Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ground effect

Academic literature on the topic 'Ground effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ground effect"

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Coulliette, C., and A. Plotkin. "Aerofoil ground effect revisited." Aeronautical Journal 100, no. 992 (February 1996): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000027305.

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AbstractSteady state aerofoil ground effect is studied both numerically and analytically. Discrete vortex and linear vortex panel methods are applied to a parabolic arc and symmetric Joukowski aerofoil, respectively. A single vortex model for the flow over the parabolic arc aerofoil is developed. The single vortex model and other analytical solutions, valid either near or far from the ground, are compared with the numerical results. The numerical results are used to delineate the influences of angle of attack, camber and thickness. For small values of camber and angle of attack, normalised lift is enhanced near the ground and reduced far from it. For a fixed distance above the ground, normalised lift decreases with increasing angle of attack and camber. Thickness reduces lift at all heights above the ground.
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SETO, Kunisato, Zhixiang XU, Yuuji Yamada, and Liqiang Wang. "On ground liquefaction effect of a ground improvement machine." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2004.57 (2004): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2004.57.449.

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Plotkin, A., and S. S. Dodbele. "Slender wing in ground effect." AIAA Journal 26, no. 4 (April 1988): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.9920.

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Garcia, Darwin L., and Joseph Katz. "Trapped Vortex in Ground Effect." AIAA Journal 41, no. 4 (April 2003): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1997.

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LaPierre, Ray. "Hall effect breaks new ground." Nature Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (October 28, 2012): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.191.

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Attenborough, Keith, Imran Bashir, Toby Hill, and Shahram Taherzadeh. "Diffraction assisted rough ground effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (October 2010): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3508435.

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Gupta, H., M. Zhang, and A. P. Parakka. "Barkhausen effect in ground steels." Acta Materialia 45, no. 5 (May 1997): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(96)00315-1.

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Wu, J., and N. Zhao. "Ground Effect on Flapping Wing." Procedia Engineering 67 (2013): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.029.

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Rozhdestvensky, Kirill V. "Wing-in-ground effect vehicles." Progress in Aerospace Sciences 42, no. 3 (May 2006): 211–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2006.10.001.

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Taraldsen, Gunnar, and Hans Jonasson. "Aspects of ground effect modeling." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 1 (January 2011): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3500694.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground effect"

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Read, Gillian Margaret. "Extreme ground effect." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr284.pdf.

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Cai, Jielong. "Changes in Propeller Performance Due to Ground and Partial Ground Proximity." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1588164898961792.

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Doig, Graham Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Compressible ground effect aerodynamics." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44696.

