Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gröna'
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Bodewall, Elin, and Hanna Brandström. "Gröna lån : Kommunal trovärdighet i gröna investeringar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65617.
Full textFranzon, Annie, and Louise Sonehag. "Gröna aktiviteter : Att marknadsföra gröna argument i fastighetsbranschen." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17094.
Full textThe study intends to increase the understanding of and to analyze how real-estate companies market green arguments and how they perceive that stakeholders respond to these. The paper studied the following research questions: * What strategies are used by real-estate companies within green business? * How do real-estate companies communicate green business through green marketing? * How do the real estate companies perceive that stakeholders respond to their green marketing pitch?
Alibrahim, Siwar, and Ahmad Kendakji. "Gröna taks potential - Fastighetsföretagares inställning till gröna tak." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20234.
Full textThe purpose of the study is to investigate property owners' attitude to green roofs and its potential to reduce the risk of floods in the event of a downpour. The rational method was used to calculate stormwater flow and answer whether vegetation roofs can reduce runoff from the roof. A survey with multiple-choice questions was conducted to examine property owners' attitudes towards vegetation roofs and what the main reasons for not choosing green roofs. Data collection was done with the help of literature, questionnaire, and interview study.The study compares stormwater flows of extensive and semi-intensive green roofs with traditional roofs. The stormwater calculations showed that green roofs reduce runoff from the roofs in comparison with traditional cardboard roofs. The root causes that property owners have for not choosing green roofs were identified as; "green roofs require special knowledge in construction technology", "green roofs can cause damage", "green roofs increase design and construction costs" and "green roofs can cause technical difficulties". The survey showed that property owners have a positive attitude towards vegetation roofs but that
Hägvall, Kristoffer, and Martin Järn. "Grön uppvärmning av gröna hus : Hållbara uppvärmningsalternativ för växthusföretaget Svegro." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149279.
Full textWhile the oil price continues to increase, one of Sweden’s largest indoor growing companies Svegro has decided to replace their existing heating system. Svegro is a large green house with an area of approximately 50 000 m2 and is located at Thorslunda gård, Färingsö.The heating system today uses mineral oil and the heat from assimilation lamps. The new system will be using an alternative combustion fuel to the expensive mineral oil. This will make it possible for Svegro to lower their energy costs and reduce their environmental effect by lowering the emissions of carbon oxide.The requirements are that the new heating system should be able to be integrated with the already existing system and at the same time live up to today´s ecological requirements. The goal of replacing the heating system is to reduce the energy costs but also to manage future demands and environmental ambitions. In order to define some limitations for the reports we have chosen three different combustion options where all alternatives fit with the present heating distribution. The combustion options are biological oil, wood pellets and wood chips. To determine the best option a comparison between the different fuels has been done considering factors such as investment costs, environmental impact and fuel efficiency.Based on the analyzed results we suggest that wood pellets will be the most suitable fuel for Svegros facility and heating system. According to the lifecycle cost the new system will have paid off itself after 1,5 years. The savings made each year from changing fuel will be approximately 5,5 million SEK per year compared if the oil still was used. The new fuel will in addition to the financial savings also reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by 2300 tons per year.The consequence of choosing wood pellets as combustion fuel is that you have to combine the pellet burning with biofuel combustion. The combination will make it possible for the plants to survive extremely cold weather conditions during the winter.
Carlberg, Adam, and Sara Josefine Grahn. "Gröna anbud." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23271.
Full textThe construction and real estate sector accounts for about one fifth of Sweden's domestice missions of carbon dioxide equivalents. In order to change this, the government has planned legislation, which means that builders must climate declare. The law comes into force in 2022. Wästbygg is a construction and project development company operating in this sector. They aim to have a net-zero of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. The purpose of the thesis is to provide Wästbygg with a proposal for working methods when developing green side tenders. The method used by the authors was a literature study, interviews with clients, construction contractors and subcontractors as well as a case study of an ongoing project. The interviews were conducted according to a qualitative semi-curated method. In the interviews, a willingness was expressed by all interview participants to drive the work on climate declarations forward, and a curiosity in alternative solutions and tenders with environmental focus to achieve both the companies' internal climate goals and Sweden's overall climate goals. To achieve these goals, the respondents agreed that carbon dioxide calculations are a necessary step. The casestudy shows that different types of concrete have different climatic impacts, but that the generic data found in Bidcon's climate module is a good guideline for the carbon dioxide equivalent impact of building components. In order to offer alternative solutions to the customers, the company needs to offer something concrete like a climate declaration at the end of the production stage. The experiences of both the interviewed clients, subcontractors and the authors are that there is a further interest in working with green side tenders. The result of this thesis was that systematically, Wästbygg should provide a benchmark value to clients, based on the generic data found in Bidcon's climate module. As well as with this information, make a promise on climate declaration when the project is ready. This method eliminates unnecessary time spend on assumptions in the tender phase. In this way, you can supplement the actual impact of building components during the project and build a reference database for more accurate bids in the future for other projects.
