Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grosses données'
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Décoret, Xavier. "Pré-traitement de grosses bases de données pour la visualisation interactive." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528890.
Full textZaidi, Houda. "Amélioration de la qualité des données : correction sémantique des anomalies inter-colonnes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1094/document.
Full textData quality represents a major challenge because the cost of anomalies can be very high especially for large databases in enterprises that need to exchange information between systems and integrate large amounts of data. Decision making using erroneous data has a bad influence on the activities of organizations. Quantity of data continues to increase as well as the risks of anomalies. The automatic correction of these anomalies is a topic that is becoming more important both in business and in the academic world. In this report, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-columns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns
Zaidi, Houda. "Amélioration de la qualité des données : correction sémantique des anomalies inter-colonnes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1094.
Full textData quality represents a major challenge because the cost of anomalies can be very high especially for large databases in enterprises that need to exchange information between systems and integrate large amounts of data. Decision making using erroneous data has a bad influence on the activities of organizations. Quantity of data continues to increase as well as the risks of anomalies. The automatic correction of these anomalies is a topic that is becoming more important both in business and in the academic world. In this report, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-columns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns
Nassif, Moussa Daou David. "Caractérisation des aérosols par inversion des données combinées des photomètres et lidars au sol." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6058.
Full textDao, Quang Minh. "High performance processing of metagenomics data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS203.
Full textThe assessment and characterization of the gut microbiome has become a focus of research in the area of human autoimmune diseases. Many diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel (IBD), lean or beses twins, colorectal cancers and so on (Qin et al. 2010; Turnbaugh et al. 2009) have already been found to be associated with changes in the human microbiome. To investigate these relationships, quantitative metagenomics (QM) studies based on sequencing data could be performed. Understanding the role of the microbiome in human health and how it can be modulated is becoming increasingly relevant for precision medicine and for the medical management of chronic diseases. Results from such QM studies which report the organisms present in the samples and profile their abundances, will be used for continuous analyses. The terms microbiome and microbiota are used indistinctly to describe the community of microorganisms that live in a given environment. The development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies has boosted microbiome research through the study of microbial genomes allowing a more precise quantification of microbial and functional abundance. However, microbiome data analysis is challenging because it involves high-dimensional structured multivariate sparse data and because of its compositional structure of microbiome data. The data preprocessing is typically implemented as a pipeline (workflow) with third-party software that each process input files and produces output files. The pipelines are often deep, with ten or more tools, which could be very diverse from different languages such as R, Python, Perl etc. and integrated into different frameworks (Leipzig 2017) such as Galaxy, Apache Taverna, Toil etc. The challenges with existing approaches is that they are not always efficient with very large datasets in terms of scalability for individual tools in a metagenomics pipeline and their execution speed also has not met the expectations of the bioinformaticians. To date, more and more data are captured or generated from many different research areas such as Physics, Climatology, Sociology, Remote sensing or Management as well as bioinformatics. Indeed, Big Data Analytics (BDA) describes the unprecedented growth of data generated and collected from all kinds of data sources as mentioned above. This growth could be in the volume of data, in the speed of data moving in/out or in the speed of analyzing data which depends on high-performance computing (HPC) technologies. In the past few decades since the invention of the computer, HPC has contributed significantly to our quality of life - driving scientific innovation, enhancing engineering design and consumer goods manufacturing, as well as strengthening national and international security. This has been recognised and emphasised by both government and industry, with major ongoing investments in areas encompassing weather forecasting, scientific research and development as well as drug design and healthcare outcomes. In many ways, those two worlds (HPC and big data) are slowly, but surely converging. They are the keys to overcome limitations of bioinformatics analysis in general and quantitative metagenomics analysis in particular. Within the scope of this thesis, we contributed a novel bioinformatics framework and pipeline called QMSpy which helped bioinformaticians overcome limitations related to HPC and big data domains in the context of quantitative metagenomics. QMSpy tackles two challenges introduced by large scale NGS data: (i) sequencing data alignment - a computation intensive task and (ii) quantify metagenomics objects - a memory intensive task. By leveraging the powerful distributed computing engine (Apache Spark), in combination with the workflow management of big data processing (Hortonwork Data Platform), QMSpy allows us not only to bypass [...]
