Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ground and surface water environments'
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Kikuchi, Colin. "Spatially Telescoping Measurements for Characterization of Ground Water - Surface Water Interactions along Lucile Creek, Alaska." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202976.
Full textColgan, Gary A. "Estimating surface/ground-water mixing using stable environmental isotopes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0042_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textZwierschke, Kerry Hughes. "IMPACT OF TURFGRASS SYSTEMS ON THE NUTRIENT STATUS OF SURFACE WATER, AND GROUND WATER." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235150457.
Full textZhu, Danyun. "Determination of Residential-Use Turf Pesticides in Surface and Ground Water by HPLC/DAD." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ZhuD2003.pdf.
Full textSloan, William Taylor. "Up-scaling hydrological processes and the development of a large-scale river basin modelling system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299643.
Full textLee, Ronald Sang. "A physical assessment of Snake Pond of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, including a thermal and surface/ground water model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42686.
Full textDara, Rebwar Nasir. "Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for identifying floodplain and riverbed structural heterogeneity and implications for groundwater-surface water exchange." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8016/.
Full textKgomotso, Phemo Karen. "Global environmental agreements and local livelihoods : how the internationalisation of environmental resources shapes access to and control over wetland resources in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/38451/.
Full textSchoeman, Nika Anna. "Prevalence, characterisation and potential origin of Escherichia coli found in surface and ground waters utilized for irrigation of fresh produce." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79801.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the use of water sources for irrigation, as well as an increase in Escherichia coli outbreaks linked to fresh produce. The full extent and type of E. coli contamination present in natural water sources is unknown and the contamination sources have also not been confirmed. The aim of this study was to enumerate and characterise E. coli from both irrigation water and potential contamination source sites. Total coliform and E. coli counts found in contamination source sites were as high as log 7.114 and log 6.912 MPN.100 mL-1, respectively. Total coliform and E. coli counts for irrigation sites were lower, with maximum counts of log 5.788 and log 5.768 MPN.100 mL-1, respectively. It was found that more than one third (5/14 = 35.71%) of the irrigation sites had E. coli counts exceeding the guidelines (<1 000 counts.100 mL-1) for ‘safe’ irrigation water for fresh produce (<1 000 counts.100 mL-1) as set by the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) and World Health Organisation (WHO), making the water unsuitable for the irrigation of fresh produce. Phylogenetic subgroups (A0, A1, B1, B22, B23, D1 and D2) and the MALDI Biotyper system (PCA dendrogram) were used to create a fingerprint of each E. coli isolated from the environment. These were then used to link E. coli strains from irrigation water to their most probable contamination origin. Escherichia coli population structure was found in this study, to be better suited for linking E. coli strains from irrigation water to their most likely source, than just applying the phylogenetic grouping. The MALDI Biotyper data in combination with the phylogenetic subgroup assignment was then used to group similar strains and link E. coli from irrigation water to their contamination sources by comparing population structures. Strains isolated from surface and groundwater showed similar distribution patterns, but groundwater strains showed a population structure more indicative of porcine and bovine origin, while surface water showed population characteristics which could not be used to make conclusive links between the irrigation water and suspected contamination sources. When investigating the population structures of individual sample sites, it was found that phylogenetic subgroups A0, A1 and B1 frequently made up the bulk of the E. coli population. It was also found that linking individual irrigation sites to contamination sources was successful, as irrigation site Berg-2 was found to have a similar population structure to contamination source site Plank-1 which represents human pollution from an informal settlement. This led to the conclusion that Berg-2 was being contaminated by human pollution, most probably from an informal settlement. Upon further investigation