Journal articles: 'Grinding, Finite Element Method, Residual Stresses'

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Jafarpour, Vahid, and Rasoul Moharrami. "Numerical Stress Analysis of Creep-Feed Grinding Through Finite Element Method in Inconel Alloy X-750." Mapta Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MJMIE) 6, no. 01 (March 23, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33544/mjmie.v6i01.187.

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The present study developed a 2D finite element model for simulation of creep-feed grinding process. Fully-coupled mechanical-thermal analysis was used to predict the residual stresses distribution. As in the creep-feed grinding the thermal damages are considerable, so the best and worst cooling condition i.e. flood and dry grindings were studied. Convection heat transfer coefficient was utilized to shows the effect of coolant. The results show the maximum temperature of specimen has reduced by about 52% compared to non-use of coolant. The dominate residual stresses are tensile near the surface that a steep decline in stresses was observed in flood grinding. Also, by using the electro polishing layer removal technique the non-uniform residual stresses were measured to validate the model. The results demonstrated the presented model provides good congruency with the experiments

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Liu, Yue Ming, Ya Dong Gong, Wei Ding, and Ting Chao Han. "Simulation and Experiment on the Residual Stress in Super-High Speed Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.238.

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In this paper, effective finite element model have been developed to simulation the plastic deformation cutting in the process for a single particle via the software of ABAQUS, observing the residual stress distribution in the machined surface, the experiment of grinding cylindrical workpiece has been brought in the test of super-high speed grinding, researching the residual stress under the machined surface by the method of X-ray diffraction, which can explore the different stresses from different super-high speed in actual, and help to analyze the means of reducing the residual stresses in theory.

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Qiao, Y. P., Ren Ke Kang, Zhu Ji Jin, and Dong Ming Guo. "The Characteristics of Surface Residual Stresses by Plane Grinding Invar and the Effects of Them on Structural Stability." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.293.

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Invar 36 alloy is widely used in manufacturing instruments because of its minimal thermal expansion coefficient. As an important material for the components of precision or super-precision instruments, the process methods for Invar and the structure stability after its machining is necessary. In this paper, the residual stresses of the Invar samples after plane grinding were measured. The experimental results indicate that clear tension stress exists in the surface of Invar alloy along the grinding direction, while, on the cross direction, the states of surface residual stresses are complicated and affected by the parameters of grinding. A typical disk model has been calculated and analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM), and the deformation caused by surface residual stress was presented. Finally, the effect of grinding as final working procedure on the stability of Invar structure was estimated.

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Prakash, Marimuthu K., Kumar C. S. Chethan, and Prasada H. P. Thirtha. "Residual Stresses Modelling of End Milling Process Using Numerical and Experimental Methods." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.106.

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Machining has been one of the most sort of process for realizing different products. It has significant role in the value additions process. Machining is one of the production process where material is removed from the parent material to realize the final part or component. Among machining, the well known machining processes are turning, milling, shaping, grinding and non-conventional machining processes like electric discharge machining, ultrasonic machining, chemical machining etc. The fundamental of all these processes being material removal in the form of chips using a tool either in contact or not in contact. In the present work, milling is being taken for study Finite element analysis is being used as a tool to understand the different phenomenon that underlies the machining processes. Of late, the machining induced residual stresses is of great interest to the researchers since the residual stresses have an impact on the functional performances. The present work is to model the milling process to predict the forces and residual stresses using finite element method. Unlike many researchers, the authors have attempted to develop oblique cutting model rather than an orthogonal cutting model. The present work was carried out on AISI 1045 steel.

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Schieber, C., M. Hettig, M. F. Zaeh, and C. Heinzel. "3D modeling and simulation of thermal effects during profile grinding." Production Engineering 14, no. 5-6 (September 15, 2020): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-020-00983-8.

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AbstractA new heat transfer model for profile grinding was developed to analyze distortions caused by residual tensile stresses in linear guide rails. The simulative analysis of the thermal effects caused by a non-uniform heat source on the surface using the finite element method depends on an accurate representation of the locally variable contact area. The complexity of the V-groove profile disqualifies a 2-dimensional simulation approches so far used in the literature. This paper focuses on the redefinition of these mathematical relationships of the process parameters and the resulting heat flux. The heat flux model is adapted to the geometry of the workpiece depending on the grinding parameters and approximating the V-groove of a linear guide rail. This 3-dimensional modeling allows a better understanding of the thermo-metallurgical effects that occur during the grinding process. Furthermore, the calculation of the internal stresses induced into the workpiece material through the grinding process is possible. The simulation model results in a generally valid model for the analysis of distortions. In order to confirm the validity of the new heat flux profile, a comparison of the different finite element simulation results was made and experiments under wet grinding conditions were conducted. The results show that the newly developed grinding process model allows a more accurate prediction of workpiece distortion caused by grinding forces and temperatures. This research also offers a new approach to a method based on a 2-dimensional implementation developed in the literature for predicting the distortions of linear guide rails and a derivation of possible simulation-based compensation strategies.

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Schieber, Christian, Matthias-Alexander Hettig, F. Michael Zäh, and Carsten Heinzel. "Verzugskompensation beim Schleifen/Distortion compensation during grinding. Computer-aided modelling of distortion compensation strategies." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 03 (2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-03-75.

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Der Schleifprozess ist bedeutend für die Endbearbeitung von Bauteilen und erzeugt hohe Oberflächengüten. Durch die Wärmeentwicklung an der geschliffenen Oberfläche können Zugeigenspannungen in das Bauteil eingebracht werden, welche wiederum in Bauteilverzügen resultieren. Zur Abbildung dieser unerwünschten Eigenschaften werden im Folgenden mittels der Finite-Elemente-Methode Wirkmechanismen im Bauteil modelliert. Auf Basis der Simulationsergebnisse können nachfolgend mechanische und thermische Richtprozesse ausgelegt werden.   The grinding process is a significant finishing process for components and allows for high surface quality. Due to the heat development at the ground surface, tensile residual stresses may be induced into the component, which in turn result in component distortions. In order to determine these unwanted properties, the research work presented here uses the finite element method to model mechanisms of action within the component. Using the simulation results, mechanical and thermal straightening processes can be designed.

