Journal articles: 'Grinding -Alloys'

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Niu, Qiu Lin, Guo Giang Guo, Xiao Jiang Cai, Zhi Qiang Liu, and Ming Chen. "Analysis of Specific Energy of TC18 and TA19 Titanium Alloys in Surface Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.147.

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As two kinds of advanced titanium alloys, TC18 and TA19 were introduced in this paper. The machinabilities of TC18 and TA19 alloys were described in the grinding process. Grinding experiments were completed using green silicon carbide grinding wheel with the coarser 100 grit. Grinding forces and specific energy in surface grinding were investigated. And then, for studying the grinding characteristic, SEM images of the workpiece material were obtained. The results indicated that specific chip formation had the great effect on the mechanism of grinding TC18 and TA19 alloys, and the scratch was the main characteristic of surface grinding. TC18 alloy had the poor grinding performance compared to TA19 alloy.

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Zhang, Hong Xia, Wu Yi Chen, Xiu Zhuo Fu, and Li Xia Huang. "Grinding Characteristics and Mechanism of Ceramic Alumina Wheels on Aeronautical Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.373.

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The present investigation was dedicated to elucidate grinding characteristics during surface grinding of titanium alloy(TC6) and high temperature alloy (GH2132) by using silicon carbide(SiC) and sol-gel (SG) wheel respectively. The grinding characteristic of SG wheel on aeronautical alloys was studied on the base of systematical measurement of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and grinding ratio. The results indicated that the SG grinding wheel possesses excellent grinding properties and is more suitable for grinding these aeronautical alloys compared with conventional abrasive tools. Finally, the grinding mechanism of new-typed SG wheel was unveiled on the base of the microcrystalline structure analysis of SG grains.

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Лосев, Е., E. Losev, В. Попов, V. Popov, Д. Лобанов, D. Lobanov, П. Архипов, P. Arkhipov, А. Янюшкин, and A. Yanyushkin. "Surface quality of tungstenfree hard alloys after diamond machining." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17318.

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The quality parameters of TN-20 hard alloy after the diamond machining are determined. The technology of combined electro-diamond grinding, which allows resolving the problems of equipment modernization and definition of optimal machining conditions of tungstenfree hard alloys, is developed. The methods of metallographic and spectral analysis, which determined the reasons of low quality of surfaces of tungstenfree hard alloys after abrasive machining, are used. Based on the analysis of the research results, the combined electro-diamond grinding technology for improving the machining performance of parts from tungstenfree hard alloys, is recommended.

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Nosenko, Vladimir A., S. V. Nosenko, and V. E. Puzirkova. "Grinding of Titanium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.287.

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X-ray spectroscopic microanalysis was used to determine the concentration of titanium on the surface of the wear spot of a silicon carbide crystal during micro-scratching and the concentration of silicon on the treated surface after grinding by a wheel of silicon carbide. The wear resistance and grinding coefficient of titanium alloys under micro-scratching with single crystals and grinding with wheels made of corundum, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride and diamond were determined. The morphology of the treated surface and the regularities of changes in the indicators of the grinding process of titanium alloys with circles of various characteristics were studied. The features of the process of grinding titanium alloys using various lubricants and coolants are shown. The influence of the characteristics of the abrasive tool and grinding modes on low-cycle fatigue on the operation of flat and round grinding of samples made of titanium alloys VT9 and VT22 was studied. The influence of abrasive material, grinding speed, feed and sparkout during finishing on low-cycle fatigue was analyzed. Based on the research, recommendations were given for choosing a rational characteristic of the abrasive tool and processing modes.

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Takahashi, Masatoshi, Masafumi Kikuchi, and Yukyo Takada. "Grindability of Ti−Nb−Cu Alloys for Dental Machining Applications." Metals 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050861.

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We developed high-strength Ti−Nb−Cu alloys and investigated their grindability. The grindability of each alloy was evaluated based on the volume of metal removed per minute (grinding rate) and on the ratio of the metal volume removed to the volume of the wheel material lost (grinding ratio). The grinding rate of the Ti-6%Nb-4%Cu, Ti-18%Nb-2%Cu, and Ti-24%Nb-1%Cu alloys significantly exceeded that of unalloyed titanium at high, medium, and low grinding speeds, respectively. Additionally, the Ti-6%Nb-4%Cu alloy exhibited an excellent grinding ratio. Generally, materials with high strength and hardness frequently exhibit poor machinability; however, the Ti−Nb−Cu alloys developed in our study presented favorable grindability characteristics and, therefore, demonstrated good potential for application as dental titanium alloys that can be subjected to computer-aided design/manufacturing processes.