Hammarström, Fanny, and Jonas Erlandsson. "Gröna granulat." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33347.
Full textLindqvist, Cecilia. "Nyanser av grönt : - en diskursanalys av den gröna platsmarknadsföringens många ansikten." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-55331.
Full textBjörnegran, Amalia. "Green Forum : Aktiva Gröna partier och grönt politiskt inflytande i Afrika." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27982.
Full textHögberg, Anton, and Jens Bengtsson. "Marknaden för Gröna fastigheter : Hur marknaden för Gröna fastigheter expanderar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energivetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31286.
Full textThe World ́s environmental problems have been more widely known and investments in the environment are increasing. A major cause of the environmental problems is the real estate market. The real estate market is about to change. Environmental certifications are beginning to be established on the market and the demand on environmental certifications is starting to grow among the population. The purpose of this report is to describe the market for Green buildings and explain the financial incentives that exist for real estate companies to build and own Green buildings. In this study Green buildings is defined as all commercial buildings that are environmentally certified in accordance with LEED, BREEAM, Green Building and the EU GreenBuilding. The report is based on empirical evidence from several relevant people in the real estate industry. Empirical evidence has been gathered to create a picture of how the market is created. The report will also investigate whether there may be financial incentives for building and owning Green buildings. The content of this report has led to the conclusion that the market for Green buildings has expanded significantly over the past five years and continues to expand. The report has also made the conclusion that it may exist financial incentives for real estate companies to build and own Green buildings.
REIFELDT, CORNELIA. "Gröna obligationer: ettaktörsperspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232444.
Full textSchunnesson, Flores da Cunha Luiza. "Konsumentens gröna livsmedelskompass." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20968.
Full textStudien syftade till ökad förståelse för hur förpackningsdesign, varumärken och certifieringar vägleder svenska konsumenter när de väljer ekologiska och miljövänliga livsmedel. Vidare undersöktes hur varumärken skulle kunna använda förpackningsdesign och certifierings-strategier för att marknadsföra sina livsmedel som ekologiska. Genom att använda såväl kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder i form av webbundersökning och två semistrukturerade intervjuer, gavs ett tvåsidigt perspektiv i ämnet. Webbundersökningen samlade in svar från 100 svenska respondenter under en två veckors period. Genom att därefter jämföra förpackningens design hos varumärken med hel-ekologiskt sortiment och varumärken med ekologiska alternativ, visade det sig att de senare oftare använde typiska ekologiska designelement på förpackningsdesignen. Från webbundersökningen upptäcktes det att konsumenter efterfrågade olika saker när det gällde att få information jämfört med vad som var viktigt vid val gällande ekologiska livsmedel. Både certifieringar och ordet ekologiskt på förpackningen var högst rankat som faktorer över vad som viktigt för konsumenterna. På denna lista placerades varumärket kort därefter. Liknande resultat gavs för vilken information som var viktigast, dock kom både ursprungsland och innehållsförteckning före varumärke. Trots rankingen så tycks fortfarande förpackningsdesign, certifieringsstrategi och varumärket vara av högsta relevans för svenska konsumenter vid köp av ekologiska livsmedel.
Mattsson, Sanna. "Förskolan Gröna Villan." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188137.
Full textProject based in Vasalund, close to Solna i north surburb of Stockholm. My project was a kindergarten in an area with villas from 1920's with beautiful old gardens and fragments from classism and charataristisc colours and elements. Kindergarten Green House is well adapted both for its content and surroundings in scale and charactar. Its green colour, the steep roof and the rounded windows are examples of how the new building fits its area. The interiors is characterized by simlicity, beautiful materialial as birch and limestone and rooms in a scale and logic that is adapted and understandable for children. The shared spaces as studios and workshop in located in the center surrounded by the three departents. The garden around Green House is an important complement for the interior rooms, the garden have space for pedagogic learning about nature, playing and have food outside in all kind of the swedish weather.
Ek, Clara, and Hjelm Lisa. "Den gröna staden." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14418.
Full textKrog, Kezia, and Emil Haglund. "Den gröna obligationens premie : En studie om den gröna svenska obligationsmarknaden." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26533.