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Dogan, Gures, Ilhan Mehmet, Dragoş Florin Chitariu, Cătălin Gabriel Dumitraş, and Vasile Ionuţ Crîşmaru. "FEA Modelling of the Combined Hard TurningRolling Process Used at Bearing Rings." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134302004.

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In general, the production of bearings is a very large series production, which is why in production the technological lines are designed to process a single size of bearings. Changing the production line for different types of bearings is expensive and time consuming, especially where grinding and honing processes are required. An alternative to these abrasive processes is hard turning. The literature indicates that due to highprecision machines, the accuracy of hard-turned parts is comparable to grinding processes. It is also indicated that the integrity of the surface and the topography of the surface together with the residual induced stresses are parameters of interest and that influence the performance of the bearings. So one method of increasing the durability of the bearings is to ensure a low roughness of the elements and high residual induced stresses. Deep rolling is considered as an alternative to honing and rectification processes. Rolling can induce higher surface stresses in the material compared to honing and grinding. The present paper proposes a combined cutting tool made of a hard turning head and a rolling cutting tool for machining bearing rings. A simulation of this combined process is performed with the help of the finite element and thus the internal stress field, the temperature fieldand the topography of the processed surface aredetermined.

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Duscha, Michael, Atilim Eser, Fritz Klocke, Christoph Broeckmann, Hagen Wegner, and Alexander Bezold. "Modeling and Simulation of Phase Transformation during Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.743.

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The grinding process is one of the most important finishing processes in production industry. During the grinding process the workpiece is subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. They can induce thermal damages in terms of phase transformation due to critical temperature history. A holistic model helps to describe and predict the influence of these loads on the residual stresses in the surface layer. In this paper, a very promising approach using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate the surface grinding process in terms of thermal and mechanical loads during grinding of hardened and tempered steels with vitrified bonded CBN grinding wheels is introduced. The investigations were conducted for deep, pendulum and speed stroke grinding. The change of workpiece material properties was modelled as a function of temperature and phase history. The results lead to the necessary time depending temperature distribution within the surface layer. Hence, the phase transformation can be calculated. The FEM software "Sysweld" was used to analyze the phase transformation kinetics. Hence, the size of the rehardened zone after grinding can be predicted. The evaluation of the FEM model with micrographs of ground workpiece specimens showed a strong correlation for different grinding parameters. Based on the understanding of mechanical and thermal loads as well as phase transformation kinetics in the surface layers the resulting residual stresses can be determined.

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BAHÇE, Erkan, M. Sami GÜLER, and Ender EMİR. "Investigation of Surface Quality of CoCrMo Alloy Used in the Tibial Component of the Knee Prosthesis According to the Methods of Turning and Turning-Grinding." Materials Science 26, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.1.21729.

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CoCrMo alloys, which are well-known Co-based biomedical alloys, have many different types of surface integrity problems reported in literature. Residual stresses, white layer formation and work hardening layers are some those, matters which occur as a microstructural alteration during machining. Therefore, such problems should be solved and surface quality of end products should be improved. In this paper, the surface quality of CoCrMo alloy used in tibial component of the knee prosthesis produced by means of turning was investigated. An improvement was suggested and discussed for the improvement in their machinability with the developed turning-grinding method. Finite element analyses were also carried out to calculate temperature and thermal stresses distribution between the tool and the tibial component. The results showed that many parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool geometry, and tool wear affect the surface quality of workpieces of CoCrMo alloy. In the turning-grinding method, the machining time is reduced by about six times compared to machining only method. The EDX analysis performed on the surface after machining showed that metal diffusion occurred from tool to the tibial component.

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Kohls, Ewald, Carsten Heinzel, and Marco Eich. "Evaluation of Hardness and Residual Stress Changes of AISI 4140 Steel Due to Thermal Load during Surface Grinding." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030073.

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During surface grinding, internal material loads are generated, which take effect on the surface and subsurface zone of AISI 4140 steel. High thermal loads can result in specific material modifications, e.g., hardness reduction and tensile residual stresses, due to inappropriate combinations of system and process parameters which influence the functional performance of the ground component in a negative way. In order to avoid this damaging impact due to the thermal effect, an in-depth understanding of the thermal loads and the resulting modifications is required. This relationship is described in the concept of Process Signatures applied in this paper. Experimentally determined temperature-time histories at various depths below the surface were used to estimate the thermal loads at the surface and subsurface using a numerical approach based on the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the hardness change during surface grinding correlates with the maximum temperature rate at given maximum temperatures. In addition, correlations between the hardness change and the Hollomon–Jaffe parameter are identified, taking into account both the absolute temperature and its evolution over time. Furthermore, it was shown that the surface residual stresses correlate with the maximum local temperature gradients at the surface if no detectable tempering of the microstructure takes place.

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Zhang, Guang Xiu, Bin Lin, and Zhen Peng Shi. "Study on the Correlativity between Grinding Parameters and Surface Residual Stresses in Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.480.

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The generation and distribution of workpiece surface and sub-surface residual stress were predicted through the dynamic finite element simulation of the grinding ceramic process. The base of the simulation is that the thermo elastic-plastic finite element theory and the coupling of grinding forces and temperature were adopted. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction measurement compared well with the values calculated from theory. The correlation between grinding parameters and the ceramic residual stresses was investigated. The research results show that the normal grinding force is the primary factor responsible for the generation of residual stress in grinding ceramic. The mechanical effect of the grains is to affect the magnitude, the depth of penetration and the gradient of the residual stresses.