Wright, Sophie. "Données obstétricales et néonatales précoces des grossesses gémellaires après réduction embryonnaire." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11106.
Full textNENY, BOYAVAL MYRIAM. "Toxoplasmose et grossesse : donnees epidemiologiques, strategie diagnostique et therapeutique." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M420.
Full textBarby, Marie-Laure. "Le syndrome de régression caudale chez l'enfant de mère diabétique : données actuelles : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25266.
Full textBelhaddad, Fatiha. "Dépression pré-partum et post-partum : analyse des données de MATQUID sur 419 femmes et étude comparative avec une étude suisse." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M004.
Full textCottrell, Gilles. "Paludisme gestationnel en Afrique subsaharienne : l'infection périphérique aux différentes périodes de la grossesse et ses conséquences sur l'infection placentaire et le poids de naissance du nouveau-né." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066067.
Full textBlotière, Pierre-Olivier. "Utilisation des bases de données de l’Assurance Maladie pour l’étude de l’utilisation des antiépileptiques pendant la grossesse et des risques associés à l’exposition in utero chez l’enfant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0053.
Full textThe works of this thesis have been carried out within a programme of pharmacoepidemiological studies initiated by the National Agency of Medicine and Health Product Safety (ANSM) and the National Health Insurance fund (Cnam) in order to evaluate the public health situation in relation to prenatal exposure to valproic acid in France on the basis of the French health care databases. The objective of this thesis was to study antiepileptic drug (AED) use during pregnancy and the risks of congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prenatal exposure to these drugs. In a first study, we developed an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes and related outcomes using the French health care claims databases and applied it to study AED use during pregnancy between 2007 and 2014. Over the study period, 6.7 per 1000 pregnancies were exposed to an AED. The use of newer AEDs increased concomitantly with the decreased use of valproic acid and the other older AEDs. In a second study, prenatal exposure to valproic acid was found to be associated with a wide range of malformations among those investigated, with a dose-response relationship for half of them, and prenatal exposure to topiramate with an increased risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Signals concerning pregabalin, clonazepam and phenobarbital have also been identified. In a third study, prenatal exposure to valproic acid was found to be associated with increased risks of all early neurodevelopmental outcomes investigated compared with lamotrigine, with a dose-response relationship. Prenatal exposure to the other AEDs was not associated with an increased risk of any of these neurodevelopmental outcomes versus lamotrigine. Conducting pharmacoepidemiological studies based on the French health care databases enabled the health authorities to rapidly provide data on the use of AED during pregnancy in France. It also brought additional evidence to the international observational literature on the consequences of prenatal exposure to AEDs for the unborn child
Savignoni, Alexia. "Estimation et interprétation de l'effet pronostique d'une grossesse survenant après le traitement d'un cancer du sein : approche méthodologique par des simulations de données de survie évaluant l'impact d'un événement survenant au cours du temps et en lien avec le statut pronostique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S026/document.
Full textAlmost fifty thousand women were treated for breast cancer in France in 2012. Two percents occur in women under 35 years old. As more women are postponingchildbearing until later life, physicians are more often faced with questions regarding their subsequent pregnancy. Reproductive history, hormonal influences, and breastcarcinoma may be interrelated. However no study has reported a pejorative effect of the pregnancy on the breast cancer recurrences; many studies have found that pregnancy has no adverse effects on clinical outcome in women diagnosed previously with breast cancer, and may even have a long-term protective effect in some. This phenomenon may be due to the « healthy mother bias »: only women who feel well will pursue a subsequent pregnancy. So the pregnancy is an event which occurrence is linked to the prognostic status of the patient; and its appearance might interact with the hormonal sensitivity of the breast cancer. To try to take into account this confusion bias in the estimation and interpretation of the pregnancy effect, we explore two approaches. The pregnancy is considered as an exposure. In a first way, we apply the illness-death model to analyze cohort data: the exposition is the intermediate state which value depends on time; the estimation of the factors related to the transition to the exposure allows a qualitative evaluation of the confusion. The effect of the exposure is studied through the comparison between the transitions to the event of interest: those which underwent the intermediate state and the others. This effect is estimated by taking into account the interaction between the exposure and the prognostic factors characterizing the gravity of the disease as reflecting the health status. In the second approach, pairs composed of an exposed and a non-exposed subject are created from the cohort data. In the literature, the matching is realized by creating pairs a posteriori, as if the pregnancy was known at the cancer diagnosis date. We propose in this particular case where the event characterizing the member of the pair is an event occurring over time, a newmatching method. Moreover, we studied some known models of analysis dedicated to the censored correlated data: the stratified Cox model of Holt and Prentice, the more used, and the Cox model of Lee, Wei and Amato. All the work is based on a large simulation study in order to estimate and interpret the prognostic effect of an event occurring over time and related to the prognostic status. The simulations conclusions were applied to the analysis of real data of young women treated for a breast cancer, in order to evaluate the possible prognostic effect of a subsequent pregnancy
Codaccioni, Marc. "Évaluation de l’exposition fœtale aux substances chimiques grâce à la modélisation pharmacocinétique basée sur la physiologie (PBPK) et son application aux données d’imprégnation des populations." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0019.
