Relevant bibliographies by topics / Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement"

1

Heng, Jiayao, Hongwei Wang, Ying Fan, Zhengwei Wang, and Yibo Gao. "Simulation and Optimization of Urban–Rural Settlement Development from the Perspective of Production–Life–Ecology Space: A Case Study for Aksu City." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137452.

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To explore the future development state of urban and rural settlements, we combined random forest algorithm (RFA) and cellular automata (CA) to simulate high precision in urban and rural settlements in Aksu city. The settlement distribution was predicted for the next 10 years, and suggestions for urban and rural settlements were proposed based on a “production–life–ecology” space. The results show the following: Transportation factors and administrative location have an important influence on the development of settlements, and infrastructure has a greater impact on the development of settlements. The overall accuracy of the 2019 settlement distribution obtained through the RFA–CA model simulation is 93.8%, with a G-mean coefficient of 0.815. The simulation accuracy is better and more suitable for the simulation and prediction of settlement expansion than the logistic-CA model. The forecasted settlement expansion in 2029 for Aksu city is 58.36 km2 of settlement expansion compared to the 2019 settlement distribution, with an overall growth trend for sparse north-south and dense central areas. This study analyzed the causes of settlement expansion in 19 regions of Aksu city, explored the main function of “production–life–ecology” space in different areas, and proposed layout optimizations from the perspective of production, life, and ecology. The results of this study can provide a reference for the spatial planning and rural revitalization strategy of Aksu city.
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Zhao, Zijuan, Beilei Fan, Qingbo Zhou, and Shihao Xu. "Simulating the Coupling of Rural Settlement Expansion and Population Growth in Deqing, Zhejiang Province, Based on MCCA Modeling." Land 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111975.

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Analyzing the relationship between rural settlements and rural population change under different policy scenarios is key in the sustainable development of China’s urban and rural areas. We proposed a framework that comprised the mixed land use structure simulation (MCCA) model and the human–land coupling development model to assess the spatiotemporal dynamic changes in rural settlements and its’ coupling relationship with the rural population in the economically developed region of Deqing, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that rural settlements and urban land increased by 14.36 and 29.07 km2, respectively, over the last 20 years. The expansion of some rural settlements and urban land occurred at the cost of cropland occupation. Rural settlements showed an expansion trend from 2000 to 2020, increasing from 42.69 km2 in 2000 to 57.05 km2 in 2020. In 2035, under the natural development scenario, the cropland protection scenario, and the rural development scenario, rural settlements are projected to show an expansion trend and Wukang and Leidian are the key regions with rural settlement expansion. The distance to Hangzhou, nighttime light data, distance to rivers, and precipitation are important factors influencing the expansion of rural settlements. The coupling relationship between rural settlements and the rural population developed in a coordinated manner from 2000 to 2020. For 2035, under different scenarios, the coupling relationship between rural settlements and the rural population showed different trends. In the rural development scenario, the highest number of towns with coordinated development between rural settlements and the rural population is in Deqing, predominantly with Type I coupling. Overall, an important recommendation from this study is that the sustainable development of regional land use can be promoted by controlling the occupation of cropland for urban and rural construction, balancing rural settlement expansion and rural population growth, and formulating land use policies that are more suitable for rural development.
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Salvia, Rosanna, Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Sirio Cividino, Luca Salvati, and Giovanni Quaranta. "From Rural Spaces to Peri-Urban Districts: Metropolitan Growth, Sparse Settlements and Demographic Dynamics in a Mediterranean Region." Land 9, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9060200.

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Considering settlement characteristics and population dynamics together over multiple spatio-temporal scales, the present study analyzes the spatial distribution of sparse settlements and population surrounding a large city in Southern Europe (Athens, Greece), in relation with long-term metropolitan growth and recent economic downturns. Results of the analysis identify regional-scale processes of urban compaction during economic expansion (2000s) with incorporation of scattered settlements in a high-density urban fabric, and moderate urban dispersion affecting low-density, peripheral areas in the subsequent period of recession (2010s). However, more heterogeneous dynamics were observed at the local scale. With economic expansion, a slight increase in the number of settlements was observed in local districts experiencing intense sprawl in earlier decades. With recession, a slight decrease in the number of settlements was, in turn, recorded in some rural districts surrounding compact urban centers, likely acting as local hotspots of urban re-densification. Given the multiplicity of socioeconomic factors involved, our findings highlight how urban development follows sequential phases of compaction and dispersion, based on locally differentiated spatial regimes characterizing settlement expansion and population growth. Sustainable urban management should face more actively with increasingly fragmented settlement dynamics at the fringe, prefiguring an appropriate spatial balance between urban centers and sparse settlements in light of recent demographic trends.
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Brown, Donald. "Towards a comparative research agenda on in situ urbanisation and rural governance transformation." International Development Planning Review: Volume 43, Issue 3 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2020.15.

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This article explores how rural settlements urbanise, and how rural governance transforms in the process. The question is motivated by the significant contribution that smaller urban centres are projected to make to the world’s future urban growth, the majority of which will occur in the global South. Many smaller centres are emerging through in situ urbanisation, wherein a rural settlement becomes urban. Given the importance of small town growth, the article proposes a comparative research agenda with the aim of exploring and comparing the institutional transformations occurring in ‘transitional spaces’, the governance complexities these transformations present and the consequences for establishing urban planning systems in historically rural settlements. The agenda is operationalised in sub-Saharan Africa through a case study of Karonga Town, an emerging urban centre in Malawi. The agenda draws on a varied body of case-study research on small town growth and rural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa generally and Malawi specifically. The agenda has the potential to make a significant contribution to the literature seeking to reveal the informality in different governance landscapes and the forms of urbanisation in which these landscapes are embedded in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
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Egidi, Gianluca, Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Sirio Cividino, Giovanni Quaranta, Luca Salvati, and Andrea Colantoni. "Rural in Town: Traditional Agriculture, Population Trends, and Long-Term Urban Expansion in Metropolitan Rome." Land 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020053.

