Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ground based synthetic aperture radar

Academic literature on the topic 'Ground based synthetic aperture radar'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ground based synthetic aperture radar"

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Pieraccini, Massimiliano, Neda Rojhani, and Lapo Miccinesi. "Compressive Sensing for Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121960.

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Compressive sensing (CS) is a recent technique that promises to dramatically speed up the radar acquisition. Previous works have already tested CS for ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) performing preliminary simulations or carrying out measurements in controlled environments. The aim of this article is a systematic study on the effective applicability of CS for GBSAR with data acquired in real scenarios: an urban environment (a seven-storey building), an open-pit mine, and a natural slope (a glacier in the Italian Alps). The authors tested the most popular sets of orthogonal functions (the so-called ‘basis’) and three different recovery methods (l1-minimization, l2-minimization, orthogonal pursuit matching). They found that Haar wavelets as orthogonal basis is a reasonable choice in most scenarios. Furthermore, they found that, for any tested basis and recovery method, the quality of images is very poor with less than 30% of data. They also found that the peak signal–noise ratio (PSNR) of the recovered images increases linearly of 2.4 dB for each 10% increase of data.
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Lee, Hoonyol, Younghun Ji, and Hyangsun Han. "Experiments on a Ground-Based Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2016): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8080667.

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Hosseiny, Benyamin, Jalal Amini, and Hossein Aghababaei. "Structural displacement monitoring using ground-based synthetic aperture radar." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 116 (February 2023): 103144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.103144.

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Hamdi, I., Y. Tounsi, M. Benjelloun, and A. Nassim. "Evaluation of the change in synthetic aperture radar imaging using transfer learning and residual network." Computer Optics 45, no. 4 (July 2021): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-814.

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Change detection from synthetic aperture radar images becomes a key technique to detect change area related to some phenomenon as flood and deformation of the earth surface. This paper proposes a transfer learning and Residual Network with 18 layers (ResNet-18) architecture-based method for change detection from two synthetic aperture radar images. Before the application of the proposed technique, batch denoising using convolutional neural network is applied to the two input synthetic aperture radar image for speckle noise reduction. To validate the performance of the proposed method, three known synthetic aperture radar datasets (Ottawa; Mexican and for Taiwan Shimen datasets) are exploited in this paper. The use of these datasets is important because the ground truth is known, and this can be considered as the use of numerical simulation. The detected change image obtained by the proposed method is compared using two image metrics. The first metric is image quality index that measures the similarity ratio between the obtained image and the image of the ground truth, the second metrics is edge preservation index, it measures the performance of the method to preserve edges. Finally, the method is applied to determine the changed area using two Sentinel 1 B synthetic aperture radar images of Eddahbi dam situated in Morocco.
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Lim, Chee Siong, Voon Chet Koo, and Yee Kit Chan. "The Integrated Simulation and Processing Tool for Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR)." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2019.1.2.5.

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Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) is a tremendous example of the extended applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). GBSAR is extremely useful in human-made structure observations, terrain mapping, landslide monitoring and many more. However, the process of designing and developing the GBSAR system is rather costly and time-consuming. It would be of a great advantage for system designers to have a realistic simulation and designing tool to anticipate the results before the implementation of the final design. In this paper, we are going to present the integrated simulation and designing tool that we have developed for a generic GBSAR system. We named it iSIM v2.0.
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Siong Lim, Chee, Voon Chet Koo, and Yee Kit Chan. "The Integrated Simulation and Processing Tool for Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR)." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2019.1.2.50.

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Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) is a tremendous example of the extended applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). GBSAR is extremely useful in human-made structure observations, terrain mapping, landslide monitoring and many more. However, the process of designing and developing the GBSAR system is rather costly and time-consuming. It would be of a great advantage for system designers to have a realistic simulation and designing tool to anticipate the results before the implementation of the final design. In this paper, we are going to present the integrated simulation and designing tool that we have developed for a generic GBSAR system. We named it iSIM v2.0
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Hu, Jiyuan, Jiming Guo, Yi Xu, Lv Zhou, Shuai Zhang, and Kunfei Fan. "Differential Ground-Based Radar Interferometry for Slope and Civil Structures Monitoring: Two Case Studies of Landslide and Bridge." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242887.

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Ground-based radar interferometry, which can be specifically classified as ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) and ground-based real aperture radar (GB-RAR), was applied to monitor the Liusha Peninsula landslide and Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge. The GB-SAR technique enabled us to obtain the daily displacement evolution of the landslide, with a maximum cumulative displacement of 20 mm in the 13-day observation period. The virtual reality-based panoramic technology (VRP) was introduced to illustrate the displacement evolutions intuitively and facilitate the following web-based panoramic image browsing. We applied GB-RAR to extract the operational modes of the large bridge and compared them with the global positioning system (GPS) measurement. Through full-scale test and time-frequency result analysis from two totally different monitoring methods, this paper emphasized the 3-D display potentiality by combining the GB-SAR results with VRP, and focused on the detection of multi-order resonance frequencies, as well as the configure improvement of ground-based radars in bridge health monitoring.
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Jirousek, Matthias, Sebastian Iff, Simon Anger, and Markus Peichl. "GigaRad – a multi-purpose high-resolution ground-based radar – system concept, error correction strategies and performance verification." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 3-4 (April 16, 2015): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871500063x.

