Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grip pattern'
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1
Mohan, Deepak. "Real-time detection of grip length deviation for fastening operations: a Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (MTS) based approach." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/DeepakMohanThesisFinal_09007dcc80410b1d.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 24, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Gomes, Maria Cecília. "Pattern Operators for Grid Environments." Doctoral thesis, FCT - UNL, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/1522.
Full textAbstract:
The definition and programming of distributed applications has become a major research
issue due to the increasing availability of (large scale) distributed platforms
and the requirements posed by the economical globalization. However, such a task
requires a huge effort due to the complexity of the distributed environments: large
amount of users may communicate and share information across different authority
domains; moreover, the “execution environment” or “computations” are dynamic
since the number of users and the computational infrastructure change in time. Grid
environments, in particular, promise to be an answer to deal with such complexity, by
providing high performance execution support to large amount of users, and resource
sharing across different organizations. Nevertheless, programming in Grid environments
is still a difficult task. There is a lack of high level programming paradigms
and support tools that may guide the application developer and allow reusability of
state-of-the-art solutions.
Specifically, the main goal of the work presented in this thesis is to contribute to
the simplification of the development cycle of applications for Grid environments by
bringing structure and flexibility to three stages of that cycle through a commonmodel.
The stages are: the design phase, the execution phase, and the reconfiguration phase.
The common model is based on the manipulation of patterns through pattern operators,
and the division of both patterns and operators into two categories, namely
structural and behavioural. Moreover, both structural and behavioural patterns are
first class entities at each of the aforesaid stages. At the design phase, patterns can
be manipulated like other first class entities such as components. This allows a more
structured way to build applications by reusing and composing state-of-the-art patterns.
At the execution phase, patterns are units of execution control: it is possible, for
example, to start or stop and to resume the execution of a pattern as a single entity. At
the reconfiguration phase, patterns can also be manipulated as single entities with the
additional advantage that it is possible to perform a structural reconfiguration while
keeping some of the behavioural constraints, and vice-versa. For example, it is possible
to replace a behavioural pattern, which was applied to some structural pattern,
with another behavioural pattern.
In this thesis, besides the proposal of the methodology for distributed application
development, as sketched above, a definition of a relevant set of pattern operators
was made. The methodology and the expressivity of the pattern operators were assessed
through the development of several representative distributed applications. To
support this validation, a prototype was designed and implemented, encompassing
some relevant patterns and a significant part of the patterns operators defined. This
prototype was based in the Triana environment; Triana supports the development and
deployment of distributed applications in the Grid through a dataflow-based programming
model. Additionally, this thesis also presents the analysis of a mapping of some
operators for execution control onto the Distributed Resource Management Application
API (DRMAA).
This assessment confirmed the suitability of the proposed model, as well as the
generality and flexibility of the defined pattern operatorsDepartamento de Informática and Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Centro de Informática e Tecnologias da Informação of the FCT/UNL; Reitoria da Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Distributed Collaborative Computing Group, Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia; Instituto de Cooperação Científica e Tecnológica Internacional; French Embassy in Portugal; European Union Commission through the Agentcities.NET and Coordina projects; and the European Science Foundation, EURESCO.
3
Vialaneix, Guillaume. "Algorithmes parallèles de manipulation de maillages." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0068/document.
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Nous traitons dans cette thèse des différents aspects de la manipulation de maillages, et de la façon dont ces opérations peuvent être effectuées en parallèle, ou en mémoire distribuée, à l’heure où les GPUs comme les super-calculateurs deviennent de plus en plus utilisés. Ainsi, nous présentons des algorithmes de lissage surfacique et volumique, inspirés d’algorithmes de traitement d’images (filtre bilatéral, histogrammes locaux). Après ces manipulations de géométrie, nous abordons des problématiques topologiques comme le remaillage local, dans le but de générer, à partir d’un maillage tétraédrique, une couche limite de cellules prismatiques et hexaédriques de bonne qualité, permettant des simulations de mécanique des fluides dans ces ones proches de la surface. Enfin, nous décrivons une technique de maillage basée sur des interactions particulaires, permettant de générer des maillages à dominante quadrangulaireThis thesis deals with different aspects of mesh processing, and the way those operations can be done in parallel, or using distributed memory, when GPUs and supercomputers are more and more commonly used. We present surfacic and volumetric mesh smoothing algorithms, based upon image processing techniques (bilateral filter, local histograms). After those geometric considerations, we talk about topologic methods, as local remeshing, enabling one to generate, from a tetrahedral mesh, one layer of good quality prisms and hexahedron, allowing fluid mechanics simulations in those near-surface areas. Finally, we present a meshing technique based upon particular interactions, in order to construct quad-dominant meshes
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Khouri, Noor K. "Structural grid shell design with Islamic pattern topologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111282.
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Thesis: S.M. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84).
Geometric patterns, pioneered centuries ago as a dominant form of ornamentation in Islamic architecture, represent an abundant source of possible topologies and geometries that can be explored in the preliminary design of discrete structures. This diverse design space motivates the coupling between Islamic patterns and the form finding of funicular grid shells for which structural performance is highly affected by topology and geometry. This thesis examines one such pattern through a parametric, performance-driven framework in the context of conceptual design, when many alternatives are being considered. Form finding is conducted via the force density method, which is augmented with the addition of a force density optimization loop to enable grid shell height selection. A further modification allows for force densities to be scaled according to the initial member lengths, introducing sensitivity to pattern geometry in the final form-found structures. The results attest to the viable synergy between architectural and structural objectives through grid shells that perform as well as, or better than, quadrilateral grid shells. Historic and cultural patterns therefore present design opportunities that both expand the conventional grid shell design vocabulary and offer designers an alternative means of referencing vernacular traditions in the modern built environment, through a structural engineering lens. Key words: grid shell, structural topology, Islamic pattern, parametric design, performance driven design, force density method, form finding.
by Noor K. Khouri.
S.M. in Building Technology
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Spiridonov, Alexey. "Pattern-avoidance in binary fillings of grid shapes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50597.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
A grid shape is a set of boxes chosen from a square grid; any Young diagram is an example. We consider a notion of pattern-avoidance for 0-1 fillings of grid shapes, which generalizes permutation pattern-avoidance. A filling avoids a set of patterns if none of its sub-shapes, obtained by removing some rows and columns, equal any of the patterns. We focus on patterns that are pairs of 2 x 2 fillings. Totally nonnegative Grassmann cells are in bijection with Young shape fillings that avoid particular 2 x 2 pair, which are, in turn, equinumerous with fillings avoiding another 2 x 2 pair. The latter ones correspond to acyclic orientations of the shape's bipartite graph. Motivated by this result, due to Postnikov and Williams, we prove a number of such analogs of Wilf-equivalence for these objects - that is, we show that, in certain classes of shapes, some pattern-avoiding fillings are equinumerous with others. The equivalences in this paper follow from two very different bijections, and from a family of recurrences generalizing results of Postnikov and Williams. We used a computer to test each of the described equivalences on a diverse set of shapes. All our results are nearly tight, in the sense that we found no natural families of shapes, in which the equivalences hold, but the results' hypotheses do not. One of these bijections gives rise to some new combinatorics on tilings of skew Young shapes with rectangles, which we name Popeye diagrams. In a special case, they are exactly Hugh Thomas's snug partitions for d = 2. We show that Popeye diagrams are a lattice, and, moreover, each diagram is a sublattice of the Tamari lattice. We also give a simple enumerative result.
by Alexey Spiridonov.
Ph.D.
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Cuthill, Fergus. "The influence of snow microstructure and properties on the grip of winter tyres." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29534.
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The friction of tyres on roads has been of practical importance for many years with nearly 80% of terrestrial traffic making use of rubber tyres. Tyres provide the grip required for vehicle acceleration, braking and cornering. In order for a tyre to grip on a snow covered surface friction mechanisms such as “ploughing”, (where sharp tread block edges dig into and break bonds between the snow grains) and fluid film lubrication must be considered. These are not present when a tyre interacts with tarmac. In addition metamorphism of the snow over time can result in variations of the structure and mechanical properties, this can occur rapidly especially when dealing with temperatures close to snows melting point. When full car-scale outdoor testing is carried out the snow conditions cannot be controlled and vary daily. This means the snow properties must be measured every day so that any observed variations in friction can be attributed to the tyres rather than the snow. At present the simple measurements being carried out on the snow tracks have not proved sufficient to pick up on the variations in the snow. This leads to inconsistent results: one tyre behaves differently on two different days, even though the snow was measured to be the same. This has resulted in the need for further study of the way snow variations influence the grip of winter tyres. The primary aim of this study is to identify which snow properties contribute to the friction of tyres on snow and be able to estimate the friction from measurements of snow properties. This work is the first comprehensive study to combine: multiple snow properties, microstructure characterisation, measurement of friction behaviour and different snow (both artificial and natural). In order to study the way snow affects the grip of winter tyres, methods of manufacturing artificial snow with consistent mechanical properties and microstructure are used. A method of blending ice chips (a solid state fracturing process) and compressing the resulting snow to form a test track was developed during a previous PhD carried out in our group. An alternate snow microstructure was created by using an established process of creating snow by vapour deposition. The process was simplified and downscaled, the resulting snow consisted of large dendritic grains, very different to the blended ice chips. Both snows were pressed in identical manners to create snow testing tracks. In addition, natural snow collected from the field was tested to compare with the artificial snow. In order to investigate how the variations in the snow affected the friction of tyres extensive testing was carried out in a cold room using a linear tribometer, using procedures established in previous studies. Two analytical rubber samples were used to investigate the friction, a rounded edge sample and a siped sample. Testing was carried out at -10°C at speeds of 0.01m/s, 0.1m/s and 1m/s. A significant part of this PhD involved the development of new methods and equipment which have not been used to study snow in this way before. In order to characterise mechanical properties, shear testing, compression testing and cohesion testing were carried out. To investigate snow microstructure, surface profilometry, microscopy and X-ray microtomography were used. Correlating the changes observed in snow characteristics with the changes recorded in the coefficient of friction has allowed the development of an empirical equation. This can be used to predict the coefficient of friction of a given snow based on three relatively simple snow measurements: a compression test to calculate the effective modulus, a roughness measurement to calculate the peak count density and a snow penetration test. For the first time this study allows us to use the empirical equation to estimate the relative contributions of the ploughing and surface friction mechanisms to the total friction. This allows the comparison of full car-scale test data as it is now possible to account for variations in the snow test tracks.
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Moraal, Reinart Johan. "Pattern synthesis and design of a microstrip wire grid monopulse antenna." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62783.
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The design of a monopulse microstrip wire grid antenna array is presented with simultaneously low side lobe levels in the sum pattern as well as both azimuth difference and elevation difference patterns. Monopulse antennas are a class of antennas used for direction finding in radar systems, and the control of side lobe levels is important to help with clutter rejection. The microstrip wire grid array is ideally suited to monopulse applications, and it has been shown in the literature that side lobes can be lowered by implementing an excitation taper across the aperture. Although it has been demonstrated in the literature that side lobes could be lowered for the sum pattern by applying a Taylor taper to the element excitation, it has not been shown that the antenna can be designed to produce an exact side lobe level. This work develops a synthesis method to design an excitation taper that would produce simultaneously low side lobes for the sum and both difference patterns. The resulting side lobe levels are a compromise between the patterns, since it is not possible to have arbitrarily low side lobe levels in all the antenna patterns without using complex feed structures and incorporating sub-arraying. This is true for monopulse antennas in general. The result of this work shows that it is quite difficult to achieve an exact side lobe requirement with a specific excitation taper, since mutual coupling and the current distribution at the feed affect the current distribution across the entire antenna in different ways depending on the antenna mode, or pattern generated.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Yaka, Cane. "Studies of axonal regeneration on a grid pattern of extracellular matrix proteins." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-205230.