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Mediterranean regions have experienced a shift from accelerated urban growth typical of a post-industrial phase to a more recent spatial delocalization of population and economic activities reflecting discontinuous settlement expansion, land take, and the abandonment of cultivated areas around central cities. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of land-use, settlement, and demographic indicators, the present study explores urban growth and population density over a sufficiently long time period in a metropolitan region of Southern Europe (Rome, Italy). Local-scale population trends were compared with the evolution of the primary sector (workers in agriculture, number of farms, cultivated land) between 1951 and 2011. Our results indicate non-linear growth waves alternating compact and discontinuous expansion shaping fringe land. The future development of metropolitan regions is increasingly dependent on the relationship between urban diffusion and economic viability of peri-urban agriculture. Crop abandonment and land take rates increase in local contexts where peri-urban agriculture rapidly declines. Policies managing ex-urban development and promoting the recovery of fringe soils are increasingly required to contain the expansion of dispersed settlements and preserve relict agricultural systems from land conversion to urban use.
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Chuchkalov, A. S., and A. I. Alekseev. "“New” rural settlements – former urban-type settlements." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019618-34.

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Since the 1920s, when the notion of urban-type settlement (UTS) was introduced in Russia, and until the 1980s the number of UTSs was constantly increasing. But since the 1990s, their rapid decline began, and by 2019 more than a third of them were transformed into rural settlements. In this article, the authors try to find out what the new villages the former UTSs are; where they are located; what their functions (largely lost) are, and what the specific features of their population are. From 1989 to 2010, the processes of transformation of UTSs into rural settlements administratively increased rural population of Russia by 2.4 mln people and held back the growth of the urban population share, which increased only slightly from 73.4 to 73.7%. When comparing the census data of 1989 and 2010 in many regions, the administrative ruralization radically changed the dynamics of the population: instead of a real decrease in the number of rural residents, Census-2010 showed the increase of rural population. Former UTSs are losing population more rapidly than the rural areas of their municipal districts, and the most intensive outflow is in logging settlements, centers of construction and colonies-settlements. The average population size of the former UTSs is minimal in the North of European Russia and the Far North, and maximum in the European South and in the Ural-Volga area, where the former UTSs-district centers are mostly concentrated, in which change of their status was purely formal.
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Krylov, Petr M. "Changes in transport use in Russian urban and rural settlements of different population sizes over the period 2014–2022." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences 23, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2023-23-4-235-241.

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The aim of the study is to examine the dynamics of transport use and transport service in urban and rural settlements of Russia with different population sizes in 2014–2022. The hypothesis of the study is that the dynamics of transport use and transport service in rural settlements repeats the dynamics of transport use and transport service in urban settlements with a certain time delay. With the general growth of transport use, there is a continuing growth in the use of personal passenger cars (including motorbikes) with a simultaneous decrease in the use of public transport. Gradually decreasing differences between urban and rural settlements have been revealed for most of the comparable indicators. In manycases thestudied indicators for ruralsettlementschange along thesame trajectory (with thesame dynamics) as the indicators for urbansettlements, with a lag ofseveral years. Transport use and transportservices for men and women also tend to approach thesame values in all types of settlements. A general pattern is observed: as the population density of a settlement increases, the problems of transport service of the population decrease.
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März, Olaf. "An urban–rural continuum? A spatial comparison in mid-eighteenth-century northern Germany." Urban History 47, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392682000022x.

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AbstractThe spatial growth of German cities in the years of upheaval in the nineteenth century has been, and remains, the subject of intense historical research. However, the origins of the socio-economic processes underlying these transformations actually predate the epochal transition into the modern era. This article deals critically with the popular conception of a ‘town–country dichotomy’ by comparing, on an empirical basis, urban, semi-urban and rural settlements in a sub-region of the north-west of Germany in the mid-eighteenth century. With the aid of a Geographical Information System (GIS), the cartographic and serial material of the ‘Brunswick Land Survey’ is evaluated in terms of its relevance to a socio-topographic comparison of the spatial micro-structures of the three respective settlement segments. The comparison focuses on the general morphology of the settlement segments, the conditions accompanying the growth of the settlements and the spatial structures of the agricultural activities pursued. In addition, it identifies the factors which led to the erosion of differences between town and country.
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Rebernik, Dejan. "Population and spatial development of settlements in Ljubljana Urban Region after 2002." Dela, no. 42 (December 1, 2014): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.42.1.75-93.

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The paper is analysing spatial and population development of settlements in Ljubljana Urban Region after 2002. On the basis of population change we determined the main urbanisation processes in the region. To the end of 1970s fast population growth was due to immigration from rural parts of Slovenia and the rest of Yugoslavia. In the 1980s and 1990s deconcentration of population within the region with intense suburbanisation were the main processes. After 2002 the fastest population growth was in in the rural hinterland. Dispersed settlement pattern with all negative implications of urban sprawl is thus characteristic.
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Rebernik, Dejan. "Population and spatial development of settlements in Ljubljana Urban Region after 2002." Dela, no. 42 (December 1, 2014): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.42.75-93.

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The paper is analysing spatial and population development of settlements in Ljubljana Urban Region after 2002. On the basis of population change we determined the main urbanisation processes in the region. To the end of 1970s fast population growth was due to immigration from rural parts of Slovenia and the rest of Yugoslavia. In the 1980s and 1990s deconcentration of population within the region with intense suburbanisation were the main processes. After 2002 the fastest population growth was in in the rural hinterland. Dispersed settlement pattern with all negative implications of urban sprawl is thus characteristic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement"

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Kumalo, Sibongiseni. "The rural-urban interface : the ambiguous nature of informal settlements, with special reference to the Daggafontein settlement in Gauteng /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/176/.

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Lange, Jérôme. "Population growth, the settlement process and economic progress : Adam Smith's theory of demo-economic development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E039/document.

