Journal articles on the topic 'Grips strength'
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Stevenson, Peter E., Todd R. Skochdopole, L. Cassady, Dennis Pihs, and Ajit D. Kelkar. "Testing of High Strength Fabrics: Reporting Modulus, Low Strain Properties, and Ultimate Tensile Strength." Journal of Industrial Textiles 29, no. 4 (April 2000): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808370002900403.
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Measurement of the tensile properties of high strength woven and knit fabrics, including geotextiles and geogrids traditionally make use of roller grip-type clamping systems. These grips are designed to allow a sample to be pulled in tension without applying an excessive crimping or compressive force on the specimen, thus avoiding premature failure. Roller grips, also known as capstan grips, also have the advantage of allowing the specimen to align itself with the applied force therefore loading the specimen uniformly across the width. However, since the specimen tightens itself around the grip during testing, crosshead travel cannot be used to measure specimen strain, which makes the determination of low strain properties and the selection of modulus values difficult. Two issues that must be addressed in obtaining low strain properties are how to measure sample strain and how to get an accurate and repeatable starting point for the test. This paper will explore alternate methods of gripping systems, strain measurement and data analysis with the objective of accurately measuring and reporting low strain properties of woven and knit textiles.
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JOSTY, I. C., M. P. H. TYLER, P. C. SHEWELL, and A. H. N. ROBERTS. "Grip and Pinch Strength Variations in Different Types of Workers." Journal of Hand Surgery 22, no. 2 (April 1997): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80079-4.
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We measured grip and pinch strengths in non-manual, light manual and heavy manual workers using a Jamar dynamometer and a pinch measuring device. Heavy manual workers had the strongest grips with the least difference between sides. Office workers had the weakest grips and the greatest difference between sides. Light manual workers were between these two groups. Consequently, the occupation of the patient must be taken into account when using grip and pinch strength measurements to assess the need for rehabilitation and in medicolegal reports.
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Zhao, Xin Yi, Shi Bao Li, and Xu Gong. "The Influence of Specimen Grips on the Measurement of Micro-Tensile Bond Strength to Human Dentin." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.18.
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To evaluate the effects of specimen grips on the measurement of the micro-tensile bond strength (mTBS) to dentin. Methods: Twelve extracted human molars were sectioned to expose mid-coronal dentin. Each surface was ground with 600-grit SiC paper. Four adhesives: Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply, USA), Contex (DMG, German), Adper Prompt (3M/ESPE, USA) and Clearfil S3Bond (Kuraray, Japan) were applied to the polished surfaces followed by creation of composite buildups. After 24 hr storage in 37°C water, the teeth were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface to produce multiple beams of composite-bonded dentin, approximately 0.8 mm2in cross-sectioned area. Half of the specimens were attached to testing grips A which did not contain positioning pins and another half were attached to the testing grips B which contained positioning pins. All specimens were tested using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Results: Specimens tested using the grips A presented lower mTBS than using the grips B (P<0.01). Many specimens tested using the grips A showed mix failure or cohesive failure within composite, and most of the failures were adhesive for specimens tested using the grips A. Conclusion: Specimen grips without positioning pins cannot accurately present mTBS and the grips with positioning pins can more accurately present mTBS.
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Montazer, M. Ali, and John G. Thomas. "Grip Strength as a Function of 200 Repetitive Trials." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 3_suppl (December 1992): 1320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.3f.1320.
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A study was done to see how grip strength deteriorates after an extended number of grips. Eight male subjects, all right-handed and 23 to 35 years old, participated. Each subject made 200 grips on a dynamometer at his maximum strength. There were 15-sec. rests between trials. Performance dropped significantly after two trials. There were drops of about 40% and 50% at Trials 100 and 200, respectively. The grip strength/trial relationship is logarithmic as noted by Montazer and Thomas in 1991.
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Holland, Sara, James Dickey, Louis Ferreira, and Emily Lalone. "Investigating the grip forces exerted by individuals with and without hand arthritis while swinging a golf club with the use of a new wearable sensor technology." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120923838.
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Hand arthritis is the leading cause of disability in individuals over the age of 50, causing impairments in grip strength and range of motion. Golf is often recommended to patients with hand arthritis as a low-impact sport to maintain a healthy lifestyle. As such, numerous “arthritic” golf grips have been marketed, but lack quantitative measures to justify their use. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in total applied grip force in golfers with/without hand arthritis using several types of golf grips. Twenty-seven participants (17 without and 10 with hand arthritis) were evaluated swinging mid-iron clubs with 12 different golf grip designs (9 standard and 3 “arthritic”). The trail hand thumb, index, middle, and ring finger applied grip forces were measured using the wireless FingerTPS system. Finger grip configuration (finger joint angles) of the thumb and index were measured using the Dartfish Movement Analysis Software paired with the newly developed Grip Configuration Model to obtain grip range of motion. Results indicated that golfers with hand arthritis had a significant deficit of 45% golf grip strength (P = 0.02). In addition, individuals with hand arthritis exhibited larger forces in 11 out of 12 golf grips tested when compared with their maximum golf grip strength. Despite how these grips are marketed, there are no “savings” in finger force or grip configuration when using the “arthritic” designed golf grips. Therefore, these grips may not be beneficial for patients with hand arthritis.
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Gilbertson, Louise, and Sarah Barber-Lomax. "Power and Pinch Grip Strength Recorded Using the Hand-Held Jamar® Dynamometer and B+L Hydraulic Pinch Gauge: British Normative Data for Adults." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 57, no. 12 (December 1994): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269405701209.
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The purpose of this study was to establish British normative data for adults aged 15 to 92 years, using four different hand grips. A Jamar® dynamometer was used to measure power grip and a B+L hydraulic pinch gauge to measure tip, tripod and lateral grips. A sample of 130 men and 130 women from the Cambridgeshire area was tested, using standardised positioning and instructions. The results showed that male grip strength was stronger than female grip strength in all hand grips. In both men and women, power grip peaked between the ages of 15 and 49 years and declined gradually after the age of 50 years. Tip, tripod and lateral pinch grips did not decline noticeably until after the age of 70 years in women and, although there was a gradual decline in male tripod and lateral pinch grips after 65 years, male tip pinch grip showed no noticeable decline related to age. Normative data collected in this study were lower than norms reported in American studies.
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Mlakar, Maja, Nerrolyn Ramstrand, Helena Burger, and Gaj Vidmar. "Effect of custom-made and prefabricated orthoses on grip strength in persons with carpal tunnel syndrome." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613490440.