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Nigri, Simone. "Ottimizzatore per configurazione automatica di algoritmi di pattern matching." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
Il tema del riconoscimento di oggetti, siano essi microscopici componenti in grandi catene di assemblaggio o segnali grafici posti su pacchi in spedizione, è uno degli argomenti più rilevanti all'interno del vasto mondo racchiuso nel settore interdisciplinare rappresentato da Computer Vision, inerente all'analisi di immagini al fine di estrapolarne informazioni.
Nonostante ciò, l'utilizzo e la configurazione di strumenti (o tool) il cui obiettivo è esattamente quello di rilevare particolari modelli noti a priori in diverse immagini, potrebbe essere un compito particolarmente arduo per un utente medio senza preventiva conoscenza in tale ambito.
Al fine di aiutare e guidare tale settore di utenza, lo scopo dell'elaborato sviluppato è, quindi, quello di creare un sistema di ottimizzazione automatica del processo di configurazione di strumenti dediti al Pattern Matching, considerando come study-case il setup del componente software Pattern Sort gentilmente messo a disposizione da Datalogic S.p.A.
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Shin, Sangmook. "Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Computation of Tip Clearance Flow in a Compressor Cascade Using an Unstructured Grid." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28947.
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A three-dimensional unstructured incompressible RANS code has been developed using artificial compressibility and Spalart-Allmaras eddy viscosity model. A node-based finite volume method is used in which all flow variables are defined at the vertices of tetrahedrons in an unstructured grid. The inviscid fluxes are computed by using the Roe's flux difference splitting method, and higher order accuracy is attained by data reconstruction based on Taylor series expansion. Gauss theorem is used to formulate necessary gradients. For time integration, an implicit scheme based on linearized Euler backward method is used.
A tetrahedral unstructured grid generation code has been also developed and applied to the tip clearance flow in a highly staggered cascade. Surface grids are first generated in the flow passage and blade tip by using several triangulation methods including Delaunay triangulation, advancing front method and advancing layer method. Then the whole computational domain including tip gap region is filled with prisms using the surface grids. Each prism is divided into three tetrahedrons. To accomplish this division in a consistent manner, connectivity pattern is assigned to each triangle in the surface grids. A new algorithm is devised to assign the connectivity pattern without reference to the particular method of triangulation. This technique offers great flexibility in surface grid generation.
The code has been validated by comparisons with available computational and experimental results for several test cases: invisicd flow around NACA section, laminar and turbulent flow over a flat plate, turbulent flow through double-circular arc cascade and laminar flow through a square duct with 90° bend. For the laminar flat plate case, the velocity profile and skin friction coefficient are in excellent agreement with Blasius solution. For the turbulent flat plate case, velocity profiles are in full agreement with the law of the wall up to Reynolds number of 1.0E8, however, the skin friction coefficient is under-predicted by about 10% in comparison with empirical formula. Blade loading for the two-dimensional circular arc cascade is also compared with experiments. The results obtained with the experimental inflow angle (51.5° ) show some discrepancies at the trailing edge and severely under-predict the suction peak at the leading edge. These discrepancies are completely remedied if the inflow angle is increased to 53.5° . The code is also capable of predicting the secondary flow in the square duct with 90° bend, and the velocity profiles are in good agreement with measurements and published Navier-Stokes computations.
Finally the code is applied to a linear cascade that has GE rotor B section with tip clearance and a high stagger angle of 56.9° . The overall structure of the tip clearance flow is well predicted. Loss of loading due to tip leakage flow and reloading due to tip leakage vortex are presented. On the end wall, separation line of the tip leakage vortex and reattachment line of passage vortex are identified. The location of the tip leakage vortex in the passage agrees very well with oil flow visualization. Separation bubble on the blade tip is also predicted. Mean streamwise velocity contours and cross sectional velocity vectors are compared with experimental results in the near wake, and good agreements are observed. It is concluded that Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is adequate for this type of flow field except at locations where the tip leakage vortex of one blade interacts with the wake of a following blade. This situation may prevail for blades with longer span and/or in the far wake. Prediction of such an interaction presents a challenge to RANS computations.
The effects of blade span on the flow structure have been also investigated. Two cascades with blades of aspect ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 are considered. By comparing pressure distributions on the blade, it is shown that the aspect ratio has strong effects on loading distribution on the blade although the tip gap height is very small (0.016 chord). Grid convergence study has been carried out with three different grids for pressure distributions and limiting streamlines on the end wall.Ph. D.
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Демська, А. І., В. В. Євсєєв, Т. А. Колесникова, and В. П. Ткаченко. "Methods and means of evaluation usability of human-machine interface." Thesis, Kaunas University of Applied Science, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/9241.
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For a achieving the real usability goal, the designer’s activity demands a additional toolkit for the quality evaluation of graphical and multimedia products, including quality from psychological and ergonomic standpoint. In this paper, an analysis of modern methods for assessing the effectiveness of websites was conducted and research development in the field of promotion of web-resources on the Internet was generalized. The methods of obtaining data for the quantitative assessment of visual perception, which can be used in the development of both information technology and personal identification technologies, are explored. It is revealed that with the use of cognitive technologies that take into account the peculiarities of person's visual perception of graphic information, it is possible to create effective tools and methods for the development of technological modules and completed application information systems. As a result of the work, an algorithm for improving the efficiency of UI web-systems was developed.
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Starkey, Jennifer. "House of Screens." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10090.
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A house in the mid-west located on the prairie.
A "get-away" from the busy city of Chicago, a place of quiet repose.
View of the horizontal is intensified by various planes of crops and the plinth.
Fields of crops descend in height to allow the house to rise up and breathe.
A simple grid provides inspiration and gives structure.
A house full of screens provides changing spaces and adjustable levels of privacy and protection.
Views of one screen layered with another provide changing patterns.Master of Architecture
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Thom, Alison Marie. "Form and Numbers: Mathematical Patterns and Ordering Elements in Design." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002969.
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Kasarkod, Jeevak. "A Configurable Job Submission and Scheduling System for the Grid." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34656.
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Grid computing provides the necessary infrastructure to pool together diverse and distributed resources interconnected by networks to provide a unified virtual computing resource view to the user. One of the important responsibilities of the grid software is resource management and techniques to allow the user to make optimal use of the resources for executing applications. In addition to the goals of minimizing job completion time and achieving good throughput there are other minimum requirements such as minimum memory and cpu requirements, choice of operating system, fine grained file access permissions etc. Currently such requirements are being fulfilled by resource brokers, which act as mediating agents between users and resource owners.
In this thesis we approach the resource brokering architectural issue in a different manner. Instead of a monolithic broker, which performs all the superscheduling functions we propose a Modular Framework based Architecture for Task Initiation and Scheduling (MFATIC) based on the three main stages in the superscheduling process.
There are three major goals of this research. The first aim is to develop a decoupled architectural model that not only provides a clear distinction in the responsibilities of each of the components but also provides the user the flexibility to replace one component with another functionally equivalent component. Secondly each of these components should be configurable and extensible to be able to accommodate user requirements. Finally, the design should enable the user to plug in modules within components of different deployments of the resource broker and thus promoting software reuse.Master of Science
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Dimble, Dipesh S. "Geometry modeling for patterned and repetitive configurations." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/dimble.pdf.
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De, Luca Silvia. "Studies of CMS data access patterns with machine learning techniques." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12021/.
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This thesis presents a study of the Grid data access patterns in distributed analysis in
the CMS experiment at the LHC accelerator.
This study ranges from the deep analysis of the historical patterns of access to the
most relevant data types in CMS, to the exploitation of a supervised Machine Learning classification system to set-up a machinery able to eventually predict future data access patterns - i.e. the so-called dataset “popularity” of the CMS datasets on the Grid - with focus on specific data types. All the CMS workflows run on the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WCG) computing centers (Tiers), and in particular the distributed analysis systems sustains hundreds of users and applications submitted every day. These applications (or “jobs”) access different data types hosted on disk storage systems at a large set of WLCG Tiers. The detailed study of how this data is accessed, in terms of data types, hosting Tiers, and different time periods, allows to gain precious insight on storage occupancy over time and different access patterns, and ultimately to extract suggested actions based on this information (e.g. targetted disk clean-up and/or data replication). In this sense, the application of Machine Learning techniques allows to learn from past data and to gain predictability potential for the future CMS data access patterns.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to High Energy Physics at the LHC.
Chapter 2 describes the CMS Computing Model, with special focus on the data management sector, also discussing the concept of dataset popularity.
Chapter 3 describes the study of CMS data access patterns with different depth levels.
Chapter 4 offers a brief introduction to basic machine learning concepts and gives an introduction to its application in CMS and discuss the results obtained by using this approach in the context of this thesis.
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Marsh, Hannah Eyre. "Beyond thick versus thin: mapping cranial vault thickness patterns in recent Homo sapiens." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2577.
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Cranial vault thickness (CVT) has been reported at many different osteometric landmarks and features on the vault. Historically, only a few landmarks are used, often bregma, lambda, vertex, and right and left euryon, and frequently comparisons are based only on “thick” versus “thin” to describe the vault overall. What is inherent in this strategy is the use of a few locations to characterize the entire vault. The problem remains that there is little information concerning CVT variation throughout an individual's vault, and the causes of variation within recent Homo sapiens important to investigating thickness variation between species in Homo. This work describes thickness variation over the entire superior vault and compares the sexes, age groups and populations in recent H. sapiens. A proportional grid is applied to the superior vault to measure thickness at 219 sampling points in a geographically diverse sample of recent H. sapiens. Thickness values are analyzed in their two-dimensional spatial relationships to determine patterns of vault thickness.
Males were identified to be thicker than females at more lateral locations and along the midsagittal plane, although this finding is not statistically significant. Individuals over the age of 45 years are found to be statistically significantly thicker than individuals younger than 31 years at more lateral locations of the vault. Aboriginal Australians are statistically significantly thicker at more lateral locations of the vault than any other populations, whereas Northern Canada/Greenland individuals were thinner than other populations at these locations. The trend of thicker vaults in the older age group and the Australians is identified across the vault, although is not statistically significant at more locations.
Several thickness patterns are identified. The boss thickening pattern is the most common pattern, followed by a midsagittal pattern, a posterior pattern, and an anterior pattern. Some specimens do not demonstrate thickness variation and are coded as undifferentiated. Each pattern is observed alone and in combination with others, signifying that pattern causes are not mutually exclusive. Boss thickening is interpreted as the result of passive bone thickening during normal bone and brain growth during fetal and adolescent development. The midsagittal thickness pattern coincides with inferred strain along the sagittal suture from nuchal muscle engagement during mastication.
Previous researchers have proposed adaptive explanations for thickness variation, such as protection from interpersonal violence; the patterns of cranial vault thickness reported here point to normal growth and development of the brain as a driving force, a relationship that could drive thickness variation in other Homo species. Comparing thickness at bregma, and the frontal and parietal eminences for recent H. sapiens and H. erectus, there is no statistical difference between African and Asian H. erectus, and between the on average thicker H. sapiens populations and H. erectus, based on published data. Future work will investigate the presence or absence of thickness patterns in these fossil species.
