Journal articles: 'Groote Eylandt'

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Franklin, Donald C. "The Birds of Groote Eylandt." Emu - Austral Ornithology 104, no. 3 (September 2004): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/muv104n3_br4.

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Heiniger, Jaime, Skye F. Cameron, Thomas Madsen, Amanda C. Niehaus, and Robbie S. Wilson. "Demography and spatial requirements of the endangered northern quoll on Groote Eylandt." Wildlife Research 47, no. 3 (2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19052.

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Abstract ContextAustralia has experienced the highest number of mammal extinctions of any continent over the past two centuries. Understanding the demography and spatial requirements of populations before declines occur is fundamental to confirm species trajectory, elucidate causes of decline and develop effective management strategies. AimsWe evaluated the demography and spatial requirements of a northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus, population on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory. Groote Eylandt is considered a refuge for the species because key threatening processes are absent or limited; cane toads and introduced ungulates are absent, feral cats are infrequently detected and the fire regime is benign compared with mainland Northern Territory. MethodsWe conducted a 4-year capture–mark–recapture study to monitor growth, reproduction and survival of northern quolls within a 128-ha area, and we evaluated spatial requirements by attaching GPS units to both sexes. To assess the status of the Groote Eylandt population, we compared the demographics with existing data from mainland populations. Key resultsThe average density of northern quolls was 0.33ha−1. However, there was a 58% decline in female density, primarily between 2012 and 2013, corresponding with a decrease in female body mass. Females survived and bred in up to 3 years and adult survival rates did not vary among years, suggesting that juvenile recruitment drives population fluctuations. Male quolls were semelparous, with die-off occurring in the months following breeding. The median female and male home ranges were 15.7ha and 128.6ha respectively, and male ranges increased significantly during breeding, with 1616ha being the largest recorded. ConclusionsThe northern quoll population on Groote Eylandt had a higher density, female survival and reproductive success than has been previously recorded on the mainland. However, a marked decline was recorded corresponding with a decrease in female mass, indicating below-average rainfall as the likely cause. ImplicationsGroote Eylandt remains a refuge for the endangered northern quoll. However, even in the absence of key threatening processes, the population has declined markedly, highlighting the impact of environmental fluctuations. Maintaining the ecological integrity of Groote Eylandt is imperative for population recovery, and managing threats on the mainland over appropriate spatial scales is necessary to increase population resilience.

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Biles, David. "The Use of Imprisonment on Groote Eylandt." Australian Journal of Social Issues 20, no. 3 (September 1985): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1985.tb00803.x.

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Pranowo, Widodo S., and Sugiarta Wirasantosa. "TIDAL REGIMS OF ARAFURA AND TIMOR SEA." Marine Research in Indonesia 36, no. 1 (October 7, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v36i1.525.

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Tidal range in the Arafura and Teimor Sea region is estimated from the actual field records collected by five tidal stations during March 2011. These stations include Rote and Saumlaki tidal stations of Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional (Bakosurtanal) Indonesia, and Broome, Darwin and Groote Eylandt tidal stations of Australia Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). In addition to data from these stations, datasets of sea surface height obtained from Topex/Poseidon altimetry at seven (7) virtual stations were used. Generally, the results of this study are in agreement with that of Wyrtki (1961). However, by utilizing spectral analysis and form factor, this study shows difference in terms of tidal types from that of Wyrtki's, particularly at Karumba and Groote Eylandt stations.

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Woinarski, J. C. Z., N. Gambold, A. Fisher, D. Wurst, T. F. Flannery, A. P. Smith, and R. Chatto. "Distribution and habitat of the northern hopping-mouse, Notomys aquilo." Wildlife Research 26, no. 4 (1999): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97059.

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Current documentation and specimen data for Notomys aquilo are restricted to three localities: Cape York (one record from the nineteenth century), Groote Eylandt, and central Arnhem Land (one record). A field survey based on signs of N. aquilo and Aboriginal information indicated that the species occurs widely on sandy substrates of Arnhem Land. Recent observation of signs suggests that it may also persist on Cape York Peninsula. The species is reasonably common on Groote Eylandt, where it was recorded most frequently in shrublands (dominated by either Acacia spp., Hakea arborescens or Banksia dentata), but occurred also in coastal grasslands and other strand vegetation. Its abundance there is associated with the cover of hummock grass and several pea species. The conservation status of the species appears to be secure.

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Greene, A. C., and J. C. Madgwick. "Heterotrophic manganese‐oxidizing bacteria from Groote Eylandt, Australia." Geomicrobiology Journal 6, no. 2 (January 1988): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490458809377829.

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OLIVER, PAUL M., CHRIS J. JOLLY, PHILLIP L. SKIPWITH, LEONARDO G. TEDESCHI, and GRAEME R. GILLESPIE. "A new velvet gecko (Oedura: Diplodactylidae) from Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory." Zootaxa 4779, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.10.