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Kang, Liang, and Yong Ye. "Discrete Element Method Simulation of Residual Stresses in Grinding of Granite with Single Diamond Grain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1304.

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The discrete element model and the model of single diamond grain grinding process of granite were constructed through numerical simulation and calibration of mechanical properties. Based on the models, the grinding processes of granite was dynamically simulated, and the effects of different rank angles, grinding speeds and cutting depths on the distribution of residual stresses as the depth of workpiece were also analyzed. The results show that the residual stress in the workpiece is relatively small after grinding when the tool rank angle lays in a small negative (-200 to 00). Otherwise, when the tool rank angle is too large or too small, there is a significant residual stress. The residual stresses in the workpiece increase with the increase of grinding speed and cutting depth. The residual stress nephogram was accomplished and the generated mechanism of residual stress was also analyzed. The results proved that the discrete element method (DEM) is an effective way to analyze the residual stress

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Wang, Tao, and Guo Ding Chen. "Temperature Field and Thermal Residual Stress of Grinding GH4169 with Conventional Aluminum Oxide Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.238.

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The constitutive relationship of GH4169 superalloy was investigated. The grinding thermal load acting on GH4169 workpiece in grinding process with conventional aluminum oxide wheel was determined by using the method combining finite element method (FEM) with experiment. The grinding temperature field and grinding thermal residual stress generated in GH4169 were calculated via finite element method (FEM). Finally, the relation between grinding parameters and grinding temperature field and that between grinding parameters and thermal residual stress were discussed.

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Smith, D. J., C. G. C. Poussard, and M. J. Pavier. "An assessment of the Sachs method for measuring residual stresses in cold worked fastener holes." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 33, no. 4 (May 1, 1998): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324981512986.

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Measurements of residual stresses in 6 mm thick aluminium alloy 2024 plates containing 4 per cent cold worked fastener are made using the Sachs method. The measurements are made on discs extracted from the plates. The measured tangential residual stress distribution adjacent to the hole edge are found to be affected by the disc diameter. The measured residual stresses are also in good agreement with averaged through-thickness predictions of residual stresses from an axisymmetric finite element (FE) model of the cold working process. A finite element analysis is also conducted to simulate disc extraction and then the Sachs method. The measured FE residual stresses from the Sachs simulation are found to be in good agreement with the averaged through-thickness predicted residual stresses. The Sachs simulation was not able to reproduce the detailed near-surface residual stresses found from the finite element model of the cold working process.

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Garleanu, Delia, Claudia Borda, Gabriel Garleanu, and Victor Popovici. "Model Residual Stress by Finite Element Method." ITM Web of Conferences 16 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181603002.

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This paper presents an original model developed by finite element method to simulate the behavior of the material to the method “Blind Hole Drilling”, to determine the residual stress. Modeling of this method is possible through the use of the “Birth and Death” which have some elements of ANSYS library. After obtaining the analysis of movements, appropriate loads, a node located from the center hole at a radius calculated. In this way it is easier to estimate the stresses and deformations of a piece. Several measurements are made and based on this model is given in ANSYS. In this way we can have a map of tensions and deformations in a material

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Neubrand, Achim, Tai-Joo Chung, Jürgen Rödel, Eric D. Steffler, and Theo Fett. "Residual stresses in functionally graded plates." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 11 (November 2002): 2912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0422.

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Macroscopic residual stresses in Al2O3/Al plates of graded composition were determined experimentally and by the finite element method (FEM). Experimental stress data were determined by sawing a notch in the plates and measuring displacements by Moiré interferometry. Residual stresses were calculated from the displacements using the weight function method. Experimentally determined stresses agreed with FEM data only if measured thermomechanical properties for the different compositions were used for finite element calculations.

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Wan, Yu, Wen Chun Jiang, and Jian Li. "A Parametric Investigation of the Through-Thickness Residual Stresses in the Thick Weld Plate Considering Back Chipping: Neutron Diffraction and Finite Element Method." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.276.

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Neutron diffraction and finite element method were combined to analyze the through-thickness residual stresses in the thick weld plate considering back chipping. Large residual stresses were generated near the surface. Furthermore, the effect of back chipping width, the heat input of the back weld after back chipping, interpass temperature and plate thickness on the residual stresses were conducted by finite element method. The results showed that larger back chipping width could be helpful to decrease the risk of stress corrosion crack. With the decrease of heat input, the stress variation becomes more obvious. The interpass temperature has an obvious effect on the longitudinal residual stresses but little effect on the transverse residual stresses. Nevertheless, the plate thickness has little influence on the residual stress distribution law. Based on the finite element method results, a formula focused on the 10-40 mm thick plates was fitted to calculate residual stresses with the change of depth through thickness, which was verified by neutron diffraction measurement.

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Murakami, Y., and K. Matsuda. "Analysis of Vickers Hardness by the Finite Element Method." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901563.

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A particular formulation of the three-dimensional finite element method specifically for analyzing the Vickers hardness test is established. The Vickers hardness of 0.46 percent carbon steel and 70/30 brass is calculated using the proposed method using the stress-strain curve obtained from a tensile test. The calculated values correlate well with the experimental results for 0.46 percent steel and 70/30 brass. In addition, the analysis predicts the extension of the plastic zone induced by indentation, the stresses at the maximum load, and the residual stresses present after complete removal of the load. At the maximum load there are no tensile stresses in the vicinity of the indenter. However, after removal of the load, large tensile residual stresses are present on the diagonal edge beneath the indentation in the direction perpendicular to the diagonal edge. These results imply that it is necessary to reconsider the accuracy and validity of the conventional indentation method used for the determination of Klc for brittle materials such as ceramics.

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Tu, Lihui, Jianqiang Li, and Weimin Shi. "Investigation on experiment and simulation of the grinding process of cast iron." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 13 (February 18, 2020): 2653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220907928.