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Ni, Marcus. "Automated Hybrid Singularity Superposition and Anchored Grid Pattern BEM Algorithm for the Solution of the Inverse Geometric Problem." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5827.
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A method for solving the inverse geometrical problem is presented by reconstructing the unknown subsurface cavity geometry using boundary element methods, a genetic algorithm, and Nelder-Mead non-linear simplex optimization. The heat conduction problem is solved utilizing the boundary element method, which calculates the difference between the measured temperature at the exposed surface and the computed temperature under the current update of the unknown subsurface flaws and cavities. In a first step, clusters of singularities are utilized to solve the inverse problem and to identify the location of the centroid(s) of the subsurface cavity(ies)/flaw(s). In a second step, the reconstruction of the estimated cavity(ies)/flaw(s) geometry(ies) is accomplished by utilizing an anchored grid pattern upon which cubic spline knots are restricted to move in the search for unknown geometry. Solution of the inverse problem is achieved using a genetic algorithm accelerated with the Nelder-Mead non-linear simplex. To optimize the cubic spline interpolated geometry, the flux (Neumann) boundary conditions are minimized using a least squares functional. The automated algorithm successfully reconstructs single and multiple subsurface cavities within two dimensional mediums. The solver is also shown to accurately predict cavity geometries with random noise in the boundary condition measurements. Subsurface cavities can be difficult to detect based on their location. By applying different boundary conditions to the same geometry, more information is supplied at the boundary, and the subsurface cavity is easily detected despite its low heat signature effect at the boundaries. Extensions to three-dimensional applications are outlined.M.S.M.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering; Thermo-Fluids
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Vattekar, Erik. "Analysis and Model of Consumption Patterns and Solar Energy Potentials for Residential Area Smart Grid Cells." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26094.
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Meanwhile environmental concerns and global energy consumption continue to increase, the current ageing power distribution grid is becoming increasingly inefficient and unreliable. The vision of Smart Grid is to create a widely distributed energy supply infrastructure by means of information and communications technology (ICT). By incorporating ICT in all aspects of electricity delivery, generation and consumption the intention is to ensure a better match between supply and demand, while also easing the transition to increased use of renewable energy sources. This study explores the dynamics of electricity consumption in households and the potentials of photovoltaic energy generation in residential Smart Grid cells (microgrids). That is, by analysing actual consumption patterns and solar generation data, the aim is to investigate the potential benefits of distributed energy generation and storage in futuristic microgrids. Furthermore, by using the acquired dynamics of energy generation and consumption it is attempted to model autonomy in microgrids with purpose of shaving usage peaks and avoiding power outages by use of local generation and storage.
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Singh, Shailendra. "Smart Meters Big Data : Behavioral Analytics via Incremental Data Mining and Visualization." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35244.
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The big data framework applied to smart meters offers an exception platform for data-driven forecasting and decision making to achieve sustainable energy efficiency. Buying-in consumer confidence through respecting occupants' energy consumption behavior and preferences towards improved participation in various energy programs is imperative but difficult to obtain. The key elements for understanding and predicting household energy consumption are activities occupants perform, appliances and the times that appliances are used, and inter-appliance dependencies. This information can be extracted from the context rich big data from smart meters, although this is challenging because: (1) it is not trivial to mine complex interdependencies between appliances from multiple concurrent data streams; (2) it is difficult to derive accurate relationships between interval based events, where multiple appliance usage persist; (3) continuous generation of the energy consumption data can trigger changes in appliance associations with time and appliances. To overcome these challenges, we propose an unsupervised progressive incremental data mining technique using frequent pattern mining (appliance-appliance associations) and cluster analysis (appliance-time associations) coupled with a Bayesian network based prediction model. The proposed technique addresses the need to analyze temporal energy consumption patterns at the appliance level, which directly reflect consumers' behaviors and provide a basis for generalizing household energy models. Extensive experiments were performed on the model with real-world datasets and strong associations were discovered. The accuracy of the proposed model for predicting multiple appliances usage outperformed support vector machine during every stage while attaining accuracy of 81.65\%, 85.90\%, 89.58\% for 25\%, 50\% and 75\% of the training dataset size respectively. Moreover, accuracy results of 81.89\%, 75.88\%, 79.23\%, 74.74\%, and 72.81\% were obtained for short-term (hours), and long-term (day, week, month, and season) energy consumption forecasts, respectively.
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Sundborg, Bengt. "Energy Savings by Using Daylight for Basic Urban Shapes : With a Case Study of Three Different Street Types." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194385.
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During winter the sun is in short supply. But research at KTH shows that solar radiation can be facilitated while energy consumption for lighting is reduced. This provided that the buildings are appropriately designed. But, unfortunately, the sunlight is often not taken into account and the results are the opposite. The energy savings depend on good town planning where the daylight is accessible for longer periods of time during the day, both indoors and outdoors. Then, the periods of use for electric light will decrease. This research is one of the first studies which evaluate the savings in energy with electric lighting due to the use of daylight in urban planning. Three different patterns for street layouts are evaluated and discussed in this report. For example, with straight streets it is possible to save approximately 11 % of the electric energy for the exterior lighting compared to a bending street during twilight. However, it is possible to improve the daylight distribution with geometrical adjustments even along bending streets. Varying the height of the building along the street front and adding openings between the buildings can make for good daylight distribution, like in the strategic straight line format. The energy efficiency of the bending streets can be improved so the loss in energy efficiency compared to a straight street can be reduced from 11 % to 4 %, in a specific case. The energy savings are not so great that they alone can justify a specific street type. A number of other factors must also be considered, such as architectural style, uniformity and the building system. A long-term goal is practical guidelines for “better” geometry in urban design, taking into consideration the sun and daylight. The construction cost is not higher in such geometries than in conventional designs, since daylight is free. Therefore daylight can open up for new types of settlements with advantages as more space with more outlooks.QC 20161028
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Homlong, Siri. "The Language of Textiles : Description and Judgement on Textile Pattern Composition." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7216.
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Votano, Roberta Pia. "Geometric patterns of Villa Adriana, the case study of "piazza D'oro"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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The division between inspiration and technique is of very recent origin and is largely artificial. In buildings, science and art have always been united in the creative act. Not even the most narrow-minded aesthete or engineer can part the two without losing something. In Architecture, Epistéme and Téchne are com-
plementary aspects of the same questions; but there is no doubt that the history of Téchne has had more influence on the history of Epistéme, rather than the contrary. It is inevitable that philosophers should continue to be interested in me-
chanical concepts and historians of science to be concerned with obscure unscientific concepts. When studying Roman Architecture it is inevitable to find the interrelation between mathematical theories and geometrical shapes. The architect of ancient Rome developed a vibrant and enduring tradition, inspirig those who
followed in their profession even to the present day. The success of Roman Architecture is shown to rest on vigorous but at the same time devious synthesis of theory, beauty, content and practicality, but always maintaining the vital equilibrium between the mathematical rule and reality. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the concepts and application of Roman Designing, examining long-lasting debate over their conception and demonstrating how countless time despite the attentive
and precise project design based on mathematical calculations and geometrical shapes, the structures came to be modified in iteration after work on the site had begun. Unexpectedly also the glorious Romans Architecture ad to come to terms with the divide between ideal perfection and the tangible realities of contruction.
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Barat, Cécile. "Palpage virtuel : une nouvelle approche morphologique pour la mise en correspondance d’objets (Pattern Matching) dans les images à niveaux de gris." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4018.
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Ce travail de thèse propose en approche originale au problème de la mise en correspondance d’objets à niveaux de gris fondée su r un nouveau concept : le double palpage virtuel d’image (VDIP). Grâce à ce concept, plusieurs contributions au domaine sont apportées : - Une nouvelle transformée de mise en correspondance d’objets à niveaux de gris est présentée, offrant les propriétés théoriques suivantes : invariance par translation, invariance aux changements d’illumination ou de contraste, sélectivité, robustesse au bruit impulsionnel et facilité d’implémentation. Plusieurs déclinaisons de cette transformée sont proposées, adaptées à la détection de toutes les instances d’un même motif ou bien à celles de différents motifs simultanément. – L’intérêt des notions topologiques pour la comparaison d’images, outre la notion classique de métrique, est montré. La notion de voisinage est particulièrement mise en avant. Celle de jauge est introduite en traitement d’image. – Des liens entre différentes solutions mathématiques du traitement d’image au problème de mise en correspondance, relevant des domaines de la topologie et de la morphologie mathématique, sont mis en évidence. – VDIP est posé comme un cadre unificateur des ces méthodes existantes. – A partir de VDIP, une métrique morphologique (SVDIP) est définie. Des relations entre SVDIP, la métrique de Hausdorff et celle de la convergence uniforme sont établies. – Les opérateurs VDIP sont illustrés et comparés avec différentes méthodes sur plusieurs applications de domaines variés. Le formalisme développé est très général et ne se restreint pas à un type d’images particulier. Il peut être généralisé à des objets de dimension quelconque
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Saghaleini, Mahdi. "Switching Patterns and Steady-State Analysis of Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Single-Stage Boost-Inverters for PV Applications." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/796.
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Renewable or sustainable energy (SE) sources have attracted the attention of many countries because the power generated is environmentally friendly, and the sources are not subject to the instability of price and availability. This dissertation presents new trends in the DC-AC converters (inverters) used in renewable energy sources, particularly for photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. A review of the existing technologies is performed for both single-phase and three-phase systems, and the pros and cons of the best candidates are investigated.
In many modern energy conversion systems, a DC voltage, which is provided from a SE source or energy storage device, must be boosted and converted to an AC voltage with a fixed amplitude and frequency. A novel switching pattern based on the concept of the conventional space-vector pulse-width-modulated (SVPWM) technique is developed for single-stage, boost-inverters using the topology of current source inverters (CSI). The six main switching states, and two zeros, with three switches conducting at any given instant in conventional SVPWM techniques are modified herein into three charging states and six discharging states with only two switches conducting at any given instant. The charging states are necessary in order to boost the DC input voltage. It is demonstrated that the CSI topology in conjunction with the developed switching pattern is capable of providing the required residential AC voltage from a low DC voltage of one PV panel at its rated power for both linear and nonlinear loads.
In a micro-grid, the active and reactive power control and consequently voltage regulation is one of the main requirements. Therefore, the capability of the single-stage boost-inverter in controlling the active power and providing the reactive power is investigated. It is demonstrated that the injected active and reactive power can be independently controlled through two modulation indices introduced in the proposed switching algorithm. The system is capable of injecting a desirable level of reactive power, while the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) dictates the desirable active power.
The developed switching pattern is experimentally verified through a laboratory scaled three-phase 200W boost-inverter for both grid-connected and stand-alone cases and the results are presented.
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Du, Liang. "Advanced classification and identification of plugged-in electric loads." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50321.
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The total electricity consumption of plugged-in electric loads (PELs) currently accounts for more usage than any other single end-use service in residential and commercial buildings. Compared with other categories of electric loads, PELs possess significant potential to be efficiently controlled and managed in buildings. Therefore, accurate and reliable PEL identification methods that are used to collect identity and performance information are desired for many purposes. However, few existing electric load identification methods are designed for PELs to handle unique challenges such as the diversity within each type of PEL and similarity between different types of PELs equipped by similar front-end power supply units.