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La population - en son sens originel de processus de peuplement - est un sujet étonnamment absent de l'énorme volume d’études sur Adam Smith. Ce thème était au centre de la philosophie morale et de l'économie politique du 18e siècle, les deux domaines auxquels les contributions de Smith sont les plus connues. Son importance dans l’œuvre de Smith a été obscurcie au 20e siècle par une focalisation étroite sur les questions économiques dans la littérature secondaire. Pour une analyse intégrale de son œuvre, il est essentiel que la place centrale du peuplement soit révélée. Trois thèmes aujourd'hui considérés comme essentiels au projet de Smith sont ainsi intimement liés à la population : le lien entre division du travail et étendue du marché ; la théorie des quatre stades du progrès de la société ; et le lien entre développement rural et urbain, lui-même au centre du plaidoyer de Smith pour la liberté du commerce. Le marché est un concept aujourd'hui assimilé au fonctionnement du système économique capitaliste ; pour Smith, il décrivait la faculté de commercer, aux vecteurs essentiellement démographiques et géographiques. Le progrès de la société est à la fois cause et effet de la croissance de la population. En son sein se trouve l'interrelation symbiotique entre le développement rural et urbain que Smith appelait le «progrès naturel de l'opulence». Adopter l’optique smithienne plutôt que néo-malthusienne dans l'examen des dynamiques de population et de développement - y compris l'analyse de la transition démographique - conduit alors à une reconsidération fondamentale des interactions causales entre mortalité, fécondité, richesse et variables institutionnelles
Population - in its original sense of the process of peopling - is a topic surprisingly absent from the huge volume of scholarship on Adam Smith. This topic was central to 18th century moral philosophy and political economy, the two fields Smith most famously contributed to. Its importance in Smith’s work was obscured in the 20th century by a narrow focus on economic matters in the secondary literature. For an undivided analysis of Smith’s oeuvre it is crucial that the central position of the peopling process be brought to light. Three topics that are today recognised as essential to Smith’s project are thus intimately connected to population: the relation between the division of labour and the extent of the market; the stadial theory of progress; and the link between the development of town and country, itself central to Smith’s advocacy of the freedom of trade. The market is a concept read today through an institutional lens linking it to the functioning of the capitalist economic system; Smith conceived of it as facility for trade, with essentially demographic and geographic vectors. The progress of society is both cause and effect of the growth of population. At its core is the symbiotic interrelationship between rural and urban development that Smith called the “natural progress of opulence”. In turn, looking at dynamics of population and development - including the analysis of the demographic transition - through a Smithian rather than a neo-Malthusian lens leads to a fundamental reconsideration of causal interactions between mortality, fertility, wealth and institutional variables
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Hwakar, H. G. "Key settlement policy and rural development planning in central Nigeria." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26722/.

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Rabie, M. K. "Rural service provision and key settlement policy in Egypt's village clusters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234757.

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Chidi, Segatla Charles. "An evaluation of rural-urban migration and its link to informal settlement pattern : a case study of Disteneng in Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/765.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2010
Urbanization and rural-urban migration are processes that are surrounded by a great deal of controversy and pose as significant challenges in contemporary South Africa. In dealing, controlling, and managing urbanization and rural urban migration, the South African government has developed a number of policies to respond to this to these challenges such as Urban Development Framework of 1997 which aims to promote effective urban reconstruction and development, to guide development policies, strategies and actions of all stakeholders in the urban development processes and other policies that are geared towards urban development management. In this study, an effort is made to evaluate rural-urban migration and its link to informal settlement patterns at Disteneng area (Limpopo Province). The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data. Questionnaires, formal interviews and observations were used to assemble primary data. Policies, journals, books were used to gather secondary data. The study found that there are quite number of issues that lead to rural-urban migration such as rural poverty and unemployment. It also established that policies that have been developed to control rural-urban migration and urbanization are not comprehensive enough to respond to rural-urban migration. They need to be revitalized and reviewed. The study also found out that the main reason for the backlog in services and development relate to a lack of commitment, capacity and experience of officials mandated to bring development to the study area. Recommendations of the study include community empowerment, skills development, monitoring of performance and capacity building for officials. There is a direct link between rural-urban migration and the sprawling of urban informal settlements calling for multi-pronged interventions from multiple government agencies to address the phenomenon. The Disteneng area is a melting pot which requires urgent attention.
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Nghiulikwa, Romie Vonkie. "Re-situating and shifting cultural identity in contemporary Namibia: The experience of rural-urban migrants in Katutura (Windhoek)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9977_1275426103.

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This thesis explores the shifting cultural identities of young Owambo migrants living in Babilon, an informal settlement on the outskirts of Windhoek, Namibia. Through an investigation of their social, cultural and economic lives, I show how these young people invoke their Owambo-ness, but how they also transcend their ethnic identifications through engaging in an emerging Namibian youth culture, which cuts across rural-urban, ethnic, and socio-economic divides. I argue that young migrants from Ovamboland, who intend to escape their poverty stricken rural homes and arrive on packed busses, bringing with them few possessions and great expectations, constantly shift and resituate their cultural identities while trying to make a living in the city. These young people are eager to engage fully in a better life and hope to find employment in the urban economy. For many, however, this remains just that &ndash
hope. In their daily lives, the young migrants replicate, reproduce and represent rural Owambo within the urban space. Using the examples of &lsquo
traditional&rsquo
food and small-scale urban agriculture, I explore how their ideas of Owambo-ness are imagined, enforced and lived in Babilon. I argue that although migrants identify themselves in many ways with their rural homes, and retain rural values and practices to a large extent, this does not mean that they would remain &ldquo
tribesmen&rdquo
, as earlier, how classic studies in Southern African urban anthropology argued (Mayer 1961
Wilson and Mafeje 1963). They also appropriate &ldquo
ideologies&rdquo
and practices of the emerging Namibian youth culture, especially popular local music and cell phones. My study thus shows that the migrants develop multiple, fluid identities (with reference to Bank 2002)
they identify concurrently with the urban and the rural and develop a synthesis of both. The thesis is based on ethnographic research, which was conducted between February and May 2008. During the fieldwork, I engaged daily in informal discussions with many residents of Babilon, and carried out life history interviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key research participants.

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Hu, Yiqian, and 胡一倩. "Understanding ambivalence of settlement: a qualitative study on time arrangement, gender relationship andidentity of rural-urban migrant families in Nanjing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46606774.

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Davoren, Elandrie. "Plant diversity patterns of a settlement in the North-West Province, South Africa / Elandrie Davoren." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5676.