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Shi, Zhong De, and Helmi Attia. "Feasibility Study on Grinding of Titanium Alloys with Electroplated CBN Wheels." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.73.

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An experimental investigation is reported on the grinding of a titanium alloy using electroplated CBN wheels with water-based grinding fluid and wheel surface cleaning fluid applied at high pressures. This work was motivated by applying grinding fluid and wheel surface cleaning fluid both at high pressures for avoiding wheel loading, which is commonly seen in titanium alloy grinding. The objective is to explore the feasibility to grind titanium alloys with electroplated CBN wheels and high pressure wheel surface cleaning fluid for enhancing material removal rates. Straight surface grinding experiments were conducted on titanium alloy blocks in both shallow depth of cut and creep-feed modes. Grinding power, forces, and surface roughness were measured. Specific material removal rates of 8 mm2/s in shallow cut mode and 3 mm2/s at a depth of cut as high as 3 mm in creep-feed mode were achieved without burning and smearing of ground surfaces. It was showed that it is feasible to grind titanium alloys with electroplated CBN wheels at enhanced removal rates by applying grinding and wheel cleaning fluid at high pressures.

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Syreyshchikova, Nelli Vladimirovna, Viktor Ivanovich Guzeev, Dmitrii Valerievich Ardashev, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Karali Patra, Wojciech Kapłonek, and Krzysztof Nadolny. "A Study on the Machinability of Steels and Alloys to Develop Recommendations for Setting Tool Performance Characteristics and Belt Grinding Modes." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 3978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183978.

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This article presents a methodology for designing belt grinding operations with grinding and lapping machines. It provides the results of a study on the machinability of various steels and alloys with belt grinding, which are then classified according to an indicator that we have developed. Namely, cast aluminum alloys, structural alloy steels, structural carbon steels, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant stainless steels, and heat-resistant nickel alloys have been investigated. The machinability index is the ratio of the performance indicators of the grinding belt and the depth of cut to the indicators of grade 45 structural carbon steels (similar to steel AISI 1045) and similar steels and alloys. The performance indicators of the grinding belt are chosen from a set of calculated and estimated indicators. Experimentally determining the dependences of the performance indicators on the belt grinding modes and conditions, taking into account the established levels of machinability, allowed us to develop recommendations for designing belt grinding operations with grinding and lapping machines. The proposed methodology for designing belt grinding operations guarantees optimal performance and ensures that the necessary quality of the machinable surfaces is achieved. At the same time, it takes into account variable machining conditions, which change within specified limits.

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Okuyama, Shigeki, Akinori Yui, and Takayuki Kitajima. "Grinding Performance of a Grain-Arranged Diamond Wheel against Aluminum Alloys and Ti6Al4V." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.107.

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A grain-arranged diamond wheel was developed and grinding performance of the wheel against aluminum alloys and titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, has been investigated using various kinds of grinding fluid. Mirror finishing of aluminum alloys was successfully performed without grinding burn when emulsion-type grinding fluid with an extreme-pressure additive was used. When oil base lubricants or a fatty acid was supplied using a MQL supply unit, fine finishing could not be done. Mesh size of the grinding wheel had only a minor effect on surface roughness. When Ti6Al4V was ground by the developed wheel, an adhesion of work material on diamond grains occurred causing the finished surface to deteriorate.

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Syreyshchikova, Nelli Vladimirovna, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Munish Kumar Gupta, Krzysztof Nadolny, Khaled Giasin, and Shubham Sharma. "Establishing the Relationship between Cutting Speed and Output Parameters in Belt Grinding on Steels, Aluminum and Nickel Alloys: Development of Recommendations." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081974.

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This paper presents the research results of one of the main technological parameters of belt grinding, i.e., the cutting speed while machining corrosion- and heat-resistant, structural carbon and structural alloy steels, aluminum, and heat-resistant nickel alloys. Experimental and analytical methods are used to establish the dependence of the output parameters of surface belt grinding on the cutting speed and tool characteristics. An analytical model, considering the physical and mechanical properties of the grinding belt (strength depending on the base and bond; the thermal conductivity; the type of grinding operation) and the machined material, is created to determine the belt grinding speed. The output parameters, such as the arithmetic mean of the surface roughness (Ra) and the material removal rate (MRR) during the belt grinding of steels, heat-resistant and light alloys, have been studied. Based on the empirical dependencies of the belt grinding parameters, the model was developed for the selection and setting of the cutting speed of belt grinding for the aforementioned alloys, taking into account the type of operation, the type of the machined material, and the main characteristics of the sanding belt.

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Tao, Yi Yi, Jiu Hua Xu, and Wen Feng Ding. "A Study on Grinding Performance of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.143.