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Over the last decade, the combination of biological surveys, genetic diversity assessments and systematic research has revealed a growing number of previously unrecognised vertebrate species endemic to the Australian Monsoonal Tropics. Here we describe a new species of saxicoline velvet gecko in the Oedura marmorata complex from Groote Eylandt, a large island off the eastern edge of the Top End region of the Northern Territory. Oedura nesos sp. nov. differs from all congeners in combination of moderate size, and aspects of tail morphology and colouration. It has not been reported from the nearby mainland regions (eastern Arnhem Land) suggesting it may be an insular endemic, although further survey work is required to confirm this. While Groote Eylandt is recognised as a contemporary ecological refuge for declining mammal species of northern Australia, newly detected endemic species suggest it may also be of significance as an evolutionary refuge for many taxa, especially those associated with sandstone escarpments.

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Pracejus, Bernhard, and Barrie R. Bolton. "Geochemistry of supergene manganese oxide deposits, Groote Eylandt, Australia." Economic Geology 87, no. 5 (August 1, 1992): 1310–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.5.1310.

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Irvine, Richard, and Harald Berents. "Airborne EM survey over the Groote Eylandt manganese mine." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2001, no. 1 (December 2001): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2001ab062.

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TYLER, M. J., M. DAVIES, and G. F. WATSON. "The frog fauna of Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 88, no. 1 (September 1986): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1986.tb00878.x.

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Cawte, John, and Mark Florence. "ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE OF MANGANESE ON GROOTE EYLANDT, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Lancet 329, no. 8548 (June 1987): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92226-4.

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Ostwald, J. "Mineralogy of the Groote Eylandt manganese oxides: A review." Ore Geology Reviews 4, no. 1-2 (November 1988): 3–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(88)90003-0.

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Diete, Rebecca L., Paul D. Meek, Christopher R. Dickman, and Luke K. P. Leung. "Burrowing behaviour of the northern hopping-mouse (Notomys aquilo): field observations." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 2 (2014): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13039.

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We describe burrowing behaviour of the elusive northern hopping-mouse (Notomys aquilo) recorded by camera traps. New burrows were observed at the beginning and end of the wet season on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory. Initial burrow entrances were open for approximately five days before being back-filled, leaving only a spoil heap with pop holes (burrow entrances) up to 5.3 m away. These results will improve survey techniques for this cryptic, threatened species.

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Rademaker, Laura. "Language and Australian Aboriginal History Anindilyakwa and English on Groote Eylandt." History Australia 11, no. 2 (January 2014): 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2014.11668523.

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Shulmeister, James, and Brian G. Lees. "Morphology and chronostratigraphy of a coastal dunefield; Groote Eylandt, northern Australia." Geomorphology 5, no. 6 (September 1992): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(92)90023-h.

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Buckworth, RC. "Movements and growth of tagged Blue Endeavour Prawns, Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt 1926), in the Western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921283.

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Mark-recapture experiments, conducted near Groote Eylandt in the western Gulf of Carpentaria during 1984, were used to examine movements and growth of blue endeavour prawns, Metapenaeus endeavouri. The mean distance moved by tagged animals was only 12.7 (s.e.�1.0) km, but a few were recaptured > 100 km from their release sites. The mean time at liberty was 36.8 (�1.6) days, the maximum being 155 days. The distance and speed of movements were not related to the size or sex of tagged prawns. Nonuniform recapture patterns corresponded largely with fishing effort. Recaptures per unit effort (R/f analyses), used to account for nonuniform fishing effort, indicated that there was no directionality in movements. Thus, tagged specimens of M. endeavouri dispersed slowly across suitable adult habitat, with limited intermixing of adults from stocks around Groote Eylandt. Estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth parameters L∞ and K for each sex were obtained for data from summer and winter releases. The fit of the von Bertalanffy model to summer data was limited by the small number of recaptures. The fit of the model to winter data was improved by removing early recaptures, and these estimates are presented as the primary descriptors of growth in M. endeavouri. Parameter estimates did not differ significantly between seasons, but L∞ differed between sexes and K differed between sexes in winter. Predicted growth corresponded to the progression of modes in length-frequency data from commercial catches.

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Phillips, J. A., C. Conacher, and J. Horrocks. "Marine macroalgae from the Gulf of Carpentaria, tropical northern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 3 (1999): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98010.

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Over the last two decades, CSIRO surveys of the seagrass communities in the south-western Gulf of Carpentaria and at Groote Eylandt, the Northern Territory, have provided opportunities for the collection of marine macroalgae from this poorly explored, remote region. Although the cruises did not concentrate on macroalgal communities which typically grow on rocky substrates, 64 specific and subspecific taxa of marine Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyta were collected, including 30 species newly recorded for the Gulf. The majority of Gulf species also occur on the tropical eastern Australian coast. One hundred and thirteen macroalgal taxa are now known to occur in the Gulf of Carpentaria, the number from the present study supplemented by collections from the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition and from an ethnobiological study on Groote Eylandt during the 1970s. Twelve species are recorded by all three Gulf studies and 23 species are reported by two studies. The relatively low number of species common to more than one study is thought to result from each study's narrow sampling window which fails to adequately document the considerable spatial and temporal variability of macroalgal species. Accordingly, the number of species presently recorded for the Gulf is considered to be an underestimate of macroalgal biodiversity for the region. It is clear that further detailed taxonomic and ecological investigations are urgently required before the full extent of macroalgal biodiversity in tropical Australia can be appreciated.