it was found that Berg-2 is downstream of an informal settlement, proving that E. coli population structure is a successful means of microbial source tracking (MST). Virulence factors of the 153 E. coli isolated during the study were identified and the potential risk associated with using the investigated irrigation water for irrigation of fresh produce, was determined. Two enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains were isolated from the irrigation water, one from the Plankenburg River water, and the other from a borehole in the Drakenstein area. The latter indicates that borehole water is not as safe as was once thought, and that there are bacterial contaminants finding their way into groundwater. The occurrence of an EPEC strain in river water shows that neither ground nor surface water is guaranteed to be safe, and that treatment of water being used for the irrigation of fresh produce should be implemented.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die afgelope twee dekades was daar nie net 'n toename in die gebruik van alternatiewe waterbronne vir besproeiing nie, maar ook 'n toename in uitbrake van Escherichia coli uitbrake wat aan vars produkte gekoppel kan word. Die tipe E. coli-besmetting wat in natuurlike waterbronne teenwoordig is, is onbekend en die besmettingsbron is ook nog nie bevestig nie. Daarom was die doel van hierdie studie om die voorkomssyfer van E. coli van beide besproeiingswater en potensiële kontaminasiebronne te bepaal, asook om die E. coli te karakteriseer. Totale kolivorme en E. coli-tellings wat in kontaminasiebronne gevind is, het ‘n maksimum van log 7,114 en log 6,912 MPN.100 mL-1 onderskeidelik bereik, terwyl die totale kolivorme en E. coli-tellings vir besproeiingswater laer was, met 'n maksimum van log 5,788 en 5,768 MPN.100 mL-1, onderskeidelik. Dit is bevind dat meer as 1/3 (5/14 = 35,71%) van die besproeiingswaterbronne meer E. coli bevat as wat toegelaat word in die riglyne vir "veilige" besproeiingswater vir vars produkte (<1 000 fekale koliforme.100 mL-1) wat deur die Departement Waterwese (DWA) en die Organisasie vir Wêreldgesondheid (WHO) aanbeveel word. Filogenetiese subgroepe (A0, A1, B1, B22, B23, D1 en D2) en die ‘MALDI Biotyper’-stelsel (PKA dendrogram) is gebruik om unieke profiele vir elke geïsoleerde E. coli te skep. Dié profiele is daarna gebruik om E. coli-stamme van besproeiingswater te koppel aan die mees waarskynlike oorsprong van kontaminasie. Daar is in hierdie studie bevind dat die E. coli-populasiestruktuur beter geskik was vir die koppeling van E. coli-stamme van besproeiingswater na hul mees waarskynlikste bron, as net die toepassing van die filogenetiese groepering. Dit was toe gevind dat E. coli wat uit oppervlak- en grondwater geïsoleer is, soortgelyke verspreidingspatrone het, maar grondwaterstamme se bevolkingstruktuur is meer aanduidend van fekale besmetting deur varke en beeste, terwyl oppervlakwater se bevolkingseienskappe nie duidelik genoeg was om ‘n gevolgtrekking oor moontlike bronne van besmetting te maak nie. Toe die populasiestruktuur van die individuele bemonsteringspunte ondersoek is, is daar bevind dat die filogenetiese subgroepe A0, A1 en B1 dikwels die meeste tot die E. coli bevolking bydra. Daar is ook bevind dat die koppeling van isolate in individuele besproeiingswaterbronne met hul mees waarskynlike bronne van kontaminasie suksesvol was. Besproeiingswater van Berg-2 het 'n soortgelyke populasiestruktuur as Plank-1 wat beskou is as ‘n kontaminasiebron. Dit het gelei tot die gevolgtrekking dat Berg-2 heel waarskynlik deur menslike besoedeling beïnvloed word, soos Plank-1, en dat daar moontlik ook ‘n informele nedersetting by Berg-2 betrokke is. Na verdere ondersoek is gevind dat Berg-2 inderdaad ook stroomaf van 'n ander informele nedersetting geleë is, wat bewys dat die E. coli-populasiestruktuur 'n suksesvolle manier is om E. coli kontaminasie te verbind met besproeiingswater. Patogeniese faktore, wat in E. coli voorkom en maagkieme veroorsaak, is vooraf getoets in elkeen van die 153 E. coli-isolate wat tydens die studie geïdentifiseer is. Twee ‘enteropathogenic’ E. coli (EPEC)-stamme is uit die besproeiingswater geïsoleer: een uit die Plankenburgrivier (Plank-3), en die ander uit 'n boorgat in die Drakenstein-gebied (Boorgat A1). Hierdie inligting dui aan dat boorgatwater nie so veilig is as wat voorheen vermoed is nie, en dat bakteriese kontaminasie wel vookom wat nie alleen die grondwater besmet nie, maar ook daarin oorleef. Die voorkoms van die EPEC-stamme in hierdie studie is ‘n aanduiding dat beide grond- en opppervlakwater ewe gevaarlik kan wees, en dat daar dus geen waarborg vir die veiligheid van die water is nie. Die behandeling van grond- en oppervlakwater, wat vir die besproeiing van vars produkte gebruik word, moet daarom ernstig oorweeg word om moontlike uitbrake van E. coli op vars produkte te verhoed.