The objective of this dissertation is to develop non-intrusive, accurate, robust, and applicable PEL identification algorithms utilizing voltage and current measurements. Based on the literature review of almost all existing features that describe electric loads and five types of existing methods for electric load identification, a two-level framework for PELs classification and identification is proposed.
First, the supervised self-organizing map (SSOM) is adopted to classify a large number of PELs of different models and brands into several groups by their inherent similarities. Therefore, PELs with similar front-end power supply units or characteristics fall into the same group. The partitioned groups are verified by their power supply unit topology. That is, different groups should have different topologies. This dissertation proposes a novel combination of the SSOM framework and the Bayesian framework. Such a hybrid identifier can provide the probability of an unknown PEL belonging to a specific type of load.
Within each classified group by the SSOM, both static and dynamic methods are proposed to distinguish PELs with similar characteristics. Static methods extract steady-state features from the voltage and current waveforms to train different computational intelligence algorithms such as the SSOM itself and the support vector machine (SVM). An unknown PEL is then presented to the trained algorithm for identification. In contrast to static methods, dynamic methods take into consideration the dynamics of long-term (minutes instead of milliseconds) waveforms of PELs and extract elements such as spikes, oscillations, steady-state operations, as well as similarly repeated patterns.
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Deville, Romain. "Spatio-temporal grid mining applied to image classification and cellular automata analysis." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI046/document.
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Durant cette thèse, nous abordons le problème de la fouille exhaustive de motifs pour un cas particulier de graphes : les grilles. Ces grilles peuvent être utilisées pour modéliser des objets ayant une structure régulière. Ces structures sont naturellement présentes dans de nombreux jeux de plateaux (les dames, les échecs ou le go par exemple) ou encore dans les modélisations d’écosystèmes utilisant des automates cellulaires. On les retrouve également à un plus bas niveau dans les images, qui sont des grilles 2D de pixels ou encore les vidéos, qui sont des grilles spatio-temporelles 2D+t de pixels. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons proposé un nouvel algorithme de fouille de motifs fréquents dédié aux grilles spatio-temporelles, GriMA. L’usage des grilles régulières permet à notre algorithme de réduire la complexité des tests d’isomorphismes. Ces tests sont souvent utilisés par les algorithmes génériques de fouilles de graphes mais ayant une complexité importante, cela limite leur usage sur des données réelles. Deux applications ont été proposées pour évaluer notre algorithme : la classification d’images pour la fouille de grilles 2D et la prédiction d’automates cellulaires pour la fouille de grilles 2D+tDuring this thesis, we consider the exhaustive graph mining problem for a special kind of graphs : the grids. Theses grids can be used to model objects that present a regular structure. These structures are naturally present in multiple board games (checkers, chess or go for instance) or in ecosystems models using cellular automata. It is also possible to find this structure in a lower level in images, which are 2D grids of pixels, or even in videos, which are 2D+t spatio-temporal grids of pixels. In this thesis, we proposed a new algorithm to find frequent patterns dedicated to spatio-temporal grids, GriMA. Use of regular grids allow our algorithm to reduce the complexity of the isomorphisms test. These tests are often use by generic graph mining algorithm but because of their complexity, they are rarely used on real data. Two applications were proposed to evaluate our algorithm: image classification for 2D grids mining and prediction of cellular automata for 2D+t grids mining
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Reddy, Yachika. "An exploration of household energy use patterns among grid electrified households in low-income rural and peri-urban communities in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5481.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-140).
This study therefore explores the energy use patterns of low-income grid electrified households in rural and peri-urban areas of South Africa – rural and peri-urban areas being the two areas where majority of the poor reside - as a means to inform insights on the energy use of the poor within these two landscapes. It is important to understand the energy use patterns of these households, in order to inform policy interventions aimed at enhancing the energy welfare of low-income households through improved access to safe, affordable and reliable energy services to be designed and targeted congruent to the energy needs of poor households. Energy use patterns of low-income households in this study were examined using data from a household energy survey conducted by the University of Cape Town.
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Nardi, Alexandre Ricardo. "Uma arquitetura de baixo acoplamento para execução de padrões de controle de fluxo em grades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-29052009-143125/.
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O uso de padrões de workflow para controle de fluxo em aplicações de e-Science resulta em maior produtividade por parte do cientista, permitindo que se concentre em sua área de especialização. Todavia, o uso de padrões de workflow para paralelização em grades permanece uma questão em aberto. Este texto apresenta uma arquitetura de baixo acoplamento e extensível, para permitir a execução de padrões com ou sem a presença de grade, de modo transparente ao cientista. Descreve também o Padrão Junção Combinada, que atende a diversos cenários de paralelização comumente encontrados em aplicações de e-Science. Com isso, espera-se auxiliar o trabalho do cientista, oferecendo maior flexibilidade na utilização de grades e na representação de cenários de paralelização.The use of workflow control-flow patterns in e-Science applications results in productivity improvement, allowing the scientist to concentrate in his/her own research area. However, the use of workflow control-flow patterns for execution in grids remains an opened question. This work presents a loosely coupled and extensible architecture, allowing use of patterns with or without grids, transparently to the scientist. It also describes the Combined Join Pattern, compliant to parallelization scenarios, commonly found in e-Science applications. As a result, it is expected to help the scientist tasks, giving him or her greater flexibility in the grid usage and in representing parallelization scenarios.
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Foster, Elizabeth M. "Sort of Specific." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555443642092248.
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Zhang, Zhong Yi. "Visualisation and quantification of the defects in glass-fibre reinforced polymer composite materials using electronic speckle pattern interferometry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22078.
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Non-destructive testing (NDT) of glass-fibre reinforced polyester (GRP) composite materials has been becoming increasingly important due to their wide applications in engineering components and structures. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) has promising potential in this context because it is a non-contact, whole-field and real-time measurement system. This potential has never been fully exploited and there is only limited knowledge and understanding available in this area. This reality constrains the wide popularity and acceptance of ESPI as a novel NDT technique. Therefore it is of considerable importance to develop an understanding of the capability of ESPI with respect to damage evaluation in GRP composite materials. The research described in this thesis is concerned with an investigation into the applicability of ESPI in the NDT of GRP composite materials. Firstly, a study was carried out to determine excitation techniques in terms of practicality and effectiveness in the ESPI system. Three categories of defects were artificially introduced in GRP composite materials, namely holes, cracks and delaminations each with different geometrical features. ESPI was then employed to evaluate the three kinds of defects individually. It has been found that cracks and holes on back surfaces can be defined when the technique is used in conjunction with thermal excitation. Internal Temperature Differential (ITD) induced fringe patterns were more efficient than External Thermal Source (ETS) induced fringe patterns with regard to detecting the presence of holes and cracks. In the case of delamination, ESPI was found to be capable of detecting the damage when used in combination with mechanical excitation originating from a force transducer hammer. The geometrical features and magnitudes of delaminations were also established as being quantifiable. The validation of ESPI as an NDT technique was carried out in an attempt to establish a better understanding of its suitability and have more confidence in its applications. Four damaged specimens were Subjected to ESPI examination in conjunction with visual inspection, ultrasonic C-scan and sectioning techniques. The geometrical features and magnitudes of damage evaluated using ESPI showed a good correlation with those evaluated by conventional techniques. Poor visibility and readability is an inherent problem associated with ESP! due to an overlapping between the noise and signal frequencies. An improvement of image quality is expected in an attempt to achieve a wide acceptance of ESPI as a novel NDT technique. It has also been demonstrated that this problem can be tackled using optical phase stepping techniques in which optical phase data can be extracted from the intensity fringes. A three-frame optical phase stepping technique was employed to produce the "wrapped" and "unwrapped" phase maps which are capable of indicating internal damage with high visibility and clarity. Finally ESPI was practically employed to evaluate damage in GRP composites introduced by quasi-static and dynamic mechanical loading. It was found that ESP! was capable of monitoring the progressive damage development of specimens subjected to incremental flexural loading. The initial elastic response, damage initiation, propagation and ultimate failure of specimens were clearly characterised by the abnormal fringe pattern variations. In a similar manner, ESPI was employed to evaluate the low velocity falling weight impact induced damage. A correlation was established between the magnitude of damage and the impact event parameters as well as the residual flexural properties.
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Overmaat, Eduard. "Balancing Contributions in the Nordic Electricity System : Who bears the brunt of electricity production and consumption patterns?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393570.
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The share of intermittent weather-based renewable electricity sources has risen and will keep on rising in the Nordic electricity system, which will increase the need of balancing power in the Nordics. The previously developed concept of balancing contributions is used to look at the historic contribution of different power sources to the balancing on the grid. Three different time scales are taken into account: Daily variations, (bi-)weekly variations, and seasonal/yearly variations. This will aid in the understanding of the synergy of different sources on the grid, which, together with a deeper knowledge of the electricity market, might make it possible in the future to quantify the potential for balancing of sources within the Nordic grid. As a method to analyse the balancing contributions, a previously set-up online visualisation tool was used as an example, and this existing tool was revamped with a new software back-end using a database and automatic data collection. This allows one to be able to use a larger dataset, and for more functionality in the future, such as real-time updates and easier implementation of additional visualisations. Production and consumption data was gathered from Entso-e and SvK: the former has issues with data quality and the latter publishes data with a three-week delay which can only be obtained manually. The results from the previous research have been replicated, and a bigger dataset has been used to do the calculations, encompassing the years 2015-2018. The overall results show great similarity to that of the previous work. For the first time it was possible to plot the intrayear balancing contributions as a time series, which showed especially that the contributions of hydro power and electricity trade have changed over the period 2015-2018. There is a difference in hydro power balancing contributions based on geographical location, where Finnish hydro power is mainly a daily and—to a lesser extent—weekly regulator, Swedish hydro and especially Norwegian hydro have larger contributions on a yearly basis as well. There are even differences within countries, as the balancing contribution of hydro in bidding area SE2 has changed much more over time than hydro in SE1, for example. Other examples of interesting situations on the grid have also been highlighted using the online visualisation tool.
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Moulard, Laurence. "Optimisation de maillages non structurés : applications à la génération, à la correction et à l'adaptation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10173.
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Nous traitons les problèmes lies aux maillages non structures par des méthodes d'optimisation utilisant des algorithmes d'exploration locale. Le principe consiste à partir d'une solution existante et a l'améliorer grâce a des opérations élémentaires. L'intérêt de cette approche est de pouvoir modifier localement la solution initiale pour qu'elle réponde a des contraintes ou des critères qui peuvent évoluer. On évite ainsi la reconstruction couteuse d'un nouveau maillage à chaque nouvelle demande des utilisateursUne étude théorique introduit de nouveaux objets, les tétraphores réalisables, en considérant les seules conditions topologiques d'un maillage. Ces objets se construisent facilement à partir de la frontière du domaine à mailler ; il suffit d'ajouter des contraintes géométriques, très simples à tester et pouvant se traduire sous la forme d'un critère à optimiser, pour obtenir un maillage. Des opérations transformant ces tétraphores sont définies. Les algorithmes d'optimisation sont ainsi bien plus efficaces car ils peuvent être appliques sur un ensemble plus vaste que les maillages
Les algorithmes décrits dans cette thèse sont utilisés industriellement. Des résultats sont donnes pour l'optimisation selon des critères géométriques et topologiques, l'adaptation selon un critère de densité, la correction après déformation des frontières et la génération de maillages
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Rusaouen, Gilles. "Éléments finis déformables applicables aux problèmes d'aérodynamique interne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECDL0002.