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The aerodynamics of bodies in compressible ground effect flowfields from low-subsonic to supersonic Mach numbers have been investigated numerically and experimentally. A study of existing literature indicated that compressible ground effect has been addressed sporadically in various contexts, without being researched in any comprehensive detail. One of the reasons for this is the difficulty involved in performing experiments which accurately simulate the flows in question with regards to ground boundary conditions. To maximise the relevance of the research to appropriate real-world scenarios, multiple bodies were examined within the confines of their own specific flow regimes. These were: an inverted T026 wing in the low-to-medium subsonic regime, a lifting RAE 2822 aerofoil and ONERA M6 wing in the transonic regime, and a NATO military projectile at supersonic Mach numbers. Two primary aims were pursued. Firstly, experimental issues surrounding compressible ground effect flows were addressed. Potential problems were found in the practice of matching incompressible Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to wind tunnel experiments for the inverted wing at low freestream Mach numbers (<0.3), where the inverted wing was found to experience significant compressible effects even at Mach 0.15. The approach of matching full-scale CFD simulations to scale model testing at an identical Reynolds number but higher Mach number was analysed and found to be prone to significant error. An exploration was also conducted of appropriate ways to conduct experimental tests at transonic and supersonic Mach numbers, resulting in the recommendation of a symmetry (image) method as an effective means of approximating a moving ground boundary in a small-scale blowdown wind tunnel. Issues of scale with regards to Reynolds number persisted in the transonic regime, but with careful use of CFD as a complement to experiments, discrepancies were quantified with confidence. The second primary aim was to use CFD to gain a broader understanding of the ways in which density changes in the flowfield affect the aerodynamic performance of the bodies in question, in particular when a shock wave reflects from the ground plane to interact again with the body or its wake. The numerical approach was extensively verified and validated against existing and new experimental data. The lifting aerofoil and wing were investigated over a range of mid-to-high subsonic Mach numbers (1>M???>0.5), ground clearances and angles of incidence. The presence of the ground was found to affect the critical Mach number, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the bodies across all Mach numbers and clearances proved to be highly sensitive to ground proximity, with a step change in any variable often causing a considerable change to the lift, moment and drag coefficients. At the lowest ground clearances in both two and three dimensional studies, the aerodynamic efficiency was generally found to be less than that of unbounded (no ground) flight for shock-dominated flowfields at freestream Mach numbers greater than 0.7. In the fully-supersonic regime, where shocks tend to be steady and oblique, a supersonic spinning NATO projectile travelling at Mach 2.4 was simulated at several ground clearances. The shocks produced by the body reflected from the ground plane and interacted with the far wake, the near wake, and/or the body itself depending on the ground clearance. The influence of these wave reflections on the three-dimensional flowfield, and their resultant effects on the aerodynamic coefficients, was determined. The normal and drag forces acting on the projectile increased in exponential fashion once the reflections impinged on the projectile body again one or more times (at a height/diameter ground clearance h/d<1). The pitching moment of the projectile changed sign as ground clearance was reduced, adding to the complexity of the trajectory which would ensue.
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Purvis, Richard. "Rotor blades and ground effect." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/20790/.

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This thesis uses numerical, asymptotic and flow structural techniques to examine various aspects of rotor blade flows and ground effect. It explores two- and three-dimensional flows, generally concentrating upon regimes that have a degree of relevance to typical rotor blade flows. Chapter 2 considers, as a first step towards understanding a general rotor blade system in ground effect, a finite rotating disc near horizontal ground. More specifically, it concentrates on determining the layer shape beyond the disc rim that, due to the presence of the ground, cannot remain flat without violating a pressure condition across it. Chapter 3 examines the flow past many blades in ground effect using both a numerical approach and considering various limits of interest to illuminate some of the important features such as enhanced lift and sheltering effects. Chapter 4 then extends this by exploring the many blade limit, whereby the flow develops a periodic structure once sufficiently many blades have been passed. We then move on to three-dimensional configurations. Chapter 5 takes the previous work further by considering the interactive case that arises after a very large number of blades have been passed, generating a pressure-displacement interaction in the boundary layer. We examine the case of three-dimensional blades, considering the full triple deck problem and then the short blade limit, investigating the flow structure for this physically relevant case. Chapter 6 considers the flow past a three-dimensional hump on a blade of a rotor, examining the flow structure and solution and tentatively using this to propose a description of the flow past the trailing corner of a typical rotor blade. Finally Chapter 7 returns to ground effect, exploring the flow past a single, three-dimensional blade near the ground. It uses a compact difference technique to examine the flow solution for a particular blade shape and investigates the idea of change-over points, where the effective leading edge becomes a trailing edge switching the boundary conditions, these points being generally unknown in advance
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Kusmarwanto, I. "Ground effect on a rotor wake." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1985. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4545.