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Recently DLR has developed and constructed a new experimental radar instrument [5] for various applications such as radar signature collection, synthetic aperture radar/inverse synthetic aperture radarimaging, motion detection, tracking, etc., where high performance and high flexibility have been the key drivers for system design. Consequently the multi-purpose and multi-channel radar called GigaRad is operated in X and Ku band and allows an overall bandwidth of up to 6 GHz, resulting in a theoretical range resolution of up to 2.5 cm. Hence, primary obligation is a detailed analysis of various possible error sources, being of no or less relevance for low-resolution systems. A high degree of digital technology enables advanced signal processing and error correction to be applied. The paper outlines main technical features of the radar system, the basic error correction and absolute calibration strategy, frequency limitations, and illustrates some imaging results.
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Noferini, L., M. Pieraccini, D. Mecatti, G. Macaluso, G. Luzi, and C. Atzeni. "Long term landslide monitoring by ground‐based synthetic aperture radar interferometer." International Journal of Remote Sensing 27, no. 10 (May 2006): 1893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160500353908.

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Anghel, Andrei, Zegang Ding, Holger Nies, Otmar Loffeld, David Atencia, Samuel G. Huaman, Aleksander Medella, et al. "Compact Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar: Short-Range Structural Monitoring." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 36, no. 4 (July 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2019.2894987.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground based synthetic aperture radar"

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Jungner, Andreas. "Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Data processing for Deformation Measurement." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199677.

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This thesis describes a first hands-on experience working with a Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) at the Institute of Geomatics in Castelldefels (Barcelona, Spain), used to exploit radar interferometry usually employed on space borne platforms. We describe the key concepts of a GB-SAR as well as the data processing procedure to obtain deformation measurements. A large part of the thesis work have been devoted to development of GB-SAR processing tools such as coherence and interferogram generation, automating the co-registration process, geocoding of GB-SAR data and the adaption of existing satellite SAR tools to GB-SAR data. Finally a series of field campaigns have been conducted to test the instrument in different environments to collect data necessary to develop GB-SAR processing tools as well as to discover capabilities and limitations of the instrument.   The key outcome of the field campaigns is that high coherence necessary to conduct interferometric measurements can be obtained with a long temporal baseline. Several factors that affect the result are discussed, such as the reflectivity of the observed scene, the image co-registration and the illuminating geometry.
Det här examensarbetet bygger på erfarenheter av arbete med en mark-baserad syntetisk apertur radar (GB-SAR) vid Geomatiska Institutet i Castelldefels (Barcelona, Spanien). SAR tekniken tillåter radar interferometri som är en vanligt förekommande teknik både på satellit och flygburna platformar. Det här arbetet beskriver instrumentets tekniska egenskaper samt behandlingen av data for att uppmäta deformationer. En stor del av arbetet har ägnats åt utveckling av GB-SAR data applikationer som koherens och interferogram beräkning, automatisering av bild matchning med skript, geokodning av GB-SAR data samt anpassning av befintliga SAR program till GB-SAR data. Slutligen har mätningar gjorts i fält for att samla in data nödvändiga for GB-SAR applikations utvecklingen samt få erfarenhet av instrumentets egenskaper och begränsningar.   Huvudresultatet av fältmätningarna är att hög koherens nödvändig för interferometriska mätningar går att uppnå med relativ lång tid mellan mätepokerna. Flera faktorer som påverkar resultatet diskuteras, som det observerade områdets reflektivitet, radar bild matchningen och den illuminerande geometrin.
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Preston, Stephen Joseph. "Design and Feasibility Testing for a Ground-based, Three-dimensional, Ultra-high-resolution, Synthetic Aperture Radar to Image Snowpacks." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2709.

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This thesis works through the design of a radar-based system for imaging snowpacks remotely and over large areas to assist in avalanche prediction. The key to such a system is the ability to image volumes of snow at shallow, spatially-varying angles of incidence. To achieve this prerequisite, the design calls for a ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) capable of generating three-dimensional, ultra-high-resolution images of a snowpack. To arrive at design parameters for this SAR, the thesis works through relevant principles in avalanche mechanics, alpine-snowpack geophysics, and electromagnetic scattering theory. The thesis also works through principles of radar, SAR, antenna, and image processing theory to this end. A preliminary system is implemented to test the feasibility of the overall design. The preliminary system demonstrates ultra-high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging capabilities and the ability to image the volume of multiple alpine snowpacks. Images of these snowpacks display the structural patterns indicative of different layers in the snowpacks. Possible attributions of the patterns to physical properties in the snowpack are explored, but conclusions are not arrived at. Finally, lessons from the implementation of this preliminary system are discussed in terms of opportunities to be capitalized upon and problems to be overcome in future systems that more faithfully realize the complete design set forth in the thesis.
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Rödelsperger, Sabine [Verfasser], Carl [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerstenecker, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Real-time Processing of Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) Measurements / Sabine Rödelsperger. Betreuer: Carl Gerstenecker ; Matthias Becker." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2011. http://d-nb.info/110610983X/34.

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FALABELLA, FRANCESCO. "Spaceborne and Terrestrial Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Systems: Innovative Multi-temporal SAR Interferometric Methods and Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11563/162987.