Full textSustainability is in focus and sustainable investments are a prerequisite for the progress of global sustainability work. Green bonds are an example of a sustainable investment alternative and is today a sought-after product by investors. The bond market is used by companies as an alternative to financing projects through bank loans. Organizations and investors meet for the purpose of exchanging money for interest-bearing securities, where the investor receives interest payments for his lent capital. In 2008, the world's first green bond was issued and the development in the number of issued green bonds since then has been extraordinary. Like conventional bonds, green bonds are an interest-bearing security, with the difference that the issued capital for green bonds is intended to be used to reduce the environmental and climate impact. Through an investment in green bonds, the investor participates in and finances green projects and contributes to a more sustainable development. Previous research has led to varying conclusions where the majority suggest that there is a premium associated with green bonds. Many of the previous researches have studied the bond market on a global level. This study intends to examine the premium relationship in the Swedish bond market and conclude whether or not Swedish companies issue green bonds at a lower return. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate whether there are differences in spreads between green bonds and conventional bonds in the Swedish bond market. This relationship is investigated through a quantitative study based on an deductive approach. The study uses a matching method to study the phenomenon of a premium for green bonds. The spreads of green and conventional bonds are compared within the companies and the results are summarized in an overall market analysis. The first conclusion drawn from this study is that there is no statistically significant difference between the spread of green and conventional bonds, seen across the entire Swedish bond market. This indicates that green bonds are not issued with a lower return than comparable conventional bonds. The second conclusion drawn from this study is that green bonds in the Swedish bond market are not issued with any premium. The study shows that green bonds are as profitable as conventional bonds from the same company, and also lead to a more diversified portfolio. This paper is written in Swedish.
Lindgren, Jessica. "Extern granskning av gröna obligationer : Huruvida regulatoriska förändringar vad gäller betygsättning av gröna obligationer kan gynna marknaden för gröna obligationer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175188.
Full textThrough the management of financial resources, green bonds have received an important role in the development towards an environmentally sustainable society. External review of green bonds is today subject to voluntary market standards, of which GBP is the most common. In addition, the EU has recently presented its own voluntary standard, which includes supervision. Better access to climate-related information and clear and harmonised definitions of green activities are prerequisites for investors to move capital more efficiently to environmentally sustainable businesses to support the transition to a less fossil-based economy. With this paper it is shown that the current rating, despite different assessment methods, should be relatively reliable, but that there is room to wish for higher comparability and thus increased investor confidence. Clearer market standards can be an important aspect in increasing the reliability of ratings as the market for green bonds expands. The analysis shows that legislation that leads to an increased number of published reviews through green ratings should promote transparency, while the risk of rumors in the event of conflicts of interest should imply reluctance to make incorrect assessments. At the same time, excessive regulation may limit the opportunities for innovation, development and expansion of the market as a whole. Thus, it should be in the interest of the legislator not to introduce a regulation which is too strict, as the risk of not being able to achieve the desired financing of the climate goals then arises. As green bonds are an international phenomenon, all countries need to work together towards common standards in order to achieve the purpose of the climate goals. In the event that mandatory regulation is to be introduced, it should at least be at EU level. For market balance between the market participants as well as comparability between the bonds, it is important that the regulation is not perceived as unclear. In addition, regulation must be general and flexible enough to meet technological developments and new market conditions without the process becoming too lengthy. As long as the goal is to have a European capital market where market participants can provide financial services nationwide, financial supervision that does not stop at national borders is required. In the long run, ESMA should be the most appropriate authority to oversee all examiners of green bonds operating in the European market. This requires increased regulation that gives ESMA increased authority, as well as increased resources in order to be able to carry out the supervisory work effectively.
Henningsson, Gustav, and Cassandra Larsson. "Gröna tak i Karlstad : Potentialen och effekterna av att implementera gröna tak." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68826.
Full textThe world population is gradually increasing which requires that more habitations are built and natural green spaces are being replaced and needs to be restored. Urbanizations in cities contribute to environmental problems and climate changes with fatal changes like extreme weathers, higher water-standing and flooding. The high value of greenhouse gas, from the human’s impact by using carbon dioxide, results in such high values of gas that the vegetation can’t absorb and the air quality deteriorates. The environmental problems also result in loss of species and habitats which consumes the natural ecosystem that is the foundation of the human well-being and survival. The study comprises in how green roofs can preclude the risks of flooding and contribute to a more sustainable usage of surface water in the central areas of Karlstad and which other surplus values green roofs can add to the economical-, ecological- and social development. The study was aimed to investigate the benefits of green roofs in Karlstad, where the calculations was performed on the surface water use, Tingvallastadens ability to buffer against flooding, the profit investment and the potential capacity for greens roofs to absorb air pollution. The defined benefits of green roofs were reduction of noise, decreasing cost of maintenance, improved health both mentally and physically, lower temperatures and where the roofs also can be used as isolation. From the calculations it appeared that green roofs can conduce to a lowered flooding risk and also help to absorb insanitary particles in the air. The conclusion of the project and the presented literature is that green roofs can provide good possibilities to Karlstad in a social- and ecological matter. The benefits, that is promoting the ecosystem and biodiversity, the surface water use, noise reduction and improving the wellbeing, have not been able to evaluate like the economical investment, which result in that the economical profitable investment may have a bigger impact than the results indicates for Karlstad. Green roofs have a potential to reduce the risks of flooding for all the recurrence intervals. If consideration to the cultural heritage is taken to Karlstad it’s only possible to reduce the flooding caused by a rainfall for 10 years. On that ground it’s hard to motivate an investment in green roofs from a flooding perspective if it is not combined with other arrangements that contributes to a sustainable surface water use.