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The machining performance of porous NiTi shape memory alloys prepared using powder metallurgical production technique has been investigated experimentally in the grinding operation. Grinding force ratio, specific grinding energy, surface characteristics were detected. The result reveals that, much difference of grinding characteristics exists among three kinds of NiTi alloy because of the pore rate and the mechanical performance induced by TiH2. Under the experimental conditions, the integrated effects of predominant plastic flow and slight brittle fracture were taken for porous NiTi alloy during grinding. Additionally, the grinding parameters should be chosen carefully, otherwise the surface quality deteriorates and even the microcrack perhaps appears.

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Mizutani, M., Noriyuki Hisamori, T. Mizuno, A. Ezura, I. Ohuchi, H. Ohmori, K. Fujiwara, K. Doi, and K. Kuramoto. "Corrosion Wear Characteristics of ELID-Ground Co-Cr Alloy with Applying Abrasion by Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.201.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the surface properties and corrosion behavior of Co-Cr alloys ground by employing Electrolytic In-process Dressing (ELID) grinding; this evaluation was carried out by abrading the alloy surfaces using ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The evaluation results showed that ELID grinding can be used to perform mirror finishing on Co-Cr alloys. ELID grinding also showed its ability to create a stable modified layer which improves corrosion wear characteristics on the workpiece surface.

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Syreyshchikova, Nelli Vladimirovna, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Munish Kumar Gupta, Krzysztof Nadolny, Khaled Giasin, Muhammad Aamir, and Shubham Sharma. "Relationship between Pressure and Output Parameters in Belt Grinding of Steels and Nickel Alloy." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164704.

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Belt grinding of flat surfaces of typical parts made of steel and alloys, such as grooves, shoulders, ends, and long workpieces, is a good alternative to milling. Several factors can influence the belt grinding process of flat surfaces of metals, such as cutting speed and pressure. In this work, the importance of pressure in the belt grinding was investigated in terms of technological and experimental aspects. The grinding experiments were performed on structural alloy steel 30KhGSN2/30KhGSNA, structural carbon steel AISI 1045, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant stainless steel AISI 321, and heat-resistant nickel alloy KHN77TYuR. The performance of the grinding belt was investigated in terms of surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR), grinding belt wear, performance index. Estimated indicators of the belt grinding process were developed: cutting ability; reduced cutting ability for belt grinding of steels and heat-resistant alloy. It was found that with an increase in pressure p, the surface roughness of the processed surface Ra decreased while the tool wear VB and MRR increased. With a decrease in plasticity and difficulty of machinability, the roughness, material removal rate, reduced cutting capacity (Performance index) qper, material removal Q decreased, and the tool wear VB increased. The obtained research results can be used by technologists when creating belt grinding operations for steels and alloys to ensure the required performance is met.

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Yuan, Suo Xian, and Bo Bi. "Experimental Study on the Belt Grinding Mechanism for Aluminum Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.60.

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As a new technique integrating grinding and polishing, the technology of abrasive belt grinding is considered as a processing method with high quality, high efficiency, low consumption and wide range of application owing to its features of high processing efficiency, “cold” grinding, stable grinding speed, high precision and low costs. Taking aluminum alloy material as object of study and on the basis of the grinding technology of surface abrasive belt grinding machine, this paper carried out in-depth experimental study on the grinding mechanism of abrasive belt with aluminum alloy materials.

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Jackson, M. J., and V. Ruxton. "Creep-Feed Grinding Wheel Development for Safely Grinding Aerospace Alloys." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 2220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05489-7.

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Hasuda, Yuichi, Asahi Handa, Yuki Kobori, Shinichi Kinebuchi, Toshiaki Furusawa, and Yasuo Harigaya. "Grinding of Super-Alloys Using Metal-Bonded CBN Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.143.

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Superalloys, used for turbine blades and jet engines for airplanes, have low heat conduction and high strength at elevated temperature. These properties make it very difficult to obtain effective grinding processes with high accuracy. Superalloys with fine performance under high temperature circumstances attract great attention to be used as the material for turbine blades. It has been expected to establish reliable efficient grinding of superalloys at the final grinding process. In this study, the influence of wheel wear, grinding ratio, and surface roughness, with the grinding process of superalloys, using metal bonded CBN wheel were carefully observed. Since superalloys have lower heat conduction and they cause a severe wheel wear, which leads to low grinding ratio. However, the high grinding ratio of about 800 and the stable figure of surface roughness of Rz=2μm were obtained when Co-base PWA647 and X45 were ground by using metal-bonded CBN wheel. Consequently, the Co-base superalloys perform rather well producing finer grinding process than the intensive Ni-base or Fe-base superalloys.