Full textNumerous biomonitoring studies have shown the exposure of pregnant women to synthetic substances. In parallel, several epidemiological studies have highlighted associations between maternal blood concentrations measured during pregnancy or cord blood concentrations measured at birth and adverse effects in the offspring at birth or later in life. However, this type of measurements does not guarantee being representative of in utero exposures throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, it is not possible to measure longitudinally fetal concentrations due to obvious ethical reasons. Pregnancy physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (pPBPK) models allow the simulation of xenobiotic internal exposures in different maternal and fetal organs during gestation. Therefore, they offer an opportunity to better estimate the relationship between the dose and the risk of a toxic effect by considering tissue dosimetry. Although pPBPK models often incorporate physiological changes associated with pregnancy, some processes are still poorly known such as placental transfer (PT). The aim of the thesis is to improve the integration of PT in pPBPK modelling in order to predict fetal internal exposures from biomonitoring data.First, a scientific literature review of the published pPBPK models was conducted with a focus on the various model structures used to describe PT. It allowed the identification of 12 structures among 50 original models which corresponded to 4 types of kinetic profiles according to the number of transfer constants. Animal in vivo data were identified as the main source to support their parameterization although they cannot be directly extrapolated to humans and imply the killing of numerous animals. From this basis, we developed a pPBPK model which integrated four transfer models calibrated using non-animal methods so as to assess their performance to predict the fetal dosimetry on a set of ten substances. Our results show that the performance varied among models and substances, preventing the identification of a reference predictive model. Monte-Carlo simulations showed that one of the transfer models differed from the others in terms of fetal exposure variation across trimesters. Finally, a global sensitivity analysis shed light on a great extent of influence of the transfer constants as well as the metabolic clearance and fraction unbound, to a lesser extent, on simulated fetal exposure. The last part of the thesis consisted in applying the developed pPBPK model to estimate the internal fetal concentrations of two PCB and two PBDE substances from observed maternal plasma concentrations taken from the French ELFE cohort. To that end, we selected a specific PT model for each compound based on the prediction of fetal to maternal concentrations ratio at term. The ranking of chemicals based on the simulated exposure indicators varied between mother and fetus at term, as between the first and the other two trimesters in fetal plasma.In conclusion, this work highlights the potential of pPBPK modelling in the prenatal exposures assessment. It demonstrates the ability of a model to simulate adequate internal exposure indicators from a mechanistic and temporal points of view, notably from biomonitoring data. Furthermore, in light of strong ethical and regulatory constraints, this work indicates the role of alternative methods in the parameterization of key processes of the internal fetal dose such as the transplacental passage. This work could be used for the assessment of the prenatal exposome as well as in the developmental toxicity risk assessment of a substance
Bertrand, Véronique. "Connaissances et perceptions des infirmières de la femme obèse qui donne naissance." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24069.
Full textTroude, Pénélope. "Devenir à long terme de couples traités par fécondation in vitro dans la cohorte DAIFI." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933360.