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Background: Based on the literature, patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are suggested to wear a custom-made wrist orthosis immobilizing the wrist in a neutral position. Many prefabricated orthoses are available on the market, but the majority of those do not assure neutral wrist position. Objectives: We hypothesized that the use of orthosis affects grip strength in persons with carpal tunnel syndrome in a way that supports preference for custom-made orthoses with neutral wrist position over prefabricated orthoses. Study design: Experimental. Methods: Comparisons of grip strength for three types of grips (cylindrical, lateral, and pinch) were made across orthosis types (custom-made, prefabricated with wrist in 20° of flexion, and none) on the affected side immediately after fitting, as well as between affected side without orthosis and nonaffected side. Results: Orthosis type did not significantly affect grip strength ( p = 0.661). Cylindrical grip was by far the strongest, followed by lateral and pinch grips ( p < 0.050). The grips of the affected side were weaker than those of the nonaffected side ( p = 0.002). Conclusions: In persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, neither prefabricated orthoses with 20° wrist extension nor custom-made wrist orthoses with neutral wrist position influenced grip strength of the affected hand. Compared to the nonaffected side, the grips of the affected side were weaker. Clinical relevance The findings from this study can be used to guide application of orthoses to patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Polilov, A. N., D. D. Vlasov, and N. A. Tatus’. "Developing of the optimal shape and reinforcement structure of the specimen for adequate determination of the tensile strength in unidirectional composites." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-2-43-55.
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Unidirectional composites exhibit the highest strength when stretched along the fibers. However, the proper determination of the strength faces great methodological difficulties. The main problems of tensile testing of polymer composites consisted in developing of the specimen shape and the method of specimen fixation which ensure the minimum impact of the stress concentration near the grips on the strength measurements. A conventional shape of the specimen with fillets is unsuitable for unidirectional polymers due to the splitting occurred in the fillet zones upon loading. Therefore, the specimens are usually standardized in the form of rectangular strips fixed using pads or special grips which provide constant transverse forces. However, with such a specimen shape, a significant stress concentration inevitably occurs at the edge of grips and the lower the ratio of the interlayer shear modulus to the longitudinal Young’s modulus, the greater the stress concentration impact. For the purpose of the most correct determination of the strength we propose to use specimens with smoothly varying dimensions at the same cross-sectional area which ensures keeping the total number of unbroken fibers in each section. The specimen thickness decreases when moving from the working part of the specimen to the gripping part, whereas the width (while maintaining the section area) grows to prevent the specimen collapsing resulting from transverse forces in standard self-tightening grips. Analytical and FEM modeling is performed to select a rational contour shape. Technological equipment has been developed and a procedure of manufacturing testing specimens has been worked out. The tensile test of specially manufactured curvilinear reinforced specimens showed higher strength values compared to standard rectangular strips or specimens with semicircular fillets.
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Thomas, J., L. Martin, and G. Muir. "Getting to grips with grip strength: A scoping review of patients mapped against sarcopenia consensus cut points." Physiotherapy 113 (December 2021): e61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.022.
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Olszowy, Kathryn M., Michael A. Little, Gwang Lee, Alysa Pomer, Kelsey N. Dancause, Cheng Sun, Harold Silverman, et al. "Coming to grips with economic development: Variation in adult hand grip strength during health transition in Vanuatu." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 167, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 760–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23704.
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Polilov, A. N., A. S. Arutyunova, and N. A. Tatus’. "Effect of Stress Concentration near Grips on the Tensile Strength of Composites." Inorganic Materials 57, no. 15 (December 2021): 1555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168521150164.
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Polilov, A. N., A. S. Arutyunova, and N. A. Tatus’. "Effect of stress concentration near grips on the tensile strength of composites." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-11-48-59.
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GÜLKE, J., N. J. WACHTER, P. KATZMAIER, T. EBINGER, and M. MENTZEL. "Detecting Submaximal Effort in Power Grip by Observation of the Strength Distribution Pattern." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 6 (December 2007): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhse.2007.05.020.
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This study examined patterns of grip strength when maximal and submaximal effort are applied. Using a sensor glove, 50 healthy subjects performed two different power grips. Both maximal and submaximal gripping showed characteristic patterns of strength distribution that were independent of the degree of power applied. Significant differences were also noted in the strength distribution patterns, depending on whether the grip was performed at maximal, or submaximal, strength. The small finger plays a decisive role in this. In maximal strength gripping, the total measured strength is distributed relatively evenly over all four fingers, with each finger contributing between 23% and 27% of the total strength. In submaximal strength gripping, the little finger is involved very little and only contributes between 14% and 15% of the total strength, with the remainder of the gripping distributed relatively evenly between the index, middle and ring fingers, each of which contributes between 26% and 32% of the total.
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Pazderka, M. Peggy, Melissa Henderson, and M. Susan Hallbeck. "Gender, Grip Span, Anthropometric Dimensions, and Time Effects on Grip Strength and Discomfort." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 13 (October 1996): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001327.
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The objective of this study is to examine the relationship among anthropometric dimensions, grip span, discomfort, gender, and grip strength. The 24 volunteer subjects (12 males, 12 females) performed five grips squeezing their hardest for 2 minutes at each of the five grip spans on the Jamar grip dynamometer. The grip strength was recorded using the UPC software and then averaged for each of the 30 second intervals. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, post-hoc (Tukey) hypothesis tests, and regression. In the ANOVA analysis gender, grip span, time, and the interactions of gender-grip span, grip span-time, and time-gender were determined to be the significant effects. In all four of the 30 second intervals, average grip strength was significantly higher for males than females. Female average grip strength was found to be 70% of male average grip strength. The post-hoc (Tukey) tests showed that grip spans 3, 4, and 2 were significantly higher than grip spans 5 and 1. The anthropometry of several segments of the hand were found to be important predictors of grip strength and discomfort in the stepwise regressions. Grip span 4 had the highest average severity of discomfort, while grip span 1 had the most areas of the hand experiencing discomfort.
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Quinn, George D. "Fractographic Analysis of Very Small Theta Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.201.
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The theta test specimen is a versatile tool for evaluating the strength of extremely small structures. Round and hexagonal rings are compressed vertically on their ends creating a uniform tension stress in the middle gauge section. The simple compression loading scheme eliminates the need for special grips. A conventional nanoindentation hardness machine with a flat indenter applied load, monitored displacement, and recorded fracture loads. Prototype miniature specimens with web sections as thin as 7.5 m were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of single crystal silicon wafers. The strength limiting flaws were 200 nm to 500 nm deep surface etch pits.
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Kotecha, Mansi Milanbhai, and Mansee Desai. "Correlation of BMI with Hand Grip and Pinch Grip Strength in Children of 6-12 Years." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221106.
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Background And Objective: Many activities of daily living involve the use of the hands with various hand grips for doing tasks. The nutritional status can influence the muscle quality and so, the muscle strength. The association between the muscle strength and underweight and the muscle strength and overweight/obesity were studied separately by many researchers, but very few studies have investigated the longitudinal assessment of the BMI with the muscle strength in various BMI ranges in children. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine whether BMI is associated with hand grip and pinch grip strength in typically developing children of 6-12 years of age. The objective of the study was to analyse the correlation between BMI with hand grip strength and pinch grip strength. Method: Total 330 typically developing school-going children from 6-12 years were taken. BMI percentile was measured according to their age, height, and weight. Hand grip strength and Pinch grip strength were measured. Result: Spearman correlation test was used to analyse the data. A significant and weak positive correlation was found between BMI percentile and Hand grip strength(p<0.05). A significant and very weak positive result was found between BMI percentile and Pinch Grip strength. Conclusion: The study leads to the conclusion that There is weak positive correlation between BMI percentile and HGS. There is very weak positive correlation between BMI percentile and PGS There is strong correlation between HGS and PGS. Key words: BMI, Hand grip strength, Pinch grip strength, school-age children.