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Bolton, B. R., L. A. Frakes, and J. N. Cook. "Petrography and origin of inversely graded manganese pisolite from Groote Eylandt, Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 4, no. 1-2 (November 1988): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(88)90004-2.

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Pracejus, Bernhard, Barrie R. Bolton, and Larry A. Frakes. "Nature and development of supergene manganese deposits, Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 4, no. 1-2 (November 1988): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(88)90005-4.

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Diete, Rebecca L., Paul D. Meek, Christopher R. Dickman, and Luke K. P. Leung. "Ecology and conservation of the northern hopping-mouse (Notomys aquilo)." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 1 (2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo15082.

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The northern hopping-mouse (Notomys aquilo) is a cryptic and enigmatic rodent endemic to Australia’s monsoonal tropics. Focusing on the insular population on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, we present the first study to successfully use live traps, camera traps and radio-tracking to document the ecology of N. aquilo. Searches for signs of the species, camera trapping, pitfall trapping and spotlighting were conducted across the island during 2012–15. These methods detected the species in three of the 32 locations surveyed. Pitfall traps captured 39 individuals over 7917 trap-nights. Females were significantly longer and heavier, and had better body condition, than males. Breeding occurred throughout the year; however, the greatest influx of juveniles into the population occurred early in the dry season in June and July. Nine individuals radio-tracked in woodland habitat utilised discrete home ranges of 0.39–23.95 ha. All individuals used open microhabitat proportionally more than was available, and there was a strong preference for eucalypt woodland on sandy substrate rather than for adjacent sandstone woodland or acacia shrubland. Camera trapping was more effective than live trapping at estimating abundance and, with the lower effort required to employ this technique, it is recommended for future sampling of the species. Groote Eylandt possibly contains the last populations of N. aquilo, but even there its abundance and distribution have decreased dramatically in surveys over the last several decades. Therefore, we recommend that the species’ conservation status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 be changed from ‘vulnerable’ to ‘endangered’.

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Hams, G. A., and J. K. Fabri. "An analysis for blood manganese used to assess environmental exposure." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.6.1121.

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Abstract In this graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometric method for measuring manganese in whole blood, we use a pyrolytic platform to minimize interference by sample matrix. For optimal sample ashing we denature the sample within the furnace with nitric acid and use oxygen as the purge gas at low temperatures. The mean manganese concentration found in blood from 15 unexposed city dwellers was 215 (2 SD 135) nmol/L. By comparison, the range of manganese concentrations in blood sampled from a group of Australian aborigines living near a surface manganese ore deposit on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, was much higher (median 405 nmol/L, range 175 to 990 nmol/L).

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Diete, Rebecca L., Susan M. Adamczyk, Paul D. Meek, Christopher R. Dickman, and Luke K. P. Leung. "Burrowing behaviour of the delicate mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus) and the management implications for a threatened sympatric rodent (Notomys aquilo)." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 2 (2015): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14028.

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The correct identification of animal signs is imperative when signs are used as evidence of a species’ abundance or distribution. On Groote Eylandt, burrow spoil heaps have been used in surveys for the threatened northern hopping-mouse (Notomys aquilo) as this indicator of presence was assumed to be unique to this species in this area. Using camera traps, positive identification from footage, and burrow excavation and mapping, we determined that spoil heaps made by the common delicate mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus) could not be differentiated from those of N. aquilo. The results demonstrate that more-reliable survey techniques for N. aquilo are required to aid management decisions for this species.

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Dammer, D., A. R. Chivas, and I. McDougall. "Isotopic dating of supergene manganese oxides from the Groote Eylandt Deposit, Northern Territory, Australia." Economic Geology 91, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 386–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.2.386.

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Blaber, S. J. M., D. T. Brewer, J. P. Salini, J. D. Kerr, and C. Conacher. "Species composition and biomasses of fishes in tropical seagrasses at Groote Eylandt, northern Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35, no. 6 (December 1992): 605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(05)80042-3.

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Pracejus, Bernhard, Barrie R. Bolton, Larry A. Frakes, and Malcolm Abbott. "Rare-earth element geochemistry of supergene manganese deposits from Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 5, no. 4 (May 1990): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(90)90035-l.

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Ostwald, J. "The biogeochemical origin of the Groote Eylandt manganese oxide pisoliths and ooliths, northern Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 5, no. 5-6 (October 1990): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(90)90048-r.