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Le tecniche Multi-temporali SAR interferometriche (Mt-InSAR) rappresentano oggigiorno strumenti consolidati per mappare l’evoluzione temporale dei fenomeni di deformazione del suolo Terrestre. Queste tecniche utilizzano congiuntamente sets di interferogrammi SAR differenziali al fine di estrarre la componente legata alla deformazione e produrre così serie storiche di deformazione dei bersagli osservati dal sensore. L'affidabilità delle misure prodotte utilizzando algoritmi Mt-InSAR è strettamente legata alla capacità degli stessi algoritmi nell’isolare esclusivamente i segnali legati alla deformazione dal segnale complessivo interferometrico, e questa operazione diventa sempre più complessa all’aumentare dei livelli di rumore in ciascun interferogramma SAR coinvolto. Le tecniche Mt-InSAR canoniche sono altamente affidabili nel monitorare l'evoluzione dello spostamento dei target che risultano essere ampiamente stabili o coerenti per tutto il periodo di analisi. Diversamente, quando i bersagli sono particolarmente affetti da problemi di decorrelazione, le stime di deformazione ottenute risultano corrotte e inaffidabili. Questo pone le basi per lo sviluppo di processori Mt-InSAR avanzati che possano fornire stime accurate della deformazione del suolo anche in scenari con problemi di decorrelazione più o meno severi. In questo lavoro di tesi affronta dapprima lo studio dello stato dell’arte delle tecniche Mt-InSAR canoniche applicabili sia nel caso di piattaforme satellitare che terrestri, e dopodiché si propongono delle nuove tecniche Mt-InSAR per superare alcune delle criticità riscontrante. In particolare si studiano le tecniche convenzionali Mt-InSAR multigriglia per l'analisi dei target alla griglia di risoluzione spaziale più risoluta, evidenziandone le loro criticità in aree a media e bassa coerenza, e proprio in questo ambito è proposta una tecnica innovativa per meglio operare in ambienti decorrelati. Il metodo proposto si basa su efficienti operazioni con cui viene srotolata la fase (PhU) interferometrica eseguite alle scale spaziali native, ed in particolare, si srotolano dapprima gli interferogrammi alla scala di soluzione mediata (ML) attraverso algoritmi di PhU convenzionali (o avanzati). Successivamente, gli interferogrammi ML srotolati vengono utilizzati per facilitare le operazioni di PhU eseguite alla scala più fine (single-look). In dettaglio, gli interferogrammi multi-look srotolati vengono ricampionati alla griglia single-look e sottratti a modulo modulo-2π agli interferogrammi single-look. Gli interferogrammi epurati dai contributi a bassa frequenza vengono poi srotolati e aggiunti nuovamente agli interferogrammi multilook ricampionati alla griglia di risoluzione più fine. Per realizzare queste operazioni, a differenza dei metodi multigriglia canonici, non si utilizza alcun modello (lineare/non lineare) per recuperare le componenti di deformazione in alta frequenza. Infine, gli interferogrammi single-look srotolati sono opportunamente invertiti al fine di calcolare le serie storiche di deformazione del suolo attraverso un qualsiasi algoritmo a piccola baseline (SB) InSAR multi-temporale. I risultati sperimentali sono stati ottenuti elaborando una serie di dati SAR acquisiti dal sensore COSMO-SkyMed (banda X) sulla zona costiera di Shanghai, in Cina. La tesi prosegue analizzando le tecniche ai minimi quadrati pesate (WLS) e su come sono sfruttate nell’ambito InSAR al fine di migliorare l’operazione con cui si srotola la fase interferometrica e la generazione di serie storiche di deformazione. Proprio in questo contesto, utilizzando gli approcci WLS, si estende l'utilizzabilità dell'algoritmo Mt-InSAR Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) in aree caratterizzate da una coerenza spaziale medio-bassa. In particolare, pixel per pixel, si invertono esclusivamente le fasi interferometriche coerenti utilizzando una metrica a minimi quadrati pesati. Per cui attraverso una selezione adattiva, per ogni pixel si utilizzano ed invertono soltanto le fasi interferometriche coerenti, e tale caratterista può portare a diversi sottoinsiemi disgiunti di dati SAR, che sono poi invertiti sfruttando la Decomposizione a Valori Singolari Pesata (WSVD). Tuttavia, per taluni pixel, l’utilizzo esclusivo delle fasi interferometriche coerenti può portare in alcuni casi allo scarto di acquisizioni SAR particolarmente rumorose, il che si traduce in serie storiche di deformazione affidabili ma con campionamento temporale variabile. I risultati sperimentali sono stati condotti applicando la tecnica sviluppata ad un set di dati SAR acquisiti dai sensori COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) sulla regione Basilicata, nel sud Italia. Il lavoro di tesi continua analizzando le proprietà che ledono alla irrotazionalità delle triplette di fase di interferogrammi SAR multi-look. In particolare, si studiano le conseguenze delle incongruenze temporali di fase dei multi-look sulla generazione delle serie storiche di deformazione del suolo attraverso metodi SB Mt-InSAR. La ricerca condotta mostra come queste incongruenze di fase si possono propagare attraverso una rete temporale ridondante di interferogrammi SB, ed insieme agli errori di PhU, pregiudicano la qualità dei prodotti InSAR generati. In letteratura questo effetto va sotto il nome di bias di fase, il quale può pregiudicare l’affidabilità dei metodi SB quando si impostano delle soglie sulla massima baseline temporale troppo stringenti (nell’ordine di 30 giorni o meno). Proponiamo così, due nuovi metodi per la compensazione di tali fenomeni di bias, i quali metodi sono stati testati utilizzando dati SAR simulati e reali. I dati reali sono stati acquisiti dai sensori Sentinel-1A/B (banda C) sulle aree del Nevada (U.S.), e sulla zona del monte Etna in Sicilia, nel sud Italia. Dopo lo sviluppo di algoritmi per la parte satellitare, il lavoro si sposta sui sensori SAR terrestri (GB-SAR). In questo ambito proponiamo un metodo per stimare e compensare i disturbi introdotti dallo strato atmosferico (APS) in interferogrammi GB-SAR. Un’ambia analisi fisica, statistica e matematica dell'approccio presentato è fornita, discutendo inoltre le potenzialità e i limiti del metodo che a differenza di altri algoritmi, che stimano l'APS dai segnali di fase srotolati, nella metodologia proposta la compensazione avviene direttamente sul dato arrotolato, in modo tale che la stima non è affetta da nessun potenziale errore di PhU. Gli esperimenti eseguiti su dati InSAR GB-SAR simulati e reali confermano la validità della tecnica proposta, confermando inoltre che il metodo è vantaggioso nelle zone caratterizzate da una forte escursione di quota (come ad esempio nelle regioni Alpine e montuose). Infine, viene presentata un'applicazione SAR interferometrica per la stima delle deformazioni della superficie investigata in tre dimensioni (3-D) attraverso l'uso congiunto ed integrato di dati SAR acquisiti da piattaforme satellitari e terrestri. Più precisamente, la catena di combinazione interferometrica sviluppata si compone anche degli innovativi algoritmi Mt-InSAR sviluppati in questo lavoro di tesi, al fine di ottenere mappe di velocità media di deformazione 3-D direttamente alla griglia spaziale più risoluta possibile. Inoltre, in conclusione, vengono menzionate anche alcune interessanti applicazioni SAR satellitari in ambito di prevenzione ed analisi di particolari fenomeni naturali e indotti dall'uomo.
Multi-temporal SAR interferometric (Mt-InSAR) techniques are nowadays mature tools to measure the temporal evolution of the Earth’s surface with millimetric accuracy. The reliability of crustal measurements is closely related to the goodness of the used Mt-InSAR algorithms in isolating the deformation-related signal from the overall signal, and this becomes increasingly complex as the noise levels of each interferogram increase. Canonical techniques are highly reliable in monitoring the displacement evolution of targets that are found to be largely stable or coherent over the entire period of analysis. Otherwise, when the scatterers are particularly affected by decorrelation problems, the obtained deformation estimates turn out to be corrupted and unreliable. Thus, there is a strong demand for new advanced Mt-InSAR processors that can provide accurate estimates of crustal deformation even in scenarios with more or less severe decorrelation problems. This thesis work focuses on the study of multi-temporal InSAR techniques applicable in both satellite and terrestrial case. Specifically, the canonical Mt-InSAR multigrid techniques for analyzing targets at the finest resolution grid will be discussed extensively highlighting their criticality in medium to low coherence areas, and in this context an innovative technique is proposed to better operate in decorrelated environments. The new method relies on efficient phase-unwrapping (PhU) operations performed at the native spatial scales. In particular, a set of multi-look (ML) interferograms is first unwrapped using conventional (or advanced) PhU algorithms at the regional scale. Subsequently, ML unwrapped interferograms are used to facilitate the PhU operations performed at the local scale (single-look). Specifically, the unwrapped multi-look interferograms are resampled to the single-look grid and modulo-2π subtracted to the single-look interferograms. These phase residuals are then unwrapped and added back to the multi-look resampled interferograms. To accomplish these operations, at variance with alternative multiscale methods, no (linear/nonlinear) models are used to fit the spatial high-pass phase residuals. Finally, the unwrapped single-look interferograms are properly inverted to retrieve the ground displacement time series using any small baseline (SB)-oriented multitemporal InSAR tool. Experimental results are performed by processing a set of SAR data acquired by the X-band COSMO-SkyMed sensor over the coastal area of Shanghai, China. Then, the focusing moves on the Weighted Least-squares (WLS) techniques applied within the InSAR framework for improving the performance of the phase unwrapping operations as well as for better conveying the inversion of sequences of unwrapped interferograms to generate ground displacement maps. In both cases, the identification of low-coherent areas, where the standard deviation of the phase is high, is requested. Therefore, a WLS method that extends the usability of the Mt-InSAR Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm in regions with medium-to-low coherence is presented. In particular, the proposed method relies on the adaptive selection and exploitation, pixel-by-pixel, of the medium-to-high coherent interferograms, only, so as to discard the noisy phase measurements. The selected interferometric phase values are then inverted by solving a WLS optimization problem. Noteworthy, the adopted, pixel-dependent selection of the “good” interferograms to be inverted may lead the available SAR data to be grouped into several disjointed subsets, which are then connected, exploiting the Weighted Singular Value Decomposition (WSVD) method. However, in some critical noisy regions, it may also happen that discarding of the incoherent interferograms may lead to rejecting some SAR acquisitions from the generated ground displacement time-series, at the cost of the reduced temporal sampling of the data measurements. Thus, variable-length ground displacement time-series are generated. The presented experiments have been carried out by applying the developed technique to a SAR dataset acquired by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) sensors over the Basilicata region, Southern Italy. In the continuation of the thesis work, the properties characterizing the phase non-closure of multi-look SAR interferograms are explored. Precisely, we study the implications of multi-look phase time incongruences on the generation of ground displacement time-series through SB Mt-InSAR methods. Our research clarifies how these phase inconsistencies can propagate through a time-redundant network of SB interferograms and contribute, along with PhU errors, to the quality of the generated ground displacement products. Moreover, we analyze the effects of short-lived phase bias signals that could happen in sequences of short baseline interferograms and propose a strategy for their mitigation. The developed methods have been tested using both simulated and real SAR data. The latter were collected by the Sentinel-1A/B (C-band) sensors over the study areas of Nevada state, U.S., and Sicily Island, Italy. After the development of algorithms for the satellite part, the work veers to ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) sensors. In this field, we propose a method for estimating and compensating the atmospheric phase screen (APS) in sets of SAR interferograms generated with a GB-SAR instrument. We address the presented approach’s physical, statistical, and mathematical framework by discussing its potential and limitations. In contrast with other existing algorithms that estimate the APS from the unwrapped phase signals, our methodology is based on the straightforward analysis of the wrapped phases, directly. Therefore, the method is not affected by any potential phase unwrapping mistake, and it is suitable for Mt-InSAR applications. The effects of the local topography, the decorrelation noise, and the ground deformation on the APS estimates are deeply studied. Experiments performed on simulated and real GB-SAR InSAR data corroborate the validity of the theory. In particular, the simulated results show that the method is beneficial in zones with medium-to-high topographic slopes (e.g., for Alpine and mountainous regions). Further, an interferometric SAR application for the study of three-dimensional (3-D) deformation through the joint and integrated use of satellite and ground SAR data is presented. More precisely, the interferometric data-combining technique exploits the innovative Mt-InSAR algorithms mentioned above, and allows obtaining 3-D mean displacement velocity maps at the finest spatial grid among the available data. In conclusion, also some interested satellite SAR applications in prevention and analysis of particular natural and human-induced disasters are given.
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Penner, Justin Frank. "Development of a Grond-Based High-Resolution 3D-SAR System for Studying the Microwave Scattering Characteristics of Trees." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2889.