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Lyashenko, I. A., and Z. M. Liashenko. "Influence of Tangential Displacement on the Adhesion Force between Gradient Materials." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.3.205.
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The influence of a tangential displacement on the strength of the adhesive contacts between gradient materials with different gradings of their properties has been studied. Variants with a controlled force (fixed load) and a controlled displacement (fixed grips) are considered. A relationship between the normal and tangential critical force components at which the contact is destroyed is obtained. It is valid within the whole interval of the gradient parameters, where the detachment criterium is obeyed. The optimal parameters at which the adhesive contact strength is maximum are determined. A case of detachment under the action of only the tangential force, i.e. when the normal force equals zero, is analyzed separately.
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Ismail, S. S., M. Mohamad, S. O. Syazarina, and W. Y. Nafisah. "Hand grips strength effect on motor function in human brain using fMRI: a pilot study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 546 (November 7, 2014): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/546/1/012005.
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Hollingworth, Thomas William, Siddhartha M. Oke, Harnish Patel, and Trevor R. Smith. "Getting to grips with sarcopenia: recent advances and practical management for the gastroenterologist." Frontline Gastroenterology 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2019-101348.
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Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalised disorder of skeletal muscle strength, function and mass, that is most commonly associated with the normal ageing process. It is increasingly recognised that sarcopenia can also develop as a consequence of malabsorptive and inflammatory conditions, such as those seen by gastroenterologists and hepatologists. It affects 1%–30% of the general population, but is seen in approximately 40% of patients with gastrointestinal conditions including inflammatory bowel disease and cirrhosis. Within this group of patients, it is associated with increased complications and mortality. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifactorial with several risk factors implicated in its development including undernutrition, physical inactivity and coexistent multimorbidity. The SARC-F questionnaire has been developed to screen for patients at risk of sarcopenia, however, this focuses on the functional consequences and will therefore not identify those patients who are early in the progression of sarcopenia. There are several different non-invasive techniques available to assess muscle quantity and quality including; grip strength, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT which can be used together to diagnose sarcopenia. Assessment and correction of malnutrition, particularly protein intake, in those at risk of sarcopenia is important in preventing the development and progression of sarcopenia. There are no specific drugs that are available for the treatment of sarcopenia, however, resistance exercise programmes combined with nutritional interventions show promise. It is important that this common condition is screened for and recognised, with any contributing factors addressed to reduce the risk of its progression.
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Ляшенко, Я. А., and В. Л. Попов. "Влияние продолжительности контакта и глубины индентирования на адгезионную прочность: эксперимент и численное моделирование." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 10 (2020): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.10.49812.57-20.
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The adhesive contact between a steel spherical indenter and a layer of transparent soft rubber fixed on a glass substrate is experimentally investigated. Obtained experimental results are compared with theory and numerical simulation, which demonstrates satisfactory agreement between these three approaches. The influence of the indenter time in the contact and the indentation depth on the value of the adhesive strength of the contact is studied. The features of experiments conducted under conditions of controlled displacement (fixed grips) and controlled force (fixed load) are discussed.
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Pan, Ning, Radko Kovar, Mehdi Kamali Dolatabadi, Ping Wang, Diantang Zhang, Ying Sun, and Li Chen. "Origin of tensile strength of a woven sample cut in bias directions." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 5 (May 2015): 140499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140499.
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Textile fabrics are highly anisotropic, so that their mechanical properties including strengths are a function of direction. An extreme case is when a woven fabric sample is cut in such a way where the bias angle and hence the tension loading direction is around 45° relative to the principal directions. Then, once loaded, no yarn in the sample is held at both ends, so the yarns have to build up their internal tension entirely via yarn–yarn friction at the interlacing points. The overall fabric strength in such a sample is a result of contributions from the yarns being pulled out and those broken during the process, and thus becomes a function of the bias direction angle θ , sample width W and length L , along with other factors known to affect fabric strength tested in principal directions. Furthermore, in such a bias sample when the major parameters, e.g. the sample width W , change, not only the resultant strengths differ, but also the strength generating mechanisms (or failure types) vary. This is an interesting problem and is analysed in this study. More specifically, the issues examined in this paper include the exact mechanisms and details of how each interlacing point imparts the frictional constraint for a yarn to acquire tension to the level of its strength when both yarn ends were not actively held by the testing grips; the theoretical expression of the critical yarn length for a yarn to be able to break rather than be pulled out, as a function of the related factors; and the general relations between the tensile strength of such a bias sample and its structural properties. At the end, theoretical predictions are compared with our experimental data.
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Jewell, D. P. A., M. B. S. Brewster, and M. A. Arafa. "OUTCOMES OF SILASTIC TRAPEZIUM REPLACEMENTS." Hand Surgery 16, no. 03 (January 2011): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810411005588.
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Trapezio-metacarpal joint arthritis is common, affecting 7% of men and 15% of women. Numerous surgical techniques are described for this condition but it is not clear which is best. Eighty-six silicone trapezium replacements were assessed at an average of 46 months (six to 156 months) postoperatively for patient satisfaction, pain, key and power grip strength, range of motion, complications and disability with DASH score. Patient satisfaction was 92%. There was excellent pain reduction from 4.2 to 0.6 on a scale of 0 to 5. Strength was 72% and 84% of age-sex-matched normal data for key and power grips, respectively. The complication rate was low, with two cases of persistent pain. One resolved spontaneously, the other resolved following revision of the silicone implant. The average DASH score was 30. Silicone trapezium replacement is an effective operation that offers the patient good pain relief, strength and good function with few complications.
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Yu, Joo-In, Peng Liu, and Tae-Beom Seo. "Acute Effect of Different Warm-up Methods on Isometric Muscle Endurance of the Finger Flexors and Climbing Performance in Sport Climbers." Korean Journal of Sport Science 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.340.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether foam roller, preexhaustion, and static stretching had any effect on isometric muscular endurance of the finger flexors and climbing performance in sport climbers. METHODS Nine sport climbers who were able to perform at a climbing difficulty of 5.11d, were included in this study. Warm-up exercise consisted of myofascial release, pre-exhaustion exercises, and static stretching. Grip and back strengths were measured for muscular strength, and isometric muscular endurance of the finger flexors was measured as the time spent hanging on each hold according to the angle of the elbow joint. Repeated measures of ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in treatment, and a significant difference between groups was confirmed by contrast test. RESULTS Myofascial release, pre-exhaustion, and static stretching before climbing did not affect muscle strength. However, the static stretching exercise significantly decreased isometric muscle endurance of the finger flexor at 90° open hold, and the pre-exhaustion exercise significantly decreased the hanging time at 180° crimp and slope grips. There was no effect on climbing performance according to the type of warm-up exercise. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that various warm-up exercises did not directly affect muscle strength, muscular endurance, and climbing performance in sport climbers. Thus, we suggest that future research on complex warm-up exercises considering climbing postures should be conducted.