Li, Xuan. "Fate of Silver Nanoparticles in Surface Water Environments." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1320888780.
Full textVionnet, Leticia Beatriz 1960. "Modeling of ground-water flow and surface water/ground-water interactions of the San Pedro River Basin, Cochise County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278134.
Full textMcCary, John. "Incorporating surficial aquifer ground-water fluxes into surface-water resource management studies." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001095.
Full textRosenberry, Donald O. "Influence of fluvial processes on exchange between ground water and surface water." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284456.
Full textAnderson, Jacob. "Geochemical Tracers of Surface Water and Ground Water Contamination from Road Salt." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3313.
Full textThe application of road de-icers has lead to increasing solute concentrations in surface and ground water across the northern US, Canada, and northern Europe. In a public water supply well field in southeastern Massachusetts, USA, chloride concentrations in ground water from an unconfined aquifer have steadily risen for the past twenty years. The objectives of this study are to understand spatial and temporal trends in road salt concentrations in order to identify contamination sources and fate. To this end, the methods of this project include field and lab work. Water samples were collected from surface, near-surface, and ground water from March 2012 to March 2013. The other major field data are specific conductance measurements from probes located in three piezometers. In the lab, all samples were analyzed for major ions with ion chromatography analysis. Additionally, trace elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma analysis on a subset of samples. The results of these hydrogeochemical procedures showed several important trends. First, the highest concentrations of sodium and chloride from near-surface samples were located near to roadways. Second, ground water samples taken from glacial sediments contained relatively high concentrations throughout the water column, whereas ground water samples from wetlands had high concentrations only near the surface. Third, there was no clear relationship between pH and cation concentrations. Finally, specific conductance data showed strong seasonal trends near to the surface, whereas values taken from deeper in the aquifer were steadily increasing. Based on these results, it is highly probable that road salt application is the dominate contamination source. The pathways of road salt in the watershed include runoff into surface water and infiltration into the vadose zone and ground water. Road salt appears to preferentially travel through glacial features rather than floodplain features. It is possible that sodium from road salt is sorbed to aquifer sediment and displaces other cations. However, the low values of trace metals suggest that cation exchange is not mobilizing heavy metals. Finally, the increasing specific conductance values deep in the aquifer suggest that road salt is retained within the aquifer and concentrations will likely increase in the future if the current road salt application procedures are continued
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
Chung, Ying-Hua. "Water behavior in different biological environments." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1213.
Full textGrundy, Ian H. "Air flow near a water surface /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg889.pdf.
Full textCoes, Alissa L., and Alissa L. Coes. "A GEOCHEMICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINE GROUND-WATER FLOW PATTERNS IN THE SIERRA VISTA BASIN, ARIZONA, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON GROUND-WATER/SURFACE-WATER INTERACTION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622969.
Full textNam, Kijin. "Optimization of paths and locations of water quality monitoring systems in surface water environments." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24745.
Full textCommittee Chair: Aral, Mustafa; Committee Member: Guan, Jiabao; Committee Member: Kim, Seong-Hee; Committee Member: Roberts, Philip; Committee Member: Uzer, Turgay.
Vionnet, Leticia Beatriz, Thomas III Maddock, and David C. Goodrich. "Investigations of stream-aquifer interactions using a coupled surface-water and ground-water flow model." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615700.
Full textRobinson, J. Mike. "Chemical and Hydrostratigraphic Characterization of Ground Water and Surface Water Interactions in Cache Valley, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6717.
Full textBiddulph, Matilda. "Testing the efficacy of mitigation measures for reducing fine sediment and associated pollutant delivery to and through rivers in agricultural catchments of England." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2016. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/9543/.
Full textHadley, Heidi K. "Hydrochemical Definition of Ground Water and Surface Water, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Ground-Water Salinity in Southern Juab Valley, Juab County, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6706.
Full textFleming, Brandon J. "Effects of anthropogenic stage fluctuations on surface water/ground water interactions along the Deerfield River, Massachusetts." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/226/.
Full textVionnet, Leticia Beatriz, and Thomas Maddock. "Modeling of Ground-Water Flow and Surface/Ground-Water Interaction for the San Pedro River Basin Part I Mexican Border to Fairbank, Arizona." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614152.
Full textVan, Metre Peter Chapman 1956, and Metre Peter Chapman 1956 Van. "Flow and water quality relations between surface water and ground water in the Puerco River basin near Chambers, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277926.