Full textMoslem, Bassam. "Méthodes non paramétriques pour la classification dans les signaux non stationnaires : application à l'EMG utérin." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1981.
Full textUterine contraction monitoring provides important prognostic information during pregnancy and labor and can be used for an early detection of any sign of preterm labor. Current techniques used for monitoring the uterine contraction impose a compromise between accuracy and invasiveness. Recently, the uterine electrical activity has been proven to be representative of the uterine contractility. The uterine electromyogram (EMG), also called the electrohysterogram (EHG), is the bioelectrical signal associated with the uterine activity. Recorded noninvasively from the abdominal wall of pregnant women, uterine EMG gives valuable information about the function aspects of the uterine contractility. Numerous studies have analyzed the uterine recordings associated with pregnancy and labor: it has been proven that it is of interest to offer a good insight into the process of pregnancy and labor and may be also used to predict the risk of preterm labor. Our study focuses on feature extraction, pregnancy monitoring and signal classification. In the first part, we apply new signal processing techniques (spectral analysis, multiresolution analysis, nonlinear analysis…) in order to extract new features capable of provide the best characterization of the uterine EMG. Next, a pregnancy monitoring using the extracted features in presented. This study concerns different women recorded at several pregnancy terms. This approach is improved by applying the multiresolution analysis based on the wavelet packet transform. We searched for the best basis adapted for the problem of pregnancy monitoring. In order to benefit from the multichannel type of the recorded signals, we study the spatial variability of the electrical activity at different recording sites of the uterus. This multichannel-based approach allows us to know the way the electrical activity changes at throughout pregnancy over all the uterine muscle. In the last part, we present our work on classifying uterine EMG signals between two classes of contraction (pregnancy vs. Labor). A novel approach based on multisensor data fusion is presented. The high correct classification ratio (92%) obtained proves that this method may be the solution for the problem described
Cazein, Françoise. "Prévalence du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine chez les femmes enceintes en Europe (1990-1996)." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P009.
Full textDemailly, Romain. "Détection automatisée de signaux en pharmacovigilance chez la femme enceinte à partir de bases médico-administratives Prescription drug use during pregnancy in France: a study from the national health insurance permanent sample Identifying drugs inducing prematurity by mining claims data with high-dimensional confounder score strategies." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV011.
Full textThe use of drugs is often necessary during pregnancy despite a lack of knowledge of their adverse effects on pregnancy or the fetus. The identification of adverse reactions to marketed drugs using statistical signal detection tools classically relies on the use of large spontaneous reporting databases in which pregnancy status is unfrequent. Health claims databases are increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiology studies, including those of pregnant women. They are therefore a potential resource for automated pharmacovigilance. In France, the National Health Data System covers almost the entire French population and the thesis focuses on the use of its permanent sample, the Permanent Beneficiaries Sample (EGB). The first axis describes the prescription of drugs for pregnant women and more particularly teratogenic or fetotoxic drugs and supplementations recommended during pregnancy. The results of this work are that pregnant women are dispensed a lot of medications. Known risk drugs are rarely prescribed during pregnancy and recommended supplementation is increased during the study period. Pregnant women on low incomes have more drug prescribed but fewer supplementations. The second axis focuses on the development of a signal detection methodology based on the use of the propensity score or the prognostic score in high dimension. This methodology is applied to identify drugs possibly associated with an increased risk of prematurity. A detection criterion derived from these scores, the p-RD (p-value relative decrease), is proposed and its relevance assessed through a reference set created from a manual review of the MEDLINE literature supplemented by pharmacological expertise. The results show that the use of the p-RD derived from the prognostic score makes it possible to better take into account confusion, and to limit indication and protopathic bias. For the third axis, the p-RD is applied to twenty specific or non-specific pregnancy pathologies and combined with an automated query of MeSH keywords from MEDLINE articles. The relevance of the signals generated by the p-RD depends on both the frequency of drug exposure and pathology and whether the pathology is well characterized. Automated query allows easy annotation of known adverse drug reactions. In conclusion, this thesis shows the value of medico-administrative data for analyzing the evolution of drug prescription during pregnancy and for the detection of pharmacovigilance signals in pregnancy
Gendron, Marie-Pierre. "Utilisation de médicaments durant la grossesse et l’allaitement : données d’un centre d’information sur les tératogènes." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5278.