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Grinding is used to reduce form error and improve the surface quality of workpiece in metal cutting. To investigate the grinding process of cast iron, a series of grinding tests and simulation of cast iron were carried out. At the same time, the finite element method was used to establish a finite element model to simulate the grinding process of cast iron. In the model, the dynamic effects, thermo-mechanical coupling, Johnson–Cook constitutive model, material damage model, and contact model were taken into account. Then, the grinding process of cast iron was simulated using the established finite element model in the ABAQUS software. Material remove, residual stress, grinding force, and cutting temperature were achieved through the simulation. In addition, the effect of the main grinding parameters (depth of grinding and spindle speed) on residual stress, grinding force, and surface quality in the grinding of cast iron was investigated.

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Sawamiphakdi, K., P. K. Kropp, and G. D. Lahoti. "Investigation of Residual Stresses in Drawn Wire by the Finite Element Method." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903313.

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Based on a finite element modeling of the wire drawing process, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of die geometry and area reduction factor on the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses through the wire cross section at the die exit. Two major variables of die geometry were considered in the study: the die radius and the die inlet angle. Three different die inlet angles of 12.5, 16.0 and 22.0 degrees were used in the analyses while the die radius was fixed at 25.4 mm. The die inlet angle was then set at 16.0 degrees and the die radius was varied from 12.7 mm through 38.1 mm in 12.7 mm increments. For each of the above cases, the area reduction factor was considered for 16.0 and 20.0 percents. In addition, the effect of initial stresses in wire was also investigated. The calculated results were compared to the analytical results published in the literature and an excellent agreement was obtained. The parametric study indicated that the die inlet angle has significant effect on the residual stresses at the surface of drawn wire. Specifically, smaller die inlet angle causes less tensile stresses at the surface and more compressive stresses at the center. The larger die radius reduces the level of residual stresses, but this reduction is only marginal. No significant change in either magnitude or distribution on patterns of residual stresses due to the initial stresses were found.

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Yu, He, Shou Ju Li, and Ying Xi Liu. "Finite Element Simulation for Residual Stresses in Weling Process." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1915.

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Owing to localized heating by the welding process and subsequent rapid cooling, the residual stresses can arise in the weld itself and in the base metals. The prediction procedures of the residual stresses in welding process were presented by using finite element techniques. The bilinear elastic-plastic material model based on Von Mises yield criterion was developed. The material non-linearity of weldment and welding fluid was dealt with using an incremental technique. Inside each step, the Newton-Raphson iteration method was utilized. A fully coupled thermo-mechanical two-dimensional analysis was performed with finite element method. The model applied in this study adopts the technique of element birth and death to simulate the weld filler variation with time in multi-pass welded joints. The effects of welding speed on residual stresses are discussed.

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Shokrieh, M. M., and M. Safarabadi. "Effect of fibre transverse isotropy on micro-residual stresses in polymeric composites." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 46, no. 8 (August 13, 2011): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324711416184.

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In this paper, the influence of transversely isotropic behaviour of the fibre on micro-residual stress fields is investigated. For this purpose, the energy method is utilized to predict the micro-structural stresses in polymer matrix composites under uniform thermal loads. The representative volume element (RVE) considered here includes a transversely isotropic fibre embedded in an isotropic polymer matrix. Based on the energy method, a three-dimensional closed-form solution for micro-residual stresses is obtained. The analytical results are evaluated with a finite element solution. The analysis shows that the transversely isotropic behaviour of the fibre greatly increases the fibre and matrix axial residual stresses in comparison with the isotropic fibre assumption. Fibre anisotropy has a significant effect on the interfacial shear stress distribution, in contrast with the interfacial radial stress field. Both the finite element solution and analytical method result in a similar behaviour for micro-residual stresses distribution along the fibre length. However, the finite element method cannot satisfy the stress-free condition for the residual shear stress at the fibre end due to the stress singularity.

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Hodek, Josef, Antonín Prantl, Jan Džugan, and Pavel Strunz. "Determination of Directional Residual Stresses by the Contour Method." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101104.

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This study evaluated residual stresses in heat-treated specimens made of 316L stainless steel using FE analysis and compared them with stresses determined by the contour method. Contour method is usually used just for evaluation of residual stresses that are normal to the cut plan. In the current study this approach is extended and both normal and tangential stresses are determined. The specimens were cut using wire electrical discharge machine and the contours of the cut were measured using a coordinate measuring machine. The prior treatment of the specimens was simulated using the finite-element method. An appropriate boundary condition and temperature-dependent material model were employed. The finite-element model was validated against neutron-diffraction measurement data. The results showed a good agreement in normal and tangential directions of stress.

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Li, Shou Ju, Ying Xi Liu, Li Juan Cao, and Zi Chang Shangguan. "Computer Simulation of Residual Stresses in Welding Process Using Finite Element Method." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.439.

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The prediction procedures of the residual stresses in welding process were presented by using finite element techniques. Owing to localized heating by the welding process and subsequent rapid cooling, the residual stresses can arise in the weld itself and in the base metals. The bilinear elastic-plastic material model based on Von Mises yield criterion was developed. The material nonlinearity of weldment and welding fluid was dealt with using an incremental technique. Inside each step, the Newton-Raphson iteration method was utilized. A fully coupled thermo-mechanical twodimensional analysis was performed with finite element method. The model applied in this study adopts the technique of element birth and death to simulate the weld filler variation with time in multi-pass welded joints. The effects of welding speed on residual stresses are discussed.

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Nishimura, T. "On Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Tubes With Longitudinally Nonuniform Stress Distribution." Journal of Applied Mechanics 60, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900793.