Full textNeaville, Chris C. "Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water and surface-water flow in Pinal Creek Basin, Gila County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1991_400_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textOztas, Nur Banu. "Pesticide Pollution In Surface And Ground Water Of An Agricultural Area, Kumluca, Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609445/index.pdf.
Full textLauwo, Simon Yesse. "A modeling investigation of ground and surface water fluxes for Konza Tallgrass Prairie." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/470.
Full textCairampoma, Arroyo Alberto, and Vega Paul Villegas. "Legal regime ground water in Peru." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108913.
Full textEn el presente artículo se estudia el régimen jurídico de las aguas subterráneas, analizando el marco de la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos y reconociendo su definición y particularidades.Asimismo, se analiza la titularidad de las aguas subterráneas, el régimen de planificación aplicable, las actividades de exploración y explotación, sus títulos habilitantes, la actividad de supervisión que sobre ellas recae, para finalmente, dejar anotados los regímenes especiales de gestión y limitación reconocidos en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano.
Mathipa, Morongwa Mary. "Analysis of the bio-physicochemical quality of surface and ground water in the Tubatse Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1663.
Full textHuman activities are known to be the major contributors to contamination of natural water sources. This becomes a serious health risk when the communities rely on the same water sources for their household water needs. The current study investigated the bio-physicochemical quality of surface and ground waters found in a mining area in the Tubatse locality, for their suitability for drinking and other household use. The bacteriological analyses of surface waters showed dominance by genera of the phylum Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The isolates included the genera Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Cronobacter, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Serratia, Bordetella, Kocuria and Streptococcus. This dominance pattern is proportionately similar to the pattern reported on human skin and of gut biota. Enterobacter spp. were the predominant species in the surface waters, followed by Bordetella spp. With regard to ground water, one sample was laden with coliforms whereas the other sample was free of coliforms. Physical quality parameters such as turbidity, colour and (total suspended solids) TSS of the surface and ground water samples were compliant with the set standards for drinking water according to South African water quality guidelines (2005). The concentrations of Zn, [SCN-], Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, H2O2, Cl2 were determined in the surface and ground waters in dry and wet seasons as well. A non-significant decrease in the levels of Cl2 and [SCN-] and an increase in TDS and Cr were observed in the wet season. All metal and chemical levels in surface and ground water, except Cr, were lower than permitted concentration for drinking water. However the concentrations of Zn, Fe and Co exceeded the normal expected concentrations of < 3.5 μg/L, 0.5 mg/L, < 0.01 mg/L and < 5 μg/L respectively. The sediments and soil samples were digested with aqua regia for Cu, Cr, Fe, Co and Zn analyses. An increase in the levels of Zn, Cr and Co in the wet season was observed. The concentrations of the heavy metals such as Co, Cu and Cr were higher in sediments at the sampling points closer to the mining sites. Cytotoxicity assay was performed with different concentrations, as detected in the water and sediment samples, of Zn, [SCN-], Cr, Co, and Fe on C2C12 (mammalian) cells. An increase in viable cells was observed after treatment with Cr (0.2, 0.45 and 0.9 mg/L), Zn and Fe (1.0 and 2 mg/L), Co (2, 5 and 10 mg/L). Only cells treated with SCN- (3.3, 5.4 and 7.2 mg/L) exhibited a significant decrease in viability. These results demonstrate that the water in the Tubatse municipality is not suitable for drinking and other household purposes without prior treatment which will remove contaminating microorganisms and chemicals and heavy metals.
Davis, Laura Agnes. "Ground-Water Flow and Interaction with Surface Water in San Bernardino Valley, Cochise County, Arizona and Sonora Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191298.
Full textDavis, Laura Agnes, Thomas III Maddock, and Robert Mac Nish. "Ground-water flow and interaction with surface water in San Bernardino valley, Cochise county, Arizona and Sonora, Mexico." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615699.
Full textNeish, Catherine Dorothy. "Formation of Prebiotic Molecules in Liquid Water Environments on the Surface of Titan." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194180.
Full textSyaukat, Yusman. "Economics of integrated surface and ground water use management in the Jakarta region, Indonesia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0028/NQ51048.pdf.
Full textPullan, Stephanie. "Modelling of pesticide exposure in ground and surface waters used for public water supply." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8605.
Full textCho, Jae-Pil. "A comprehensive modeling approach for BMP impact assessment considering surface and ground water interaction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27890.
Full textPh. D.