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The effect of the ground on a rotor wake in forward flight has been investigated experimentally in the working section of an 8ft x Oft straight-through wind tunnel. A three bladed fully articulated rotor with a solidity ratio of 0.07 and diameter of 1.06m, powered by a hydraulic motor, has been tested at a height of 0.47 rotor diameter above a solid ground board which has an elliptical leading edge. Tests have been run at various low advance ratios (<0.1) with two collective pitch settings. A three-element hot wire anemometer probe has been used to measure the average value of the three components of velocity simultaneously in the forward half (advancing side) of the rotor wake and in the main stream surrounding it. The rotor wake and the ground vortices have been visualized by smoke. Surface flow patterns on the ground board have located the interaction region between the rotor wake and the oncoming flow on the ground board. Theoretical estimates of the flowfield based on Heyson's vortex cylinder model (Ref. 2) are compared with the experimental results. Both experimental results and theoretical estimates show that the ground-induced interference is an upwash and a decrease in forward velocity. The upwash interference' opposes the vertical flow through the rotor, and have large effects on the rotor performance in producing thrust. The streamwise interference decelerates the mainstream and becomes more noticeable as the wake boundary is approached.
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Jones, Marvin Alan. "Mechanisms in wing-in-ground effect aerodynamics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343624.

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An aircraft in low-level flight experiences a large increase in lift and a marked reduction in drag, compared with flight at altitude. This phenomenon is termed the 'wing-in-ground' effect. In these circumstances a region of high pressure is created beneath the aerofoil, and a pressure difference is set up between its upper and lower surfaces. A pressure difference is not permitted at the trailing edge and therefore a mechanism must exist, which allows the pressures above and below to adjust themselves to produce a continuous pressure field in the wake. It is the study of this mechanism and its role in the aerodynamics of low-level flight that forms the basis of our investigation
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Pulla, Devi Prasad. "A study of helicopter aerodynamics in ground effect." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149869712.

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Molina, Juan. "Aerodynamics of an oscillating wing in ground effect." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582653.

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This research intends to provide new insight into the aerodynamics of wings in ground effect under dynamic motion. This work represents a new step forward in the field of race car aerodynamics, in which steady aerodynamics are well understood. As the first comprehensive study on oscillating wings in ground effect, several modes of oscillation were studied numerically, including heaving, pitching and combined motion of an airfoil and heaving of a wing fitted with endplates. A wide range of reduced frequencies were tested for the simulations at different ride heights, which showed appreciable differences with respect to a stationary wing. The flowfield around the airfoil was obtained by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier- Stokes equations, while Detached Eddy Simulation was used for the wing. A dynamic mesh model was implemented to adapt the grid to the wing motion. The results showed other aerodynamic mechanisms in addition to the ground effect, namely the effective incidence and added mass. Stall can be postponed to lower ride heights by increasing the frequency of heaving, while a pitching airfoil can stall below the static stall incidence when placed close to the ground. A stability analysis showed that flutter can occur at low frequencies in heaving motion but increasing the frequency always stabilises the motion. The behaviour of the vortex formed on the inboard face of the endplate is altered by the heaving motion and has an important effect on the downforce generation. Vortex breakdown can be induced or suppressed depending on the frequency and effective incidence. At high frequencies, these vortices interact with counter-rotating trailing edge vortices to form vortex loops that transform into omega vortices in the wake. Additional experiments for a stationary wing serve to qualitatively validate and complement the reference cases.
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Roberts, L. S. "Boundary-layer transition on wings in ground effect." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12789.