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New equations for calculating residual stress distribution are derived from the theory of elasticity for tubes. The initial distribution of the stresses including the shearing stress is computed from longitudinal distributions of residual stresses measured by the X-ray methods at the surface after removal of successive concentric layers of material. For example, the residual stresses of a steel tube quenched in water were measured by the X-ray diffraction method. The new method was also applied to a short tube with hypothetical residual stress distribution. An alternative finite element analysis was made for a verification. The residual stresses computed by finite element modeling agreed well with the hypothetical residual stresses measured. This shows that good results can be expected from the new method. The equations can also be used for bars by simple modification.

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Zheng, Jian Yi, Wen He, and Run Jie Shen. "Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Butt Welding Based on Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.696.

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The butt welding of 45 carbon structural steel has been analyzed using a nonlinear transient finite element (FE) model. With numerical analysis technology, welding heat transfer and thermal elasto-plastictity have been progressed. Also the effects of welding seam growth with heating source movement have been studied using the birth and death technique. For this purpose, a 3-D structural and thermal direct-coupled solution has been used to obtain the temperature changing curves and residual stresses distributions. In addition, the variations of physical properties of material with temperature have been taken into account. Results indicate that the heating speed of welding is rapid, and the distributions of residual stresses are not symmetrical along the welding seam’s centerline, and the residual stresses are change along the welding direction and also in the plate-thickness. It has been shown that use of 3-D direct coupled-field and nonlinear transient model will lead to more accurate and realistic results.

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Liu, Wei Xiang. "Modeling of Engineering Ceramics Grinding Surface Residual Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.281.

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Because of hard and brittle properties of ceramic materials, grinding and polishing the surface is the main processing methods, after grinded and polished, ceramics surface appear residual stresses and resulting in the cracks. Ceramic grinding surface residual stress are caused by machinery and thermal stress, residual stress generation mechanism is due to the combined effection under various stress, the workpiece transient temperature field can be calculated by triangle moving heat source model, the stress-strain relationship can be carried out in plastic region. according to the relationship between displacement increment and strain increment, can calculate element strain rate,in strong grinding, due to heat transfer time increases and the contact arc length increases, the maximum temperature is proportional to the available between the unit width and grinding ratio contact length, two regression method is used in study the effect of grinding parameters on surface residual stresses.

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Strenkowski, J. S., and J. T. Carroll. "A Finite Element Model of Orthogonal Metal Cutting." Journal of Engineering for Industry 107, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3186008.

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A finite element model of orthogonal metal cutting is described. The paper introduces a new chip separation criterion based on the effective plastic strain in the workpiece. Several cutting parameters that are often neglected in simplified metal-cutting models are included, such as elastic-plastic material properties of both the workpiece and tool, friction along the tool rake face, and geometry of the cutting edge and workpiece. The model predicts chip geometry, residual stresses in the workpiece, and tool stresses and forces, without any reliance on empirical metal cutting data. The paper demonstrates that use of a chip separation criterion based on effective plastic strain is essential in predicting chip geometry and residual stresses with the finite element method.

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Akpobi, John A., and C. O. Edobor. "Development of a Model for Analysing Forging Process." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.621.

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This paper reports an examination of the stresses and pressure fields set up at various cross-sections of a material during forging operation by the weighted residual finite element method. We present the numerical solution to the one-dimensional differential equation which describes the pressures and stresses exerted on a forging. In conducting the analysis, we split the blank into a finite number of elements and apply the Bubnov-Galerkin weighted residual scheme to obtain the weighted integral form; the finite element model is then developed from this weighted integral form which is solved to yield a three-parameter polynomial solution. Using series of examples, we show that the weighted residual finite element method is capable of accurately predicting the pressures and stresses in an open die forging operation.

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Chang, Chia Lung, Yan Huo Kao, You Lung Jao, and Chih Laing Chang. "Residual Stress Measurements of Cylindrical Parts by Hole Drilling Strain Gage Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.462.

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Hole drilling strain gage method is a semi-destructive measurement. The method is most commonly used to measure residual stresses. The relieved strains are measured around the drilled hole, and the residual stresses are estimated by the mechanical relationship between relieved strains and residual stresses as well calibration coefficients. The calibration coefficients indicate the relieved strains due to unit stresses within the hole depth. Finite element method is always used to determine the calibration coefficients, and the analytical model is based on the infinite plate. But the geometrical shape and size of cylindrical part are different from the infinite plate. The relieved strains around the drilled hole are different too. Finite element model of the cylindrical part is constructed to obtain the hole drilling calibration coefficients. The measurement of residual stresses in a cylindrical part subject to axial loading calculated by calibration coefficients of both infinite plate and cylindrical part model are compared to show the difference.

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Rodríguez, Eduardo, Cristina Martín, José Luis Cortizo, Julio Guirao, and José Manuel Sierra. "Validation of Residual Stresses of Finite Element Simulation of Multi Pass Butt-Welded Plates Using the Contour Method." Materials Science Forum 681 (March 2011): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.67.

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In this paper a comparison between the results obtained using multi pass welding finite element (FE) simulation and the contour method was made to evaluate the accuracy in residual stresses simulated for plates with different thicknesses. The contour method has been used to measure the residual stresses in multi pass butt-welded plates. Two 316 austenitic stainless steel multi pass Metal Inert Gas (MIG) butt-welded plates of 10 mm thickness were cut using wire Electric Discharge Machining (EDM). The measurements of the cross-section were made with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and the points obtained were used to calculate the residual stresses by mean of static analysis of finite elements. A multi pass welding FE simulation of the two plates was made to obtain the residual stresses after time cooling. The simulated results are generally in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Other plates of 25 mm thickness and the same material were multi pass MIG butt-welded to evaluate the behavior with different thicknesses. In this case the number of passes was 11. The same method was applied to obtain the residual stresses. A comparison between different thicknesses was made. The residual stresses validation will allow the finite element simulation to be used for the later simulation of residual stresses relaxation.