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Yang, Chang Yong, Jiu Hua Xu, and Wen Feng Ding. "Grinding Force in Creep Feed Grinding of Titanium Alloy with Monolayer Brazed CBN Wheels." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.94.

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In this paper, grinding forces of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are measured during creep feed grinding with brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheels. The effects of process parameters on grinding force, force ratio and specific grinding energy are investigated in detail. The grinding force is low and force ratio is about 1.5, and the specific grinding energy of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V is about 65J/mm3. Also, CBN wheels brazed with composite filler of Ag-Cu-Ti and 0.5wt.% lanthanum show better grinding performance than the counterpart brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti filler in this investigation.

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Medvedeva, Olga, Pavel Arkhipov, and Alexander Yanyushkin. "Influence of hard alloys CEDG modes on the size of dissolved layer." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822403002.

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Correctly assigned technological modes of processing define the accuracy of forming, optimum mechanical and electrochemical speed of the processed material removal, quality and durability of the cutting tool as well as provide the self-sharpening conditions for the grinding wheel. The purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of hard alloys combined electric diamond grinding (CEDG) by establishing a dependence between the amount of material removed by mechanical cutting and the depth of the layer dissolved by electrolytic processes. Achieving the stated goal allows to solve the problem of defects occurrence on the processed surface and to minimize economic expenses for machine-building production processing. The article presents the results of mathematical calculations of the parameters influence on the size of the dissolved surface layer, as well as the current dependent removal rate for hard alloys. We determine qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the hard alloy dissolved layer dependence on the mechanical and electrical parameters of CEDG, such as the depth of grinding and anode current density, and demonstrate their analytical dependence.

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Buinovskiy, Aleksander, Vladimir Sofronov, Evgenii Kartashov, and Mikhail Kalaev. "Hydrogenation of Nd-Fe Alloys under Conditions of Different Pressure and Hydrogen Concentration." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.44.

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The paper presents the research results of the process of hydride grinding of Nd-Fe alloys, which are used for solid-phase alloying of base magnetic alloys having Nd-Fe-B system in order to improve magnetic characteristics of rare-earth permanent magnets. Alloys having rare-earth metals including Nd-Fe can be produced with the help of the out-of-furnace fluoride technology designed by the authors of this article. Hydrogenation of Nd-Fe alloys is used at the stage of their grinding. It is determined by complexity of mechanical grinding of these alloys because of their tensility and high strength. The thermodynamics of the process of alloy hydrogenation is considered. The effects of hydrogen surplus, the process scale and the surface area of alloys on their hydrogenation rate are investigated. The paper also presents the results of metallographic and roentgen-phase analyses of the sample surfaces of alloys which were hydrogenated. The analysis of the specific surface area of the materials is given.

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Fu, Yu Can, Hong Jun Xu, and Fang Hong Sun. "Experimental Study on Creep Feed Deep Grinding Titanium Alloy with Slotted CBN Grinding Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.166.

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In order to improve the grindability of titanium alloys, the inhibition of chemical affinity between abrasives and titanium alloys and cooling enhancement in grinding zone are carried out in this paper. Slotted electroplated CBN grinding wheels with optimum topography are used, and different grinding fluid supply systems such as conventional tangential spraying coolant supply, inner chamber coolant jet impingement, radial high-pressure coolant jet impingment are employed in creep feed deep grinding experiments on titanium alloy (TC4). The experimental results show that high-pressure jet impingement has remarkable cooling effect. The temperature of the workpiece surface can be steadily kept below the critical film boiling temperature 120~130°C, while the workpiece surfaces is badly burnt with conventional coolant supply. The study will exploit an important research orientation that has great potential in high efficiency grinding. Further perfection of this study will not only enable us to increase the available material removal rate to a new level but also solve the workpiece burn problem of the difficult-to-machining materials in high efficiency grinding.In order to improve the grindability of titanium alloys, the inhibition of chemical affinity between abrasives and titanium alloys and cooling enhancement in grinding zone are carried out in this paper. Slotted electroplated CBN grinding wheels with optimum topography are used, and different grinding fluid supply systems such as conventional tangential spraying coolant supply, inner chamber coolant jet impingement, radial high-pressure coolant jet impingment are employed in creep feed deep grinding experiments on titanium alloy (TC4). The experimental results show that high-pressure jet impingement has remarkable cooling effect. The temperature of the workpiece surface can be steadily kept below the critical film boiling temperature 120~130°C, while the workpiece surfaces is badly burnt with conventional coolant supply. The study will exploit an important research orientation that has great potential in high efficiency grinding. Further perfection of this study will not only enable us to increase the available material removal rate to a new level but also solve the workpiece burn problem of the difficult-to-machining materials in high efficiency grinding.