Full textTeratogen Information Services (TIS) are giving information on the risks and benefits associated with medication use during pregnancy and lactation, to the health care providers and the public. IMAGe Center at the CHU Sainte-Justine in Quebec is a TIS which providing since 1997 a free telephone information service to the health care providers. Two studies were conducted using the calls received at IMAGe Center. The first study included all the calls received between January 2004, and April 2007, concerning women who used or expected to use medication during pregnancy or lactation. The objectives of this study aimed to identify the most frequent medication classes, the indications of use, and the predictors of a call concerning them (associated maternal characteristics). Antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, benzodiazepines, and anti-psychotics represented the medication classes with the greater amount of calls. These results rise to the possibility that more information about the risks and benefits associated with the use of these medication classes during pregnancy and lactation is needed by the health care providers. Depression was in the top three of the most prevalent indications of use for the antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and anti-psychotics. Smoking was associated with the use of antidepressants and anti-psychotics during pregnancy, and with a call concerning the anti-inflammatory drugs during lactation. The second study included all the calls received between January 2003, and March 2008. This study aimed to identify the impact of the Health Canada (HC) warnings, concerning the risks of antidepressant use during pregnancy, and related to the rofecoxib market withdrawal, on the number of calls received to IMAGe. Time series of the weekly number of calls received demonstrated that the Health Canada warning on the risk of cardiac malformations associated with paroxetine use during the first trimester of pregnancy generated a statistically significant abrupt and permanent increase of the calls received at IMAGe about the antidepressants. These studies ensure to better understand the information need of the health care providers concerning the risks and benefits of medication use during pregnancy and lactation.
Martel, Marie-Claude. ""Utilisation médicamenteuse pendant la grossesse chez des patientes ayant une maladie chronique pré-existante : étude pilote pour la mise en place des outils de recueil de données"." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15627.
Full textBreton, Marie-Claude. "Le risque de mortalité périnatale associé à l’asthme et à l’utilisation de corticostéroïdes inhalés pendant la grossesse." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4899.
Full textMaternal asthma is one of the most common medical conditions in developed contries that can cause serious problems for the mother and the foetus with 3.4% to 12.4% of pregnancies complicated by asthma. On the other hand, a relatively important rate of of pregnant women, 4% to 7%, uses anti-asthmatic drugs. Stillbirth, neonatal mortality and/or perinatal mortality are the most dramatic perinatal pregnancy outcomes for children and families. However, the effect of asthma and the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) during pregnancy on these perinatal outcomes have been inadequately evaluated. Most studies that have evaluated these associations suffer from a lack of statistical power and/or a lack or an inadequate adjustment for potential confounding variables. The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the risk of perinatal mortality among asthmatic women compared to non-asthmatic women. This thesis also aims at evaluating whether or not asthmatic women exposed to ICS during pregnancy are more at risk of perinatal mortality than asthmatic women who are not exposed to ICS as well as estimating the risk of perinatal mortality as a function of the daily dose of ICS taken by the mother during pregnancy. From the linkage of three of Quebec’s administrative databases, a large cohort was created including asthmatics and non-asthmatic women who had at least one pregnancy between 1990 and 2002 (n=41 142). From this cohort, two cohorts of pregnancies were constructed. The first two studies presented in this thesis were based on the entire cohort, whereas the third study was based only on the pregnancies of asthmatic women. A cohort study was first conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal asthma on the risk of perinatal mortality while adjusting for confounding variables derived from the administrative databases. To better quantify the association between maternal asthma and the risk of perinatal mortality, a two-stage sampling cohort design was conducted using additional information on smoking, illicit drug use and history of stillbirths, which were gathered from the medical charts of a sampling of mothers. Finally, the risk of perinatal mortality among asthmatic women exposed to ICS during pregnancy and the risk of perinatal mortality according to the daily dose of ICS taken during pregnancy were evaluated with a two-stage sampling cohort design among asthmatics women only. Firstly, we observed that asthma during pregnancy may increase the risk of perinatal mortality due to an increased risk of low birth weight and premature delivery among asthmatic women (OR=1.30; 95%CI: 1.05-1.57). However, after adjusting for cigarette smoking, the relative risk of perinatal mortality decreased to 12% and did not remain statistically significant. Finally, no significant increased risk of perinatal mortality among asthmatic women exposed to ICS during pregnancy (any doses) as compared to asthmatic women who were not exposed to ICS during pregnancy was observed (OR=1.07 (95% CI: 0.70 -1.61)) and a non-significant protective effect was observed among women who used 250 ug or less of ICS per day (OR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.55 -1.44)). However, the use of more than 250 ug/day of ICS was associated with a 52% increased risk of perinatal mortality, but the association was not significant (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 0.62-3.76). This increased risk may be explain by an inadequate adjustment for asthma severity and control (asthmatic women who used more than 250 ug/day of ICS may have more severe and uncontrolled asthma). The conclusions of our work which is rather reassuring can contribute to a better management of asthma during pregnancy, assist physicians in prescribing ICS during pregnancy and reassure pregnant women with asthma and pregnant women who should use ICS. However, additional studies are needed before we can conclude that higher doses of ICS (> 250 ug/day) are safe during pregnancy.