Blomqvist, Ida, and Anna-Karin Wallinder. "Gröna Obligationer : En studie om investerares motiv till att köpa gröna obligationer." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78590.
Full textBakgrund: År 2007 emitterade Världsbanken den första gröna obligationen i världen tillsammans med SEB. Den första gröna företagsobligationen emitterades av Vasakronan år 2013 och därefter har marknaden expanderat. Gröna obligationer har samma finansiella egenskaper som traditionella obligationer, dock ligger skillnaden i att obligationslikviden från gröna obligationer ska finansiera miljö- eller klimatvänliga projekt. De gröna obligationerna ska uppmuntra investerare och emittenter att genomföra hållbara investeringar eller projekt. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att beskriva och förklara investerares motiv och drivkrafter till att köpa gröna obligationer. Genomförande: Uppsatsen baseras på en kvalitativ metod och åtta intervjuer har genomförts. De intervjuade personerna representerar investerare. För att belysa gröna obligationers och marknadens karaktärsdrag har en litteraturstudie utformats. Slutsats: Framträdande motiv och drivkrafter för samtliga investerare är efterfrågan från kunder, möjligheten att visa upp en hållbar profil och att gröna obligationer har ofta samma finansiella egenskaper som traditionella obligationer.
Björnberg, Maja, and Nicole Krystek. "Gröna tak – en nulägesanalays." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35158.
Full textHakkarainen, Malin, and Sandra Södersten. "Gröna hyresavtal : Hyresgästens perspektiv." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28633.
Full textvon, Martens David. "Grundskolan Fem Gröna Floder." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189044.
Full textThis bachelor project is an architecture design project of an elementary school for 700 students. The site location is in a park, Fornuddsparken, in Tyresö south of Stockholm in Sweden.The aim for the project was to explore how a school building of this size can be designed with a special focus on the relations between architecture, pedagogy and both indoor and outdoor physical movement. The elementary school with numbers: - Five green rivers to connect the park with the interior of the school, establish a structure that can be used for obstacle courses, improve the indoor acoustics, create a more diverse environment and for a more healthy air inside the building. - Six embracing, folded slabs to give stability to the form, a structure for easier orientation on the site and to structurally connect the inside street corridors with the outside schoolyard. - Ten blocks with more private and safe base rooms with views at the park, the more crowded street corridors between the blocks and views at more serene sceneries outside the school area. - More than one hundred pillars combined with bearing massive wood elements and wood stud walls. The design is based on three main concepts: - The idea that students and teachers should be inspired to more indoor and outdoor physical movements. - The priority in the design process should be the organization of the interior spaces not the form itself; an inside to outside approach in forming the building. - The aim to integrate the outside park and schoolyard with the inside of the building. The working method has been based on a systematic process with a reciprocal action and iteration of sub processes like: Study visits to schools, reading sessions about teaching and school architecture, studies of the program for the school with space organization diagrams, developing ideas and concepts with collages, sketches and writing, the main design process using tools like sketching, CAD-drawings, paper and wood models and digital 3D-models, discussions and critical analysis of the created drawings with the aid of tutors, students and other advisors.
Ludvig, Ohlström, and Gunnarsson Joakim. "Extensiva gröna tak : En byggteknisk studie om takgenomföringar och de gröna takens problematik." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355855.
Full textNäslund, Johanna. "Gröna tak för hållbar utveckling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105385.
Full textThere are many factors that determine the choice of roof in different situations today. The biggest issue that occurs is usually about the cost. In interviews and studies has a compilation been made and describes the selection of roof at the new bath house in Umea, in the three dimensions of sustainability. The extensive green roof is noise reducing, improves air quality in densely populated and crowded cities. The green roof also has an ability to absorb about 50% of the annual rainfall. Which make the green roof more sustainable from an environmental perspective. The green roof also has a significantly longer life span than the felted roof, probably at least twice the age. The felted roof has an economic advantage in terms of investment over a period of 30 years. It is, however, not as long lasting as a green roof. By calculating a net present value, the net present value method count, it turns out that a felted roof is not cheaper than a green roof for an extended period of 60 years. The conclusion is that both the green roofs and the felted roofs have their pros and cons. The green roof is much more beneficial than the felted roof because of the ecological and social sustainability perspective. The results of cost-effectiveness are calculated on a longer perspective on 60 years and a shorter period of 30 years. Surveys show that the green roof is more sustainable in the longer term while the felted roof shows a lower cost on a shorter period. Which are the biggest reasons why the clients often choose the felted roof before green roof.
Nordlöf, Kristin. "Gröna tak i urbana områden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18601.
Full textMardan, Zaid, and Bessam Al-Kamisi. "Gröna Tak - Finns det fuktrisker?" Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192067.