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Shimada, Keita, Nobuhito Yoshihara, Jiwang Yan, Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa, Yuichiro Sueishi, and Hideshi Tezuka. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding of Ultra-High Purity SUS 316L." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 3 (May 5, 2011): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0427.

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Ultra-High Purity (UHP) alloys providing such excellent properties as high corrosion resistance and toughness are difficult to machine efficiently due to these very properties. To improve machining efficiency, we applied ultrasonic-assisted micro-grinding to UHP alloy machining. We discuss the theoretical model we built of ultrasonic-assisted grinding to study grinding force using statistical calculation. We theoretically estimated and experimentally confirmed the effect of ultrasonic assistance on reducing grinding force.

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Ikari, Tatsuki, Takayuki Kitajima, and Akinori Yui. "Effect of Types of Grinding Fluid on Grinding Characteristics of CMSX4." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0043.

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Nickel-based heat-resistant alloys are widely used for fabricating the turbine blades in gas turbine engines. An increase in the number of such engines operated by air carriers will increase the demand for high-efficiency machining of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys. However, the high-efficiency grinding of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys is challenging because of their low thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, high chemical activity, large work-hardening properties, and high-temperature strength. In this work, the authors propose a high-efficiency grinding technique that uses speed-stroke grinding of nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, and aim to clarify the optimum grinding conditions for the proposed grinding method. The workpiece material is CMSX4 used for the turbine blades. A Cubitron + WA grinding wheel and WA grinding wheel mounted on a linear motor-driven surface grind machines are used for grinding, and the grinding force, surface roughness, and grinding ratio are investigated with the removal rate maintained constant. Two types of grinding fluid are prepared: solution and soluble. From the experiments, it is found that wet grinding features a lower grinding force, smaller surface roughness, and higher grinding ratio when compared to dry-cut grinding. The improvement in the grinding ratio at high table speeds is significant, and it is found to be greater for the soluble-type fluid than for the solution-type fluid.

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Novák, Martin, Natasa Naprstkova, and Ludek Ruzicka. "New Ways in Aluminium Alloys Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 496 (December 2011): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.496.132.

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This paper deals with new possibilities in aluminium alloys grinding. Presently the aluminium alloys have forceful usage in engineering. The using of aluminium alloys we can find in general engineering, automotive industry, cosmonautics, aeronautics and medicine. Wide possibilities of the aluminium alloys using is very important area for production technology too. The traditional process of aluminium alloys is e. g. forming, pressing. In cutting operation is it especially turning and milling operations. Grinding like finishing method of machining is not so used for aluminium alloys machining. This method not doing optimal results in touch with these materials of machined surface quality. This paper shows new ways and possibilities in aluminium alloys grinding.

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Hung, Phi-Trong, Hoang-Tien Dung, Nguyen-Kien Trung, and Truong-Hoanh Son. "The study on surface grinding process of TI–6AL–4V alloy with resinoid cBN grinding wheel." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 22n24 (August 19, 2020): 2040135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401359.

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The grinding process of Titanium (Ti) alloys is extremely difficult as the cutting temperature is much higher than other machining processes due to the low thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity, and rapid work hardening during machining of Ti alloys. This research investigates the effect of technology parameters on the surface roughness in the surface grinding of Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) alloy with resinoid cBN grinding wheel. The experimental results show that the surface roughness is significantly affected by the feed rate, depth of cut (DOC) and cooling condition. Increasing feed rate or DOC all provides the higher surface roughness. The surface roughness obtained in the wet grinding is higher than those of the dry cutting. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of Ti64 surfaces show that the machining surface with fewer defects can be produced with wet grinding process.

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Lv, Shenjin, Wei Wei, and Yang Qiao. "Study on the effect of magnetic needle grinding on the surface integrity and service performance of medical Mg-0.8Ca alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2469, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2469/1/012021.

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Abstract Medical magnesium alloys as biodegradable medical materials are regarded as the third generation of biomedical materials with good biocompatibility and degradability. Still, their application is greatly limited due to their excessive corrosion rate and low mechanical strength. This paper investigates the effect of surface integrity, wettability, and corrosion resistance of Mg-0.8Ca alloy milled surfaces and further magnetic needle magnetic grinding treated surfaces. The test results show that the surface roughness increases after grinding due to the change in surface morphology and work hardening. Still, microhardness, residual compressive stress, wettability, and corrosion resistance are all improved, and the surface is more conducive to cell adhesion and growth. Comparative tests have shown that magnetic pin grinding can effectively enhance magnesium alloy’s application strength and serviceability.