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In recent years the composition of urban vegetation has become far more complex than that of the surrounding natural vegetation. This is mainly due to the influence that humans have on the creation of new plant communities and the management of urban green spaces. Green spaces are fundamental to the restoration and maintenance of biodiversity in areas that have been severely impacted by urban development. Green spaces provide various ecosystem services and benefits for the health and well-being of urban residents, and can help to reduce the effects of global climate change. The most understudied green space in the entire urban green infrastructure is homegardens. Homegardens contribute greatly to the species composition of urban and rural settlements and are important in situ conservation sites that help to protect rare and endemic species. They are essential agricultural systems, especially in rural settlements, that provide both sources of additional income generation and food supply. In developing countries such as South Africa, very few studies have been done on homegardens and the benefits they provide to homeowners and to urban ecosystems in general. However, since South Africa become committed to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in 2000, more research has been done on the potential of homegardens for poverty alleviation. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of plant diversity in a rural settlement and to determine to what extent the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants influences the plant species composition of the settlement. The settlement of Ganyesa, situated in the Bophirima district in the North-West Province, was chosen for the study. Using GIS techniques, a grid was placed over the settlement and plant surveys were done every 500 m. Different land-use types were identified during the completion of the survey, namely natural areas, fragmented natural areas, fallow fields, road verges, wetlands, home gardens and institutional gardens. The national South African census data from 2001 proved to be too unreliable to accurately determine the SES of the residents in Ganyesa. Consequently, a social survey was completed by means of a questionnaire to determine the socioeconomic status of the owners of the homegardens under study. Clear differences could be observed between the land-use types and the indigenous and alien species composition, which were indicated in kriging maps. In comparison with the natural areas, homegardens contained more alien species than the surrounding natural areas. The vegetation composition for all the homegardens were correlated with the residents socioeconomic status along a socioeconomic gradient, ranging from low, to medium to high. ANCOVA, multiple regressions and basic statistical analyses were performed using all the vegetation and socioeconomic data. Meaningful correlations occur between the socioeconomic status of the homeowners and the plant diversity of their gardens.
Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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9

Molla, Nevila. "The Despotate of Epirus: the Archaeology of a Late Byzantine State." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1075416.

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This thesis is an attempt at a first comprehensive study of the archaeology of the entire region of medieval Epirus, i.e., including areas on either side of the Albanian-Greek border. The period under investigation is the thirteenth century Despotate rule, a time of fragmentation and decentralisation in the history of the Byzantine Empire, following the capture of Byzantium’s capital, Constantinople, by the Latin crusaders in 1204. Against this historical panorama, the study aims to contribute to our understanding of the socio-cultural developments that characterized the region under autonomous governance and within a complex East-West Mediterranean context. Drawing from all forms of available material remains (excavated and above ground) and in conjunction with other sources (topographic, environmental and historical), the thesis sheds light on the patterns of human occupation in the urban and rural contexts, exploring aspects such as fortification chronology, building methods and practices, defence policies and patronage, urban topography and fabric, medieval Byzantine urban planning, rural churches and monasteries, material culture and the economy, and cultural interaction with neighbouring Mediterranean regions. The study shows that a continuation of the concept of centralised governance in the region of Epirus in the broad sense, and specifically of centralised governance of public works is suggested by the evidence on fortification construction. The churches and monasteries built or refurbished throughout the thirteenth century reflect the economic wealth and the political and cultural dynamics of the Despotate in the thirteenth century. It can be surmised that Epirote urban and rural settlements at this time were in essence a further development of processes that I think were rooted in the developments of the ninth-eleventh centuries of the so-called Byzantine revival.
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Meireles, Maria João Lopes Dias Leão de. "A reabilitação como processo de desenvolvimento local." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29419.

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Books on the topic "Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement"

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland. Regional Planning Division. The family of settlements report: An assessment of future housing growth by urban and rural settlement groups within the region of Northern Ireland. Belfast: Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, Regional Planning Division, 1998.

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Wood, Eric Stuart. Historical Britain: A comprehensive account of the development of rural and urban life and landscape from prehistory to the present day. London: Harvill Press, 1995.

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G, Champion A., and Hugo Graeme, eds. New forms of urbanization: Beyond the urban-rural dichotomy. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2004.

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Kandel, William. New patterns of hispanic settlement in rural America. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2004.

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Cilliers, S. P. Patterns of migration and settlement in rural South Africa. [Stellenbosch]: Research Unit for Sociology of Development, University of Stellenbosch, 1986.

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Kumaran, K. P. Migration settlement and ethnic associations. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 1992.

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Arrival city: How the largest migration in history is reshaping our world. New York: Pantheon Books, 2010.

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Arrival city: The final migration and our next world. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2011.

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Cross, Catherine. En waarheen nou?: Migration and settlement in the Cape Metropolitian Area (CMA) : report to the Cape Metropolitan Council. Stellenbosch, South Africa: Dept. of Sociology, University of Stellenbosch, 1999.

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Herrera, Fernando Botero. Urabá: Colonización, violencia y crisis del estado. Medellín, Colombia: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement"

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Wu, Weiping. "Outsiders in the city: migrant housing and settlement patterns." In Rural Migrants in Urban China, 51–66. London: Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203796597-13.

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Tzavella, Elli. "Urban and Rural Settlement in Early Byzantine Attica (4th–7th Centuries)." In Byzantine Greece: Microcosm of Empire?, 38–50. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003429470-5.

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Rossi, Amedeo. "Urban Settlement, Rural Landscape, and “Romanization” in Campania between Neapolis and Suessula." In The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Urbanism in Italy in the Age of Roman Expansion, 231–48. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271895-17.

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Lee-Treweek, Geraldine, Branislav Radeljić, and Marko Stojanović. "Migrants, Refugees and Settlement Camps in the Rural and Urban Fringes of Serbia: Cultural Repertoires, Changing Understandings and Imaginings of the Other." In The Rural-Migration Nexus, 141–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18042-2_6.

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Bruck, Emilia M., and Aggelos Soteropoulos. "Connected and automated driving: consideration of the local, spatial context and spatial differentiation." In AVENUE21. Planning and Policy Considerations for an Age of Automated Mobility, 7–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67004-0_2.