Ahmed, Sherief. "Association between asthma during pregnancy and postpartum depression." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19548.
Full textThere is evidence from several epidemiological studies on the increased risk of depression among women with asthma outside of pregnancy. However, we found no studies designed to investigate the association between asthma during pregnancy and postpartum depression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the association between asthma during pregnancy and postpartum depression. Based on Quebec administrative databases, we constructed a cohort of 35,520 pregnancies from asthmatic women and 197,057 pregnancies from non-asthmatic women who delivered between 1998 and 2009. Asthmatic women were identified using a validated operational definition. Postpartum depression was defined and specified with diagnostic codes for depression from the definition of Statistics Canada recorded in the RAMQ or MED-ECHO databases and assessed 1 year postpartum. A generalized estimating equation model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of postpartum depression and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing women with and without asthma during pregnancy. The proportion of postpartum depression 1 year after delivery was higher among asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic pregnant women (6.1% vs. 2.9%). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that women with asthma were 58% more likely to have postpartum depression (adjusted OR: 1.58; 95%CI, 1.50-1.67) than women without asthma during pregnancy. The findings of our study suggest an increased risk of postpartum depression among asthmatic women. Attention should be given to depressive symptoms in asthmatic women in the year postpartum to detect postpartum depression more rapidly and intervene more efficiently.
Martel, Marie-Josée. "L'asthme de la mère, son niveau de contrôle et de sévérité pendant la grossesse et l'incidence d'asthme, de rhinite allergique et de dermatite atopique chez l'enfant." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6655.
Full textIssa, Simone. "Association between timing of asthma diagnosis and medication use during pregnancy." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24195.
Full textAsthma medication use during pregnancy is recommended by international guidelines to maintain control of symptoms since poor control has been shown to increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. To date, no studies have evaluated the association between the timing of new-onset asthma and the use of asthma medications during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess whether asthma medication use during pregnancy differs in women with asthma diagnosed during the first 19 weeks of pregnancy compared to those diagnosed 2 years before pregnancy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Quebec asthma and pregnancy database. The primary outcome was the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), ICS/long-acting ß2-agonists (LABA) and short-acting ß2-agonists (SABA) during pregnancy defined as the number of filled prescriptions from 20 weeks of pregnancy (Cohort entry – CE –) until delivery. Oral corticosteroids (OCS) use during pregnancy was defined as the number of days of filled prescriptions from CE until delivery. Poisson regression models were used to compare the rates of asthma medication use between women diagnosed before and early in pregnancy, while adjusting for potential confounders. The secondary outcomes were the treatment dispensed at diagnosis defined as asthma medications filled at the pharmacy in the month prior and the month following the date of asthma diagnosis and adherence to ICS during follow-up estimated with the proportion of days covered (PDC). The cohort included 1 731 women with asthma diagnosed before and 359 early in pregnancy. Women diagnosed early in pregnancy were more likely to use ICS [aRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.3] and SABA [aRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–2.4] than women diagnosed pre-pregnancy. No difference in the use ICS/LABA [aRR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7–1.3] and OCS [aRR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.2]. The most common asthma controller and reliever dispensed in the month prior to diagnosis and the month after diagnosis were ICS and SABA, respectively, for both sub-cohorts. The mean PDC over the study follow-up among users of ICS-based controllers in women diagnosed pre-pregnancy was quite similar to those diagnosed early in pregnancy (27.7%; 95% CI 25.3–30.1 vs 24.5%; 95% CI 21.3–27.8). With respect to adherence, the linear regression model revealed that the adjusted difference in ICS adherence was not statistically significant (-3.6; 95% CI -7.9 to 0.6). Asthma diagnosed early in pregnancy might suggest a more persistent asthma in nature due to hormonal changes requiring more use of ICS and SABA. Taking into consideration low asthma medication use and adherence during pregnancy, these results support a closer medical follow-up of asthmatic women newly diagnosed before or early in pregnancy by providing patients with educational resources about asthma management to maintain asthma under control and prevent serious perinatal outcomes.