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The competitiveness of a high-performance racing car is extremely reliant on aerodynamics. Due to the current economic climate, track testing is often forsaken and the majority of aerodynamic development carried out using sub-scale wind tunnel testing and computational simulations. It is important, therefore, that experimental and computational approaches represent real-world conditions as closely as possible. Although racing cars travel at much higher speeds than typical passenger cars, in comparison to aircrafts they still operate at relatively low Reynolds numbers and, consequently, laminar and transitional phenomena are evident. Despite this, the bulk of relevant literature available for racing-car aerodynamics is undertaken with little regard to the influence of Reynolds number, and in the case of computational studies, the omission of laminar and transitional phenomena all together. The present work has demonstrated, using a super-scale two- dimensional wind-tunnel model, that laminar and transition flow phenomenon are important at Reynolds numbers equivalent to a full-scale racing car. Moreover, the influence of these aspects increased as the wing’s ground clearance reduced; meaning that in ground effect they are even more important. Further experiments with three-dimensional models of varying complexity, from a simple single-element wing to a highly complex F1-specification wing, showed that laminar phenomena are important for F1 applications as well as for lower-downforce capability racing cars. A transition-sensitive eddy-viscosity turbulence model, k-kL-w, was used to simulate inverted wings operating in ground effect. It was shown that that laminar and transitional flow states could be simulated easily inside a commercial solver, and that the model offered a substantial improvement over the classical fully-turbulent k-w SST in terms of both force coefficient prediction and surface-flow structures. This experiments and computational simulations described in this thesis show the Reynolds number sensitivity of, and importance of laminar phenomenon on, wings operating in ground effect. It has been shown that laminar boundary layers are an important aspect of the flow characteristics of wings in ground effect, at both full-scale and model-scale Reynolds numbers. As such, it is recommended that future studies incorporate laminar and transitional phenomena.
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Igue, Roberto T. "Experimental Investigation of a lift augmented ground effect platform." Wright-Patterson AFB, OH : Air Force Institute of Technology, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA440437.

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Books on the topic "Ground effect"

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L, Ash Robert, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Viscous effects on a vortex wake in ground effect. Norfolk, Va: Old Dominion University Research Foundation, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, College of Engineering & Technology, Old Dominion University, 1992.

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R, Walker L., ed. Ecosystems of disturbed ground. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

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Curry, Robert E. Ground-effect analysis of a jet transport airplane. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1985.

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Yun, Liang. WIG craft and ekranoplan: Ground effect craft technology. New York: Springer, 2010.

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Curry, Robert E. Ground-effect analysis of a jet transport airplane. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1985.

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H, Bowers Albion, and Dryden Flight Research Facility, eds. Ground-effect analysis of a jet transport airplane. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1985.

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Curry, Robert E. Ground-effect analysis of a jet transport airplane. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1985.

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Curry, Robert E. Ground-effect analysis of a jet transport airplane. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1985.

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Wong, J. Y. Theory of ground vehicles. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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Theory of ground vehicles. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ground effect"

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Koketsu, Kazuki. "The Effect of Propagation." In Ground Motion Seismology, 119–262. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8570-8_3.

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Yun, Liang, Alan Bliault, and Johnny Doo. "Wings in Ground Effect." In WIG Craft and Ekranoplan, 1–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0042-5_1.

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Mendelssohn, Moses, Daniel O. Dahlstrom, and Corey Dyck. "Cause – Effect – Ground – Power." In Studies in German Idealism, 9–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0418-3_2.

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Koketsu, Kazuki. "The Effect of Earthquake Source." In Ground Motion Seismology, 31–118. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8570-8_2.

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Yoshida, Nozomu. "Effect of Various Factors from Case Studies." In Seismic Ground Response Analysis, 329–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9460-2_15.

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Kleine, H., J. Young, B. Oakes, K. Hiraki, H. Kusano, and Y. Inatani. "Aerodynamic Ground Effect for Transonic Projectiles." In 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves, 519–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25685-1_78.

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Wang, John G. Z. Q., and K. Tim Law. "Ground waving and its damaging effect." In Siting in earthquake zones, 97–109. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739648-9.

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Dhabu, Anjali, J. Dhanya, and S. T. G. Raghukanth. "Effect of Topography on Earthquake Ground Motions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 107–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0365-4_9.

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Del Cont Bernard, Davide, Mattia Giurato, Fabio Riccardi, and Marco Lovera. "Ground Effect Analysis for a Quadrotor Platform." In Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control, 351–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65283-2_19.

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Yun, Liang, and Alan Bliault. "Wings in Ground Effect: Ekranoplans and WIG Craft." In High Performance Marine Vessels, 89–132. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0869-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ground effect"

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Cai, Jielong, Sidaard Gunasekaran, Anwar Ahmed, and Michael V. Ol. "Propeller Partial Ground Effect." In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1028.

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Coulliette, C., and A. Plotkin. "Airfoil ground effect revisited." In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1832.

