement Based on Ground Compensation." In 5th International Symposium of Space Optical Instruments and Applications, 335–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27300-2_34.

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Jebali, Halima, Wissem Frikha, and Mounir Bouassida. "Application of Vacuum Consolidation for the Improvement of Tunis Soft Soil." In Ground Improvement and Earth Structures, 100–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63889-8_8.

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Das, Kaustav, Subhojit Chattaraj, and Kaushik Bandyopadhyay. "Review on the Application of Geosynthetic for Ground Improvement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 79–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6774-0_8.

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Kong, Xiangxing. "Research and Application on the Prediction Method of Pearl Model of High Filling Subgrade Settlement." In Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement, 356–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61902-6_28.

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Mauriya, Vinod Kumar. "Application of Bottom Ash as Filter Material in Construction of Dyke Embankment for Sustainable Infrastructure." In Sustainable Thoughts in Ground Improvement and Soil Stability, 116–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34184-8_8.

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Ishii, H. "Extended Application of Cement-Based Grouting to Gravel/Boulder Ground Improvement." In Geotechnics for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Management, 135–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8828-6_13.

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Peng, Weiping, Lingwei Chen, and Xiaowen Zhou. "Application of Large-Size Sandbag Cofferdam in Land Reclamation Engineering." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, 271–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0122-3_30.

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Govindan, Velu, Kristina D. Michaux, and Wolfgang H. Pfeiffer. "Nutritionally Enhanced Wheat for Food and Nutrition Security." In Wheat Improvement, 195–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_12.

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AbstractThe current and future trends in population growth and consumption patterns continue to increase the demand for wheat. Wheat is a major source and an ideal vehicle for delivering increased quantities of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and other valuable bioactive compounds to population groups who consume wheat as a staple food. To address nutritious traits in crop improvement, breeding feasibility must be assessed and nutrient targets defined based on their health impact. Novel alleles for grain Zn and Fe in competitive, profitable, Zn enriched wheat varieties have been accomplished using conventional breeding techniques and have been released in South Asia and Latin America, providing between 20% and 40% more Zn than local commercial varieties and benefitting more than four million consumers. Future challenges include accelerating and maintaining parallel rates of genetic gain for productivity and Zn traits and reversing the trend of declining nutrients in wheat that has been exacerbated by climate change. Application of modern empirical and analytical technologies and methods in wheat breeding will help to expedite genetic progress, shorten time-to-market, and achieve mainstreaming objectives. In exploiting synergies from genetic and agronomic options, agronomic biofortification can contribute to achieving higher Zn concentrations, stabilize Zn trait expression, and increase other grain minerals, such as selenium or iodine. Increasing Fe bioavailability in future breeding and research with other nutrients and bioactive compounds is warranted to further increase the nutritious value of wheat. Crop profiles must assure value propositions for all actors across the supply chain and consider processors requirements in product development.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ground improvement applications"

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e Pinto, Sêco, and Pedro Simão. "Applications of Ground Improvement Techniques to Embankment Dams." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3559-3_103-0003.

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Rangari, Sunil M., Deepankar Choudhury, and Dewaikar D. M. "Applications and Design Techniques for Ground Anchors to Mitigate Seismic Hazards." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_08-0803.

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Raju, V. R. "Ground Improvement - Principles and Applications in Asia." In International Symposium on Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/key-raju-isgi09.

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Ganeshan, V., and Jee Yi. "Jet Grouting and Its Applications." In International Symposium on Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/gi104.

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van Paassen, L. A. "Bio-Mediated Ground Improvement: From Laboratory Experiment to Pilot Applications." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41165(397)419.

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Rodriguez Corral, Javier, Helen Mitrani, Martyn Dade-Robertson, and Meng Zhang. "Agarose Gel as a Soil Analogue for Novel Ground Improvement Applications." In The 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icgre18.112.

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Modoni, Giuseppe, Paolo Croce, Roberta Proia, and Rose Line Spacagna. "Guidelines and codes for liquefaction mitigation by ground improvement." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0810.