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RENTZ, D. C. F., YOU NING SU, NORIHIRO UESHIMA, and MARTYN ROBINSON. "Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: Australian agraeciine katydids, two new genera from northern Australia (Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini)." Zootaxa 2417, no. 1 (April 2, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2417.1.1.

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Two new agraeciine genera and five new species are described from northern Australia. Both genera have species that live in mixed woodlands in the tropics. Armadillagraecia Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson gen. nov. is known from two species in the Northern Territory and one from Queensland. Kapalgagraecia Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson gen. nov. is known from two species, one apparently widespread in the Northern Territory, the other from Groote Eylandt, NT. Cytological data are provided for all Armadillagraecia species but not for Kapalgagraecia. A table is presented documenting knowledge of the known cytology of all Agraeciini. The calling songs of both A. mataranka and A. yerilla Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson gen. et spp. nov. are noted and documented by sonograms. Known biological, ecological and distributional data are presented.

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Mazerand, Cécile, and Ian Edwin Cock. "The Therapeutic Properties of Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Gastrointestinal Disorders on Groote Eylandt, Australia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (November 10, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2438491.

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The First Australians had well-developed healing systems. Groote Eylandt inhabitants used a variety of plant species to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal illnesses. This study was undertaken to test, identify, and evaluate traditional medicines to treat these conditions against gastrointestinal bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens, as well as against cancer cell proliferation. Six plant species (Buchanania obovata Engl., Casuarina equisetifolia L., Eucalyptus tetrodonta F. Muell., Planchonia careya (F. Muell.) R. Knuth, Terminalia carpentariae C. T. White, and Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.) were selected from a survey of a panel of elders from the Warnindhilyagwa tribe and compared with the published literature. Decoctions prepared according to traditional methods were screened for growth inhibitory activity of a panel of diarrhoea-causing bacterial pathogens by disc diffusion and liquid dilution MIC assays. Inhibitory activity against the gastrointestinal protozoal parasite Giardia duodenalis and antiproliferative activity against human colorectal (Caco2) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines were evaluated using MTS-based colorimetric cell proliferation assays. Preliminary antiviral screening was accomplished using an MS2 bacteriophage plaque reduction assay. Toxicity was evaluated using Artemia franciscana nauplii mortality and HDF cell viability bioassays. All traditional medicines tested inhibited bacterial growth, often with MIC values substantially <1000 μg/mL. T. carpentariae was particularly noteworthy, with MIC values of 230–350 μg/mL against Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella newport, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This species also had MICs 450–950 μg/mL against all other bacterial pathogens. B. obovata Engl. and E. tetrodonta were also good inhibitors of bacterial growth, albeit with substantially higher MIC values than determined for T. carpentariae. The T. carpentariae decoction was also the best inhibitor of MS2 phage replication (IC50 = 427 μg/mL) and Caco2 and HeLa proliferation (IC50 values of 885 and 85 μg/mL, respectively). None of the extracts were particularly strong inhibitors of Giardia duodenalis growth. All decoctions were nontoxic in the Artemia nauplii and HDF cell viability bioassays, indicating their suitability for therapeutic use.

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Rademaker, Laura. "Mission, Politics and Linguistic Research." Historiographia Linguistica 42, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2015): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.2-3.06rad.

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Summary This article investigates the ways local mission and national politics shaped linguistic research work in mid-20th century Australia through examining the case of the Church Missionary Society’s Angurugu Mission on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory and research into the Anindilyakwa language. The paper places missionary linguistics in the context of broader policies of assimilation and national visions for Aboriginal people. It reveals how this social and political climate made linguistic research, largely neglected in the 1950s (apart from some notable exceptions), not only possible, but necessary by the 1970s. Finally, it comments on the state of research into Aboriginal languages and the political climate of today. Until the 1950s, the demands of funding and commitment to a government policy of assimilation into white Australia meant that the CMS could not support linguistic research and opportunities for academic linguists to conduct research into Anindilyakwa were limited. By the 1960s, however, national consensus about the future of Aboriginal people and their place in the Australian nation shifted and governments reconsidered the nature of their support for Christian missions. As the ‘industrial mission’ model of the 1950s was no longer politically or economically viable, the CMS looked to reinvent itself, to find new ways of maintaining its evangelical influence on Groote Eylandt. Linguistics and research into Aboriginal cultures – including in partnership with secular academic agents – were a core component of this reinvention of mission, not only for the CMS but more broadly across missions to Aboriginal people. The resulting collaboration across organisations proved remarkably productive from a research perspective and enabled the continuance of a missionary presence and relevance. The political and financial limitations faced by missions shaped, therefore, not only their own practice with regards to linguistic research, but also the opportunities for linguists beyond the missionary fold. The article concludes that, in Australia, the two bodies of linguists – academic and missionary – have a shared history, dependent on similar political, social and financial forces.