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This thesis presents the development of a high-resolution ground-based 3D-SAR system and investigates its application to microwave-vegetation studies. The development process of the system is detailed including an enumeration of high-level requirements, discussions on key design issues, and detailed descriptions of the system down to a component level. The system operates on a 5.4 GHz (C-band) signal, provides a synthetic aperture area of 1.7 m x 1.7 m, and offers resolution of 0.75 m x 0.3 m x 0.3 m (range x azimuth x elevation). The system is employed on several trees with varying physical characteristics. The resulting imagery demonstrates successful 3D reconstruction of the trees and some of their internal features. The individual leaves and small branches are not visible due to the system resolution and the size of the wavelength. The foliage's outline and internal density distribution is resolved. Large branches are visible where geometry is favorable. Trunks are always visible due to their size and normal-facing incidence surface and their return has the strongest contribution from their base. The imagery is analyzed for dependencies on radar and tree parameters including: incidence angle, signal frequency, polarization, inclusion size, water content, and species. In the current work, a single frequency (5.4 GHz) and polarization (HH) is used which leaves the door open for future analysis to use other frequencies and polarizations. The improved resolution capabilities of the 3D-SAR system enables more precise backscatter measurements leading to a greater understanding of microwave-vegetation scattering behavior.
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Sikaneta, Ishuwa C. "Detection of ground moving objects with synthetic aperture radar." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29164.