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<p>Ground improvement has become one of the most effective tools of geotechnical engineering, being adopted for an always larger variety of civil engineering applications. To reduce the role of subjective choices of operators, the use of different techniques tends to be codified by specific guidelines. In the European Union there is an ongoing effort to standardize execution and design within codes continuously reviewed by designated committees. A widespread and systematic standardisation on the ground improvement as a mean to mitigate the effects of liquefaction on buildings and infrastructures is missing. The paper presents and overview of traditional and new ground improvement technologies suitable for this application. The methods are firstly classified by considering their effects on the ground (e.g. densification, stabilization, drainage, desaturation, etc.). Design principles are then outlined for new or pre-existing buildings and infrastructures, considering the ongoing review process of the design Eurocodes.</p>
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Sari, Indah Purnama, and Achmad Munir. "Defected ground structure for bandwidth improvement of artificial magnetic conductor-based microwave absorber." In 2012 7th Telecommunications, Systems, Services, and Applications (TSSA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tssa.2012.6366051.

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Feng-Ming Hu, Yun-Yin He, and Chien-Jen Wang. "Improvement of radiation characteristics for the monopole antenna with asymmetric ground plane." In 2015 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem.2015.7365069.

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Garimella, Srinivas. "Absorption Heat Pump Performance Improvement Through Ground Coupling." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1005.

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Abstract The present study investigates the improvement in the performance of an absorption heat pump for residential space-conditioning due to the use of the ground as the heat source in the heating mode and the heat sink in the cooling mode. A baseline air-coupled single-effect ammonia-water heat pump is first designed to deliver 10.55 kW (36,000 Btu/hr) of cooling load at the ARI rating conditions. Particular attention is paid to incorporating many realistic details of an operating system such as fuel combustion efficiencies of the burner, non-equilibrium conditions, and moist air processes in the air-coupled heat exchangers. A range of parametric studies is also conducted to investigate the variation in performance of this system with ambient conditions in the heating and cooling modes. The same system is then analyzed in a ground-coupled configuration. The instantaneous COP for the ground-coupled system is compared with the COP of the air-coupled system as a function of the time of the year and the corresponding variations in ambient and ground temperatures using thirty-year average climate data for various locations from the National Weather Service. Improvements in COP of up to twenty percent over the air-coupled system values (cooling mode COP of 0.495 at 35°C (95°F) and heating mode COP of 1.20 at 8.33°C (47°F)) are demonstrated in diverse geographic locations with widely varying heating and cooling loads. These improvements indicate that an efficient ground-coupled heat pump could be developed for residential space-conditioning applications using simple thermodynamic cycles and existing technology for the heat and mass exchange components.
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Reports on the topic "Ground improvement applications"

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Larmat, Carene, Esteban Rougier, and Zhou Lei. w17_geonuc "Application of the Spectral Element Method to improvement of Ground-based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1499318.

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Larmat, Carene, Esteban Rougier, and Zhou Lei. W17_geonuc “Application of the Spectral Element Method to improvement of Ground-based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring”. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1422942.

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Allan, M. L. Preliminary study on improvement of cementitious grout thermal conductivity for geothermal heat pump applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/259414.

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Bhatt, Parth, Curtis Edson, and Ann MacLean. Image Processing in Dense Forest Areas using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Michigan Technological University, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.michigantech-p/16366.

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Imagery collected via Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platforms has become popular in recent years due to improvements in a Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera (centimeter and sub-centimeter), lower operation costs as compared to human piloted aircraft, and the ability to collect data over areas with limited ground access. Many different application (e.g., forestry, agriculture, geology, archaeology) are already using and utilizing the advantages of UAS data. Although, there are numerous UAS image processing workflows, for each application the approach can be different. In this study, we developed a processing workflow of UAS imagery collected in a dense forest (e.g., coniferous/deciduous forest and contiguous wetlands) area allowing users to process large datasets with acceptable mosaicking and georeferencing errors. Imagery was acquired with near-infrared (NIR) and red, green, blue (RGB) cameras with no ground control points. Image quality of two different UAS collection platforms were observed. Agisoft Metashape, a photogrammetric suite, which uses SfM (Structure from Motion) techniques, was used to process the imagery. The results showed that an UAS having a consumer grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) onboard had better image alignment than an UAS with lower quality GNSS.
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Weiss, Charles, William McGinley, Bradford Songer, Madeline Kuchinski, and Frank Kuchinski. Performance of active porcelain enamel coated fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete : the performance of active porcelain enamel coatings for fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber tests at the University of Louisville. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40683.