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Ambroziak, Andrzej, and Paweł Kłosowski. "Influence of Water-Induced Degradation of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-Coated Woven Fabrics Mechanical Properties." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010001.
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The impact of water-induced degradation on the mechanical properties of the chosen two PTFE-coated, glass threads woven fabrics is investigated in this paper. The paper begins with a survey of literature concerning the investigation and determination of coated woven fabric properties. The authors carried out the uniaxial tensile tests with an application of flat and curved grips to establish the proper values of the ultimate tensile strength and the longitudinal stiffness of groups of specimens treated with different moisture conditions. Despite the water resistance of the main materials used for fabrics manufacturing, the change of the mechanical properties caused by the influence of water immersion has been noticed. The reduction in the tensile strength resulting under waterlogged is observed in the range from 5% to 16% depending on the type of investigated coated woven fabric and direction of weft or warp.
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Wong, Yoke Rung, Austin Mun Kitt Loke, and Shian Chao Tay. "The Effect of Suture Materials on the Biomechanical Performance of Different Flexor Tendon Repairs and the Concept of Construct Efficiency." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 23, no. 02 (May 7, 2018): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835518500285.
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Background: To propose a new term (‘construct efficiency’) for the evaluation of multi strands flexor tendon repairs using different suture materials. Methods: A total of twenty specimens from 4-0 braided polyblend sutures (FiberLoop/FiberWire; Arthrex, Naples, FL) and 4-0 nylon sutures (Supramid Extra II; S. Jackson, Inc., Alexandria, VA) were subjected to tensile testing using Pneumatic Cord-and-Yarn Grips (Instron Corp., Canton MA, USA). The ultimate tensile strengths of the suture materials were measured. The expected repair strengths and construct efficiencies were computed based on the experimental results and from available literature on actual repair strengths of the 4-strand Becker, Cruciate repairs and 6-strand Tang, modified Lim-Tsai repairs. Results: The ultimate tensile strength of nylon suture was 15.4 ± 0.6N, lower than that of braided polyblend suture (45.3 ± 2.3N) with a difference of 194%. The construct efficiency of multi strand repairs varied with respect to different repair techniques and suture materials. It was found that the Becker repairs using FiberWire had the highest construct efficiency (55.7%) followed by the modified Lim-Tsai using Supramid (50.9%), Tang repair using Supramid (49.8%), Cruciate repair using Fiberwire (49.1%), and modified Lim-Tsai repair using FiberLoop (33.5%). Conclusions: The construct efficiency is more accurate in showing that, in terms of biomechanical strength, the use of FiberWire for the 4-strand Becker and Cruciate repair is more efficient than that of using FiberLoop for 6-strand modified Lim-Tsai repair.
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HODHOD, Hosam, and Taketo UOMOTO. "Effect of state of stress at the grips and matrix properties on tensile strength of CFRP rods." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 451 (1992): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1992.451_245.
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Adams, S. Keith. "Hand-Grip Torque for Circular Electrical Connectors: The Effect of Obstructions." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 11 (October 1988): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762504.
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The hand grips of 18 male and 16 female subjects were studied to determine the maximum, clockwise static torque that could be applied to circular electrical connectors under six defined levels of interference and four conditions of interference (types of obstruction) with and without work gloves. The diameters of connectors tested were 0.9, 1.5 and 2.0 in., respectively. Torque strength and required separation were found to be a function of level of interference, condition of interference, connector size, and glove usage. Interference from an adjacent surface to the right or below the grasped connector was less severe than interference from adjacent connectors to the left and right. The greatest interference occurred when adjacent connectors were located to the right, left, above and below the grasped connector. Large connectors permitted greater torque and required less surface-to-surface clearance than small connectors. The use of work gloves increased torque strength slightly but required much larger clearances. Limitations in hand torque strength and required clearances for exertions should be taken into account as ergonomic guidelines for maintainability.
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Bardo, Ameline, Katie Town, Tracy L. Kivell, Georgina Donati, Haiko Ballieux, Cosmin Stamate, Trudi Edginton, and Gillian S. Forrester. "The Precision of the Human Hand: Variability in Pinch Strength and Manual Dexterity." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010071.
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Changes in hand morphology throughout human evolution have facilitated the use of forceful pad-to-pad precision grips, contributing to the development of fine motor movement and dexterous manipulation typical of modern humans. Today, variation in human hand function may be affected by demographic and/or lifestyle factors, but these remain largely unexplored. We measured pinch grip strength and dexterity in a heterogeneous cross-sectional sample of human participants (n = 556) to test for the potential effects of sex, age, hand asymmetries, hand morphology, and frequently practiced manual activities across the lifespan. We found a significant effect of sex on pinch strength, dexterity, and different directional asymmetries, with the practice of manual musical instruments, significantly increasing female dexterity for both hands. Males and females with wider hands were also stronger, but not more precise, than those with longer hands, while the thumb-index ratio had no effect. Hand dominance asymmetry further had a significant effect on dexterity but not on pinch strength. These results indicate that different patterns of hand asymmetries and hand function are influenced in part by life experiences, improving our understanding of the link between hand form and function and offering a referential context for interpreting the evolution of human dexterity.
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Andjelkovic, Sladjana, Cedo Vuckovic, Aleksandar Lesic, Goran Tulic, Suzana Milutinovic, Tomislav Palibrk, Slavisa Zagorac, and Marko Bumbasirevic. "Fractures of the scaphoid, diagnosis and managementa review." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 60, no. 2 (2013): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1302099a.
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The scaphoid is vitally important for the proper mechanics of wrist function. Fracture of the scaphoid bone is the most common carpal fracture. Among all wrist injuries the incidence of scaphoid fracture is second only to fractures of the distal radius. Scaphoid fractures are significant because a delay in diagnosis can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes that include nonunion, delayed union, decreased grips strength, range of motion and osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint. To avoid missing this diagnosis, a high index of suspicion and a through history and physical examination are necessary, because initial radiographs are often negative. Regardless of the technique of bone grafting, there will almost always be some loss of motion even if the fracture unites.
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Bowser, J. E., S. H. Elder, A. M. Rashmir-Raven, and C. E. Swiderski. "A cryogenic clamping technique that facilitates ultimate tensile strength determinations in tendons and ligaments." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 24, no. 05 (2011): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-09-0128.
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SummaryObjective: To describe the use of a cryogenic clamp of novel design for tensile strength testing of tendinous and ligamentous tissues with inherently high tensile strength.Methods: Inexpensive, easily machined steel clamps were manufactured to facilitate rapid insertion into a standard wedge-screw grip apparatus installed on a testing system with a control system attached. The deep digital flex-or tendon (DDFT) of six horses was trimmed to a uniform dumbbell shape and secured in clamps using partial submersion in liquid nitrogen for approximately 45 seconds and immediately tested. Approximate time between removal from liquid nitrogen and failure of tendon was four minutes.Results: Failure was achieved in all tendons tested in a region approximating a midpoint between the clamps. Ultimate failure loads of up to 6745 N were achieved without slippage of the tissue from the grips. The ultimate tensile strength of the normal equine DDFT determined in this study was 111.82 ± 11.53 N/mm2, and the stress versus grip-to-grip elongation plots for our equine DDFT were representative of a standard non-linear elastic curve obtained in similar studies.Clinical significance: We present a low cost device for quantifying physical properties of specimens with high connective tissue concentrations and inherent high tensile strength. Results of this study indicate that this device provides a practical alternative to other more costly methods of adequately securing larger tendons and ligaments for tensile strength testing.