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AbstractThe articles in this volume deal with effects on spaces and with control and planning approaches at municipal and regional level. It is essential to distinguish here between the spatial conditions of rural communities and regions and those of urban centres and major cities. Neither rural nor urban areas are homogeneous, but are complex areas with a wide variety of settlement structures, natural spaces and infrastructures, functions and challenges (VCÖ 2019: 9).
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Yu, Wei, and Xinyu Jiang. "The Third-Type Settlement: Research of Unified Urban and Rural Living Organisms and Its Interaction Design." In Design, User Experience, and Usability: Novel User Experiences, 527–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40355-7_50.

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Pisman, Ann, and Stijn Vanacker. "Diagnosis of the State of the Territory in Flanders. Reporting About New Maps and Indicators Differentiating Between Urban and Rural Areas Within Flanders." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_14.

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AbstractWithin the several European analyses of spatial patterns, Belgium and Flanders take a specific position. The average ‘settlement area percentage’ (i.e., all land used beyond agriculture, semi-natural areas, forestry, and water bodies) for Europe is 4%, but 32% of the Flemish area is occupied with artificial land. Belgium has the highest score for urban-sprawl indicators, and within the European context, almost the entire area is considered urban. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to expand on the theme of indicators for spatial patterns by analyzing the Flemish area with detailed data across various scales. The results are collected in a report, the ‘Ruimterapport’— ‘RURA’, published in 2018. RURA is a bundling and compilation of research results from very diverse sources, amongst others studies from the Department of Environment and Spatial Development of Flanders and of Espon studies. This article presents the most important results from RURA and further positions them in international comparative literature. New maps and indicators are developed for the urban/peri-urban/rural dimensions of the human settlement area, urban sprawl, and settlement patterns by differentiating amongst others between urban centers, ribbon development, and scattered buildings. The paper gives a quantitative, methodological, and empirical contribution to the field of urban and regional development processes and contributes to conceptualizations of space. The case of Flanders, with its specific sprawl pattern, illustrates the difficulties spatial planning policy makers currently are facing, dealing with the complexity of space and society.
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Barbanente, Angela, and David Fanfani. "La struttura territoriale della bioregione urbana: pianificare sistemi multipolari autosostenibili e solidali. Il caso della Puglia." In Ecoterritorialismo, 129–42. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0116-2.15.

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The concept of urban bioregion provides an interpretive and design perspective to the critical vision of planetary urbanisation, pursuing the recovery of co-evolutionary relations between human settlement and the environment through the reconstruction both of the ‘urbanity’ of places in plural and multi-centred forms and of the relations between urban and rural life-worlds. The experience of the Apulia Regional Landscape Plan is presented as an attempt of policy and planning innovation aimed at supporting re-inhabiting practices consistent with the principles and forms of the urban bioregion. The Plan promotes projects and actions characterised by a multi-scalar dimension, which assume as key factors for a just and regenerative local development the re-establishment of co-evolutionary relationships between human settlement and the geo-environmental system, the mobilisation of local knowledge, and the shaping of a sense of belonging to places and inhabitants’ care practices.
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Taylor, Susan Jean. "Exploring the of Establishment of an Urban Forest in Phuthaditjhaba to Create a More Sustainable Future Urban Environment." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 153–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_11.

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AbstractThis document review evaluates modes of appropriate urban tree planting that could quickly (within 20 years) create a tree canopy in Phuthaditjhaba to provide social benefits, deal with a future urban heat island effect and create resilience to climate change. Phuthaditjhaba (pop. 54 000), a dense rural–urban settlement in QwaQwa, South Africa, faces looming threats linked to climate change, including health impacts as heat waves become more common and severe in southern Africa. One of the ways of creating a more liveable and sustainable urban environment is through tree planting in streets, schools, clinics and homesteads. Phuthaditjhaba, located in a montane grassland biome, is virtually treeless and a future tree canopy in this city would need to be envisaged and planned for. Challenges to growing trees here include the harsh climate and the shortage of water, the lack of a ‘green’ vision from the local municipality, as well as the cost of purchasing or growing thousands of suitable saplings. Modelling and various other forms of data and information gathering can assist in optimising tree species selection and planting, but data for Phuthaditjhaba is not available. Creating an urban tree canopy in Phuthaditjhaba would contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 of making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. This study also reflects on ways to create livelihoods in this remote semi-urban setting through tree growing, tree planting, arbocare and landscape restoration measures.
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Salik, Kashif Majeed, Maryum Shabbir, Khansa Naeem, and Rana Junaid Zahid. "A Threat or an Opportunity? Internal Migration in the Context of Climate Extremes in Pakistan." In IMISCOE Research Series, 159–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34194-6_11.

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AbstractWe aim to understand the potential relationship between climate extreme events, displacement, and migration in Pakistan. For this, we conducted 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews and 9 focus group discussions in two districts of Punjab (i.e., Muzaffargarh) and Sindh (i.e., Tharparkar) provinces of Pakistan. The fieldwork was conducted in both rural and urban areas of the sample districts. We employed a thematic approach to explore the links between climate extremes and key migration patterns (such as seasonal, permanent, or circular migration as well as migrant returnees), processes (which include the reasons for migration, cost of travel, network support and settlement in destination areas) and migration outcomes (particularly on migrant’ left-behind household members). We show that climate-induced migration may increase many challenges for the poor, resourceless migrating families that exacerbates food insecurity, social oppression, and indebtedness. Climate-induced migration is an unpleasant phenomenon for women impacting their health, increasing their work burden and mental stresses. Contrasting evidence has also found that showed significant improvement of climate migrant families’ socio-economic conditions overtime. Migrant families can establish small businesses, improve business connections for generating finances, have better opportunities to get private and government jobs, and improved access to microfinance and other government support programmes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement"

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Rebello, Yúri de Alcântara Pinto. "O protagonismo do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida Rural em um assentamento do Movimento dos Sem Terra: o caso do Assentamento Mártires de Abril, Mosqueiro-PA." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6312.