Full textBergvall, Olof, and Linnéa Hämquist. "Gröna obligationer : Trender inom fastighetfinansiering." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259648.
Full textThe Capital Market for Real Estate is ever changing. Companies continuously try to find new ways to obtain financing and for the past years the trend has been for companies to go to the capital market and finance their projects with bonds. Furthermore, the climate-question has been intensified lately and companies are taking more responsibility when it comes to working towards a sustainable future. In view of this, this research paper aims to examine financing trends on the Swedish Real Estate Market with special focus on green bonds.The benefits that real estate companies can enjoy from being more environmentally sustainable are many, but the main benefits are that more sustainable buildings often result in lower operating and maintenance costs which in turn has a positive effect on the net operating income. Furthermore, companies that issue green bonds can enjoy a lower interest rate compared to those issuing regular bonds. Issuing a green bond also allows the company to communicate their sustainability work in a more natural way which in turn gives the company some good-will. Though some companies worry that there are other firms out there trying to capitalise on this green trend thus taking advantage of the work of others and attracting investors for the wrong reasons.The research has been conducted by interviewing representatives from five large Swedish real estate companies in addition to Svensk Fastighetsfinansiering, a bond issuer co-owned by five real estate companies, one which we have interviewed. Moreover, we have collected historical data of 26 Swedish real estate companies aggregated capital structure since 2012.
Nelin, Nicole, and Susanne Roth. "Ökad kunskap om gröna tak." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20541.
Full textThe purpose of this essay is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of green roofs. We also investigate which factors that are the most important when choosing between green roofs and other roofing materials. That is why we found it interesting to compare green roofs to felted roofs. To see what the differences are between these roofing materials both from a costefficiency and a stormwater management perspective. We wanted to see if green roofs are more cost-effective to use in long term since felted roofs are cheaper but only has a lifespan about half as long as the green roofs. Considering this along with the advantages anddisadvantages of the different roofing materials it is clear that extensive green roofs hascomparable material and assembly costs to felted roofs in a 40-year period. The differencesbetween green roofs and felted roofs in stormwater management was examined by calculating if the waterflow in a given area can be reduced if green roofs were to replace all the roofs. These calculations showed that the stormwater flow from the roofs would lessen significantly when replaced. Calculations for how long it can rain before green roofs are water-saturated showed that with a consistent rain with a predefined intensity it would take several hours for green roofs to reach water-saturation.To investigate which advantages and disadvantages that are the most important to the Swedish building industry when choosing between green roofs and other roofing materials, aquestionnaire with multiple-answer questions was drawn up. The results showed that thegreater costs of green roofs and shortage of knowledge is the first and second most common reasons why the industry refrains from them. The most common reasons to choose green roofs was its ability to reduce and delay the stormwater flow and its esthetical value.
Broström, Viktor, and Elena Martinez. "Grönt värdeskapande : En kvalitativ studie om att skapa och förmedla gröna värden inom e-handeln." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46196.
Full textCarlsson, Frida. "Gröna taks nyttor och värde : En fallstudie av gröna taks nyttor och värde i Örebro." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84384.
Full textOur cities continue to be exploited and the demand for increased housing means that several of our green space areas are being replaced by hard surfaces. These surfaces directly contribute to climate change and environmental problems, such as reduced air quality, noise, increased water levels and a warmer climate. Environmental problems also affect biodiversity and affect human well-being and long-term survival. The report contains a study of what the green structure in Örebro municipality looks like and what value and what building technical, ecological, economic and social properties and effects there are of constructing more green roofs. To determine this a literature study was conducted to find out how the green structure is planned in Örebro municipality. A literature study was also conducted to find out what benefits and values there are with green roofs from an economic, ecological and social perspective in Örebro municipality. In order to be able to more clearly report the value of green roofs in comparison with conventional roofs, a case study was performed with calculations in the area of Södra Ladugårdsängen, where two different cases with different proportions of green roofs were calculated and compared. The studies show that Örebro municipality has an informative and broad planning for the green structure and that the socio-economic value of green roofs in Södra Ladugårdsängen is very high. The conclusion of these studies is that there is good potential for constructing green roofs in Örebro municipality with several benefits as a result, however, the financial investment it requires is an important obstacle. The green strategy in Örebro encourages this type of solution, but there is room for improvement and perhaps a greater coercion or incentive should be introduced to achieve the goals the municipality strives for.
Bolvin, Tomas. "Den gröna grindstaden : En studie om den nya gröna och hållbara stadsdelen Jakobsberg i Karlstad." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85490.