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Hoenner, Xavier, Scott D. Whiting, Gavin Enever, Keith Lambert, Mark A. Hindell, and Clive R. McMahon. "Nesting ecology of hawksbill turtles at a rookery of international significance in Australia’s Northern Territory." Wildlife Research 43, no. 6 (2016): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16047.

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Context Following centuries of intense human exploitation, the global stocks of hawksbill turtle have decreased precipitously and the species is currently considered Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Australia supports the largest breeding aggregations worldwide; however, there are no accurate estimates of population abundance and seasonality for hawksbill turtles at important nesting grounds in eastern Arnhem Land. Aims This study was designed to fill in this lack of ecological information and assist with the conservation and management of hawksbill turtles. More specifically, our overarching goals were to assess nesting seasonality, habitat preferences and provide the first estimate of annual nesting population size at a Northern Territory rookery. Methods In 2009 and 2010 we collected beach monitoring, satellite telemetry and sand temperature data over two nesting seasons at a group of three islands located 30 km off Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia. We subsequently analysed these data to unravel hawksbill nesting behaviour and reproductive outputs, and examined the vulnerability of this rookery to climate change. Key results Hawksbill turtle nesting seasonality consistently started in mid-May, peaked in mid-August and ended in late November. Annual nesting abundance showed a near 3-fold increase between 2009 and 2010, with an average of 220 and 580 hawksbill females nesting on this island group respectively. Sand temperature at 50 cm reached more than 30°C at all monitored sites during most of the peak of the incubation period. Conclusions This remote and untouched group of islands constitutes a major hawksbill turtle rookery both nationally and globally. While anthropogenic impacts and predation are low year round, climate change threatens to skew hatchling sex ratios, eventually leading to an increase in hatchling mortality. Implications Additional ground-based surveys are required to refine the accuracy of population estimates presented in this study. Given the paucity of data in the region, we recommend this island group off Groote Eylandt be used as a population-monitoring index site for the eastern Arnhem Land hawksbill turtle breeding aggregation.

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Thomas, Hannah, Skye F. Cameron, Hamish A. Campbell, Mariana A. Micheli-Campbell, Ellie C. Kirke, Rebecca Wheatley, and Robbie S. Wilson. "Rocky escarpment versus savanna woodlands: comparing diet and body condition as indicators of habitat quality for the endangered northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus)." Wildlife Research 48, no. 5 (2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20032.

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Abstract ContextUnderstanding what constitutes high-quality habitat for threatened species is critical for conservation management planning. The endangered northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) has experienced an uneven range contraction among habitat types. Once common across multiple habitats of northern mainland Australia, declining populations have now contracted to rocky escarpments. AimThe island refuge of Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia, has not experienced the declines as seen on mainland Australia. Here, northern quolls persist in both rocky escarpment and savanna woodland, which provides a rare opportunity to investigate the habitat quality of rocky escarpments and savanna woodland for the northern quoll. MethodsNorthern quolls (n=111) were trapped in both rocky escarpment (n=61) and savanna woodland (n=50) habitats before the breeding season (May). We conducted body condition assessment, scat analysis, and measured trophic niche breadth of individuals occupying each habitat type. Key resultsFemale quolls occupying rocky escarpments exhibited a lower body condition than did quolls occupying savanna woodland. Quolls from rocky escarpments consumed a significantly higher proportion of mammals and fed within a narrower dietary niche than did those occupying savanna woodland. ConclusionsQuolls had adapted to the dietary resources available within each habitat type, suggesting that the lack of quolls in savanna woodland on the mainland is due to factors other than availability of dietary resources. ImplicationsGroote Eylandt is of critical conservation significance, where high numbers of northern quolls exist in both rocky escarpment and savanna woodland habitats. For population viability on the mainland, managing threats such as feral predators and inappropriate fire regimes in savanna woodland, particularly those surrounding rocky escarpment, should be prioritised.

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Clarke, Anne. "The ideal and the real: Cultural and personal transformations of archaeological research on Groote Eylandt, northern Australia." World Archaeology 34, no. 2 (September 2002): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0043824022000007080.

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Vaughn, Helen Susan, and Peter G. Robinson. "The oral health-related experiences, attitudes and behaviours of the carers of Aboriginal children of Groote Eylandt." International Dental Journal 53, no. 3 (June 2003): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2003.tb00737.x.

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Stauber, J. L., and T. M. Florence. "Manganese in scalp hair: problems of exogenous manganese and implications for manganese monitoring in groote eylandt aborigines." Science of The Total Environment 83, no. 1-2 (July 1989): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90007-7.

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Shulmeister, J., S. A. Short, D. M. Price, and A. S. Murray. "Pedogenic uranium/thorium and thermoluminescence chronologies and evolutionary history of a coastal dunefield, Groote Eylandt, northern Australia." Geomorphology 8, no. 1 (September 1993): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(93)90003-k.