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Hernández, Maribel, Ricardo R. Ambriz, Christian García, and David Jaramillo. "The Thermomechanical Finite Element Analysis of 3003-H14 Plates Joined by the GMAW Process." Metals 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060708.

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The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process was used to weld 3003-H14 plates under restricted and unrestricted thermal expansion. Experimental and numerical analysis were conducted to determine the relation between weld thermal cycles and residual stresses. A customized data acquisition system with K-type thermocouples was used to measure the weld thermal cycles, while residual stresses were determined by the hole drilling method. Thermo-mechanical simulation models for the two restricted conditions were implemented from the experimental data obtained. A double ellipse heat distribution geometry was used to model the heat moving source by using the finite element method. Thermal rates and peak temperatures were approximated by the finite element model with 2% difference, with respect to the experimental weld thermal cycles. Longitudinal and transverse normal residual stresses determined by the finite element model showed a good comparison with experimental measurements. The larger residual stresses were in the transverse direction for both clamping conditions, which indicated that working loading paths along the lateral direction of the welded plate are more influenced by the post-welding residual stresses.

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Brar, Gurinder Singh, and Gurdeep Singh. "FEA of Residual Stresses in Butt Welded Type Low Carbon Steel Using MMAW Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2686–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2686.

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Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Welding is widely employed in diverse structures such as ships, aircraft, marine structures, bridges, ground vehicles, pipelines and pressure vessels. When two dissimilar plates are joined by welding process, a very complex thermal cycle is applied to the weldment, which further causes inhomogeneous plastic deformation and residual stress in and around fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). Presence of residual stresses may be beneficial or harmful for the structural components depending on the nature and magnitude of residual stresses. In this study, a finite element analysis has been carried out to analyze the thermo-mechanical behaviour and effect of residual stress state in butt-welded in low carbon steel plates. A coupled thermal mechanical three dimension finite element model was developed. Finite element method based software SolidWorks Simulation, was then used to evaluate transient temperature and residual stress during butt welding of two plates. Plate thickness of 8 mm were used which are normally joined by multi-pass operation by Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) process. During each pass, attained peak temperature and variation of residual stresses in plates has also been studied. The results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from X-ray diffraction method as published by Murugan et al. for the prediction of residual stresses.

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Savard, M., D. Beaulieu, and M. Fafard. "Nonlinear finite element analysis of three-dimensional frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-050.

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This paper presents a numerical model for the nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional frames using the finite element method. The model is based on a general variational formulation for thin-walled beams with open or closed sections; the mathematical development uses an updated Lagrangian description for shallow arches, taking into account geometrical and material nonlinearities, residual stresses, member initial imperfections, warping, and connection flexibility. The model has been used to evaluate second-order effects and the influence of residual stresses and joint flexibility on the behavior of plane frames. A semirigid space frame has been analyzed and the gain in rigidity offered by a horizontal rigid diaphragm has been evaluated. Key words: analysis, connection, finite element, nonlinearity, residual stress, thin-walled beams, warping.

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Abdelnaby, A. H., G. P. Potirniche, A. Elshabini, F. Barlow, and R. Parker. "A Comparison of Back Grinding Processes for Bare Silicon and Through-Silicon Via Wafers Using Numerical Simulations." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.298.

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The optimization of grinding parameters for silicon wafers is necessary in order to reduce the likelihood of residual stresses and crack nucleation in the machined surface and improve the reliability of electronic packages. This paper describes numerical simulations performed to characterize the back grinding process for bare silicon wafers and through-silicon via (TSV) wafers using the finite element code ABAQUS. The grinding of the two wafer types was performed by simulating the motion of a diamond particle cutting through successive silicon and TSV layers. The silicon material was modeled using orthotropic elasticity and isotropic plasticity, while the copper vias were modeled using isotropic elasticity and Johnson-Cook plasticity. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material used as a backing tape for the silicon wafer was modeled using the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model. The computed residual stresses and the plastic deformation in the superficial layer of the ground wafer were compared with experimental values and good correlation was observed. The simulation results can be used to better understand the local stresses and strain fields in both bare silicon and TSV wafers, and to quantify the effect of the copper vias on the wafer properties during and after grinding.

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Ji, Hua, Guo Qing Gou, Hui Chen, Da Li, Chuan Ping Ma, Ai Qin Tian, and Zhi Cheng Guo. "Residual Stress Characterization of A7N01-T5 Welds for High Speed Train by X-Ray Diffraction and Verification." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.896.

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Welding residual stresses have an effect on many aspects of the integrity of structures but are normally one of the largest unknown stresses. Residual stresses are difficult to measure and to estimate theoretically but are often significant when compared with the service stresses. In this paper, measurement of residual stresses by X-ray diffraction technique using two different fitting methods (Gaussian and PearsonⅦ) was compared with analysis of a sample geometry by theoretical finite-element methods. The square map RS characterization of A7N01-T5 welds was shown. The results indicate RS measured by XRD and simulated by finite-element method show good qualitative agreement.

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Wu, Gang, Jinheng Luo, Lifeng Li, Yan Long, Shuxin Zhang, Yujie Wang, Yao Zhang, and Shuyi Xie. "Control of Welding Residual Stress in Large Storage Tank by Finite Element Method." Metals 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091502.