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Nosenko, Vladimir A., Alexander V. Fetisov, and Nikita D. Serdyukov. "Study of Metal, Silicon Carbide Crystals and Ceramic Bond Transfer to the Surface of Titanium Alloy during Grinding." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.515.

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The high adhesive activity of titanium alloys in interaction with abrasive materials is the main cause of poor grinding treatment. The most common abrasive material for grinding titanium alloys is silicon carbide. Silicon carbide wheels operate primarily in self-sharpening mode. Wear of the abrasive tool in the self-sharpening mode occurs as a result of brittle destruction of the fret. The purpose of the study was to determine experimentally the crystalline wear products of an abrasive tool, made of silicon carbide, on the treated surface during grinding of a titanium alloy. Samples of VT9 titanium alloy were processed by flat mortise grinding by a wheel of silicon carbide with the use of VOLTES coolant and the characteristic of the abrasive tool - 64CF80L7V. The treated surface was examined on the electron microscope Versa 3D Dual Beam. The condition of the treated surface testifies to the intensive adhesive interaction of the titanium alloy with the abrasive tool. The thickness of the metal deposits reaches 3 microns. As a result of morphological analysis, objects are identified on the treated surface, the appearance of which allows us to attribute them to crystals. The chemical composition of the selected objects was determined by a microprobe analysis in a microscope camera. On the basis of the conducted researches, a presence on the grinded surface of silicon carbide crystals of various sizes and a ceramic ligament is established.

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Ming, Wei Wei, Qing Long An, and Ming Chen. "Analysis on Centerless Grinding of Titanium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.509.

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Centerless grinding is a widely used manufacturing process in the mass production of precision parts. However, its productivity and precision is largely determined by the grinder set-up conditions, process stability and workpiece surface integrity. Grinding titanium alloys encounters difficulties due to its low thermal conductivity, high shear strength and extreme chemical reactivity. Therefore, the grindability of titanium alloy should be improved in order to increase the productivity for the sake of workpiece quality. In this paper, centerless grinding process was introduced initially and the research of impact factors on centerless grinding performance was reviewed. The problems occurred in the centerless grinding of titanium alloy were studied and optimum guidelines were proposed.

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Beranoagirre, A., and L. N. López de Lacalle. "Grinding of Gamma TiAl Intermetallic Alloys." Procedia Engineering 63 (2013): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.182.

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Packeisen, A., and W. Theisen. "Turning and Grinding of Hard Alloys." Advanced Engineering Materials 1, no. 1 (September 1999): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1527-2648(199909)1:1<35::aid-adem35>3.0.co;2-w.

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Zhang, Xiaodong, Xiaoyang Jiang, Maojun Li, and Pan Gong. "Surface Morphology and Subsurface Microstructure Evolution When Form Grinding 20Cr2Ni4A Alloys." Materials 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010425.

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20Cr2Ni4A alloy is widely used in the manufacturing of heavy-duty gears, although limited information about its machinability during the form-grinding process has been reported. In this work, form-grinding trials on transmission gears of 20Cr2Ni4A alloy under various parameters were conducted. Surface morphology of the gear tooth, surface roughness distribution and microstructure evolution of the machined surface layer were comprehensively studied, and the influence of grinding parameters on grinding performance was investigated. The formation mechanisms of surface/subsurface defects during the form-grinding process, including plastic flow, deep grooves, successive crushing zone, adhesive chips and cavities, were analyzed. Results showed that the change in contact conditions between the grinding wheel and tooth surface led to the decrease in the surface roughness from tooth tip to root. Mechanical force and grinding heat promoted the deformation and refinement of the microstructure within the machined surface layer. With the increase in cutting depth and feed speed, the deformation ratio of the microstructure increased, which was also consistent with the variation trend in the form-grinding temperature.

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Znamenskii, L. G., A. N. Franchuk, and A. A. Yuzhakova. "Nanostructured Materials in Preparation Casting Alloys." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.668.

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The article deals with technologies of refining and inoculating casting alloys with the use of nanostructured diamond powder, as well as stimulation technique on molten metal including processing of the liquid alloy with nanosecond electromagnetic pulses. The developed method of cast iron inoculation allows to eliminate the flare and to increase the physical and mechanical properties of the castings through the grain refining and the decrease of chilling tendency during crystallization of the liquid alloy. Inoculating of aluminium alloys by high-melting particles of a nanostructured diamond powder leads to the grinding of structural constituents, including conditions for dispersing hardening intermetallics during postbaking of such castings. As a result, foundry and physicomechanical properties of castings are significantly improved.