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Diachenko, A. A., A. A. Kovalchuk, V. L. Yakovlev, and A. E. Antoniuk. "Improvement of the special physical readiness of freestyle wrestlers with an emphasis on the development of strength qualities. Topicality." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(133) (March 22, 2021): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.3(133).08.
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Special physical training in combat is as important as technical and tactical, functional and psychological training. Its proper level ensures the achievement of a high sports result. The purpose of the study is to improve the strength qualities of freestyle wrestlers at the stage of preliminary basic training. Research methods. Analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results of the research. During the study, the technology of increasing the level of general and special physical fitness of wrestlers aged 13-14 was used. Pedagogical technology to increase the level of general and special physical fitness of freestyle wrestlers was carried out in four successive stages. For the experimental group were selected tools and methods of training, which are aimed at improving strength. For the development of strength qualities, the means of athletics were used to a greater extent, which are aimed at the harmonious development of muscles, increasing the level of strength and the formation of a muscular corset in the lumbar region. Games in blocking grips and emphasis, games in embossing with an emphasis on development of power abilities were applied. Approbation of the technology of increasi ng the level of special physical fitness by improving strength qualities in the training process has shown its effectiveness. Conclusions. The advantage of wrestlers of the experimental group in comparison with the control group after the experiment in the tests characterizing the manifestation of strength qualities is proved.
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Major, Stepan, Ivan Jandejsek, Jaroslav Valach, and Daniel Vavřík. "Portable Device for Indirect Assessment of Strength in Tension of Building Materials and Problem of Boundary Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.307.
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A sensitive determination of mechanical properties of brittle building materials of existing buildings, requires gathering of samples by core drilling. Due to the fact, that the material samples may change their properties during transportion, it is preferred to test samples on site. Development of portable machine for Split test was therefore the first choice. The specimen is compressed with diametrically opposite symmetric line loads. The main goal of this paper is to document fine-tuning of experimental setup of the device to provide consistent and reproducible measurement. Therefore the paper concentrates on the biggest problem which is the boundary conditions of the test. For this reason, different types of contacts were studied. For boundary condition analysis was used photoelasticity. Set of experiments was performed in order to fulfill the condition of crack initiating in the middle of the specimen. Location of crack initiation was determined by the Digital Image Correlation - DIC. Various materials for contact were evaluated and it was found that the lead bar and grips with radius are best.
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Seidl, David, Pavel Koštial, Petr Jonšta, Zora Jančíková, and Ivan Ružiak. "Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Heat Transfer of 10GN2MFA Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.60.
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Three samples of 10GN2MFA steel were thermally treated at quenching temperatures equal to 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C, and temperature of the tempering was 670°C. Thermo-physical properties of the steel were modelled by lumped capacity model. The sample was mechanically stressed under yield strength and then the cooling curve of stressed material on air was measured. The heat transfer through grips was taken into account. Thermo-physical properties were obtained by parametric fitting of time-temperature data obtained from cooling curve. Both thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity increase with the quenching temperature. Specific heat capacity of steel samples after thermal treatment does not change significantly. All the measured thermo-physical parameters were in good agreement with the table values for low carbon Ni steels.
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Assmann, Mara, Gino Steinmetz, Arndt Friedrich Schilling, and Dominik Saul. "Comparison of Grip Strength in Recreational Climbers and Non-Climbing Athletes—A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010129.
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In recent years, climbing sports is on the rise making its Olympic debut in 2021. Physiological traits of professional rock climbers have been intensively studied, while recreational indoor climbers are less investigated, especially regarding grip strength and upper extremity proportions. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to understand what discerns the recreational climber from disparate recreational athletes. Therefore, we analyzed 50 recreational climbing (30.3 ± 12.7 years, 1.76 ± 0.09 m and 67.0 ± 14.0 kg) and 50 non-climbing athletes (26.4 ± 9.1 years, 1.78 ± 0.09 m and 73.2 ± 12.6 kg) to detect differences in their finger grip strength of seven different pinches. In addition, the upper extremity proportions were measured. Even in recreational climbers, almost all analyzed grips were stronger compared to other athletes (p < 0.05 in all but non-dominant fist, small to moderate effect sizes). Only the grip strength of the whole non-dominant hand was not significantly different (p = 0.17). Interestingly, differences between the dominant and non-dominant hand appeared to be larger in the non-climbing (all p < 0.05, all but one with small effect size) compared to the climbing cohort (pinch I/IV and pinch I/II+III+IV not different and mostly trivial). Circumference measurements showed that 10 cm below the lateral epicondyle, climbers exhibited significantly greater perimeter compared to non-climbing athletes (p < 0.05, small effect size). Our results show that recreational climbers have higher measured grip strength, but less profound differences between the dominant and non-dominant hand.
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Skakoon, James G., and Michael Wiklund. "The Human Touch." Mechanical Engineering 133, no. 09 (September 1, 2011): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2011-sep-2.
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This article discusses the significance of human touch in mechanical design. Designers need to be familiar with basic ergonomic standards and guidelines for their industries. In the mechanical area, these include anthropometric data describing the range of human size, shape, strength, and reach. Understanding and explicitly managing user-applied forces, reaction forces, and the resulting motion constitute a large part of human factors engineering (HFE) in mechanical design. An important early step in mechanical HFE is to select the preferred grip or grips. Making invalid assumptions about how users will grip a product is a common error among designers. Human factors engineering may not yield a perfect solution, but by understanding and applying basic principles of human factors engineering throughout a project, designers can spare design iterations and establish a firm human factors foundation for their products.
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Cavalcante, Alexandre A. "A New Specimen Geometry for Evaluation of the Mechanical Orthotropic Properties Presented in Parts Printed by FDM." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39553.
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Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) by FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) has been increasingly adopted due to the low cost of 3D printers as an option capable of producing parts with complex geometries. Since the FDM process is a layer-by-layer manufacturing method, the characterization of the behavior of parts manufactured by this technology, especially with regard to anisotropic mechanical properties, has led to many works relating printing parameters with tensile strength. However, the use of specimens with the conventional flat "dog bone" and cylindrical geometries specified in the ASTM-638 standards do not perfectly suit the special characteristics of parts produced by FDM, since these standards were created for solid and isotropic materials. A new geometry for specimens printed in FDM to study anisotropy transverse to layer deposition is suggested in this work. Problems such as slippage and crushing in the grips of the test machines due to the fragility of the bound between the beds, as well as the appearance of lateral forces that distort the results due to misalignment of the tensile load, twists and curvature of the specimens, normally observed in the Strain measurements by extensometers, are suppressed with the adoption of the new geometry presented in this work. Keywords: Fused Deposition Modeling, Additive Manufacturing, Mechanical Strength, Tensile Testing, Specimen Geometry
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Stepanova, L. N., and V. V. Chernova. "ACOUSTIC EMISSION CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF DESTRUCTION OF SAMPLES FROM CARBON PLASTIC DURING STATIC LOAD, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 252 (2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.06.pp.034-041.