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T-joint welding is a key manufacturing process of large storage tanks. However, complex residual stresses are generated and have a great effect on the structural integrity of storage tanks. The high residual stress caused by welding and the discontinuous structure may result in tank cracking and failure. In this work, the residual stress distributions on the inner surface, outer surface, and thickness direction of the T-joint were investigated by using the finite element method and indentation test method. The effect of local PWHT with different heating temperatures, heating rates, and heating widths on the residual stress distribution was also discussed. Results show that the residual stress of the T-shaped joint is high due to the serious structure discontinuity, multi-layer welding, and high strength. Among all the stresses, the circumferential residual stress is the highest and most concentrated in the outer weld connected with the annular plate. The residual stress gradually decreases with the increase in the heat treatment temperature. When the heating rate is less than 106 °C/h, the residual stress gradually decreases with the decrease in the heating rate. The large thermal deformation caused by heat treatment can be simultaneously avoided by heating the inside and outside of the T-joint. The residual stress decreases with the decrease in the width of the heating zone. The residual stress can be regulated by using a smaller width in the heating zone. An optimized heat treatment scheme with a heating temperature of 700 °C, heating rate of 56 °C/h, and heating width of 200 mm was proposed, which has a good ability to control residual stresses and improve the quality of the T-joint. It also has a good application in engineering.

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38

Liu, Wei Xiang. "Research on Residual Stress of Engineering Ceramic Grinding Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.259.

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As a kind of special hard and brittle engineering materials, in the grinding process, ceramic parts are prone to product cracks which affect seriously on the strength of the parts, and the residual stress is the main reason for cracks producting. Grinding parameters, grinding force and grinding temperature have a certain impact on the residual stress, and the residual stress effects on the fracture strength and fatigue strength of parts. ceramic grinding surface residual stress are caused by the combined effect, like plastic deformation, phase change, the microscopic plastic deformation of the material and the cold burnishing. The residual stress test several methods have X-ray diffraction method, perturbation degree method, indentation fracture. thermal elastic-plastic finite element method can be used to calculate grinding surface residual stress on ceramic and other hard and brittle materials.

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Ghasemi, Ahmad Reza, Mohammad Mohammadi Fesharaki, and Masood Mohandes. "Three-phase micromechanical analysis of residual stresses in reinforced fiber by carbon nanotubes." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 12 (September 20, 2016): 1783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316669854.

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In this study, circular disk model and cylinder theory for two dimension (2D) and three dimension (3D), respectively, have been used to determine residual stresses in three-phase representative volume element. The representative volume element is consisting of three phases: carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and polymer matrix, that carbon fiber is reinforced by carbon nanotube using electrophoresis method. Initially, the residual stresses analysis of two-phase representative volume element has been implemented. The two-phase representative volume element has been divided to carbon fiber and matrix phases with different volume fractions. In the three-phase representative volume element, although the volume fraction of carbon fiber is constant and equal to 60%, the volume fractions of carbon nanotubes for various cases are different as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. Also, there are two different methods to reinforce the fiber according to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the carbon fiber and carbon nanotube in two longitudinal and transverse directions; carbon nanotubes are placed on carbon fiber either parallel or around it like a ring. Subsequently, finite element method and circular disk model have been used for analyzing micromechanic of the residual stresses for 2D and then the results of stress invariant obtained by the finite element method have been compared with the circular disk model. Moreover, for 3D model, the finite element method and cylinder theory have been utilized for micromechanical analysis of the residual stresses and the results of stress invariant obtained by them, have been compared with each other. Results of the finite element method and analytical model have good agreement in 2D and 3D models.

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Kartal, Mehmet E. "Analytical solutions for determining residual stresses in two-dimensional domains using the contour method." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2159 (November 8, 2013): 20130367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0367.

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The contour method is one of the most prevalent destructive techniques for residual stress measurement. Up to now, the method has involved the use of the finite-element (FE) method to determine the residual stresses from the experimental measurements. This paper presents analytical solutions, obtained for a semi-infinite strip and a finite rectangle, which can be used to calculate the residual stresses directly from the measured data; thereby, eliminating the need for an FE approach. The technique is then used to determine the residual stresses in a variable-polarity plasma-arc welded plate and the results show good agreement with independent neutron diffraction measurements.

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41

Chen, Shizhe, Muying Guo, Yicheng Li, Xian Dong, and Jianian He. "Effects of Residual Stresses on Fatigue Crack Propagation of T-Joint Using Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM)." Metals 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081368.

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The welds of T-joints are prone to fatigue cracking owing to stress concentrations and welding residual stresses. Previous studies investigated the crack propagation rate using numerical simulations; however, most employed two-dimensional models and ignored the effect of residual stresses. In this study, reliable temperature and residual stress fields were obtained through numerical simulations and verified experimentally. The effects of residual stresses on crack propagation were then investigated under different loading conditions. The residual stress field caused the direction of crack propagation to shift towards the web and accelerated the crack propagation speed with increasing displacement loading.

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42

Masaoka, Koji, and Alaa Mansour. "Ultimate Compressive Strength of Imperfect Unstiffened Plates: Simple Design Equations." Journal of Ship Research 48, no. 03 (September 1, 2004): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2004.48.3.191.

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A simple design equation for predicting the ultimate compressive strength of unstiffened plates with misalignment, initial deflection, and welding residual stresses is developed in this study. A nonlinear finite element method is used to investigate the ultimate strength of the imperfect plate. The method incorporates both geometric and material nonlinearity. Buckling and plasticity behavior of the plate can be expressed using this finite element system. The results from the finite element method and an analytical method using large deflection theory together with rigid-plastic theory are compared. It was found that the analytical method using large deflection and rigid-plastic theory is not always accurate. Reduction factors of the ultimate strength due to welding residual stresses and initial deflection are generated from the results of the nonlinear finite element method. A new equation for ultimate strength of imperfect plates was developed using these reduction factors. The accuracy of the proposed new equation is confirmed by comparing it with the finite element results.

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43

Cherecheș, Ioan Aurel, Cristian Dudescu, Gheorghe Daniel Lakatos, Ioan Vidican, and Mircea Bejan. "State of Stress Determination in a Water Drinker by Numerical and Experimental Methods." Key Engineering Materials 601 (March 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.601.45.