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Este trabalho trata da produção do Programa Minha, Minha Vida Rural (PMCMVR) no distrito administrativo de Mosqueiro, Pará, estuda os empreendimentos “Terra e Liberdade I e II”, dispostos no Assentamento Mártires de Abril (AMA). Nos últimos vinte anos, o distrito apresentou uma reconfiguração de seu espaço urbano, destacando, principalmente, o crescimento de assentamentos precários. Estuda-se a atuação do Movimento Sem Terra (MST), organizador do assentamento beneficiado pelo PMCMVR, analisam-se modificações da agenda do movimento causadas pela relação entre a política de habitação e a atuação do Estado como agente regularizador fundiário e promotor de assistência técnica através de um projeto de Agricultura Familiar desenvolvido no AMA. Incursões etnográficas em campo revelam o papel das lideranças comunitárias na expansão do PMCMVR em face de práticas urbanas caracterizadas pela implantação de unidades habitacionais esparsas demonstrando o papel do Programa em um contexto de conversão de terra rural em urbana. This paper assesses the production of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida Rural (My House My Life Rural, PMCMVR) in the administrative district of Mosqueiro, Pará, studying the projects "Land and Freedom I and II", arranged in the Settlement Martyrs April (AMA). In the last twenty years, the district presented a reconfiguration of its urban space, highlighting mainly the growth of slums. It analyses the role of the Landless Movement (MST), organizer of the settlement benefited by PMCMVR, analyzes the agenda of movement and changes caused by the relationship between housing policy and the state's role as a landregulating agent and technical assistance promoter ténica through a Family Farming project developed in the AMA. Ethnographic incursions in the field unveil the role of the community leaders in expanding PMCMVR in the face of urban practices characterized by the implementation of sparse housing units demonstrating the role of the program in a rural land conversion in urban context.
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Hill, John W. "The Economic Feasibility of New Urbanist Development Strategies." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.50.

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This paper examines the comparative economic returns of ex-urban conventional and “new urbanist” development strategies. It is based on the analysis of seven hypothetical case studies designed by the author, reflecting site conditions, costs and constraints characteristic of the Middle Atlantic region. Initial work leading to this paper was carried on in graduate research courses at the University of Maryland in 1993 and 1994. In the first phase, we examined the urban design “rules” which characterize traditional settlement patterns in our region, and suggested the benefits which would accrue from adopting these “rules” as a basis for a regional rural growth management policy based on village and hamlet zoning. The findings and recommendations of this work were published in the fall of 1994 by the Maryland Office of Planning.’
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Schneider-Skalska, Grażyna, and Paweł Tor. "Residential areas in the structure of the city: case studies from west europe and Krakow." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8079.

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Once they adopted the sedentary lifestyle, humans set to building settlements which were to protect groups of families and give them the sense of belonging to a material and social community. The settlement unit which could be called a housing complex goes back thousands of years BC. The scale of problems related to housing environment grew considerably with the emergence and development of cities, yet truly distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the early 20th century. Implementation of the programmatic assumptions of the Athens Charter resulted in the emergence of spatial and functional structures based on hierarchic dependence of components. The initial projects reflected the pursuit of a human-scale environment and the structural division into neighbourhood units. Undoubtedly, the second part of the 20th century brought about a change in the trends of development in cities. Large housing estates were abandoned in favour of a much greater diversity of housing complex forms – the revived form of city street, urban block or the classic form of a residential complex with clearly delineated structure, services and – most frequently –some recreational areas. The 21st century draws from well-known patterns, complementing them with new elements and solutions imposed by the requirements of the principles of sustainable development. Due to the limited availability of land in highly urbanized central city parts, contemporary housing development occupies more peripheral areas, often at the border between urban and rural neighbourhoods. The development process involves numerous participants, often with opposing interests – public authorities, whose concern should be sustainable growth of the whole city, and developer firms and investors, whose motivation is to maximize profit. This situation has led in most Polish cities to the emergence of disconnected fenced-away residential ghettos with no spatial order. Meanwhile, housing development in Western Europe continues to be built as planned urban complexes drawing from the experience of the past and satisfying the needs of the contemporary city dwellers. The article presents several urban complexes with dominant housing development (Orestad in Copenhagen, Monte Laa and Nordbahnhof-Area in Vienna, Ijburg in Amsterdam and Riem in Munich) built relatively recently.It discusses their functional, spatial and social characteristics, which make them examples of good practice in contemporary urban planning. They demonstrate clearly that only comprehensive planning in a broader scale guarantees creation of high-quality urban spaces, where the welfare of resident communities is a priority.
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"Settlement Aspects of Fertility in the Republic of Bashkortostan." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-2-8.

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The importance of the rural component in the demographic potential of the Republic is difficult to overestimate. It is known that the demographic behaviour of rural and urban residents differs due to objective reasons; this article focuses on the settlement aspects of fertility. Birth rate trends in the Republic and the role of the settlement factor were demonstrated based on statistics and sociological data. In particular, it was found that the slowdown in the birth rate in the last five years occurred at the expense of both urban and rural areas. The difference between the urban and rural indicators decreases: for example, there is a convergence of reproductive attitudes and the spread of an orientation to a two-child family. However, the calculated data show that this decline is temporary and, so far, it does not affect the final birth rates.
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Karpova, Maria V. "Improvement Of Personnel Policy In The Urban Settlement Administration." In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.23.

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Prudente, Letícia Thurmann. "Interface rural-urbana no planejamento territorial: caso do Assentamento Rural Marapicú na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6229.