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Strength tests of T800 carbon-fiber specimens with geometrical dimensions 100×600×0.9 mm were performed. The CFRP material used a stacking of nine mono-layers [±45/90/03/90/±45]. In the central part of the samples, a stress concentrator was placed in the form of a hole with a diameter of 12 mm. The loading with a static tensile load was carried out by the loading machine MTS-100 with hydraulic grips. Simultaneously with static loading, the sample was affected by positive (+20; +100 °С) or negative (–20; –40; –60 °С) temperatures. Registration information was carried out using the method of acoustic emission (AE). In the process of loading the samples, the effect of static load and temperature on the main informative parameters (amplitude, dominant frequency, structural coefficient) of AE signals recorded during the loading of samples was studied. The structure coefficient, reflecting the energy at one frequency, and the coefficient, calculated as a partial energy, were compare.
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Rajan, Amitabh. "Institutional Dynamics of Governance Reform in India (1991–2016)." Indian Journal of Public Administration 63, no. 1 (March 2017): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556116689765.
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Loss of governance reform efficacy is an identified entrenched institutional problem in systems. Reform, anywhere, is a sticky material because holders of powers and their cronies have rarely shown altruistic intentions of relaxing their profiteering grips over resources. Instead, they have done their best to retain, defend and preach status quo; howsoever ossified or inhuman in form. Under these circumstances, governance reforms surface under fiscal compulsions, public order implications and/or interventions from the judiciary. This article takes up the case of India, a country where power holding, too, has been a compulsive exercise of mediation on such matters. To examine efficacy, it goes into the institutional dynamics of textual politics in course correction and process implementation. The case is built up on the strength of evidence from economic reforms, administrative reforms, police reforms, devolution strategies and corporate governance reforms during the past 25 years. The article highlights discourse ethics and concludes with a heuristic intent.
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Saeterbakken, Atle Hole, Nicolay Stien, Helene Pedersen, Tom Erik Jorung Solstad, Kristoffer Toldnes Cumming, and Vidar Andersen. "The Effect of Grip Width on Muscle Strength and Electromyographic Activity in Bench Press among Novice- and Resistance-Trained Men." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126444.
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Background: This study compared the muscle activity and six repetition maximum (6-RM) loads in bench press with narrow, medium, and wide grip widths with sub-group comparisons of resistance-trained (RT) and novice-trained (NT) men. Methods: After two familiarization sessions, twenty-eight subjects lifted their 6-RM loads with the different grip widths with measurement of electromyographic activity. Results: Biceps brachii activity increased with increasing grip width, whereas wide grip displayed lower triceps brachii activation than medium and narrow. In the anterior deltoid, greater activity was observed using a medium compared to narrow grip. Similar muscle activities were observed between the grip widths for the other muscles. For the RT group, greater biceps brachii activity with increasing grip width was observed, but only greater activity was observed in the NT group between narrow and wide. Comparing wide and medium grip width, the RT group showed lower triceps activation using a wide grip, whereas the NT group showed lower anterior deltoid activation using a narrow compared to medium grip. Both groups demonstrated lower 6-RM loads using a narrow grip compared to the other grips. Conclusion: Grip widths affect both 6-RM loads and triceps brachii, biceps brachii, and anterior deltoid activity especially between wide and narrow grip widths.
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Strasser, Helmut, and Baoquiu Wang. "Screwdriver torque strength and physiological cost of muscles dependent on hand preference and direction of rotation." Occupational Ergonomics 1, no. 1 (January 31, 1998): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-1998-1103.
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The focus of this research was to investigate how maximum torque and muscle forces were affected by pronation and supination, i.e., inward and outward rotation of the forearm in a series of screwdriver tests with 6 varied handles. Consecutively, maximum torque for pronation and supination was determined, submaximum isometric levels of torque were demanded, and, finally, an equal dynamic screwing work for all subjects was simulated. Physiological cost of performance was simultaneously measured by registrations of electromyographic activities (EA) from 4 muscles, which were expected to be involved intensively in screwing tasks. Significant and essential differences between maximum torque values produced by pronation and supination of the right and the left arm of the mainly right-handed subjects were found. For clockwise work, as it is necessary e.g., for driving in screws, inward rotations (pronations) of the nondominant hand are at least as strong as outward rotations of the dominant hand. Differences of about 8% favour of pronations were found. Yet, for counter clockwise work involved e.g., in removing a tightened screw, inward rotations of the dominant hand yielded a much more stronger torque strength than outward rotations of the nondominant hand. Differences of more than 50% right-handed subjects were measured. Also, EA values of the 4 muscles monitored on the right arm differed significantly. Systematically operational and physiological differences due to the varied screwdriver grips, as results of investigations which were not the main objective of the study, corresponded well with the findings of prior studies.
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Zerdzicki, Krzysztof, Pawel Lemski, Pawel Klosowski, Andrzej Skorek, Marcin Zmuda Trzebiatowski, and Mateusz Koberda. "Tensile modulus of human orbital wall bones cut in sagittal and coronal planes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): e0259363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259363.
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In the current research, 68 specimens of orbital superior and/or medial walls taken from 33 human cadavers (12 females, 21 males) were subjected to uniaxial tension untill fracture. The samples were cut in the coronal (38 specimens) and sagittal (30 specimens) planes of the orbital wall. Apparent density (ρapp), tensile Young’s modulus (E-modulus) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were identified. Innovative test protocols were used to minimize artifacts and analyze the obtained data: (1) grips dedicated to non-symmetrical samples clamping were applied for mechanical testing, (2) non-contact measuring system of video-extensometer was employed for displacement registration, (3) ink imprint technique coupled with CAD analysis was applied to precisely access the cross-sectional areas of tested samples. With regard to a pooled group, apparent density for the coronal and sagittal cut plane was equal 1.53 g/cm3 and 1.57 g/cm3, tensile Young’s modulus 2.36 GPa and 2.14 GPa, and ultimate tensile strength 12.66 MPa and 14.35 MPa, respectively. No significant statistical differences (p > 0.05) were found for all the analyzed parameters when comparing coronal and sagittal plane cut groups. These observations confirmed the hypothesis that direction of sample cut does not affect the mechanical response of the orbital wall tissue, thus suggesting that mechanical properties of orbital wall bone show isotropic character.
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Nitz, JC, YR Burns, and RV Jackson. "A longitudinal physical profile assessment of skeletal muscle manifestations in myotonic dystrophy." Clinical Rehabilitation 13, no. 1_suppl (January 1999): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921559901300109.