Nalesso, Mauro. "Integrated Surface-Ground Water Modeling in Wetlands With Improved Methods to Simulate Vegetative Resistance to Flow." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/122.
Full textSchmid, Wolfgang, and Wolfgang Schmid. "A farm package for modflow-2000: Simulation of irrigation demand and conjunctively managed surface-water and ground-water supply." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626888.
Full textSchmid, Wolfgang. "A farm package for MODFLOW-2000 simulation of irrigation demand and conjunctively managed surface-water and ground-water supply /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2004_287_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textMoakes, Greg. "Study of Lithium Solvation Environments in Water-saturated Nitrobenzene." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14105.
Full textSchock, Kevin A. "Predicting Seepage of Leachate from the St. Johns Landfill to Ground and Surface Water Systems." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4648.
Full textPowers, Craig W. "Monitoring the Transport of Microorganisms in Aquatic Environments Using Unmanned Surface Vehicles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81961.
Full textPh. D.
Holmes, Stuart W. "Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Groundwater Thermal Anomalies at Zanesville Municipal Well Field, Ohio: Implications for Determination of River-Aquifer Connectivity Using Temperature Data." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1462026430.
Full textPearce, Meryl Winsome. "Assessment of factors influencing the quality of surface and ground water in the Hout Bay river catchment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001900.
Full textJenkins, Michael Edward 1961. "Ground and surface water assessments supporting instream flow protection at the Hassayampa River Preserve, Wickenburg, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277236.
Full textBrasseur, Philippe. "Experimental Study of the Growth and Stable Water Isotopes of Ice Formed by Vapour Deposition in Cold Environments." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34487.
Full textSimpson, Matthew. "An analysis of unconfined ground water flow characteristics near a seepage-face boundary." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0025.
Full textAsadishad, Bahareh. "Transport and survival of bacteria in model aquatic environments: role of water chemistry, surface geochemistry, and temperature." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121366.
Full textL'apparition d'agents pathogènes microbiens dans les sources d'eau potable est reconnu comme une menace importante pour la santé publique. Une meilleure compréhension des processus fondamentaux qui régissent le sort des pathogènes microbiens dans les aquifères d'eau souterraine peut contribuer à atténuer le risque de contamination de l'eau potable. L'attachement des agents pathogènes aux surfaces des nappes phréatiques et leur inactivation lorsqu'ils sont attachés et suspendus, sont les processus clés qui atténuent la concentration des pathogènes viables dans l'approvisionnement en eau potable. Bien qu'un effort substantiel de recherche ait été réalisé, visant à élucider le rôle de divers facteurs physiques, chimiques et biologiques sur le taux d'inactivation des microbes en suspension dans la phase aqueuse, notre compréhension de l'inactivation du microbe lorsqu'il est attaché à la surface des grains est limitée. Ainsi, le premier objectif de ce travail était de développer une technique expérimentale basée sur la fluorescence pour évaluer la cinétique d'inactivation de bactéries collées sur une surface dans un environnement aqueux. La technique est suffisamment sensible pour faire la distinction entre la cinétique d'inactivation de différentes bactéries représentatives, montées soit sur une surface chargée négativement ou positivement. La nouvelle méthode a ensuite été utilisée pour caractériser la cinétique d'inactivation bactérienne lorsqu'elle est reliée à la chimie de surface environnementale telle que les oxydes métalliques et ceci sur une large gamme de produits chimiques des eaux souterraines. La caractérisation de la liaison bactérienne de surface par spectroscopie photoélectronique X (XPS) a été utilisée pour interpréter le comportement de l'inactivation. Il a été observé que l'attachement des cellules aux surfaces métal-oxyde peut conduire à la formation de liaisons covalentes, plus précisément des liaisons O- et C-métal, entre la cellule et la surface, ce qui entraîne une réduction de la viabilité bactérienne (i.e. une perte de l'intégrité de la membrane cellulaire).Dans les régions à climat froid, les sols de surface ou proches de la surface subissent de basses températures et des périodes de gel-dégel (GD). Les micro-organismes qui sont des sources de préoccupation pour la qualité des eaux souterraines peuvent avoir le potentiel de survivre à basses températures et aux périodes de GD, dans le sol et les milieux aqueux. Bien qu'il existe une littérature abondante sur la survie des bactéries pathogènes à différentes conditions environnementales, on possède peu d'informations au sujet de leur transport dans les environnements d'eau souterraine à des températures basses et après GD. Ainsi, dans la deuxième partie du projet, l'effet de la température froide et l'effet des périodes GD répétés ont été étudiés sur les stratégies de survie telles que la mobilité et la formation de biofilms ainsi que la virulence des bactéries sélectionnées à Gram négatif et Gram positif . Les propriétés d'adhérence et le transport des bactéries exposées à des périodes de GD ont été étudiés à l'aide d'une microbalance à cristal de quartz avec mesure de la dissipation (QCM-D) et de l'eau contenue dans des colonnes saturées de sable. Les niveaux d'expression des différents gènes codant pour la synthèse de la flagelline, la production de la matrice extracellulaire et des facteurs de virulence ont été mesurés en utilisant la transcription par réaction en chaîne par polymérase inverse quantitative (qRT-PCR). Nos résultats démontrent que les bactéries présentent une plus grande rétention sur les grains de sable après l'exposition aux périodes de GD. En outre, les bactéries ont tendance à survivre pendant de longues périodes de temps et peuvent devenir plus virulent à basse température dans des eaux à plus grande force ionique posant ainsi une menace potentielle pour l'eau potable.