Full textBrandt, Marina, and Angelica Peiqi Wang. "På jakt efter EU:s gröna obligationer : Fastighetsföretagens övergång från principerna för gröna obligationer till EU:s taxonomi." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297590.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the EU taxonomy’s impact on green bonds issued by Swedish real estate companies. Our research found that most of the issuers’ green bond frameworks will be affected by the EU Taxonomy, since market participants would aim to become more taxonomy-compliant in order to meet the market’s demand. There is also a new trend showing real estate companies having a transition towards new categories of sustainable financing, which would allow them to expand their portfolios to comply with market development. Real estate companies will continue working with building certifications despite the lack of such requirements in the EU Taxonomy. There is an expectation that the Taxonomy’s criteria will be expanded with regards to the construction materials and the production process. Moreover, there are also expectations of the taxonomy adopting a common standard for EU countries when it comes to classification of green buildings. It is of particular importance for the Swedish real estate industry to take into consideration the sustainability aspects of both the production process and the facility management. The EU taxonomy could possibly become an obstacle to the climate work of Swedish real estate companies, on the ground that the taxonomy focuses on the energy performance of buildings rather than the environmental impacts.
Amsso, Laila Hanna, Jad Merhebi, and Kristian Kocevski. "Hur gröna är gröna initiativ, egentligen? : En studie om den hållbarhetsrelaterade marknadsföringens inverkan på kritiska antikonsumenter." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26621.
Full textMany companies are starting to become engaged in environmentally related questions due to the severe climate crisis today, and the pandemic has in fact contributed to this awakening. This is something that is quite remarkable in the marketing campaigns of companies. At the same time, the anti-consumption movement is growing steadily and we are starting to see a broader interest in eco-friendly initiatives all around the world. The purpose of this study grew from the interest of both of these issues simultaneously. This led us to discover a gap in this field where we’ve noticed that previous studies have focused mainly on understanding why individuals choose to withstand consumption, whereas a focus on how anticonsumers interpret marketing, is missing. The purpose of this qualitative study is to shed light on anti-consumption and gain a deeper understanding of anticonsumers’ perception of, and association to, different marketing strategies. In this study we used attribution theory as a guide for our analysis of the result. In addition to that, we have used a content analysis method to analyse the transcriptions of the semistructured interviews we held with anticonsumers. The result of this study shows that anticonsumers are overall sceptical of all different marketing initiatives. Anticonsumers attribute motives to companies' marketing and, broadly speaking, they associate greenwashing to green initiatives. On the other hand, they are more positively inclined towards green demarketing. Six different key categories have been identified and seem to have a broad significance for how marketing is interpreted. These categories are – “Quality – more important than advertisements”, “Marketing creates unnecessary needs”, “Reference groups are stronger than marketing”, “Transparency – fundamental in marketing”, “Skepticism within CSR-initiatives” and “Circular marketing is appreciated”. This essay is written in swedish.
Laakkonen, Emma. "Gröna generationsskiften : Särskilt om dolt samägande." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13936.
Full textWallström, Emelie, and Daniel Swidén. "Vad hände med beslutet Gröna Skolgårdar?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23338.
Full textDiaz, Jernberg Jenny, and Sanna Ytterfors. "Olika branschers förhållningssätt till Gröna Hyresavtal." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-89786.
Full textBjörck, Anton, and Philip Olsson. "En hållbar framtid med Gröna Byggnader." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124133.
Full textThe Swedish property market has in recent years been able to notice an increasing focus on the environment from its actors. The environmental debate in Sweden has quickly taken hold and more and more companies understand the value of focusing on such issues. ! That trend continues to move forward is important as real estate and its associated buildings account for almost one third of global greenhouse gas emissions and only the construction and operation accounts for about forty percent of the global consumption of raw materials and energy. Prioritization of environmental issues is thus important for property management and new construction. Previous research shows that there are a variety of incentives to build and manage green, also tenants have an incentive to rent green space. As shown in international studies, it is not always required great measures to achieve good results in terms of properties' energy consumption and durability over time. Despite this, the market is tough in Sweden and there are not many studies that show what the players on the Swedish market really thinks about green buildings, or if any actions has already been made to develop the property portfolio of green buildings. The purpose of this paper is to give the reader a picture of how the real estate sector reason about environmental buildings and what they believe the role of the government to be in this development. In our work, we use both primary and secondary data. Primary data we have gained through interviews with industry-related companies, while secondary data was obtained from literature, articles and scientific publications.
Wennerhom, Elin. "Gröna hyresavtal och miljöklassning av byggnader." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-218096.
Full textLandgärds, Karolina, and Hanna Lövgren. "Beslutsprocessen vid investering av gröna obligationer." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297657.
Full textWith an increasing focus on climate impact in society, the market for green bonds has over the past decade become an attractive platform for investors to redirect their funds towards. Studies in the subject also show that the financial market plays a crucial role in achieving the climate goals in the Paris Agreement and that green bonds are an important tool. The market for green bonds, on the other hand, is still unclear in terms of definitions and classifications, which increases the complexity of investment decisions. The study therefore aims to clarify investors' decision-making process for green investments and shed light on what is crucial for investment decisions in a market under constant development. The work is carried out with a qualitative method with a literature study and semi-structured interviews with actors involved in investment decisions on the green bond market. The results show that the green labelling on a bond is not decisive for investors, but that financial factors such as returns weigh more heavily. Therefore, the decision-making process regarding green investments differs from conventional ones, mainly as it has an increased complexity and contains qualitative factors to a greater extent. Investors continue to have a strong interest in sustainable financing and are prepared for the resources required in complex investment decisions but prefer sustainability work in a wider aspect rather than specifically green bonds.