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O território contemporâneo é complexo e repleto de conflitos entre diferentes agentes produtores de espaço, principalmente em espaços de interface rural-urbana. Os conceitos de rural e urbano foram historicamente construídos a través de definições que priorizaram o urbano e desconsideraram o rural, promovendo uma visão urbano-centrada no planejamento territorial no Brasil. Oartigo objetiva analisar o papel de um assentamento rural como um espaço de interface rural-urbana dentro de uma região metropolitana brasileira, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Marapicú, localizado no periurbano da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentadas algumas questões conceituais e descrito o processo de ocupação e de planejamento desse território.São múltiplas as facetas do rural, do urbano e suas interfaces, contudo ainda há uma visão homogeneizada de território no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar este debate, explicitando os conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo na produção do espaço. The contemporary territory is complex and full of conflicts between different agents producing space, mainly in areas of rural-urban interface. The rural and urban concepts were historically constructed through settings that prioritized the urban space and disregarded rural space, promoting an urban-centric view in territorial planning in Brazil. This study analyzes the role of a rural settlement as a rural-urban interface space within a Brazilian metropolitan region, using as a case study the settlement Marapicú, located in the peri-urbans paces of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Some conceptual issues are presented and described the process of occupation and planning that territory. There are multiple facets of rural, urban and their interfaces, however there is still a homogenized view of territory in Brazil. The proposal is to extend this debate, explaining conflicts of use and occupation in the production of space.
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Dondi, Lvinia. "The Transition Between Rural and Urban Spaces in Fragile Peri-Urban Fringes: Water as a Primary Design Tool." In 2021 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2021.22.

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The focus is on the peri-urban landscape, placed between suburban settlements and the surrounding countryside. It is an “uncertain” area, unable to have crucial urban relationships and convincing rural and agricultural fabric. Different expressions of fragility, both physical and social, coagulate in these places: the reason why they represented a significant object of study for several decades, becoming symbols of problematic urban models. Among the possible regeneration processes, the one that starts from a rural, rather than urban, perspective seems to be the most interesting. Today, what appears essential is considering the peri-urban countryside areas, not as a possibility for the urban fabric to expand, but as the necessary open spaces that complete the suburban fringes’ layout. Actively involving rural areas contributes to a more effective transition between countryside and urban elements and improves a general reinforcement of the open spaces system, thus conceiving as the settlement backbone. The importance of inhabiting countryside as leasure spaces for the citizens, beyond agricultural production settings, became more urgent during pandemic times, in which wide open spaces became the safest areas. Therefore, to imagine a multifunctional countryside to inhabit, one of the crucial design tools to work with is the water. Streams innervating the countryside can represent pivotal devices to rethink transitional open spaces in layout and uses between rural and urban practices. Simultaneously, working with streams allows counteracting or preventing possible water imbalances investing and damaging urban areas due to climate change effects and inadequate ways to anthropize the territories. The more dilatated fabric of the peri-urban landscape allows considering water and its ecological connections as a primary design tool.
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Vukašinović, Sandra. "Demographic aspects of the planned resettlement of settlements in Lazarevac municipality." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.50.

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The planned resettlement of settlements in the course of the expansion of open-cast mining in the Kolubara mining basin has an impact on all aspects of social life in the municipality of Lazarevac. Primarily, this impact is reflected in the demographic development of the area. The expansion of coal mining and the immediate proximity to Belgrade, are the cause of significant demographic shifts. The municipality has 33 settlements, a third of which are located in the exploitation area. The number of inhabitants in some settlements is drastically decreasing, and some of them are completely displaced, while on the other side, there is a sudden influx of population in the city of Lazarevac and the secondary centres of the municipality (Veliki Crljeni, Stepojevac), both from the municipal territory and from other parts of Serbia, motivated by the economic advantages of Lazarevac and its surroundings. This fact determines the trend of a constant increase in the number of inhabitants in urban settlements in all observed intercensal periods from 1948 to 2022, while the decline in the number of inhabitants in rural settlements has been observed since the 1981-1991 census period. The sudden increase in the number of inhabitants in urban settlements since the 1980s can be explained by the intensification of mining operations and the process of expropriation taking place in rural settlements. According to the last census in 2022 – 55,146 inhabitants live on the territory of Lazarevac municipality, of which 27,635 live in the only urban settlement in the municipality and 27,511 in rural settlements. The data indicates that for the first time, the urban population in the municipality exceeds the rural population. This paper focuses on analysing the impact of the decades-long development of mining activity on the territory of the municipality of Lazarevac on the population and the comprehensive development of the settlement, both in a positive and negative context. The research also focuses on the transformation of the settlement environment caused by the expansion of open-cast mining, with an emphasis on the changes in the demographic characteristics of the settlement. The paper is based on the analysis of data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, settlement regulation plans in the process of resettlement, the plan for the mining area of the Kolubara lignite basin and other sources relevant to the understanding of the given problem, as well as on the spatial representation of data using GIS software and tools. If we compare the dynamics of the expansion of the mines and the population of the Lazarevac municipality (before the start of open-cast mining and today), certain trends can be observed that make it possible to understand the demographic aspect of the process of planned displacement.
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Solodilov, V. V. "THE USE OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN RESEARCH DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA." In Regional economy and territorial development. Petersburg State University of Economics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-7310-6266-4-2023-17-124-133.

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The article presents the results of use of comparative analysis in researches demographic Eu-ropean North of Russia regions development. The trends and special features of the settlement pattern and urbanization development in these regions are described; the article addresses to some problems of the rural and urban territories development. The author submits the revealed geo-graphical regularities of demographic development of these regions.
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Özdemir, Lutfiye, Orhan Polat, Gamze Seyitoğlu, and Sevde Çiçekli. "A Research and Determination of the Effective Elements in the Prevention of Migration from the Village to the City for Sustainable Rural Development i." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01882.

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In today's Turkey, rapid technological changes and developments at global level has increased to migration from village to urban areas. Sustainable rural development (SRD) means that future generations can meet their needs in a settlement that is less than a population of 20,000, so that past generations can’t complain about them. For sustainable rural development, it is important to prevent rural migration and to present labour, production, marketing and living opportunities in rural areas. In this context, the study was conducted in order to investigate the causes of migration from the village to the city, to take the necessary precautions and to make suggestions for the SRD. For this purpose, the research has been applied to farmers in selected villages in Central Anatolia, Black Sea, Aegean, Marmara, Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolia Regions in Turkey with face to face discussions and 141 questionnaires have already been collected. It was found that Cronbach Alpha was found to be quite reliable as the result of the analysis with a scale value of 0.785. Reasons for migration as a result of factor analysis can be classified as: 1) Migration due to education, 2) Migrations based on physical infrastructure. Numerous independent variables considered to be effective on these problems were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. As a result, it has been determined that many factors, mainly demographic qualities, are effective on migrations based on both education and physical infrastructure.
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Reports on the topic "Groth of Rural and Urban Settlement"

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Stjernberg, Mats, Anna Vasilevskaya, and Oskar Penje. Towards a grid-based Nordic territorial typology - A new tool for analysis across the urban-rural continuum. Nordregio, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:91403-2503.