Kazour, Maria. "Active and passive biomonitoring tools for microplastics assessment in two highly polluted aquatic environments : case study of the Seine estuary and the Lebanese coast SOURCES OF MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: IMPORTANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND COASTAL LANDFILL MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION ALONG THE LEBANESE COAST (EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN): OCCURRENCE IN SURFACE WATER, SEDIMENTS AND BIOTA SAMPLES JUVENILE FISH CAGING AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING MICROPLASTICS CONTAMINATION IN ESTUARINE FISH NURSERY GROUNDS IS BLUE MUSSEL CAGING AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION?" Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0544.
Full textPlastic fabrication is increasing worldwide in response to daily human demands. This mass production is linked to the immense plastic marine litter found all around the world: each synthetic material is meant to find its way back into the aquatic systems. Anthropogenic pressure and the immense human population, the lack of appropriate plastic treatment process and the growing industrial activities advocate their presence in the aquatic environments. These plastics are then found in the form of microplastics (microscopic particle with a size < 5 mm) observed in the water, in the sediments and are prone to be ingested by various marine organisms along the trophic chain. This thesis focuses on (1) assessing microplastics sources and input into the aquatic environment and their occurrence in biota, and (2) to test the feasibility of using transplanted organisms (caging) for monitoring microplastics pollution in the marine coastal environment. Two coastal areas highly impacted by anthropogenic pressures were studied: Le Havre in France and the Lebanese coast. For the former, the role of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and an abandoned coastal landfill as pathways for microplastics (MPs) input into the marine environment was assessed. MPs were first analyzed in raw sewage influent, sludge and effluent samples, and their fate was studied along a distance gradient from the WWTP in three matrices: surface water, sediments and wild mussels (Mytilus spp). MPs were found in all matrices with a decreasing abundance from the effluent. Strong MPs abundances (higher than those found near the WWTP effluent) were observed in the vicinity of the coastal landfill suggesting its importance as a MPs entry route into the marine coastal environment. Whereas for the Lebanese coast, we evaluated for the first time the MPs pollution in the seawater, sediments and two important seafood species (one pelagic fish: Engraulis encrasicolus and one bivalve: Spondylus spinosus). Results showed different patterns of MPs concentration in the analyzed matrices. The occurrence of MPs in the biota was high (83.4% and 86.3% in anchovies and spiny oysters, respectively). These results highlighted the high MPs pollution found in the Levantine Basin in comparison to other Western Mediterranean regions. In addition, the obtained results indicate the potential contribution of coastal landfills to this pollution. Most often microplastics studies involve collection of organisms’ samples from natural populations. In this thesis, we tested the feasibility of using transplanted organisms (caging) for monitoring microplastics’ pollution in the marine coastal environment. We developed caging experiments with juvenile European Flounder, Platichthys flesus, in estuarine nursery grounds and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, in coastal marine environment. For each species, the abundance and characteristics (shape, size, color and type of polymers) of MPs ingested by caged individuals are compared with those ingested by wild individuals collected at the same site and with those found in their surrounding environment (surface water and sediments). Our results suggest that transplanted organisms (caging) may be a promising tool for MPs biomonitoring making monitoring more reliable with an accurate assessment of the biological effects of MPs over a predetermined exposure period
Shreya, Shivangi. "Water Quality Protection - A Comparative Study of India and Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210926.
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