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Objectives: To develop an assessment that describes the skeletal muscle manifestations in myotonic dystrophy subjects and then use it to quantify the presentation of skeletal muscle disability and to show change over time. Design: A quantified skeletal muscle assessment was developed and applied three times over a two-year period at intervals around 12 months. Thirty-six subjects with myotonic dystrophy and 20 subjects without neuromuscular disability were evaluated. The assessment comprised manual muscle testing of five pairs of muscles, measuring neck flexor strength with a strain gauge, respiratory function tests, power and lateral pinch grip strength, all tests of impairment. Assessment of the ability to move from sitting to standing and fasten buttons tested disability. Results: Results from subjects with myotonic dystrophy were compared to the normal data. The subjects with myotonic dystrophy were significantly weaker in proximal upper limb muscles, quadriceps, tibialis anterior muscles and neck flexor muscles as well as power and lateral pinch grips. There was also significant reduction in forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Significant disability was seen in the myotonics in moving from sitting to standing and in fastening buttons. Over the two-year study period proximal upper limb and lower limb muscle strength, FVC and sit-to-stand ability declined significantly. Power grip declined but lateral pinch grip and FEV1 improved significantly. Button fastening ability improved significantly. Conclusion: The test developed was shown to be reliable and sensitive to the change in skeletal muscle manifestations in subjects with myotonic dystrophy who were shown to be significantly weaker than normal subjects.
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Minasov, B. Sh, I. Z. Garapov, E. M. Biktasheva, M. M. Valeev, R. R. Iakupov, T. B. Minasov, and T. R. Mavliutov. "Results of the second toe autotransplantation for thumb reconstruction." Genij Ortopedii 28, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2022-28-1-34-38.
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Defects of the thumb negatively impact physical and mental health, lead to depression, inferiority complex and hopelessness in the future. The aim of the study was to explore long-term results of thumb reconstruction using autologous transplantation of the second toe with microvascular anastomoses. Material and methods Second toe transplantation for thumb reconstruction was performed for 54 patients. There were 48 male and 6 female patients aged from 12 to 55 years. When analyzing the long-term results of surgical treatment of patients. The anatomy and functionality of the repaired finger was evaluated at a long term measuring the range of motion in the joints, muscle strength of the hand and major types of hand grips. Results The autograft completely healed with opposition of the reconstructed thumb and the rest fingers restored in 51 patients. The autograft failed in three cases treated with less functional methods. Conclusion Microsurgical reconstruction technologies used for a lost thumb facilitated rapid recovery of the finger and significantly improved functions of the injured hand as an entity. Free second toe transplantation using microvascular anastomoses for the thumb reconstruction allowed the patient regain basic gripping functions and improve cosmesis of the injured hand.
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Chen, Yi-Ju, Rathinasamy Baskaran, Marthandam Asokan Shibu, and Wan-Teng Lin. "Anti-Fatigue and Exercise Performance Improvement Effect of Glossogyne tenuifolia Extract in Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051011.
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Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) is a native perennial plant growing across the coastline areas in Taiwan. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of GT extract in ameliorating physical fatigue during exercise and increasing exercise performance. Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly segregated into five groups (n = 10) to GT extract orally for 4 weeks, at different concentrations (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW/day): LGT 1X, MGT 2X, HGT 5X, and HGT 10X groups. Forelimb grip strength, endurance swimming time, serum biochemical marker levels, blood lipid profile and histological analysis of various organs were performed to assess the anti-fatigue effect and exercise performance of GT extract. The forelimb-grips strength and endurance-swimming time of GT-administered mice were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control. Serum glucose, creatine kinase, and lactate levels were increased significantly in the HGT 10X group. Liver marker serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) was increased in the HGT 5X and HGT 10X groups, whereas Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) was not altered. Renal markers, creatinine and uric acid levels, were not altered. Muscle and hepatic glycogen levels, which are essential for energy sources during exercise, were also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in all GT extract groups. No visible histological aberrations were observed in the vital organs after GT extract administration. The supplementation with GT extract could have beneficial effects on exercise performance and anti-fatigue function without toxicity at a higher dose.
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Mariyanto, Qori, Handa Yani, and Wesiana Herisanti. "The Effect Of Combination Spherical Grip And Kinesio Taping Exercise To Enhance Of Muscle Strength In Ischemic Stroke Patients In Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2018.6(2).29-39.
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<p>Ischemic stroke patients are the main problem that occurs when disruption of cerebral blood flow. Data Global Burden Disease shows that all populations obtained 80% ischemic stroke and 20% hemorrhagic stroke with physical mobility barriers namely muscle weakness obtained 58%. Nursing actions that can be done, one of which is by giving activity to stroke patients who are useful to increase cerebral blood flow. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of spherical grip exercise and<em> Kinesiotaping</em> to the muscle strength of ischemic stroke patients in Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya.</p><p>This research is designed by <em>Quasi Experiment </em>with approach <em>pre post test control group design</em>. All populations are ischemic stroke patients in the azzahra room 1 as many as 41 people, a sample of 38 respondents divided into 19 treatment and control groups. In the intervention group was given a combination of Spherical Grip and Kinesiotaping Exercise for 20 minutes twice a day for 3 weeks. Whereas in the control group was given training accordance with Hospital procedures. Statistical analysis used <em>Wilcoxon signed rank test</em> and <em>Mann-Whitney</em>α test< 0,05.</p><p>The results of this study indicated that the mean increase in muscle constriction in the intervention group 2.83, and a big control group is 1.10. Analysis with <em>Mann Whitney </em>showed <em>p</em>= 0.000. So that H0 rejected this means that there is an effect of a combination of Spherical Grip and Kinesiotaping exercises on increasing muscle strength in ischemic stroke patients in Jemursari Islamic hospitals.</p><p>The combination of Spherical Grip and Kinesiotaping exercises that are routinely performed can increase muscle strength, resulting in increased muscle strength in ischemic stroke patients. Nurses need to apply Spherical Grips and Kinesiotaping to ischemic stroke patients in the rehabilitation phase.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong> : Ischemic stroke, <em>Spherical Grip</em> and <em>Kinesiotaping</em>, Muscle Strength.</p><p> </p>
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Wolny, Tomasz, and Pawel Linek. "Is manual therapy based on neurodynamic techniques effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? A randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518805213.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of manual therapy based on neurodynamic techniques in conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Several medical outpatient clinics in the south of Poland. Participants: The study included 103 patients with mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (mean age = 53.95, SD = 9.5) years, who were randomly assigned to a neurodynamic techniques group (experimental group, n = 58) or a group without treatment (control group, n = 45). Intervention: Neurodynamic techniques were used in the experimental group. Treatment was conducted twice weekly (20 sessions). Control group did not receive treatment. Main measures: Nerve conduction study, pain, symptom severity and functional status of Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, and strength of cylindrical and pincer grips were assessed at baseline and immediately after treatment (nerve conduction study one month after treatment). Results: Baseline assessment revealed no group differences in any assessed parameters ( P > 0.05). There were significant differences between groups after treatment, including nerve conduction (e.g. sensory conduction velocity: experimental group: 38.3 m/s, SD = 11.1 vs control group: 25.9 m/s, SD = 7.72, P < 0.01). Significant changes also occurred in pain (experimental group: 1.38, SD = 1.01 vs control group: 5.46, SD = 1.05, P < 0.01), symptom severity (experimental group: 1.08, SD = 0.46 vs control group: 2.87, SD = 0.68, P < 0.01), and functional status (experimental group: 1.96, SD = 0.64 vs control group: 2.87, SD = 1.12, P < 0.01). There were no group differences in strength ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of neurodynamic techniques in conservative treatment for mild to moderate forms of carpal tunnel syndrome has significant therapeutic benefits.