Pettersson, Tove. "Sköna, gröna och eko-logiska pensionärer." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21354.
Full textConventional food has a major environmental impact, which has caused more and more consumers to choose organic food. This is a thoroughly researched field. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding whether senior citizens choose to buy organic food or not. The aim of the present study has been to examine the consumption of organic food among senior Swedish citizens. The study was conducted through surveys and semi-structured qualitative interviews. The results suggest that senior consumers have the same motives as younger consumers. They are also hindered by the same reasons as their younger counterparts. The only difference between the two groups is that senior citizen´s gender and family structure influence their organic food consumption less.
Averland, Amanda, and Nicklas Bredberg. "Gröna obligationer på den skandinaviska marknaden : Sambandet mellan obligationers gröna egenskaper och dess yield, likviditet och volatilitet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34144.
Full textWith financial attributes similar to conventional bonds, green bonds play an important role in the fight against climate change. Even though the green bond market has seen a rapid growth since 2008, the relationship between the bond's greenness and its yield has not been studied to a great extent. In this study, we use a set of data from Eikon and regression analysis to examine how the green traits of a bond affects its yield, liquidity and volatility on the Scandinavian market. We match 62 green and conventional bonds into 31 bond pairs and show that the yield of green bonds are -42,7 basis points lower than its conventional counterparts. Our study also indicates that green bonds are slightly more liquid (0,01 basis points) and more volatile (0,30 basis points) but these results are not significant. Since the research in this field is in its initial phase, this study may serve as a foundation for future research. If the market for green bonds proceeds to grow in Scandinavia, our study could be replicated to see if the results may be more significant as the sample size increases.
Palin, Lessmar Ida. "Gröna hyresavtal : Utredning om vad som bör regleras i standardmallen." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48735.
Full textOhlsson, Richard, and Johan Holck. "Bygga grönt? : En studie om vilka faktorer som har inverkan på fastighetsägare vid uppförande av gröna byggnader." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33053.
Full textNilsson, Linda. "Värmeflöden genom gröna tak i subarktiskt klimat : En studie av det gröna taket på Sjunde Huset i Kiruna." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67502.
Full textYevno, Kinora, and Pernilla Bengtsson. "Vertikala skogar : Varför byggs de inte i Sverige?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26184.
Full textThe world is facing climate change at an accelerating pace and Sweden is no exception. This leads to increased temperatures, heavy rainfalls, and higher levels of air pollution. At the same time urbanization is increasing with a greater population in cities. The increasing population in cities leads to a reduction of greenery, which could be devastating for humanity. Greenery has a positive impact on people by lowering blood pressure, improving mental and physical health, but also to prevent dementia. The authors of this paper have recognized an increase in vertical forests as a possible solution to this issue. However, there has been little or no interest within Sweden. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate what motivates the Swedish constructing industry to build vertical forests. Data collection has been done using a qualitative method where interviews have been conducted with seven property managers. The study concluded that the concept vertical forest is not established in Sweden and can therefore be seen as an unexplored topic. For the concept and construction to establish in Sweden, the building management companies need more information that could be summarized into three themes. The three themes that where distinctive among the respondents were that more knowledge is needed in the field, costumer demand and involvement of the state. The discussion presents the link between the vertical forests and the three dimensions of sustainability, the environmental, economic, and social. The paper concludes that the market would benefit from a pilot project to show possible design solutions and the positive climate effect.
Naji, Qusay. "Gröna Bostäder i Stockholm : En studie om de nybyggda bostädernas grönhet och de olika aktörernas roll för att uppnå miljömålen." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98678.
Full textRosén, Patrik, and Jenny Nilsson. "Gröna generationsskifte : Inriktning mot skogs- och skogsskadekonton." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7439.
Full textSyftet med uppsatsen är att analysera gällande rätt och de olika överlåtelsemetoder som finns vid gröna generationsskiften. Uppsatsen kommer särskilt uppmärksamma effekterna av de nya bestämmelserna, gällande skogs- och skogsskadekonto, som föreslagits av regeringen och som avses träda i kraft från och med januari 2009. Jämte det kommer även övriga skatterättsliga effekter uppmärksammas.
Överlag är Sveriges företagare svaga vad gäller att planera sina generationsskiften, vilket kan leda till problem eftersom ett väl genomfört generationsskifte tar mellan tre till fem år. Det är inte enbart de ekonomiska och juridiska aspekterna som måste behandlas, utan hänsyn måste även tas till de så kallade mjuka värdena. Frågor som vem som ska ta över och hur fastigheten ska värderas måste få sina svar. Det är viktigt att ha en öppen kommunikation inom familjen så ingen känner sig åsidosatt.