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Davins, i. Pujols Montse. "Maltractament en les relacions de parella: estils de personalitat, simptomatologia i ajustament diàdic d'un grup de dones maltractades." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9248.
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En el present treball analitzem el maltractament contra les dones exercit per la parella o el cònjuge a través d'un estudi de naturalesa exploratòria, transversal i descriptiu. Hem avaluat a un total de 43 dones amb l'Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II, Millon, 1999), la Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, Spanier, 1976), i una adaptació de l'Entrevista Semiestructurada sobre Maltractament Domèstic (Echeburúa, Corral, Sarasua, Zubizarreta i Sauca, 1994). Concloíem que: 1) es tractava d'un conjunt de dones maltractades que es caracteritzaven per haver patit experiències de maltractament greus en les seves relacions de parella, pel que fa a intensitat, duració, freqüència i extensió, 2) si bé per una banda el grup de dones maltractades valorava la qualitat i l'ajustament de les seves relacions de parella d'una forma deficient i insatisfactòria; per l'altra, alguns aspectes de la relació quedaven preservats, 3) no es constatava la presència clínicament significativa de simptomatologia ansiosa i depressiva en més de la meitat de les dones estudiades. No s'observaren diferències simptomatològiques entre les dones d'ambdós recursos assistencials, 4) trobàrem alteracions en els seus estils de personalitat on predominaven els perfils esquizoides, dependents, i evitatius i 5) les dones que havien patit maltractament en la seva infantesa es diferenciaven de les que no respecte a algunes circumstàncies del maltractament i en determinades escales de personalitat i clíniques, mostrant major gravetat psicopatològica. Caldrà que futures recerques amb mostres més àmplies determinin l'abast d'aquesta aportació.En el presente trabajo analizamos el maltrato contra las mujeres ejercido por la pareja o el cónyuge a través de un estudio de naturaleza exploratoria, transversal y descriptivo. Hemos evaluado a un total de 43 mujeres con el el Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II, Millon, 1999), la Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, Spanier, 1976), y una adaptación de la Entrevista Semiestructurada sobre Maltrato Doméstico (Echeburúa, Corral, Sarasua, Zubizarreta y Sauca, 1994). Concluíamos que: 1) se trataba de un conjunto de mujeres maltratadas que se caracterizaban por haber sufrido experiencias de malos tratos graves en sus relaciones de pareja, respecto a su intensidad, duración, frecuencia y extensión, 2) aunque por un lado el grupo de mujeres maltratadas valoraba la calidad y el ajuste de sus relaciones de pareja de forma deficiente e insatisfactoria; por otro lado, algunos aspectos de la relación quedaban preservados, 3) no se constataba la presencia clínicamente significativa de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en más de la mitad de las mujeres estudiadas. No se observaron diferencias sintomatológicas entre las mujeres de ambos recursos asistenciales, 4) hallamos alteraciones en sus estilos de personalidad, predominando los perfiles esquizoides, dependientes, y evitativos, y 5) las mujeres que habían sufrido malos tratos en su infancia se diferenciaban de las que no respecto a algunas circunstancias del maltrato y en determinadas escalas de personalidad y clínica, mostrando mayor gravedad psicopatológica. Futuras investigaciones con muestras más amplias deberán determinar el alcance de esta aportación.
In this work we analyse mistreatment towards women by their partner or spouse. This is an exploratory study, and we use a descriptive transversal design. 43 battered women were assessed in total, with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II, Millon, 1999), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, Spanier, 1976), and an adapted version of the Semi-structured Interview on Domestic Mistreatment (Echeburúa, Corral, Sarasua, Zubizarreta, and Sauca, 1994). We concluded that: (1) the sample was a group of mistreated women characterised by having suffered from severe mistreatment experiences in their couple relationships, concerning intensity, length, frequency, and extension; (2) although on the one hand the group of mistreated women assessed the quality and adjustment of their couple relationship as deficient and dissatisfactory, on the other hand, some aspects of their relationships were protected; (3) there was no clinically significant presence of anxious and depressive symptomatology in more than half the women under study. There were no symptomatological differences between women in both heath care services groups; (4) there were alterations in their personality styles, with a predominance of schizoid, dependent and avoidant profiles; and (5) women that had been mistreated during their childhood were distinguished from those who had not with regards to some circumstances of mistreatment and to certain personality and clinical scales, showing higher psychopathological severity. Future research should deal with wider samples to delimit the scope of this contribution.
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Moggia, Narváez Danilo Orlando. "Patterns of Change and Their Relationship to Outcome and Follow-up in Group and Individual Psychotherapy for Depression." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666746.
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The study explored the presence of different patterns of change in a sample of patients who received cognitive therapy for depression in group and individual sequential formats. Our hypothesis was that some patients would respond better to group than to individual therapy, and that for others the opposite trend would be found. OBJECTIVE: To identify differential patterns of response, to describe the differences in the patients’ characteristics in each pattern, and to predict pattern membership from these characteristics. Also, we wanted to gauge the relationship between each pattern and treatment outcome at termination and follow-up. METHOD: 108 adults who met criteria for major depressive disorder and/or dysthymia completed the treatments included in a randomized controlled trial combining group and individual therapy. They were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation, the Global Assessment of Functioning, and the Repertory Grid Technique. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify the patterns of change in each treatment phase. Mixed linear models and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to compare patients’ characteristics in each pattern. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compute predictive models for the patterns from patients’ baseline characteristics.
Finally, hierarchical linear regression was used to establish the power of each pattern to predict treatment outcome at termination and at 3-month and 1-year follow-up. Results: A 3-class solution was obtained: group therapy improvers, individual therapy improvers and non-improvers. Patients in each pattern differed in terms of initial symptom severity, psychological distress, functioning, self-ideal discrepancy, perception of social isolation, and conflictual construction of the self. Some of these variables also worked as predictors for pattern membership. More than half of the explained variance of the outcome at termination and at 1-year follow-up was accounted for by initial depression scores and pattern of change. CONCLUSIONS: The results supported the hypothesis of differential patterns of response to cognitive therapy. Profiles of patients who obtained better results in group or individual therapy for depression could be identified as well.El estudio exploró la presencia de diferentes patrones de cambio en una muestra de pacientes que recibió terapia cognitiva para la depresión en dos formatos secuenciales: grupal e individual. Nuestra hipótesis fue que algunos pacientes responderían mejor a la terapia grupal que a la individual, y que para otros pacientes se encontraría el patrón opuesto. OBJETIVO: Identificar patrones diferenciales de respuesta, describir las diferencias entre las características de los pacientes en cada patrón y, desde estas características, predecir la pertenencia de los pacientes a cada patrón. También quisimos evaluar la relación entre cada patrón y el resultado de la terapia al final del tratamiento y al seguimiento. MÉTODO: 108 adultos que cumplieron criterios para el diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo mayor y/o distimia completaron los tratamientos como parte de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado que combinaba terapia grupal e individual. Los pacientes fueron evaluados con la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para los Trastornos del Eje I del DSM-IV, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck – II, el Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation, la Escala de Evaluación de la Actividad Global, y la técnica de la rejilla. Se utilizaron modelos de crecimiento mixtos para identificar los patrones de cambio en cada fase de tratamiento. Se utilizaron modelos lineales mixtos y análisis de la varianza de medias repetidas para estimar las diferencias en las características de los pacientes entre cada patrón. A través de regresión logística multinomial se estimaron modelos predictivos de los patrones de cambio desde las características iniciales de los pacientes. Finalmente, a través de regresión lineal jerárquica se estimó el poder predictivo de cada patrón para explicar los resultados de la terapia al final del tratamiento, al seguimiento a los tres meses y al seguimiento a un año. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una solución de tres clases: quienes mejoraron en terapia grupal, quienes mejoraron en terapia individual y quienes no mejoraron. Los pacientes pertenecientes a cada patrón se diferenciaron en el nivel inicial de sintomatología, malestar psicológico, funcionamiento, discrepancia yo-ideal, aislamiento social auto- percibido y construcción conflictiva del sí-mismo. Algunas de estas variables también funcionaron como predictores de la pertenencia de los pacientes a cada patrón. Más de la mitad de la varianza explicada del resultado de la terapia al final del tratamiento y al seguimiento a un año fue representada por las puntuaciones iniciales de depresión y los patrones de cambio. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados tendieron a apoyar nuestra hipótesis acerca de patrones diferenciales de respuesta en terapia cognitiva. Los perfiles de los pacientes que obtuvieron mejores resultados en terapia grupal que en terapia individual para depresión pudieron ser identificados.
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Frey, Sylvain. "Architectures génériques pour des systèmes autonomiques multi-objectifs ouverts : application aux micro-grilles intelligentes." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0077/document.
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L’autonomicité - la capacité des systèmes à se gérer eux-mêmes - est une qualité nécessaire pour parvenir à contrôler des systèmes complexes, c’est à dire des systèmes ouverts, à grande échelle, dynamiques, composés de sous-systèmes tiers hétérogènes et suivant de multiples objectifs, éventuellement en conflit. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à fournir des supports génériques et réutilisables pour la conception de tels systèmes autonomiques complexes. Nous proposons une formalisation des objectifs de gestion, une architecture générique pour la conception de systèmes autonomiques multi-objectifs et adaptables, et des organisations génériques pour l’intégration de tels systèmes autonomiques. Nous appliquons nôtre approche au cas d’utilisation des réseaux électriques intelligents, qui sont un parfait exemple de complexité. Nous présentons une plateforme de simulation que nous avons développée et via laquelle nous illustrons nôtre approche, au travers de plusieurs scénarios de simulationAutonomic features, i.e. the capability of systems to manage themselves, are necessary to control complex systems, i.e. systems that are open, large scale, dynamic, comprise heterogeneous third-party sub-systems and follow multiple, sometimes conflicting objectives. In this thesis, we aim to provide generic reusable supports for designing complex autonomic systems. We propose a formalisation of management objectives, a generic architecture for designingadaptable multi-objective autonomic systems, and generic organisations integrating such autonomic systems.We apply our approach to the concrete case of smart micro-grids which is a relevant example of such complexity. We present a simulation platform we developped and illustrate our approach via several simulation scenarios
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Zharkova, Valentina V., J. Aboudarham, Sergei I. Zharkov, Stanley S. Ipson, Ali K. Benkhalil, and N. Fuller. "Solar Feature Catalogues in EGSO." Springer, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4032.
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noThe Solar Feature Catalogues (SFCs) are created from digitized solar images using automated pattern recognition techniques developed in the European Grid of Solar Observation (EGSO) project. The techniques were applied for detection of sunspots, active regions and filaments in the automatically standardized full-disk solar images in Caii K1, Caii K3 and H¿ taken at the Meudon Observatory and white-light images and magnetograms from SOHO/MDI. The results of automated recognition are verified with the manual synoptic maps and available statistical data from other observatories that revealed high detection accuracy. A structured database of the Solar Feature Catalogues is built on the MySQL server for every feature from their recognized parameters and cross-referenced to the original observations. The SFCs are published on the Bradford University web site http://www.cyber.brad.ac.uk/egso/SFC/ with the pre-designed web pages for a search by time, size and location. The SFCs with 9 year coverage (1996¿2004) provide any possible information that can be extracted from full disk digital solar images. Thus information can be used for deeper investigation of the feature origin and association with other features for their automated classification and solar activity forecast.