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Clarke, Anne. "Damper and fish, tea and sugar: post-contact changes in resource use and residence on Groote Eylandt." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 79, no. 1 (2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.79.2011.093-108.

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Ward, Simon J. "Structure of a burrow of the northern hopping-mouse, Notomys aquilo, and its surface signs on Groote Eylandt." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 1 (2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13013.

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Identification of surface signs of burrows is becoming central to monitoring programs for the northern hopping-mouse. A burrow system was excavated in a sandy woodland area of Groote Eylandt to confirm it was used by northern hopping-mice, describe its structure, and relate structure to surface signs. The burrow was T-shaped, ~2 m long and wide, and connected to four vertical shafts leading to pop-hole-entrances/exits. The depth of the burrow was constrained by a rocky layer ~0.5 m below the surface. It was occupied by five hopping-mice, three of which were caught. The burrow systems dug by northern hopping-mice are more complex and extensive than those of delicate mice, Pseudomys delicatulus, and the major surface signs (spoil heaps or mounds) left by northern hopping-mice are unmarked by entrances or tracks, whereas those of delicate mice are marked by an entrance and trackways (if occupied).

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Shulmeister, James, and John Head. "Aspects of the emplacement, evolution and 14C chronology of ridges on a coastal spit, Groote Eylandt, Northern Australia." Marine Geology 111, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90194-z.

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Crocos, PJ. "Reproductive dynamics of the grooved tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus, in the north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 1 (1987): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870079.

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The reproductive cycle of female P. semisulcatus was investigated in the region north of Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria from August 1983 to March 1985. Approximately 1750 trawls were carried out over 21 monthly sampling cruises, and 13 748 females were examined. The minimum size at maturity was 29 mm carapace length (CL), and 50% of the population were mature at 39 mm CL. The proportion of females which had mated increased sharply above 34 mm CL with a maximum of 80% of females inseminated in the size range 38-54 mm CL. An index of population egg production, calculated from female abundance, the proportion of females spawning and fecundity according to size, was used as an indicator of reproductive output. Egg production was markedly seasonal, with a major spawning peak in August-September, and a minor one in February. Spawning occurred in a limited area within rhe study area. The spawning stock of P. semisulcatus is likely to be vulnerable to fishing pressure because the area and time of major spawning coincides with the major fishing effort in the region.

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Crocos, PJ. "Reproductive dynamics of the tiger prawn Penaeus esculentus, and a comparison with P. semisulcatus, in the north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 1 (1987): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870091.

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The reproductive cycle of female P. esculentus was investigated in the Groote Eylandt region of the Gulf of Carpentaria from August 1983 to March 1985. The minimum size at maturity for P. esculentus was 25 mm carapace length (CL), and 50% of the population were mature at 32 mm CL. The proportion of females which had mated increased sharply above 28 mm CL to a maximum of 80% inseminated in the size range 32-50 mm CL. An index of population egg production, calculated from female abundance, the proportion of females spawning and fecundity with size, was used as an indicator of reproductive output. Egg production tended to be spread throughout the year, but with eggs being produced most consistently in late winter and early spring. Spawning occurred in a limited area within the study area. A comparison of P. esculentus and P. semisulcatus showed that P. esculentus matures at a smaller size (50% at 32 mm CL) than P. semisulcatus (50% at 39 mm CL), fecundity is lower, spawning is nearer inshore and egg production is less strongly seasonal.

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Moriarty, DJW, and MJ O'Donohue. "Nitrogen fixation in seagrass communities during summer in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 1 (1993): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930117.

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Rates of acetylene reduction in seagrass communities in the Gulf of Carpentaria were determined in intact cores of sediment and seagrass and in slurries. Short-term incubations and three different methods were used to ensure that results could be reliably converted to rates of nitrogen fixation. At Groote Eylandt, values ranged from 16 to 47 mg N m-2 day-1 in a Syringodium isoetifolium community and from 13 to 19 mg N m-2 day-1 on a reef flat with Thalassia hernprichii. At Weipa, mean rates of nitrogen fixation were 25 mg N m-2 day-1 in an Enhalus acoroides community and 20 mg N m-2 day-1 on a mud bank below mangroves. About 5% of fixation was due to epiphytes on the seagrass leaves, and 8% of fixation associated with the Syringodium isoetifolium community occurred in washed roots and rhizomes; the remainder was due mostly to bacteria in the sediment. Nitrogen fixation supplied 8 to 16% of the nitrogen requirements of the plants.

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Blaber, SJM, DT Brewer, and AN Harris. "Distribution, biomass and community structure of demersal fishes of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 3 (1994): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940375.