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This thesis investigates Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) using a multi-aperture Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). GMTI relevant methods to process the SAR data collected from a strip-map system are presented. Techniques for mitigation of processing ambiguities are proposed, and a map-drift based automatic focus algorithm for the moving targets is developed. Target detectors based on the multi-channel covariance matrix are presented. Comparisons of the proposed detectors with classical methods, such as Displaced Phase Centre Antenna (DPCA), or Along Track Interferometry (ATI), show increased capability in non-ideal terrain types. By decomposing the complex Wishart probability distribution of the covariance matrix into probability distributions of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we derive the receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) of the new detection metrics in ideal terrain. The complete analysis is presented for a two-channel system as well as for special cases of the three-channel system. Finally, since implementation of the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detectors using the new metrics requires estimation of the local scene parameters, a new parameter estimation method is presented. This parameter estimation technique suggests an extension of the current statistical model of the SAR data; an extension that is also examined.
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Wu, Di. "Sparsity driven ground moving target indication in synthetic aperture radar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31329.

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was first invented in the early 1950s as the remote surveillance instruments to produce high resolution 2D images of the illuminated scene with weather-independent, day-or-night performance. Compared to the Real Aperture Radar (RAR), SAR is synthesising a large virtual aperture by moving a small antenna along the platform path. Typical SAR imaging systems are designed with the basic assumption of a static scene, and moving targets are widely known to induce displacements and defocusing in the formed images. While the capabilities of detection, states estimation and imaging for moving targets with SAR are highly desired in both civilian and military applications, the Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) techniques can be integrated into SAR systems to realise these challenging missions. The state-of-the- art SAR-based GMTI is often associated with multi-channel systems to improve the detection capabilities compared to the single-channel ones. Motivated by the fact that the SAR imaging is essentially solving an optimisation problem, we investigate the practicality to reformulate the GMTI process into the optimisation form. Furthermore, the moving target sparsities and underlying similarities between the conventional GMTI processing and sparse reconstruction algorithms drive us to consider the compressed sensing theory in SAR/GMTI applications. This thesis aims to establish an end-to-end SAR/GMTI processing framework regularised by target sparsities based on multi-channel SAR models. We have explained the mathematical model of the SAR system and its key properties in details. The common GMTI mechanism and basics of the compressed sensing theory are also introduced in this thesis. The practical implementation of the proposed framework is provided in this work. The developed model is capable of realising various SAR/GMTI tasks including SAR image formation, moving target detection, target state estimation and moving target imaging. We also consider two essential components, i.e. the data pre-processing and elevation map, in this work. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through both simulations and real data. Given that our focus in this thesis is on the development of a complete sparsity-aided SAR/GMTI framework, the contributions of this thesis can be summarised as follows. First, the effects of SAR channel balancing techniques and elevation information in SAR/GMTI applications are analysed in details. We have adapted these essential components to the developed framework for data pre-processing, system specification estimation and better SAR/GMTI accuracies. Although the purpose is on enhancing the proposed sparsity-based SAR/GMTI framework, the exploitation of the DEM in other SAR/GMTI algorithms may be of independent interest. Secondly, we have designed a novel sparsity-aided framework which integrates the SAR/GMTI missions, i.e. SAR imaging, moving target and background decomposition, and target state estimation, into optimisation problems. A practical implementation of the proposed framework with a two stage process and theoretically/experimentally proven algorithms are proposed in this work. The key novelty on utilising optimisations and target sparsities is explained in details. Finally, a practical algorithm for moving target imaging and state estimation is developed to accurately estimate the full target parameters and form target images with relocation and refocusing capabilities. Compared to the previous processing steps for practical applications, the designed algorithm consistently relies on the exploitation of target sparsities which forms the final processing stage of the whole pipeline. All the developed components contribute coherently to establish a complete sparsity driven SAR/GMTI processing framework.
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Wanwiwake, Tippawan. "A microsatellite based synthetic aperture radar (SAR)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548360.