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This paper presents the evaluation of residual stresses and stresses induced by external loads in a water drinker by numerical and experimental methods. The part, used in animal husbandry, is made of grey cast iron (EN GJL 200). Numerical simulations were based on the finite element method, using ANSYS Workbench software to determine the stresses produced by external loads and finite volume method, using NovaFlow software, to determine residual stresses. The results obtained by numerical methods, were validated by experimental methods. Applied experimental methods consist of electrical resistive strain gauge technique to determine the state of stress in various loading conditions and the blind hole method to determine residual stresses, respectively.

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Wang, Su Yu, Xing Ai, Jun Zhao, and Z. J. Lv. "FEM Simulation of the Residual Stress in the Machined Surface Layer for High-Speed Machining." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.140.

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An orthogonal cutting model was presented to simulate high-speed machining (HSM) process based on metal cutting theory and finite element method (FEM). The residual stresses in the machined surface layer were obtained with various cutting speeds using finite element simulation. The variations of residual stresses in the cutting direction and beneath the workpiece surface were studied. It is shown that the thermal load produced at higher cutting speed is the primary factor affecting the residual stress in the machined surface layer.

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Cao, Li Juan, Shou Ju Li, and Zi Chang Shangguan. "Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses Induced from Shot Peening with Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1898.

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Shot peening is a manufacturing process intended to give components the final shape and to introduce a compressive residual state of stress inside the material in order to increase fatigue life. The modeling and simulation of the residual stress field resulting from the shot peening process are proposed. The behaviour of the peened target material is supposed to be elastic plastic with bilinear characteristics. The results demonstrated the surface layer affected by compressive residual stresses is very thin and the peak is located on the surface.

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46

Azizpour, K., H. Moshayedi, and I. Sattari-far. "Application of low transformation-temperature filler to reduce the residual stresses in welded component." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 4536–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.14.0384.

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Tensile residual stress is a major issue in integrity of the welded structures. Undesirable tensile residual stress in welding may reduce fracture toughness and fatigue life of welded structures. The low transformation-temperature (LTT) fillers, due to introducing compressive residual stresses caused by prior martensitic transformation, can reduce tensile residual stresses in the weld zone. The effects of using LTT fillers on welding residual stresses of high strength steel sheets are studied and compared with conventional fillers. 3D finite element simulations including coupled thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analyses are developed using SYSWELD software to predict the welding residual stresses. For validation of the finite element model, the residual stresses are measured through hole drilling strain gage method. The results indicate that using the LTT fillers cause a decrease of the longitudinal tensile residual stresses of the weld metal from 554 MPa to 216 MPa in comparison with conventional fillers. The transverse residual stresses of the weld line are changed from tensile 156 MPa to compressive 289 MPa with using LTT fillers instead of conventional fillers.

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Yang, Xin Wei, Xin Hua Ji, Yong Ming Xing, and Yu Wen Qin. "Interfacial Residual Stress Measurement of SiC/Epoxy Composites by Microphotoelastic Method." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.273.

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Interfacial residual stresses play an important role in the mechanical properties. In this paper, the interfacial residual stresses of SCI/Epoxy composites were determined using a novel technique-microphotoelastic method. The thermal residual stress field was also numerically simulated using a finite element software MSC.MARC. The difference and the similarities between the experimental results and the simulation of FEM analysis were discussed and the availability of the method was preliminarily certified.

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Acevedo, Claire, Jean Marie Drezet, J. P. Lefebvre, Laurent D'Alvise, and A. Nussbaumer. "Residual Stresses in As-Welded Joints: Finite Element Modeling and Neutron Difraction Stress Measurements." Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (September 2011): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.335.

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This paper describes the numerical analysis method used to estimate welding induced residual stresses in K-shape tubular bridge joints. The knowledge of residual stress distribution is required to design the geometry of K-joints loaded under fatigue stresses. Numerical simulations are focused on the arc welding MAG process, generally used to weld joints in bridge construction. Thermo-mechanical analyses are performed in 3D using two finite element codes:ABAQUS® and MORFEO® . ABAQUS has the advantage to offer large analysis capabilities(nonlinear, transient, dynamic, etc.) whereas MORFEO is more dedicated to welding processes and offers the possibility to analyze crack propagation under fatigue loads. Computed residual stresses in the region surrounding the weld are compared with measured residual stresses in order to estimate the ability of the codes to reproduce these stresses. Position, orientation and magnitude of the highest residual stress components are discussed.

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Chaaban, A., and U. Muzzo. "Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stresses in Threaded End Closures." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928773.

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Due to the high stress concentration at the root of the first active thread in threaded end closures of high pressure vessels, yielding may occur in this region during the application of the first pressure cycle or proof testing. This overstraining introduces residual stresses that influence the fatigue performance of the vessel. This paper presents a parametric analysis of threaded end closures using elastic and elasto-plastic finite element solutions. The results are used to discuss the influence of these residuals on the estimated fatigue life when the vessel is subjected to repeated internal pressure. A simple empirical method to allow for the Bauschinger effect of the material is also proposed.

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de Swardt, R. R. "Finite Element Simulation of the Sachs Boring Method of Measuring Residual Stresses in Thick-Walled Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1593700.

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During a recent study the residual strain/stress states through the walls of autofrettaged thick-walled high-strength steel cylinders were measured with neutron diffraction, Sachs boring and the compliance methods (Venter et al., 2000, J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des., 35, pp. 459–469). The Sachs boring method was developed prior to the advent of high speed computers. A new method for the data reduction was proposed. In order to verify the proposed procedure, the Sachs boring experimental method was simulated using finite element modeling. A residual stress field was introduced in the finite element method by elasto-plastic finite element analysis. The physical process of material removal by means of boring was simulated by step-by-step removal of elements from the finite element mesh. Both the traditional and newly proposed data reduction methods were used to calculate the residual stresses. The new data reduction method compares favorably with the traditional method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grinding, Finite Element Method, Residual Stresses'

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