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The demersal fish fauna of the Gulf of Carpentaria was surveyed during November and December 1990. Over 300 species from 85 families were caught by trawling a systematic grid of 107 stations. The absolute mean biomass was 124.8 kg ha-1 (s.e. =44.1) for day trawls and 53.7 kg ha-1 (s.e. =6.0) for night trawls. The overall mean catch rates were 421.3 kg h-1 (s.e. = 128.5) for day trawls and 198.6 kg h-1 (s.e. =21.5) for night trawls. Biomasses were twice as high in the prawn-trawling grounds of Albatross Bay, the south-eastern gulf and Groote Eylandt as they were elsewhere in the gulf. Twenty-five species made up 75% of the biomass; the dominant families were Haemulidae, Carangidae, Leiognathidae and Nemipteridae. Community-structure and distribution patterns were analysed by numerical classification techniques and principal-coordinates analysis. These indicated six main site groups and 15 fish community groups, based on fish species occurrences and biomasses. There was a relationship between fish distribution patterns and depth of water but not other abiotic factors recorded (sediment type, salinity, temperature and turbidity).

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Breed, W. R. "Taxonomic Implications of Variation in Sperm Head Morphology of the Australian Delicate Mouse, Pseudomys delicatulus." Australian Mammalogy 21, no. 2 (1999): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00193.

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The structural organisation of the sperm head of individuals included within the species Pseudomys delicatulus, and P. patrius, which has recently been separated from P. delicatulus, is detailed here. P. patrius has a sperm type with three hooks - a feature shared with most other species of Pseudomys including all three other pebble-mound mice. By contrast, P. delicatulus has a very different sperm type that lacks the three hooks and in this species two morphotypes appear to be present. One is highly variable, generally pear-shaped with a basal attachment of the sperm tail, and is present in individuals which occur on the mainland of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The other, which is present in individuals in Queensland and on West Island and Groote Eylandt off the north coast of Northern Territory, is bilaterally flattened with a single, attenuated, blunt apical hook and tail attached to the lower concave surface. These results (1) support the recent separation of P. patrius from P. delicatulus and, (2) suggest the presence of a cryptic species or subspecies within Pseudomys delicatulus as presently constituted.

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Ward, T. M. "Factors affecting the catch rates and relative abundance of sea snakes in the by-catch of trawlers targeting tiger and endeavour prawns on the northern Australian continental shelf." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98134.

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A total of 4378 sea snakes (14 species; 5 unidentified specimens) were collected from 21 082 h of sampling effort by trawlers of the Northern Prawn Fishery. Most species (12) were collected from the southern Gulf of Carpentaria. Hydrophis elegans and Disteira major were caught frequently in all areas. The catch rates of H. elegans and Lapemis hardwickii were highest in the eastern gulf and in depths of 31–40 and <20 m respectively. Hydrophis elegans represented >27% of specimens from most areas. Other species that represented ≥20% of specimens from one or more areas were: L. hardwickii, H. ornatus, D. major and Aipysurus eydouxii. Catch rates of all species of snakes combined did not differ significantly between 1984–86 and 1989–90, and were moderately high around Groote Eylandt where the fishery is centred. Most by-catch species occur in areas that are not subjected to extensive trawling, and there are no data to suggest that this fishery seriously threatens any population of sea snake. However, sea snakes may be more vulnerable to trawler-induced effects than most other by-catch species, and formal assessment of the status of populations is needed.

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Kenyon, R. A., C. A. Conacher, and I. R. Poiner. "Seasonal growth and reproduction of Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle in a shallow bay in the western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 4 (1997): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96106.

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Seasonal growth of Enhalus acoroides, a tropical seagrass, was measured at Groote Eylandt (14˚S,136˚30′E) by the hole-punch method. Over the one-year study period, only the three youngest leaves of each shoot grew faster than 10 mm leaf-1 day-1 . The second-youngest leaf grew the fastest, with peak growth in January when water temperature was highest (33˚C). As a proportion of total leaf length, the youngest leaf grew fastest (3·5% day-1 ). Leaf growth was highest (13·0–17·0 mm leaf -1 day -1 ) from September to March, when the water temperature exceeded 30˚C, but significantly less (about 6 mm leaf -1 day -1 ) in June and July, when water temperatures were 23–24˚C. Leaf growth was positively correlated with water temperature and mean minimum water depth. Leaves were longest in November and shortest in July and August. Leaf length was positively correlated with water temperature, and leaves were longest when their growth rate was high. The production of new shoots was greatest during September–November, as water temperature increased. Shoots decayed and flowers were produced throughout the year.

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Hoenner, Xavier, Scott D. Whiting, Mark Hamann, Colin J. Limpus, Mark A. Hindell, and Clive R. McMahon. "High-resolution movements of critically endangered hawksbill turtles help elucidate conservation requirements in northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 8 (2016): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15013.