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Cunha, Jéssica Gabriela de Almeida. "Comparação de malhas para problemas de corte e empacotamento." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8227.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This work brings the use of grid of points in the resolution of cutting and packing problems that consider rectangular shaped items. The grids can be considered for mathematical programming models and heuristics, and they are independent of the problem. The following grids that are defined by the literature are considered for this work: canonical dissections (also known as normal patterns), reduced raster points, useful numbers, corner points, regular normal patterns, extreme points, and meet-in-the-middle patterns. The objective is to assess the influence of each grid on the resolution of cutting and packing problems, before and after applying reduction procedures, as the one related to update the items size. Theoretical results are obtained from relations of set and size between the grids, showing that the grid of normal patterns and useful numbers are equivalent and, thus, proving formally that the grid of reduced raster points ensures an optimal solution (this result has been formally opened in the literature). In addition, we propose a new procedure to reduce the size of grids. In order to validate the proposed procedure and evaluate the grids, we perform experiments over instances from the literature, where it is possible to observe that the grids of reduced raster points and meet-in-the-middle patterns are the smallest. Experiments were also conducted in a two-dimensional packing problem that uses an integer linear programming model to pack the items in points of a grid. The results indicate that using the reduction procedures it is possible to obtain optimal solutions quicker.
Este trabalho traz o uso de malhas de pontos na resolução de problemas de corte e empacotamento para itens com formato retangular. As malhas podem ser consideradas em modelos de programação matemática e heurísticas, sendo independentes do problema tratado. As seguintes malhas definidas pela literatura, canonical dissections (também conhecida por normal patterns), reduced raster points, useful numbers, corner points, regular normal patterns, extreme points e meet-in-the-middle patterns, são consideradas neste trabalho. O objetivo é apresentar relações que existem entre as malhas e analisar a influência delas sobre o tempo gasto na resolução de problemas de corte e empacotamento, antes e após aplicar procedimentos de redução, como atualizar o tamanho dos itens. Resultados teóricos são obtidos envolvendo relações de conjunto e tamanho entre as malhas, mostrando que a malha de normal patterns e useful numbers são equivalentes e, assim, permitindo provar formalmente que a malha de reduced raster points garante uma solução ótima (resultado que estava em aberto na literatura). Além disso, propõe-se um novo procedimento visando reduzir o tamanho das malhas. Como forma de validar o procedimento proposto e avaliar a redução que ele proporciona nas malhas, executam-se experimentos sobre instâncias da literatura, sendo possível observar que as malhas de reduced raster points e meet-in-the-middle patterns são as menores. Experimentos também foram realizados sobre um problema de empacotamento bidimensional que utiliza um modelo de programação linear inteira para empacotar os itens em pontos da malha. Os resultados indicam que utilizando os procedimentos de redução é possível obter soluções ótimas mais rapidamente.
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D'Albis, Tiziano. "Models of spatial representation in the medial entorhinal cortex." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19306.
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Komplexe kognitive Funktionen wie Gedächtnisbildung, Navigation und Entscheidungsprozesse hängen von der Kommunikation zwischen Hippocampus und Neokortex ab. An der Schnittstelle dieser beiden Gehirnregionen liegt der entorhinale Kortex - ein Areal, das Neurone mit bemerkenswerten räumlichen Repräsentationen enthält: Gitterzellen. Gitterzellen sind Neurone, die abhängig von der Position eines Tieres in seiner Umgebung feuern und deren Feuerfelder ein dreieckiges Muster bilden. Man vermutet, dass Gitterzellen Navigation und räumliches Gedächtnis unterstützen, aber die Mechanismen, die diese Muster erzeugen, sind noch immer unbekannt. In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich mathematische Modelle neuronaler Schaltkreise, um die Entstehung, Weitervererbung und Verstärkung von Gitterzellaktivität zu erklären.
Zuerst konzentriere ich mich auf die Entstehung von Gittermustern. Ich folge der Idee, dass periodische Repräsentationen des Raumes durch Konkurrenz zwischen dauerhaft aktiven, räumlichen Inputs und der Tendenz eines Neurons, durchgängiges Feuern zu vermeiden, entstehen könnten. Aufbauend auf vorangegangenen theoretischen Arbeiten stelle ich ein Einzelzell-Modell vor, das gitterartige Aktivität allein durch räumlich-irreguläre Inputs, Feuerratenadaptation und Hebbsche synaptische Plastizität erzeugt.
Im zweiten Teil der Dissertation untersuche ich den Einfluss von Netzwerkdynamik auf das Gitter-Tuning. Ich zeige, dass Gittermuster zwischen neuronalen Populationen weitervererbt werden können und dass sowohl vorwärts gerichtete als auch rekurrente Verbindungen die Regelmäßigkeit von räumlichen Feuermustern verbessern können. Schließlich zeige ich, dass eine entsprechende Konnektivität, die diese Funktionen unterstützt, auf unüberwachte Weise entstehen könnte.
Insgesamt trägt diese Arbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis der Prinzipien der neuronalen Repräsentation des Raumes im medialen entorhinalen Kortex bei.High-level cognitive abilities such as memory, navigation, and decision making rely on the communication between the hippocampal formation and the neocortex. At the interface between these two brain regions is the entorhinal cortex, a multimodal association area where neurons with remarkable representations of self-location have been discovered: the grid cells. Grid cells are neurons that fire according to the position of an animal in its environment and whose firing fields form a periodic triangular pattern. Grid cells are thought to support animal's navigation and spatial memory, but the cellular mechanisms that generate their tuning are still unknown. In this thesis, I study computational models of neural circuits to explain the emergence, inheritance, and amplification of grid-cell activity. In the first part of the thesis, I focus on the initial formation of grid-cell tuning. I embrace the idea that periodic representations of space could emerge via a competition between persistently-active spatial inputs and the reluctance of a neuron to fire for long stretches of time. Building upon previous theoretical work, I propose a single-cell model that generates grid-like activity solely form spatially-irregular inputs, spike-rate adaptation, and Hebbian synaptic plasticity. In the second part of the thesis, I study the inheritance and amplification of grid-cell activity. Motivated by the architecture of entorhinal microcircuits, I investigate how feed-forward and recurrent connections affect grid-cell tuning. I show that grids can be inherited across neuronal populations, and that both feed-forward and recurrent connections can improve the regularity of spatial firing. Finally, I show that a connectivity supporting these functions could self-organize in an unsupervised manner. Altogether, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the principles governing the neuronal representation of space in the medial entorhinal cortex.
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Yue, Shi Yi. "Modelisation calligraphique de formes moleculaires electroniques et geometriques dans une structure grille." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077264.
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Un systeme, polymod, de modelisation et de visualisation des objets chimiques est presente: il traite les formes structurales et les formes de proprietes liees aux distributions electroniques. Les molecules sont immergees dans un maillage 3d constituant l'espace de representation, les proprietes etant evaluees sur les noeuds de reseau. L'ensemble de l'information moleculaire est transmise au moyen de deux fichiers, l'un contient les parametres du reseau et les coordonnees moleculaires, l'autre les valeurs de la propriete sur les noeuds. Des correspondances reversibles sont etablies entre la localisation spatiale des noeuds et le rang des enregistrements dans le fichier de propriete
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Nikola, Dalčeković. "Platforma za transformaciju softverskih rešenja pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža na cloud bazirani višeorganizacijski SaaS." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110701&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Sve češćom upotrebom cloud okruženja dolazi do potrebe da se postojeća softverska rešenja migriraju. Metodologija za migraciju na cloud postoji više, gde se u finalnim fazama planiraju modifikacije nad arhitekturom softvera tako da se iskoriste prednosti cloud sistema. Za ekonomsku efikasnost usled uštede resursa je neophodna višeorganizacijska osobina. Svrha ovog istraživanja je da pojasni višeorganizacijsko svojstvo i da predloži rešenje za migraciju postojećih softvera na višeorganizacijski SaaS ali sa što manje neophodnih modifikacija ciljnog softvera. S toga je predloženo rešenje platforma koja omogućuje lakšu migraciju. Nakon faze istraživanja i sagledavanja domena pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža, kreiran je prototip predloženog rešenja kao i niz eksperimenata u skladu sa definisanim naučnim pitanjima. Eksperimenti su izvršeni u privatnom cloud okruženju. Hipoteze su adresirane kroz viziju primene rešenja na NDMS (Napredni distributivni menadžment sistem) u slučaju šest organizacija, a doneti su sledeći zaključci: višeorganizacijskim modelom se ostvaruju uštede u resursima od 32%, za tri reda veličine veća visoka dostupnost, ali uz usporenja do 20 milisekundi po svakom servisnom zahtevu. Takođe, aplikativni model učesnika modernih PaaS usluga nije primeren gde je sinhronizam zahtevan, niti u slučajevima gde se očekuju odgovori nad skupom učesnika u realnom vremenu. Istraživanje ukazuje na mogućnost primene višeorganizacijskog modela čak i u slučaju kompleksnih rešenja kakva se sreću u domenu pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža, a akademskom validacijom potvrđuju način implementacije važnog finalnog koraka u procesu migracije softvera na cloud bazirani SaaS.Progressive cloud adoption requires migration of existing software solutions. Today, many cloud adoption methodologies exist. Usually, the final phase in cloud adoption include software architecture modifications to make the most of the benefits of cloud computing, like multi-tenancy which enables economic efficiency. The aim of this research is to explain the multi-tenancy and to provide a solution for migration of existing software to multi-tenant SaaS while modifying the target software as little as possible. Therefore, the research proposes a platform that enables easier cloud adoption. After the research phase focused on a smart grid domain, the prototype was created with experiments targeting formulated research questions. The experiments were conducted in a private cloud environment. Research hypotheses were analyzed using hypothetical multi-tenant ADMS (Advanced Distribution Management System) in case of six tenants, with the following conclusions: multi-tenancy saves 32% of resources, it provides three orders of magnitude higher availability, but affects performances by introducing a delay of up to 20 milliseconds per service request. Also, reliable actors programing model used in modern PaaS services is not suitable in use cases with needs for synchronous behavior, nor in in use cases where querying a set of actors is needed in real time. The research demonstrates feasibility of applying multi-tenancy even in cases of complex software solutions like the ones in the smart grid domain. The proposed solution is academically validated and it can be used as a final important step in migration of existing software to cloud based multi-tenant SaaS.
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Bellman, Lina. "Auktoriserade fastighetsvärderares syn på värdering : tankemönster om kommersiella fastigheter." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17177.