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Thu, May, Ikuo Towhata, and Suguru Yamada. "Laboratory Shear Tests on Effect of Soil Improvement by Fibers." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_03-0301.

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Cherdsak, Suksiripattanapong, and Suksun Horpibulsuk. "Effect of Particle Size on the Pullout Mechanism of Bearing Reinforcement." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_09-0917.

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G. S, Fahmy. "Effect of Geosynthetic base Reinforcement on the Lateral Spreading of Piled-Embankment." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_03-0307.

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Ing, D., and A. Harris. "Ground environment mat (GEM) on ASTOVL ground-effect performance." In International Powered Lift Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4891.

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Chabalko, Christopher, Timothy Fitzgerald, Marcelo Valdez, and Balakumar Balachandran. "Flapping Aerodynamics and Ground Effect." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-420.

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Zheng, Chong, Chao Zhang, and Jihong Zhu. "Visual Simulation of Ground Effect." In 2013 5th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2013.66.

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Garcia, Darwin, and Joseph Katz. "Trapped-Vortex in Ground Effect." In 32nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3307.

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Baddoo, Peter J., and Lorna J. Ayton. "Vortex Equilibria in Ground Effect." In 2018 Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2903.

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Reports on the topic "Ground effect"

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Yokel, Felix Y. Effect of subsurface conditions on earthquake ground motions. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4769.

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Leonard, Norman J., and III. Wing in Ground Effect Aircraft: An Airlifter of the Future. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430859.

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Faunt, C. C. Effect of faulting on ground-water movement in the Death Valley region, Nevada and California. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/587919.

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Ismail, Hesham, Eun Joo Lee, KyongYuk Ko, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Antioxidant Application Methods on the Color, Lipid Oxidation and Volatiles of Irradiated Ground Beef. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1036.

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Al-Hijazeen, Marwan, Dong Uk U. Ahn, and Aubrey F. Mendonca. Effect of Oregano Essential Oil on the Storage Stability and Quality Parameters of Ground Chicken Breast Meat. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-288.

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Graham Feingold. Investigation of the Aerosol Indirect Effect at the Southern Great Plains Using Ground-Based Remote Sensors and Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877271.

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Yang, Han Sul, Eun Joo Lee, Sunhee Moon, Hyun Dong Paik, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Garlic, Onion, and their Combination on the Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Irradiated Raw Ground Beef. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-607.

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Bodie, Mark, Michael Parker, Alexander Stott, and Bruce Elder. Snow-covered obstacles’ effect on vehicle mobility. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38839.

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The Mobility in Complex Environments project used unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to identify obstacles and to provide path planning in forward operational locations. The UAS were equipped with remote-sensing devices, such as photogrammetry and lidar, to identify obstacles. The path-planning algorithms incorporated the detected obstacles to then identify the fastest and safest vehicle routes. Future algorithms should incorporate vehicle characteristics as each type of vehicle will perform differently over a given obstacle, resulting in distinctive optimal paths. This study explored the effect of snow-covered obstacles on dynamic vehicle response. Vehicle tests used an instrumented HMMWV (high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle) driven over obstacles with and without snow cover. Tests showed a 45% reduction in normal force variation and a 43% reduction in body acceleration associated with a 14.5 cm snow cover. To predict vehicle body acceleration and normal force response, we developed two quarter-car models: rigid terrain and deformable snow terrain quarter-car models. The simple quarter models provided reasonable agreement with the vehicle test data. We also used the models to analyze the effects of vehicle parameters, such as ground pressure, to understand the effect of snow cover on vehicle response.
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JAMES N. BRUNE AND ABDOLRASOOL ANOOSHEHPOOR. A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE EFFECT OF A SHALLOW WEAK LAYER ON STRONG GROUND MOTION FOR STRIKE-SLIP RUPTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/776519.

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10

McKee, E. H., K. L. Wheeler, and T. A. Wickham. Evaluation of faults and their effect on ground-water flow southwest of Frenchman Flat, Nye and Clark Counties, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1713.

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