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Schechtman, H., and D. L. Bader. "Dynamic Characterization of Human Tendons." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 208, no. 4 (December 1994): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_294_02.
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Human tendons were tested in uniaxial tension with the use of specially designed grips and the local measurement of tendon cross-sectional area. The resulting stress-strain relationship was non-linear in form, with the modulus of elasticity initially increasing to a constant value which decreased as the tendon failed. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for the extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus tendons were 99.9 ± 12.2 MPa and 87.1 ± 125 MPa, respectively. Dynamic characterization of those tendon specimens was achieved by the method of forced oscillations using dedicated software on a hydraulic testing machine. Specimens were subjected to cyclic tension-tension loads at frequencies in the physiological range of 1–4 Hz. The sta*** load was set at values corresponding to prescribed levels between 10 and 80 per cent of the calculated UTS. Results suggest that both the dynamic modulus and the storage modulus were non-linearly proportional to the mean static stress level reaching a peak value at 60 per cent UTS, whereas the loss modulus was independent of the mean static stress. All three dynamic parameters were generally independent of frequency. The trends in the dynamic parameters were explained in terms of the loading/unloading response of tendons, as well as the structural organization of their collagen fibres.
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O., Carvajal-Fernández, Álvarez Prats D., and Pérez Mallada N. "Changes in isometric quadriceps strength after the application of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation. A case study." Revista Fisioterapia Invasiva / Journal of Invasive Techniques in Physical Therapy 02, no. 02 (December 2019): 076–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401859.
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Abstract Background Ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation (US-guided PNM) is an invasive physiotherapy technique which is employed for neurofunctional improvement and treatment of pain. To date, no study has related this technique with muscle stimulation and dynamometry changes. Within the functional assessment tools, dynamometry tests were performed with devices which enable the calculation of variables related with isometric and isokinetic movement. Aim To assess the changes in maximum isometric strength after the application of US-guided PNM. Material and Methods A retrospective case study comprising 13 subjects (26 lower limbs) receiving US-guided PNM, with pre and post-intervention measurements.The inclusion criteria comprised subjects without pain at the time of study, with coefficients of variation (COV) below 15% and in the process of improving loading work. We excluded subjects with pathology provoking pain at the time of the measurements and with contraindications for dynamometry or US-guided PNM. An isometricmeasurement was performed using the KINEO dynamometry system with 90° hip flexion and 45° knee extension, without strapping and with manual grips in lateral supports of the system. The lever arm was placed at 2 cm of the malleoli in the ventral aspect without strapping the ankle and a pre-intervention measurement was performed of the maximum isometric strength based on a mean of 3 repetitions (3 seconds' contraction and 6 seconds' relaxation). Subsequently, the US-guided PNM technique was performed on the femoral nerve, using the Physio Invasiva device and the PES modality (10 Hz frequency, 240 μs pulse width). Ten maximal and pain free stimulations were performed lasting 10 seconds each, with a 10 second rest between each contraction. After the intervention, a post intervention measurement was performed, in the same manner as the previous measurement. Results In total, 13 volunteer subjects participated in the study, aged between 27 and 59 years, of which, 2 were women and 11 were men. After the application of US-guided PNM on the femoral nerve, changes were observed in the maximum mean isometric strength of the quadriceps, which increased from 26.75 kg in the pre-intervention mean with a standard deviation of 7.42 kg to 30.05 kg for the post-intervention mean, with a standard deviation of 9.23 kg. The results were statistically significant with p < 0.000. Conclusion US-guided PNM applied to the femoral nerve is able to produce changes in maximum isometric strength measured using dynamometry.
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Afandiyev, Emin Musa, and Mahammadali Nuraddin Nuriyev. "ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION OF A PIPE FIXED IN A CLAMPING DEVICE." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001587.
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Due to the fact that clamping devices are widely used in various industries, the requirements for the operation of such devices are constantly increasing. This is due to an increase in the general requirements for processing accuracy, as well as an increase in the forces acting on the clamped part. The reliability of these devices when working with thin-walled cylindrical parts is of great importance.
Thin-walled cylinders used in mechanical engineering are subject to significant loads. With prolonged exposure to loads from clamping forces, as well as from axial tensile forces, plastic deformations of cylindrical parts occur. In the oil and gas industry, when clamping drill and casing pipes in some areas in the capture zone, stresses exceed the yield strength. Multiple clamping of the pipe will reduce the pipe wall in the gripping area, which causes premature pipe failure. Therefore, increasing the holding capacity of clamping mechanisms is relevant.
Analysis of broken drill pipes, which have been operating in wedge grips for a long time, showed that in most cases the pipes undergo plastic deformation caused by damage to the pipe surface by the teeth of the ram. To clarify the actual conditions of loading the pipe and the possibilities of increasing the capacity of the clamping devices, studies of the contact pressures in the clamping zone were carried out.
A new pipe clamping chuck is also presented, which provides a sufficiently high reliability of fastening of cylindrical parts.
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Szczechowicz, Jakub, Krzysztof Jamka, and Marek Pieniążek. "Comparison of impairment and restitution of hand function in a group of patients with total damage to the extensor pollicis longus and in a group of patients with damage to the flexor pollicis longus tendon after surgical treatment." Rehabilitacja Medyczna 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5009.
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The thumb constitutes 40% of the whole hand function, and damage to the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and/or the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendons of the thumb results in its significant limitation. The main factors contributing to damage of the EPL and/or FPL tendons are mechanical injuries - cuts and spontaneous ruptures. The aim of the study was to compare values of thumb and whole hand function loss and restoration as a result of the implemented physical therapy in patients with total damage to the EPL tendon with the values obtained by the study group 2 comprised of patients with damage to the FPL tendon. The study involved 25 patients of the Specialized Hand Therapy Center in Krakow. 15 of them had ruptured continuity of the EPL tendon (study group), and 10 suffered damage to the FPL tendons (control group). The study included measurements of active motion of the thumb and wrist and superficial sensation. On the basis of these tests, functional impairment was measured using the methodology according to Swanson. The study included assessment of muscle strength in terms of global and precision grips using a dynamometer. Statistically signifcant functional improvement was noted for the thumb and whole hand as well as muscle strength in both groups. The values of functional loss differed between the two groups. The indicators of functional improvement were greater in patients with damage to the EPL tendon. Functional physical therapy is an important factor determining the return of function in the thumb and whole hand after total damage to the EPL and FPL tendons. Szczechowicz J., Jamka K., Pieniążek M. Comparison of impairment and restitution of hand function in a group of patients with total damage to the extensor pollicis longus and in a group of patients with damage to the flexor pollicis longus tendon after surgical treatment. Med Rehabil 2016; 20(3): 5-12. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.5009