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Knight, Chad P. "Convex Model-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2340.

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The use of radar often conjures up images of small blobs on a screen. But current synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are able to generate near-optical quality images with amazing benefits compared to optical sensors. These SAR sensors work in all weather conditions, day or night, and provide many advanced capabilities to detect and identify targets of interest. These amazing abilities have made SAR sensors a work-horse in remote sensing, and military applications. SAR sensors are ranging instruments that operate in a 3D environment, but unfortunately the results and interpretation of SAR images have traditionally been done in 2D. Three-dimensional SAR images could provide improved target detection and identification along with improved scene interpretability. As technology has increased, particularly regarding our ability to solve difficult optimization problems, the 3D SAR reconstruction problem has gathered more interest. This dissertation provides the SAR and mathematical background required to pose a SAR 3D reconstruction problem. The problem is posed in a way that allows prior knowledge about the target of interest to be integrated into the optimization problem when known. The developed model is demonstrated on simulated data initially in order to illustrate critical concepts in the development. Then once comprehension is achieved the processing is applied to actual SAR data. The 3D results are contrasted against the current gold- standard. The results are shown as 3D images demonstrating the improvement regarding scene interpretability that this approach provides.
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West, Roger D. "Model-Based Stripmap Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/962.

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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a type of remote sensor that provides its own illumination and is capable of forming high resolution images of the reflectivity of a scene. The reflectivity of the scene that is measured is dependent on the choice of carrier frequency; different carrier frequencies will yield different images of the same scene. There are different modes for SAR sensors; two common modes are spotlight mode and stripmap mode. Furthermore, SAR sensors can either be continuously transmitting a signal, or they can transmit a pulse at some pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The work in this dissertation is for pulsed stripmap SAR sensors. The resolvable limit of closely spaced reflectors in range is determined by the bandwidth of the transmitted signal and the resolvable limit in azimuth is determined by the bandwidth of the induced azimuth signal, which is strongly dependent on the length of the physical antenna on the SAR sensor. The point-spread function (PSF) of a SAR system is determined by these resolvable limits and is limited by the physical attributes of the SAR sensor. The PSF of a SAR system can be defined in different ways. For example, it can be defined in terms of the SAR system including the image processing algorithm. By using this definition, the PSF is an algorithm-specific sinc-like function and produces the bright, star-like artifacts that are noticeable around strong reflectors in the focused image. The PSF can also be defined in terms of just the SAR system before any image processing algorithm is applied. This second definition of the PSF will be used in this dissertation. Using this definition, the bright, algorithm-specific, star-like artifacts will be denoted as the inter-pixel interference (IPI) of the algorithm. To be specific, the combined effect of the second definition of PSF and the algorithm-dependent IPI is a decomposition of the first definition of PSF. A new comprehensive forward model for stripmap SAR is derived in this dissertation. New image formation methods are derived in this dissertation that invert this forward model and it is shown that the IPI that corrupts traditionally processed stripmap SAR images can be removed. The removal of the IPI can increase the resolvability to the resolution limit, thus making image analysis much easier. SAR data is inherently corrupted by uncompensated phase errors. These phase errors lower the contrast of the image and corrupt the azimuth processing which inhibits proper focusing (to the point of the reconstructed image being unusable). If these phase errors are not compensated for, the images formed by system inversion are useless, as well. A model-based autofocus method is also derived in this dissertation that complements the forward model and corrects these phase errors before system inversion.
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Books on the topic "Ground based synthetic aperture radar"

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G, Douglas Dennis, and Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), eds. A Study to determine the feasibility of using a ground-penetrating radar for more effective remediation of subsurface contamination. Cincinnati, Ohio: Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C., 1992.

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SAR, United States Interagency Ad Hoc Working Group on. Operational use of civil space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Polidori, Laurent. Cartographie radar. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1997.

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European, Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (1996 Königswinter Germany). EUSAR '96, European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 26-28 March 1996, Königswinter, Germany. Berlin: VDE-Verlag, 1996.

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Development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and. High resolution air- and spaceborne radar. Neuilly sur Seine, France: AGARD, 1989.

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European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (5th 2004 Ulm, Germany). EUSAR 2004: Proceedings : 5th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar : May 25-27, 2004, Ulm, Germany. Berlin: VDE-Verlag, 2004.