Zehr, Justine. "Étude de l’impact de la prise de médicaments dans le traitement de l’arthrite juvénile sur les événements néfastes à l’accouchement chez la mère et son bébé." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16191.
Full textLa plupart des femmes ayant été atteintes d’arthrite juvénile idiopathique (AJI) continuent de souffrir d’arthrite à l’âge adulte. Certains des médicaments utilisés dans le traitement de l’arthrite tels que les corticostéroïdes et les antiinflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) ne sont pas recommandés durant la grossesse. Le but de ce mémoire est d’estimer l’impact de la prise de ces médicaments sur les événements néfastes à l’accouchement chez ces femmes et leur bébé. Des données administratives sur les prescriptions de médicaments et les hospitalisations d’une cohorte de 1756 femmes ayant souffert d’AJI sont utilisées. Elles ont permis de reconstruire l’historique de consommation de médicaments contre l’arthrite chez les femmes durant la grossesse et l’année précédente. Pour ce faire, deux sous-cohortes de femmes ayant souffert d’AJI ont été formées : une pour la période grossesse et une autre pour la grossesse et l’année précédant celle-ci. Les événements d’intérêt étaient : malformations congénitales, complications néonatales, complications maternelles et petit poids pour l’âge gestationnel. Les proportions de cas présentant l’un de ces événements variaient entre 11,52% et 37,08%. Les médicaments ont été modélisés en terme d’utilisation ou de durée totale de consommation durant la période d’étude. Pour chaque événement, des modèles logistiques ont été estimés pour mesurer l’association entre la prise de médicaments et l’événement, en ajustant pour des variables de confusion potentielles : hypertension avant la grossesse, âge à l’accouchement et obtention du diplôme de secondaire. La consommation de corticostéroïdes semble augmenter statistiquement significativement le risque de présenter des malformations congénitales mais n’avoir aucun impact sur les autres événements. Aucun lien statistiquement significatif n’a été observé entre la consommation de AINS et les événements d’intérêt.
Most women diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) continue to suffer from arthritis in adulthood. Some of the drugs used to treat arthritis such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended during pregnancy. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the impact of these drugs on adverse birth outcomes in women previously diagnosed with JIA and their baby. Administrative data on drug prescriptions and hospitalizations in a cohort of 1756 women with a history of JIA were used to determine individual histories of drug use for the treatment of arthritis during pregnancy and during the year leading to the pregnancy. Two sub-cohorts of women who suffered from JIA were created : one corresponding to the pregnancy and the other to the pregnancy and the year leading to the pregnancy. The events of interest were : congenital anomalies, neonatal adverse outcomes, maternal adverse outcomes and small for gestational age babies. Proportions of the events ranged between 11,52% and 37,08%. Drugs were modelled in terms of use or duration of use during each of the study periods. Logistic regression models were fitted to measure the association between drugs and each of the events, adjusting for the following potential confounding variables : hypertension before pregnancy, maternal age and graduating from high school. The consumption of corticosteroids was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of congenital anomalies but had no impact on the other adverse events. No statistically significant associations were observed between consumption of NSAIDs and the adverse events of interest.