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Huo, Wen Guo, Jiu Hua Xu, and Yu Can Fu. "Grinding Force and Surface Integrity on Dry Belt Grinding of TA15 Titanium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.269.

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This paper was dedicated to elucidate an investigation of grinding force and workpiece surface of Titanium alloy TA15 in dry grinding by using zirconia alumina belts. The grinding forces were measured by KISTLER 9265B dynamometer. Machined surface morphology and the metallographic structure were observed using 3D viewer microscope. Surface roughness was measured using Mahr Perthometer M1 instrument. The surface microhardness for ground surface was detected by HVS-1000 instrument. The good results were obtained, as follows: low surface roughness, high surface hardness, no microstructural damage, in the form cracks or recrystallisation of the grinding surface, the stable grinding performance with zirconia alumina belts, the small plastic deformation depth of workpiece surface (≤5μm). Therefore belt grinding showed excellent performance during grinding titanium alloy.

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Jiang, Bin, Yu Can Fu, Zheng Cai Zhao, Bo Ping, Hai Ning Wang, and Wen Feng Ding. "Experimental Study on Profile Machining of Titanium Alloys with Superabrasive Tools." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.60.

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Electroplated profiled superabrasive grinding wheels which integrate both advantages of grinding and profile milling have been widely used in the machining process the wide chord hollow fan blade rabbets made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, the employment of these tools has been impeded by drastic forces and thermal damage. In order to investigate the variation regularities of grinding forces and temperature with different machining parameters, experiments were carried out with single layer electroplated CBN grinding wheels. Grinding forces and temperature were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, tool life and metallography of workpiece were studied. The results showed that higher spindle speed leads to lower forces and higher temperature. With the increase of feed rate and radial cutting depth, forces and temperature increase. Strong adherence of chips makes abrasives grits blunt which results in the increase of grinding forces after a great deal of tests. Metallographic structure of the machined workpiece is almost identical with the original sample.

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Ding, Wen Feng, Jiu Hua Xu, J. B. Lu, Yu Can Fu, Bing Xiao, and Hong Jun Xu. "Brazed CBN Grinding Wheel with Ag-Base Filler Alloy." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.11.

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In this paper, the disadvantages of the current CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) grinding wheels were firstly introduced briefly, for indicating that it was very urgent and important to develop new kinds of grinding wheels with excellent performance to replace the conventional wheels. Then high temperature brazing experiments of monolayer CBN wheels with Ag-Cu-Ti filler alloy were carried out. The result shows that the filler alloy has good wetting capability towards CBN grits. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), as well X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that, just because during brazing titanium atoms in filler alloys segregated preferentially to the surface of the CBN to form Ti-nitride or Ti-boride layer by reaction between titanium atoms and nitride and boron atoms at elevated temperature, strong chemical joining was formed in the interface between CBN grits and filler alloys. Finally, the contrastive grinding experiments were performed between the monolayer brazed CBN grinding wheels and the electroplated ones. The results show that the brazed wheels have more excellent performance than the latter.

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Nosenko, V. A., V. E. Puzyrkova, N. D. Serdyukov, and D. S. Sleptsov. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIUM ON THE INDICATORS OF THE GRINDING OF STEELS AND TITANIUM ALLOYS WITH A TOOL FROM CORUNDUM AND SILICON CARBIDE." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 8(255) (August 31, 2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-8-255-34-37.

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When grinding titanium alloys with a silicon carbide wheel, the coolant provides cut-free grinding, a decrease in the performance of the grinding process. The coolant has a significant effect on the ratio of the same components of the cutting force on the counter and passing passes of the table when grinding steels with a corundum wheel and titanium alloys with a silicon carbide wheel.

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Kartikasari, Ratna, Adi Subardi, and Andy Erwin Wijaya. "Development of Fe-5Al-1C alloys for grinding ball." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 12 (109) (February 26, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225421.