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European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (5th 2004 Ulm, Germany). EUSAR 2004: Proceedings : 5th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar : May 25-27, 2004, Ulm, Germany. Berlin: VDE-Verlag, 2004.

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Heywood, Charles E. Ground displacements caused by aquifer-system water-level variations observed using interferometric synthetic aperture radar near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Heywood, Charles E. Ground displacements caused by aquifer-system water-level variations observed using interferometric synthetic aperture radar near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 2002.

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Heywood, Charles E. Ground displacements caused by aquifer-system water-level variations observed using interferometric synthetic aperture radar near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ground based synthetic aperture radar"

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Galati, Gaspare. "From Ground to Space-Based Radar—The Adventure of the Italian Synthetic Aperture Radar." In 100 Years of Radar, 253–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00584-3_8.

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Wang, Yuexiang, Hongyong Yang, and Gaohuan Lv. "Ground Moving Target Indication Based on Doppler Spectrum in Synthetic Aperture Radar Images." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 53–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6499-9_6.

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Mitri, Hani, and Isaac Vennes. "Rock Slope Surface Monitoring Technologies with Focus on Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 1251–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_121.

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Huntley, David, Drew Rotheram-Clarke, Roger MacLeod, Robert Cocking, Philip LeSueur, Bill Lakeland, and Alec Wilson. "Scalable Platform for UAV Flight Operations, Data Capture, Cloud Processing and Image Rendering of Landslide Hazards and Surface Change Detection for Disaster-Risk Reduction." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 49–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_4.

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AbstractThis International Programme on Landslide (IPL) Project 202 paper presents a scalable remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS) platform that streamlines unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) flight operations for data capture, cloud processing and image rendering to inventory and monitor slow-moving landslides along the national railway transportation corridor in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Merging UAV photogrammetry, ground-based real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK-GNSS) measurements, and satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) datasets best characterizes the distribution, morphology and activity of landslides over time. Our study shows that epochal UAV photogrammetry, benchmarked with periodic ground-based RTK-GNSS measurements and satellite InSAR platforms with repeat visit times of weeks (e.g., RADARSAT-2 and SENTINEL-1) to days (e.g. RADARSAT Constellation Mission) provides rapid landslide monitoring capability with cm-scale precision and accuracy.
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Marino, Armando. "Synthetic Aperture Radar." In A New Target Detector Based on Geometrical Perturbation Filters for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POL-SAR), 9–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27163-2_2.

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Lopez-Sanchez, J. M., J. D. Ballester-Berman, F. Vicente-Guijalba, S. R. Cloude, H. McNairn, J. Shang, H. Skriver, et al. "Agriculture and Wetland Applications." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 119–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_3.

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AbstractBased on experimental results, this chapter describes applications of SAR polarimetry to extract relevant information on agriculture and wetland scenarios by exploiting differences in the polarimetric signature of different scatterers, crop types and their development stage depending on their physical properties. Concerning agriculture, crop type mapping, soil moisture estimation and phenology estimation are reviewed, as they are ones with a clear benefit of full polarimetry over dual or single polarimetry. For crop type mapping, supervised or partially unsupervised classification schemes are used. Phenology estimation is treated as a classification problem as well, by regarding the different stages as different classes. Soil moisture estimation makes intensive use of scattering models, in order to separate soil and vegetation scattering and to invert for soil moisture from the isolated ground component. Then, applications of SAR polarimetry to wetland monitoring are considered that include the delineation of their extent and their characterisation by means of polarimetric decompositions. In the last section of the chapter, the use of a SAR polarimetric decomposition is shown for the assessment of the damages consequential to earthquakes and tsunamis.
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Hajnsek, I., G. Parrella, A. Marino, T. Eltoft, M. Necsoiu, L. Eriksson, and M. Watanabe. "Cryosphere Applications." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 179–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_4.

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AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides large coverage and high resolution, and it has been proven to be sensitive to both surface and near-surface features related to accumulation, ablation, and metamorphism of snow and firn. Exploiting this sensitivity, SAR polarimetry and polarimetric interferometry found application to land ice for instance for the estimation of wave extinction (which relates to sub surface ice volume structure) and for the estimation of snow water equivalent (which relates to snow density and depth). After presenting these applications, the Chapter proceeds by reviewing applications of SAR polarimetry to sea ice for the classification of different ice types, the estimation of thickness, and the characterisation of its surface. Finally, an application to the characterisation of permafrost regions is considered. For each application, the used (model-based) decomposition and polarimetric parameters are critically described, and real data results from relevant airborne campaigns and space borne acquisitions are reported.
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Semenov, Alexander, Maciej Rysz, and Garrett Demeyer. "Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Based Navigation Using Siamese Neural Networks." In Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data Applications, 79–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21225-3_4.

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Kumar, Anil, Rajat Garg, and Shashi Kumar. "Implementation of Neural Network-Based Classification Models on Multifrequency Band SAR Dataset." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 107–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-5.

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Kumar, Vinay, Nyamaa Tserendulam, and Rajat Subhra Chatterjee. "Scatterer-Based Deformation Monitoring Induced Due to Coal Mining by DInSAR Techniques." In Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing, 351–62. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003204466-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ground based synthetic aperture radar"

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Schartel, Markus, Ralf Burr, Winfried Mayer, Nando Docci, and Christian Waldschmidt. "UAV-Based Ground Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar." In 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmim.2018.8443503.

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Yigit, Enes, Atilla Unal, Adem Kaya, Sevket Demirci, Harun Cetinkaya, Caner Ozdemir, and Alexey Vertiy. "Millimeter-wave ground based synthetic aperture radar measurements." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6050826.