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Värdering av kommersiella fastigheter handlar om att samla in, analysera och bedöma information. Förutom att fastigheternas marknadsvärden har betydelse för samhället i stort är de av vikt för dem som fattar beslut som grundas på värdeutlåtanden. Syftet med denna licentiatavhandling är a) att kartlägga hur svenska auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare ser på de faktorer som avgör värdet på kommersiella fastigheter när värderingen görs inför upprättandet av årsredovisning samt b) att jämföra och dra slutsatser om fastighetsvärderarnas tankemönster vad gäller innehåll, komplexitet och homogenitet samt i vilken omfattning tankemönstren skiljer sig åt mellan olika grupper av fastighetsvärderare. För att kartlägga fastighetsvärderarnas tankemönster använder jag mig av Kellys (1955) gridteknik och kompletterande semistrukturerade intervjuer. Jag har intervjuat nära hälften (67) av Sveriges auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare. Resultatet visar tre tolkningsbara dimensioner som kan anses centrala i fastighetsvärderarnas tankemönster. Den första dimensionen avser värderingens fokus. Den handlar om att fastighetsvärderare uppfattar att olika sorters information och bedömning har olika påverkan på fastighetsvärdering på mikro- respektive makronivå. Med mikronivå menas då fastigheter i relation till deras fastighetsägare och makronivå avser fastigheter i relation till marknaden i stort. Den andra dimensionen ger uttryck för att fastighetsvärderare uppfattar att viss information är mer eller mindre verifierbar utifrån informationens karaktär. Den tredje dimensionen avser bedömningens komplexitet. Fastighetsvärderare uppfattar att olika typer av information är komplexare respektive enklare att bedöma. Resultaten tyder på att fastighetsvärderare har ett flerdimentionellt tankemönster. När de auktoriserade fastighetsvärderarna delas upp i grupper utifrån olika bakgrundsvariabler återkommer de tre dimensionerna i samtliga gruppers tankemönster. Detta tyder även på att auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare har relativt homogena tankestrukturer. Vissa skillnader i komplexitet och homogenitet framkommer dock. Dessa skillnader visar sig främst utifrån de auktoriserade fastighetsvärderarnas verksamhetsorter och vid vilka lärosäten de studerat.The valuation of commercial properties is about collecting, analyzing and assessing information. In addition to the fact that the properties' market values are important to society as a whole, they are important to those who make decisions based on value statements. The purpose of this thesis is a) to identify how Swedish professional property valuers certified by ASPECT look at the value-influencing factors that determine the values of commercial properties when valuation is made prior to preparing financial statements and b) to compare and draw conclusions about the ASPECT certified property valuers´ thinking in terms of content, complexity and homogeneity and to what extent the thought patterns differ between different groups of property valuers. To map property valuers´ thought patterns I use Kelly´s (1955) Repertory Grid technique and complementary semi-structured interviews. I have interviewed nearly half (67) of the professional ASPECT certified property valuers in Sweden. The result shows three interpretable dimensions that can be considered central in the property valuers´ thought patterns. The first dimension relates to the focus of valuation. It is about property valuers understanding that different kinds of information and assessment have different effects on property valuation on micro and macro levels. The micro level refers to the relation between properties and their property owner and macro level refers to the relation between properties and the market at large. The second dimension shows that verifiable information reflects that the property valuer understands that some information is more or less verifiable by the nature of information. The third dimension is related to the assessment´s complexity. It is about property valuers perceiving that different types of information are simpler and more complex to assess. The results indicate that ASPECT certified property valuers have relatively complex thought patterns. When certified property valuers are divided into groups based on different background variables, the three dimensions are in all groups. This indicates that property valuers also have relatively homogeneous thought structures. Some differences in complexity and homogeneity emerge, however. These differences are mainly based on the property valuers´ place of business and what universities they studied at.
Centrum för forskning om ekonomiska relationer (CER)
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Landes, Pierre-Edouard. "Extraction d'information pour l'édition et la synthèse par l'exemple en rendu expressif." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637651.
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Cette thèse prend pour cadre la synthèse par l'exemple et l'édition de contenu graphique en infographie et propose une réflexion sur les possibles sources d'information utiles à ces fins. Contrairement aux techniques "procédurales", l'approche par l'exemple se distingue par sa grande simplicité d'utilisation : reviennent en effet à l'algorithme de synthèse l'identification, analyse et reproduction des éléments caractéristiques des exemples fournis en entrée par l'utilisateur. Ce mode de création de même que les techniques approfondies d'édition ont grandement contribué à la facilitation de la production à grande échelle de contenus graphiques convaincants et ainsi participé à l'adoption par la communauté des artistes des outils proposés par le support numérique. Mais pour être ainsi exploitées, celles-ci doivent également être hautement contrôlables tout en évitant l'écueil de n'être que le simple prolongement de la main de l'artiste. Nous explorons ici cette thématique dans le cadre de la création de rendus dits expressifs et étudions les interactions (collaboratives ou concurrentielles) entre les différentes sources d'information au cœur de ce processus. Ces dernières sont à notre sens au nombre de trois : l'analyse automatique des données d'entrée avant rendu ou traitement ; l'utilisation de modèles a priori en vue de leur compréhension ; et enfin le contrôle explicite par l'utilisateur. En les combinant au plus juste, nous proposons des techniques nouvelles dans divers domaines de la synthèse en rendu expressif. Au delà du réalisme photographique, le rendu expressif se caractérise par sa poursuite de critères plus difficilement quantifiables tels la facilité de compréhension ou le caractère artistique de ses résultats. La subjectivité de tels objectifs nous force donc ici plus qu'ailleurs à estimer avec soin les sources d'information à privilégier, le niveau d'implication à accorder à l'utilisateur (sans que ce choix ne s'opère au détriment de la qualité théorique de la méthode), ainsi que le possible recours à des modèles d'analyse (sans en compromettre la généralité). Trois principales instances de synthèse sont ici détaillés : la génération de textures, la désaturation d'images, et la représentation de maillages par le dessin au trait. La grande variété des données d'entrée (textures matricielles ou vectorielles, images complexes, géométries 3d), des modalités de synthèse (imitation, conversion, représentation alternative) et d'objectifs (reproduction de la signature visuelle d'une texture, restitution crédible de contrastes chromatiques, génération de dessins conformes au style de l'utilisateur) permettent l'examen de divers équilibres entre ces sources d'information et l'exploration de degrés plus ou moins élevés d'interaction avec l'utilisateur.
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Fanton, Hervé. "Cartographie rapide de l'environnement local d'un robot mobile autonome." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0130.
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Proposition d'une methode de carte locale destinee a la navigation d'un robot mobile autonome mettant en uvre un telemetre laser, une modelisation du monde par des grilles et une architecture parallele hybride de type nimo-simo
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Monthe, Luc Arthur. "Etude des équations aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques application aux équations de Saint-Venant." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES074.
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Dans ce travail, nous avons adapté une méthode de volumes finis aux équations de Saint-Venant avec termes sources, dans des configurations monodimensionnelles et bidimensionnelles complexes. Ces équations représentent les écoulements de l'eau peu profonde, consécutifs par exemple a une rupture de barrage. Pour la partie hyperbolique des équations, le schéma de Roe, solveur approché de Riemann, est introduit, et amélioré par une modification entropique, afin de prendre en compte les configurations particulières, telles que l'écoulement sur fond sec. Une extension à l'ordre deux de ce schéma a été réalisée, soit par la méthode de limitation de flux, soit par la méthode MUSCL en espace et Runge-Kutta 2 en temps. Une analyse de stabilité numérique non linéaire a été menée ; cela a permis la justification et la prédiction de limitations sur la condition CFL, confirmées par les expériences numériques. D'autre part, on introduit un schéma fractionné pour la prise en compte du terme source. La stabilité et la convergence du schéma vers la solution entropique sont prouvées dans le cas scalaire. Dans le cas de problèmes bidimensionnels, et afin de traiter correctement les termes de diffusion, des schémas conçus et analysés récemment ont été appliqués. Il s'agit d'un schéma à neuf points (VF9) dans le cas de maillages structurés, et d'un schéma à quatre points (VF4) dans le cas de maillages non structurés. En outre, une technique d'adaptation de maillage basée sur la méthode des ressorts a été utilisée avec succès, dans le cas de maillages structurés, afin de capturer avec plus de précisions les ondes de chocs et de détente. Enfin, on présente une méthode originale d'optimisation, les algorithmes génétiques (GAS), faisant le lien entre la méthode des volumes finis introduite et l'identification de paramètres physiques. Les expériences numériques réalisées, entre autres pour la propagation de polluants dans des domaines à géométrie complexe, ont confirmé les performances de ces méthodes.
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Orti, Rachel. "Radiosité dynamique 2D et complexe de visibilité." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004958.
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La méthode de radiosité, méthode de simulation globale de l'éclairage, est très utilisée pour la visualisation de scènes d'intérieur statiques. Malgré les différentes améliorations apportées jusqu'à présent, son coût reste conditionné par le calcul des facteurs de forme qui modélisent l'interaction lumineuse entre deux surfaces. Ce calcul constitue l'étape la plus coûteuse de la méthode de radiosité, compte tenu des calculs de visibilité qu'il implique. D'autre part, il semble primordial d'utiliser un maillage qui suive les discontinuités (c'est à dire les limites d'ombre et de pénombre), pour obtenir une solution de radiosité de bonne qualité. Or cette méthode est très coûteuse car elle nécessite de nombreux calculs géométriques. De plus les méthodes proposées jusqu'à présent pour des environnements dits dynamiques (environnements où la géométrie, les propriétés des matériaux, etc., peuvent changer) effectuent toujours trop de recalculs. Le problème reste d'arriver à identifier précisément et efficacement quels facteurs de forme doivent vraiment être recalculés. Nous avons considéré le cas 2D qui permet une meilleure compréhension et une analyse plus approfondie, ne serait-ce que grâce à l'existence de solutions analytiques. Nous nous sommes intéressés au complexe de visibilité (introduit récemment en géométrie algorithmique) qui code les relations de visibilité entre les objets dans le plan. Nous présentons dans cette thèse son utilisation dans le cadre de la radiosité, pour les environnements statiques, puis pour les environnements dynamiques. Nous montrons que le complexe permet d'effectuer le calcul des facteurs de forme de manière efficace et analytique, et de construire le maillage de discontinuité de façon simple. De plus, seuls les facteurs de forme entre deux éléments mutuellement visibles de la scène sont calculés. Enfin, dans le cas dynamique, le complexe permet d'identifier et de mettre à jour uniquement les facteurs de forme strictement nécessaires lorsqu'un objet se déplace.
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Ferré, Antoine. "Élaboration et caractérisation 3D de l’endommagement dans les composites amorphe-cristallins métalliques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0038.