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Despite being critically endangered, the at-sea behaviour of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) remains insufficiently understood to support a global conservation strategy. Habitat location and spatial use are poorly documented, which is particularly true for the globally important Australian hawksbill population. We equipped 10 adult female hawksbill turtles nesting on Groote Eylandt, northern Australia, with Fastloc GPS and Argos satellite transmitters. We quantified fine-scale habitat use and area-restricted search behaviour, and located potential feeding and developmental habitats by simulating hatchling turtle dispersal patterns by using a particle-tracking hydrological model. During the breeding season, females mostly remained near their nesting site. Post-breeding, all turtles migrated to foraging sites on the Australian continental shelf, primarily in the Gulf of Carpentaria in coastal seagrass pastures, but also offshore near coral-reef platforms. The distribution of adult foraging grounds was similar to simulated dispersal patterns of hatchling turtles from distant rookeries, thus highlighting the ecological significance of the Gulf of Carpentaria for hawksbill turtles. Although this hawksbill turtle population is likely to be endemic to Australian waters, national and international conservation initiatives are required to mitigate sources of anthropogenic mortality (e.g. illegal tortoise-shell trade, incidental captures in fishing gear, marine debris, seabed mining exploitation).

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May, Sally K., Jennifer F. McKinnon, and Jason T. Raupp. "Boats on Bark: an Analysis of Groote Eylandt Aboriginal Bark-Paintings featuring MacassanPraus from the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition, Northern Territory, Australia." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 38, no. 2 (September 2009): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00230.x.

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Brewer, D. T., S. J. M. Blaber, J. P. Salini, and M. J. Farmer. "Feeding Ecology of Predatory Fishes from Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, with Special Reference to Predation on Penaeid Prawns." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 40, no. 5 (May 1995): 577–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0039.

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Heiniger, Jaime, and Graeme Gillespie. "High variation in camera trap-model sensitivity for surveying mammal species in northern Australia." Wildlife Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18078.

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Context The use of camera traps as a wildlife survey tool has rapidly increased, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the technology is imperative to assess the degree to which research objectives are met. Aims We evaluated the differences in performance among three Reconyx camera-trap models, namely, a custom-modified high-sensitivity PC850, and unmodified PC850 and HC550. Methods We undertook a controlled field trial to compare the performance of the three models on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, by observing the ability of each model to detect the removal of a bait by native mammals. We compared variation in detecting the known event, trigger numbers, proportion of false triggers and the difference in detection probability of small to medium-sized mammals. Key results The high-sensitivity PC850 model detected bait take 75% of the time, as opposed to 33.3% and 20% for the respective unmodified models. The high-sensitivity model also increased the detection probability of the smallest mammal species from 0.09 to 0.34. However, there was no significant difference in detection probability for medium-sized mammals. Conclusions Despite the three Reconyx camera models having similar manufacturer-listed specifications, they varied substantially in their performance. The high-sensitivity model vastly improved the detection of known events and the detection probability of small mammals in northern Australia. Implications Failure to consider variation in camera-trap performance can lead to inaccurate conclusions when multiple camera models are used. Consequently, researchers should carefully consider the parameters and capabilities of camera models in study designs. Camera models and their configurations should be reported in methods, and variation in detection probabilities among different models and configurations should be incorporated into analyses.

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Carr, Jennifer J., Joyce Lalara, Gayangwa Lalara, Moira Smith, Jennifer Quaill, Alan R. Clough, Anne Lowell, and Ruth N. Barker. "What is the best way to keep walking and moving around for individuals with Machado-Joseph disease? A scoping review through the lens of Aboriginal families with Machado-Joseph disease in the Top End of Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e032092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032092.

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ObjectivesMachado-Joseph disease (MJD) is the most common spinocerebellar ataxia worldwide. Prevalence is highest in affected remote Aboriginal communities of the Top End of Australia. Aboriginal families with MJD from Groote Eylandt believe ‘staying strong on the inside and outside’ works best to keep them walking and moving around, in accordance with six key domains that form the ‘Staying Strong’ Framework. The aim of this current study was to review the literature to: (1) map the range of interventions/strategies that have been explored to promote walking and moving around (functional mobility) for individuals with MJD and; (2) align these interventions to the ‘Staying Strong’ Framework described by Aboriginal families with MJD.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted in July 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane Databases.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed studies that (1) included adolescents/adults with MJD, (2) explored the effects of any intervention on mobility and (3) included a measure of mobility, function and/or ataxia were included in the review.ResultsThirty studies were included. Few studies involved participants with MJD alone (12/30). Most studies explored interventions that aligned with two ‘Staying Strong’ Framework domains, ‘exercising your body’ (n=13) and ‘searching for good medicine’ (n=17). Few studies aligned with the domains having ‘something important to do’ (n=2) or ‘keeping yourself happy’ (n=2). No studies aligned with the domains ‘going country’ or ‘families helping each other’.ConclusionsEvidence for interventions to promote mobility that align with the ‘Staying Strong’ Framework were focused on staying strong on the outside (physically) with little reflection on staying strong on the inside (emotionally, mentally and spiritually). Findings suggest future research is required to investigate the benefits of lifestyle activity programmes that address both physical and psychosocial well-being for families with MJD.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Groote Eylandt'

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