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This report presents the grid-based Nordic urban–rural typology, which was developed as a new analytical tool for studying different types of spatial phenomena across Nordic territories. In this study this meant developing a typology that classifies all Nordic territories into seven different typology classes based on different degrees of urbanity and rurality. A key starting point for this work was the need for a territorial typology that would help enrich and provide new understanding of different types of urban and rural areas across the Nordic countries and shed light on how they are developing. This report first presents how the typology was created, including the rationale behind the typology, key considerations at different stages of the work, and the main operational steps taken. The main purpose was to create a new territorial typology, to which different types of data could be combined, thus helping to provide a more nuanced and fine-grained understanding of territorial differences across the Nordic countries. Several key principles were specified early in the work. These include that the typology should be created at grid-level (1 x 1 km) as this allows identifying the characteristics of different types of areas at a very detailed territorial level. Another key decision was to create the typology mainly using open-source data and following a replicable method, to make any possible future updates to the typology easier and less costly. For the development of the Nordic typology, the Finnish grid-based urban–rural classification (Kaupunki-maaseutuluokitus) was the main source of inspiration. This Nordic typology and population data at grid level (linked to the typology) is then used as an analytical lens for studying territorial differences, settlement pattens and demographic change dynamics in the five Nordic countries. According to the typology, the Nordic countries are predominantly rural when considering how their land areas are classified. However, an examination of settlement patterns according to the Nordic typology shows that the settlements are rather unevenly distributed in all the Nordic countries, and the majority of the population live relatively concentrated in areas that are classified as urban. In general, the population is largely concentrated in coastal areas and along waterways, where the major urban regions are found, reflecting historical patterns and features of physical geography. The Nordic typology is also used to examine what types of population change dynamics occurred in the Nordic countries during the period 2008–2022. The analysis shows that urbanisation has been a general trend during the past couple of decades, with the largest population growth occurring in the typology classes inner urban and outer urban. A relatively noticeable increase in population is also evident in peri-urban areas, suggesting suburbanisation and that intermediate areas located on the urban fringes have increasingly attracted new residents. In rural areas, the general trend shows that depopulation has occurred in many rural localities, but different types of rural areas have developed quite differently. Based on the analysis, rural areas that are in the vicinity of cities and towns appear to have become more attractive places for people to settle, while sparsely populated rural areas seem to be less favourably placed and have generally witnessed population decrease. This report shows how this typology and more fine-grained data can help reveal territorial differences that cannot be observed with more general statistics and data. The grid-based Nordic typology shows that many municipalities are at the same time both urban, intermediate, and rural, and in many cases these different categories seem to be undergoing quite different types of development. While the Nordic urban–rural typology is used in this study to examine settlement patterns and population change dynamics, it should be stressed that the typology is also well-suited to be used in combination with other types of data and as an analytical framework for studying also other types of spatial phenomena across the urban–rural continuum.
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Delbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Dyson Jangia, and Anthony Venables. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Mzuzu. UNHabitat, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/5.

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The case of Mzuzu illustrates how secondary cities, where revenues are often incredibly low and capacity is minimal, can innovate and lead the way on municipal finance reform. Mzuzu is Malawi’s third largest city. The focus of this case study is a simple and fit-for capacity property valuation system that increased realised revenues seven-fold between 2013 and 2018:1 The Revenue Mobilisation Programme (REMOP). Although the programme was initially seen to be a success, several serious misgivings continue to inhibit further progress. These centre on legal barriers in the current property valuation process in Malawi. More broadly, issues such as revenue pilferage, lack of capacity for financial anagement, land ownership disputes between spheres of government, and national rural bias continue to prevent Mzuzu from achieving a sustainable financial position. For development partners, the example of Mzuzu provides a stark reminder of the vital importance of widespread stakeholder engagement and caution for legal obstacles in order to achieve sustainable project success. It also illustrates the potential of using smaller cities, with more flexibility and somewhat strong incentives for reform, as a useful starting point to trial new revenue enhancement innovations. The Development Fund for Local Authorities (DFLA), a special entity set up for small and low-cost loans to local governments in Malawi, also presents an interesting model for further exploration. By helping local authorities through the process of lending, they are building local government creditworthiness and enabling them to develop systems for future debt finance. Malawi’s cities, being some of the poorest in the world and in a country with relatively low level of urbanisation, are still at the beginning of the development curve. This early stage brings numerous challenges that are yet to be faced as well as an enormous opportunity to learn from the mistakes and successes of other cities in similar contexts. The cities are still at the critical juncture where they can invest in the urban infrastructure essential for livability and productivity before mass settlement takes place.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Hungary. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhu.2020.12.

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In Hungary, NEET Youth are faced with many problems: social exclusion; lack of opportunities (e.g., education, health, infrastructure, public transport, labour market conditions); low so-cio-economic status; and, a lack of relationships outside the enclosed settlements. In Hungary, the most frequent risk factors are: a socio-economically disadvantageous envi-ronment; low levels of education and schooling problems; lack of proper housing; financial problems; learning difficulties; dissatisfaction with the school; socio-emotional disorders; delinquency; health problems; homelessness; and, drug or alcohol abuse. NEET Youth are fa-cing with this multi-dimensional difficulties, regional disparities and a lack of proper services.The general employment statistics have been improving in Hungary since 2010. The emplo-yment rate of the 15-39-year-old population has increased from 53.0% to 62.5% between 2009 - 2019. The employment rate improved in every type of settlement/area. The improve-ment can be attributed to the community work in the marginalised regions micro-regions and settlements. The NEET rate shows a considerable improvement of nearly 40% between 2009 and 2019 in the urban environment for all age groups. A slight improvement can be detected in the towns and urban environment, which amounts to 25% for all age groups between 2009 and 2019. However special services and targeted programmes are required to make a diffe-rence for NEET Youth.
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