Oplanerade generationsskiften sker när den äldre generationen avlider och tillgångarna övergår genom arv. Huvudregeln är att den efterlevande maken ärver all kvarlåtenskap. Därefter är det den legala arvsordningen som avgör vem som har rätt till tillgångarna, vilket kan leda till att en icke lämpad person eller personer som inte kan komma överens får ta över fastigheten med samäganderätt. Planerade generationsskiften genomförs under den äldre generationens livstid. Valet av metod avgörs från fall till fall och det finns inget generellt svar på vilket alternativ som ska rekommenderas.
Det är huvudsaklighetsprincipen som avgör om en överlåtelse ska klassas som köp eller gåva. Ges ett vederlag som överstiger taxeringsvärdet på fast egendom klassas överlåtelsen som köp, understiger vederlaget taxeringsvärdet klassas det som gåva. Det är direkt avgörande för om en kapitalvinst realiseras eller ej.
Skogs- och skogsskadekonton ger en skogsbrukare möjlighet att fördela de ojämna resultaten i ett skogsbruk över flera år. Med dagens bestämmelser får inte skogs- och skogsskadekonton skattefritt överföras utan måste tas upp till beskattning i inkomstslaget näringsverksamhet. Regeringen har lagt fram ett förslag som kommer att möjliggöra en överlåtelse av skogs- och skogsskadekonton i samband med arv, testamente, bodelning och gåva till närstående. Syftet till lagförslaget är att underlätta generationsskiften av skogsfastigheter.
Andersson, Jenny. "Kvalitet på avrinningsvatten från extensiva gröna tak." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246281.
Full textOlofsson, Jakob. "Utvecklingen för gröna tak i Stockholm stad." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256488.
Full textThere is currently a great lack of information regarding the development of green roofs in Stockholm. Since green roofs have big potential to support the city's storm water system, contribute to increased biodiversity, reduce noise and improve air quality, green roofs can be strongly linked to two of Sweden's environmental goals, namely a good built environment and a rich plant and animal life. Because of this potential, it would be disadvantageous if green roofs were not fully used. An inventory of green roofs using aerial photos have been taken on a part of southern Stockholm to determine how much green roofs have been built over the past nine years compared to previous years. The area was chosen because of the large age variation in the buildings in order to better represent the city of Stockholm as a whole. There have also been 3 interviews conducted with representatives of the City of Stockholm and representatives from the construction sector. The purpose of the interviews was to investigate whether there has been an increase in construction and reasons for this. The results of the inventory show that as many green roofs have been built in the last nine years as has been built in the area all the previous years. The interviews show that there has been an increase in the amount of built roofs and that one of the reasons for this increase has been the introduction of the green area factor. However, this cannot be substantiated by any existing data, as such is missing for the City of Stockholm as a whole. The development for green roofs based on this study appears to be positive, however, in order to fully ensure the development of green roofs in Stockholm, it is recommended that a more detailed inventory of the entire Stockholm city stock of green roofs be made.
Jonsson, Amanda. "Planera för hållbara städer med gröna tak." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184494.
Full textForsgren, Erik, and Isabelle Moré. "Gröna obligationer : Certifieringens betydelse ur ett investerarperspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45781.
Full textGustafsson, Markus, and Johannes Wåhlin. "Hållbar finansiering : Fastighetsbolagens utformning av gröna obligationer." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261680.
Full textThe Swedish market for green bonds has increased explosively in recent years. Therefore, it’s surprising that there’s no established definition of the word green or any regulatory framework. Consequently, investors investments are jeopardized with minimum to no guarantees of sustainability. For that reason, this study will aim to sort out the issues that exists in the green bond market by studying issued bonds and what the property companies are prepared to deliver in return for capital. The hope is that the study will be able to increase transparency in the market and create discussion material for a future regulatory framework. The research question is as follows; How do property companies design green bonds on the Swedish bond market? The study is based on theories, concepts and models associated with real estate economics, bonds, environmental certifications and CSR. By means of an inductive qualitative method, the environmental certifications stated in the bond prospectus from the bonds already issued on the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm Nordic list of sustainable bonds, have been compiled. The result shows that BREEAM Very Good, Miljöbyggnad Silver and LEED Gold are the three most common environmental certifications. However, there are large differences between green bonds issued by governmental property companies and private property companies, where governmental property companies tend to issue a small proportion of green bonds but with higher requirements of environmental certifications, while private real estate companies tend to issue a large proportion of green bonds but to lowers levels of environmental certifications. This indicates an inconsistent and non-transparent market that undermines the concept of green bonds. The conclusion is that a definite definition of what is meant by a green bonds are required.