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A patented active porcelain enamel coating improves both the bond between the concrete and steel reinforcement as well as its corrosion resistance. A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop a commercial method for production of porcelain-coated fibers was developed in 2015. Market potential of this technology with its steel/concrete bond improvements and corrosion protection suggests that it can compete with other fiber reinforcing systems, with improvements in performance, durability, and cost, especially as compared to smooth fibers incorporated into concrete slabs and beams. Preliminary testing in a Phase 1 SBIR investigation indicated that active ceramic coatings on small diameter wire significantly improved the bond between the wires and the concrete to the point that the wires achieved yield before pullout without affecting the strength of the wire. As part of an SBIR Phase 2 effort, the University of Louisville under contract for Ceramics, Composites and Coatings Inc., proposed an investigation to evaluate active enamel-coated steel fibers in typical concrete applications and in masonry grouts in both tension and compression. Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of coated fibers into Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was examined using flexural and compressive strength testing as well as through nanoindentation.
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Petrowski, Michael, Joe Lockwood, and Jason Smith. Human Performance Improvement Task Group Task 21-1 Best Practice: Using virtual capabilities or options for HPI application (to reduce errors, strengthening defenses, strengthening the organization, and/or increasing capacity). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1766973.

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Ajzenman, Nicolás, Gregory Elacqua, Diana Hincapié, Analia Jaimovich, Florencia López Bóo, Diana Paredes, and Alonso Román. Do You Want to Become a Teacher?: Career Choice Motivation Using Behavioral Strategies. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003325.

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Qualified teachers are a fundamental input for any education system. Yet, many countries struggle to attract highly skilled applicants to the teaching profession. This paper presents the results of a large-scale intervention to attract high performing high-school students into the teaching profession in Chile. The intervention was a three-arm email campaign which made salient three types of motivations typically associated with the teaching profession: intrinsic/altruistic, extrinsic, and prestige-related. The objective was to identify which type of message better appealed to high performing students to nudge them to choose a teaching major. The “intrinsic” and “prestige” arms reduced applications to teaching majors among high performers, while the “extrinsic” arm increased applications among low performers. A plausible interpretation could be that the “intrinsic” and “prestige” messages made more salient an issue that could otherwise be overlooked by high performing students (typically from more advantaged households), negatively impacting their program choice: that while the social value of the teaching profession has improved, it still lags behind other professions that are valued more by their families and social circles. In turn, the “extrinsic” arm made salient the recent improvements in the economic conditions of the teaching profession in Chile, thus appealing to low performing students who in general come from disadvantaged families and for whom monetary incentives are potentially more relevant. These results emphasize the importance of having a clear picture of the inherent motivations that could influence individuals career choice. Making salient certain types of motivations to the wrong target group could lead to undesired results.
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Hlushak, Oksana M., Volodymyr V. Proshkin, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. Using the e-learning course “Analytic Geometry” in the process of training students majoring in Computer Science and Information Technology. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3268.

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As a result of literature analysis the expediency of free access of bachelors majoring in Computer Sciences and Information Technologies to modern information educational resources, in particular, e-learning courses in the process of studying mathematical disciplines is substantiated. It was established that the e-learning course is a complex of teaching materials and educational services created for the organization of individual and group training using information and communication technologies. Based on the outlined possibilities of applying the e-learning course, as well as its didactic functions, the structure of the certified e-learning course “Analytic Geometry” based on the Moodle platform was developed and described. Features of application of cloud-oriented resources are considered: Desmos, Geogebra, Wolfram|Alpha, Sage in the study of the discipline “Analytic Geometry”. The results of the pedagogical experiment on the basis of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University are presented. The experiment was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the implementation of the e-learning course “Analytic Geometry”. Using the Pearson criterion it is proved that there are significant differences in the level of mathematical preparation of experimental and control group of students. The prospect of further scientific research is outlined through the effectiveness of the use of e-learning courses for the improvement of additional professional competences of students majoring in Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (specialization “Programming”, “Internet of Things”).
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.

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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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