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Les verres métalliques ont commencé à être produit dans les années 1960 et sous forme massive dans les années 1980. De nombreuses études se sont intéressées à ces matériaux sous leur forme amorphe et ont conclu qu’ils avaient une forte résistance mécanique mais présentaient un comportement très fragile. Dans le cadre du projet EDDAM débuté en 2011, ces matériaux ont été introduits sous forme de petites sphères dans une matrice d’aluminium. Le premier objectif de notre étude est de voir si le verre métallique sous cette forme permet de le rendre peu fragile. Le second objectif est de trouver une alternative aux renforts céramique dans les composites à matrice métallique qui présentent une faible cohésion à l’interface matrice/inclusion. Dans le but de caractériser l’endommagement dans des nouveaux composites amorphe-cristallins métalliques, la tomographie aux rayons X a été utilisée. Cette technique permet de caractériser de manière non destructive l’endommagement des matériaux et de le visualiser en 3D. Cela apporte une contribution à l’étude des matériaux composites par rapport aux techniques classiques utilisées. L’objectif général de cette thèse a été d’étudier l’endommagement en termes d’amorçage, de croissance et de coales- cence des matériaux composites amorphe-cristallins métallique par tomographie aux rayons X lors d’essais de traction monotone in situ. Les matériaux sélectionnés sont constitués d’une matrice aluminium ("molle" de type 1070A ou "dure" de type 5083) et de renforts en verre métallique Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5 de taille peu dispersée et répartis de manière homogène, avec différentes fractions volumiques (1%, 4% et 10%). Les matériaux composites ont été élaborés par la voie de la métallurgie des poudres au Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) suivi d’une étape d’extrusion à chaud. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la caractérisation microstructurale des constituants de base. L’analyse qualitative a permis de comparer l’ensemble des composites fabriqués au SPS et ceux extrudés à chaud après SPS. Les différents modes d’amorçage de l’endommagement ont été observés ainsi que la croissance et la coa- lescence amenant la rupture des composites. L’analyse quantitative a été essentiellement consacrée au premier stade de l’endommagement. La croissance et la coalescence étant très rapide, il a été difficile de les suivre lors des essais interrompus. La modélisation d’un composite amorphe-cristallin métallique à matrice molle a été introduite dans le but de reproduire l’endommagement observé lors des analyses expérimentales. Cette première approche nécessite d’être approfondie dans le but de prédire, compte tenu des propriétés mécaniques des différentes phases et de la fraction volumique des renforts, le mode d’endommagement préférentiel apparaissant dans les composites étudiés. Elle montre cependant les prémices d’une modélisation innovante basée sur la microstructure expérimentaleMetallic glasses have been produced in the 1960s and bulk metallic glasses in the 1980s. Many studies, focused on these materials in their amorphous state, concluded that they had high mechanical strength but shown low ductility. As part of EDDAM project that started in 2011, these materials were introduced as small particles in an aluminum matrix. The first objective of this study is to see if the metallic glass is less brittle in this form. The second objective is to find an alternative of ceramic reinforcements in metal matrix composites. These materials have low cohesion at the matrix/inclusion interface. In order to characterize the damage in new amorphous-crystalline composite, X-ray tomography was used. This allows to characterize damage in materials and to obtain a 3D viewing. The main objective of this thesis was to study damage (nucleation, growth and coalescence) in composite materials using X-ray tomography during tensile tests. Selected materials are constituted of an aluminum matrix and small metallic glass reinforcements (Zr57Cu20Al_10Ni8Ti5). Composites with different volume fractions (from 1vol.% to 10vol.%) were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and hot extrusion. A particular attention was paid to the microstructural characterization of the basic constituents. Qualitative analysis was used to compare SPS composites with SPS plus hot extrusion composites. Damage nucleation, growth and coalescence were observed. Quantitative analysis was mainly devoted to the first damage step. Growth and coalescence were difficult to follow due to fast rupture and interrupted tensile tests. The modeling of an amorphous-crystalline composite has been introduced in order to reproduce experimental damage analyses. The first approach requires further investigation to predict damage with different volume fractions. However, this part shows the beginning of an innovative model based on the experimental microstructure
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Lachaud, Jacques-Olivier. "Extraction de surfaces à partir d'images tridimensionnelles : approche discrète et approche par modèle déformable." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004892.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'extraction de représentations géométriques à partir d'images tridimensionnelles. Ces représentations ont d'importantes applications dans les domaines médicaux (examen non invasif et simulation, détection de pathologies, chirurgie assistée par ordinateur, fabrication de prothèses, etc) et biologiques (analyse des structures microscopiques et de leur fonctionnement). Deux approches peuvent être suivies~ : - Les méthodes de reconstruction discrète fournissent rapidement une représentation géométrique de ces données, mais laissent de côté l'aspect segmentation de l'image en ses constituants. Parmi ces méthodes, les plus utilisées sont~ : le marching-cubes, qui construit une surface triangulée, et le suivi de surface, qui délimite une surface digitale. En introduisant des considérations de topologie digitale, nous montrons l'équivalence de ces deux représentations. De cette manière, leurs propriétés respectives peuvent être combinées efficacement. - Les méthodes basées sur les modèles déformables réunissent les opérations de segmentation et de reconstruction en un seul processus~ : le modèle recherche les constituants de l'image en se déformant sous l'action de contraintes externes, issues de l'image, et internes, dérivées de sa structure géométrique. Les modèles existants sont souvent limités à l'extraction de formes simples. Nous proposons un modèle déformable générique, basé sur une triangulation de surface, et capable d'adapter automatiquement la topologie de sa maille aux déformations imposées à sa géométrie. Cette capacité permet au modèle d'appréhender les formes arbitrairement complexes de l'image et de les extraire de l'esquisse aux détails par une approche multi-résolution. Enfin, nous présentons l'application de ce modèle à des données biomédicales de modalités variées. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus par reconstruction discrète, puis combinés afin de tirer parti des avantages spécifiques des deux approches.
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Kasvayee, Keivan Amiri. "On the deformation behavior and cracking of ductile iron; effect of microstructure." Doctoral thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Material och tillverkning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36852.
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This thesis focuses on the effect of microstructural variation on the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of ductile iron. To research and determine these effects, two grades of ductile iron, (i) GJS-500-7 and (ii) high silicon GJS-500-14, were cast in a geometry containing several plates with different section thicknesses in order to produce microstructural variation. Microstructural investigations as well as tensile and hardness tests were performed on the casting plates. The results revealed higher ferrite fraction, graphite particle count, and yield strength in the high silicon GJS-500-14 grade compared to the GJS-500-7 grade. To study the relationship between the microstructural variation and tensile behavior on macroscale, tensile stress-strain response was characterized using the Ludwigson equation. The obtained tensile properties were modeled, based on the microstructural characteristics, using multiple linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The models showed that silicon content, graphite particle count, ferrite fraction, and fraction of porosity are the major contributing factors that influence tensile behavior. The models were entered into a casting process simulation software, and the simulated microstructure and tensile properties were validated using the experimental data. This enabled the opportunity to predict tensile properties of cast components with similar microstructural characteristics. To investigate deformation behavior on micro-scale, a method was developed to quantitatively measure strain in the microstructure, utilizing the digital image correlation (DIC) technique together with in-situ tensile testing. In this method, a pit-etching procedure was developed to generate a random speckle pattern, enabling DIC strain measurement to be conducted in the matrix and the area between the graphite particles. The method was validated by benchmarking the measured yield strength with the material’s standard yield strength. The microstructural deformation behavior under tensile loading was characterized. During elastic deformation, strain mapping revealed a heterogeneous strain distribution in the microstructure, as well as shear bands that formed between graphite particles. The crack was initiated at the stress ranges in which a kink occurred in the tensile curve, indicating the dissipation of energy during both plastic deformation and crack initiation. A large amount of strain localization was measured at the onset of the micro-cracks on the strain maps. The micro-cracks were initiated at local strain levels higher than 2%, suggesting a threshold level of strain required for micro-crack initiation. A continuum Finite Element (FE) model containing a physical length scale was developed to predict strain on the microstructure of ductile iron. The material parameters for this model were calculated by optimization, utilizing the Ramberg-Osgood equation. The predicted strain maps were compared to the strain maps measured by DIC, both qualitatively and quantitatively. To a large extent, the strain maps were in agreement, resulting in the validation of the model on micro-scale. In order to perform a micro-scale characterization of dynamic deformation behavior, local strain distribution on the microstructure was studied by performing in-situ cyclic tests using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A novel method, based on the focused ion beam (FIB) milling, was developed to generate a speckle pattern on the microstructure of the ferritic ductile iron (GJS-500-14 grade) to enable quantitative DIC strain measurement to be performed. The results showed that the maximum strain concentration occurred in the vicinity of the micro-cracks, particularly ahead of the micro-crack tip.Denna avhandling fokuserar på effekten av variationer i mikrostrukturen på mekaniska egenskaper och deformationsbeteende hos segjärn. För att undersöka dessa effekter, två olika sorter av segjärn, (i) GJS-500-7 och (ii) högkisellegerad GJS-500-14, gjutits till plattor av olika tjocklekar för att generera mikrostrukturvariationen. Mikrostrukturundersökning, samt drag- och hårdhetsprov gjordes på de gjutna plattorna. Resultaten visade att en högre ferritfraktion, grafitpartikelantal och sträckgräns i den högkisellegerade GJS-500-14-sorten jämfört med GJS-500-7. För att studera förhållandet mellan mikrostrukturell variation och spännings-töjningsbeteendet på makroskala, modellerades detta med hjälp av Ludwigson-ekvationen. De erhållna spännings-töjningsegenskaperna modellerades baserat på mikrostrukturell karaktäristika genom multipel linjärregression och variansanalys (ANOVA). Modellerna visade att kiselhalt, grafitpartikelantal, ferritfraktion och porfraktion var de viktigaste bidragande faktorerna. Modellerna implementerades i ett simuleringsprogram för gjutningsprocessen. Resultatet från simuleringen validerades med hjälp av experimentella data som inte ingick i underlaget för regressionsanalysen. Detta möjliggjorde att prediktera spännings-töjningsbeteendet och dess variation hos gjutna segjärns komponenter med liknande sammansättning och gjutna tjocklekar som användes i denna studie. För att kunna undersöka deformationsbeteendet på mikroskala utvecklades en metod för kvantitativ mätning av töjning i mikrostrukturen, genom DIC-tekniken (digital image correlation) tillsammans med in-situ dragprovning. I denna metod utvecklades en grop-etsningsprocess för att generera ett slumpvis prickmönster, vilket möjliggjorde DIC-töjningsmätning i matrisen och i området mellan grafitpartiklarna med tillräcklig upplösning. Metoden validerades genom benchmarking av den uppmätta sträckgränsen mot materialets makroskopiska sträckgräns mätt med konventionell dragprovning. Det mikrostrukturella deformationsbeteendet under dragbelastning karakteriserades. Under elastisk deformation avslöjade töjningsmönstret en heterogen töjningsfördelning i mikrostrukturen, och bildandet av skjuvband mellan grafitpartiklar. Sprickbildning initierades vid låg spänning och redan vid de spänningsnivåer som ligger vis ”knät” på dragprovningskurvan, vilket indikerar energidissipering genom både begynnande plastisk deformation och sprickbildning. Den lokala töjningen vis sprickinitiering skedde då den lokala töjningen översteg 2%, vilket indikerar att detta skulle kunna vara en tröskelnivå för den töjning som erfordras för initiering av mikro-sprickor. En kontinuum Finita Element (FE) modell utvecklades för att prediktera töjningen hos ett segjärn och dess fördelning i segjärns mikrostruktur. Materialparametrarna för denna modell optimerades genom att anpassa parametrarna i Ramberg-Osgood ekvationen. De predikterade töjningsfördelningarna jämfördes med de experimentell uppmätta töjningsmönstren uppmätta med DIC, både kvalitativt och kvantitativt. Töjningsmönstren överensstämde i stor utsträckning, vilket resulterade i att modellerna kunde anses vara validerade på mikronivå. För att kunna mäta töjningsmönster under dynamiska förlopp på mikronivå utvecklades en metod för att skapa prickmönster och att utföra in-situ CT provning i ett svepeletronmikroskop (SEM). Prickmönstret skapades genom avverkning med en fokuserad jonstråle (FIB), och provades på det ferritiska segjärnet (GJS-500-14 grad). Resultaten visade att maximal töjningskoncentration fanns i närheten av mikrosprickorna, framförallt framför sprickspetsen.