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Silvestru, Nicusor Ciprian, Mirel Paun, and Razvan D. Tamas. "Software-defined ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry." In Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies XI, edited by Marian Vladescu, Ionica Cristea, and Razvan D. Tamas. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2642460.

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He, Qian, Cheng Hu, Shouchang Guo, Weiming Tian, and Yunkai Deng. "Image enhancement based on lognormal distribution in ground-based synthetic aperture radar." In 2016 CIE International Conference on Radar (RADAR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2016.8059215.

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Pieraccini, Massimiliano, Neda Rojhani, and Lapo Miccinesi. "Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar with 3D Imaging Capability." In 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eurad.2018.8546555.

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Qi, Lin, Mingzhi Zhang, Weixian Tan, Pingping Huang, Wei Xu, and Yaolong Qi. "Slope Sliding Direction Estimate Based on Ground-based D-InSAR." In 2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar46974.2019.9048484.

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Paun, Mirel. "Stepped-frequency software-defined ground-based synthetic aperture radar." In Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies 2020, edited by Marian Vladescu, Ionica Cristea, and Razvan D. Tamas. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2570389.

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Wang, Suyun, Weike Feng, Kazutaka Kikuta, Grigory Chernyak, and Motoyuki Sato. "Ground-Based Bistatic Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar System." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900455.

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Allen, Christopher, John Paden, David Dunson, and Prasad Gogineni. "Ground-based multi-channel synthetic-aperture radar for mapping the ice-bed interface." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4720992.

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Ying, Liu, Zhuang long, Hao Ming, Nie Xin, and Nie Song. "Ground Moving Target Imaging Based on Joint CSI-MD Method." In 2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar46974.2019.9048343.

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Reports on the topic "Ground based synthetic aperture radar"

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John Kirk. Signal based motion compensation for synthetic aperture radar. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764587.

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Matzner, Shari. Model-Based Information Extraction From Synthetic Aperture Radar Signals. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.248.

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Dogaru, Traian. Model-Based Radar Power Calculations for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada583569.

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Dudley, J. P., and S V Samsonov. The Government of Canada automated processing system for change detection and ground deformation analysis from RADARSAT-2 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission Synthetic Aperture Radar data: description and user guide. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327790.

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Dudley, J. P., and S. V. Samsonov. Système de traitement automatisé du gouvernement canadien pour la détection des variations et l'analyse des déformations du sol à partir des données de radar à synthèse d'ouverture de RADARSAT-2 et de la mission de la Constellation RADARSAT : description et guide de l'utilisateur. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329134.

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Remote sensing using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers powerful methods for monitoring ground deformation from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Advanced analysis techniques such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR), change detection, and Speckle Offset Tracking (SPO) provide sensitive measures of ground movement. With both the RADARSAT-2 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) SAR satellites, Canada has access to a significant catalogue of SAR data. To make use of this data, the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) has developed an automated system for generating standard and advanced deformation products from SAR data using both DInSAR and SPO methods. This document provides a user guide for this automated processing system.
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Dudley, J. P., and S. V. Samsonov. SAR interferometry with the RADARSAT Constellation Mission. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329396.

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The RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) is Canada's latest system of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth observation satellites. The system of three satellites, spaced equally in a common orbit, allows for a rapid four-day repeat interval. The RCM has been designed with a selection of stripmap, spotlight, and ScanSAR beam modes which offer varied combinations of spatial resolution and coverage. Using Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques, the growing archive of SAR data gathered by RCM can be used for change detection and ground deformation monitoring for diverse applications in Canada and around the world. In partnership with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) has developed an automated system for generating standard and advanced deformation products and change detection from SAR data acquired by RCM and RADARSAT-2 satellites using DInSAR processing methodology. Using this system, this paper investigates four key interferometric properties of the RCM system which were not available on the RADARSAT-1 or RADARSAT-2 missions: The impact of the high temporal resolution of the four-day repeat cycle of the RCM on temporal decorrelation trends is tested and fitted against simple temporal decay models. The effect of the normalization and the precision of the radiometric calibration on interferometric spatial coherence is investigated. The performance of the RCM ScanSAR mode for wide area interferometric analysis is tested. The performance of the novel RCM Compact-polarization (CP) mode for interferometric analysis is also investigated.
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Werle, D. Radar remote sensing for application in forestry: a literature review for investigators and potential users of SAR data in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329188.

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Information provided in this document allows potential users of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery as well as investigators participating in the Canadian Radar Data Development Program (RDDP) to obtain an overview of achievements, limitations and future potential of radar remote sensing for application in forestry, as portrayed in the published literature. Investigations concerned with radar remote sensing and its potential for application in forestry are reviewed. The main focus of these studies was the determination of microwave backscatter characteristics of forestry targets using different radar parameters, such as frequency, polarizations and incidence angle. Examples of selected targets include the following: coniferous and deciduous tree species, stands of different structure, age, tree height, clearcuts, or forestry environments in general as they change with the seasons. More than 75 studies based on airborne imaging radar, spaceborne radar as well as scatterometer data have been considered. Previous reviews which summarize information available in western Europe and North America are briefly introduced. Then, recent investigations covering the time period from the early 1980's onward are portrayed and discussed. The main results are summarized in a set of conclusions, followed by list of selected references and a list of Canadian institutions and organizations currently involved in radar remote sensing R&D for application in forestry.
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Ground displacements caused by aquifer-system water-level variations observed using interferometric synthetic aperture radar near Albuquerque, New Mexico. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024235.

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