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Our object of research is to combine the properties of Mn and the advantages of Fe-Al-C to improve the performance of grinding ball materials. Three Fe-5Al-1C alloys with compositions of 15 wt% Mn (FAM15), 20 wt% Mn (FAM20), and 25 wt% Mn (FAM25) were investigated. Argon gas was used to assist the removal of dissolved oxygen and to control the formation of metal oxides during Fe-Al-Mn-C (FAMC) fabrication. Microstructure analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, and the Vickers microhardness tester was used to evaluate hardness. To guarantee the Fe-5Al-1C-Mn alloy phase, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test was performed. The EDS test was carried out to show the composition at different points and to observe the presence of several phases in the FAMC alloy system. A pin-on-disc method was employed for a dry sliding wear test, and corrosion testing was performed using the three-electrode cell polarization method. With the addition of Mn, the Vickers hardness of the FAMC alloy raised from 194.4 VHN at 15 wt% to 265 VHN at 25 wt%. The tensile strength and fracture elongation values were 424.69 MPa, 27.16 % EI; 434.72 MPa, 33.6 % EI; and 485.71 MPa, 38.48 % EI for FAM15, FAM20, and FAM25, respectively. A crucial factor for increasing the performance of grinding ball is the wear mechanism. The wear rate results for FAM25 show a decline of more than 57 % compared to FAM15 due to an increase in the hard intermetallic area. The addition of Mn elements increased the corrosion resistance of the FAMC alloys; the lowest corrosion rate occurred at 25 wt% Mn content at up to 0.036 mm/yr. According to the experimental results, the FAM25 alloys have the highest mechanical and corrosion resistance of the three types of alloys. The FAMC alloy is a promising candidate for application as a material for grinding balls by optimizing the Mn content

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Golabczak, Andrzej, Marcin Golabczak, Andrzej Konstantynowicz, Robert Swiecik, and Marcin Galant. "Modeling and Experimental Investigations of the Surface Layer Temperature of Titanium Alloys during AEDG Processing." Defect and Diffusion Forum 365 (July 2015): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.365.63.

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Observing the latest manufacturing processes, the following tendencies can be noted: the gain of the energetic efficiency and shortening of the processing time with parallel preservation of the dimensions tolerance, shape tolerance and outer layer quality of the processed workpiece. Also the possibilities of gaining efficiency by rising criteria for process parameters are limited. It is mainly observed in the processing of hard machinable materials like titanium alloys or sintered carbides. Problems related to poor machinability were revealed during the final manufacturing processes using abrasive grinding [1,2]. In this work the results which have been presented are related to the influence by selected electrical parameters of the Abrasive Electrodischarge Grinding (AEDG) on the surface layer temperature of machined samples, in comparison to conventional grinding. Also the change in temperature during the AEDG has been depicted. The basis of this work is similar to the investigations of the deep grinding of surfaces of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using CBN and a diamond grinding wheel. For the comparative evaluation of the conventional grinding and AEDG, measurements of the specific grinding energy, energy of the spark discharge and internal stresses in the surface layer have been used.

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Liao, Yunn Shiuan, Y. P. Yu, and C. H. Chang. "Effects of Cutting Fluid with Nano Particles on the Grinding of Titanium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.353.

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The use of cutting fluid containing nano particles in wet grinding and MQL grinding of Ti-6A1-4V is studied. For comparison purpose, experiments by applying the general purpose water-based cutting fluid are also conducted. The loading of the grinding wheel and morphology of the ground surface are observed, and the grinding forces and roughness of the ground surface are measured for analysis. It is found that the use of cutting fluid containing nano particles results in less loading of the wheel and better ground surface as compared with those with the use of the general purpose water-based cutting fluid because of smaller grinding forces and coefficient of friction originated from “lotus effect” of nano particles. MQL leads to better results than wet grinding. This is attributed to the possibility of more nano particles to effectively reach the grinding zone by the assistance of the high pressure air of MQL, which in turns enhances the functions of nano particles in alleviating wheel loading and decreasing coefficient of friction. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that the use of cutting fluid containing nano particles has positive effects on grinding. Especially the MQL, not only can it achieve the best performance, it is also cost effective and environmentally attractive.

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Xiao, Guijian, Kangkang Song, Huawei Zhou, Yi He, and Wentao Dai. "A multi-particle abrasive model for investigation of residual stress in belt grinding of titanium alloys." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 11 (April 9, 2021): 1739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211007985.

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The titanium alloy blade is a key part of an aero-engine, but its high surface efficiency and precision machining present technical problems. Belt grinding can effectively prolong the fatigue life of the blade and enhance the service performance of the aero-engine. However, the residual stress of the workpiece after belt grinding directly affects its service performance and life. The traditional single particle abrasive model simulation is limited in exploring the influence of grinding process parameters on surface residual stress. In this study, an ABAQUS simulation model of multi-particle belt grinding is established for titanium alloy material, a finite element (FE) simulation is conducted with different technological parameters, and the results are analysed. The critical belt grinding experiment is conducted on thin-walled titanium alloy parts, and the distribution characteristics of surface residual stress after grinding are studied to understand the influence of grinding parameters on the formation of surface residual stress. Comparing the results of the FE simulation and the grinding experiment, the common law of stress change and the prediction model are obtained. The results show that the multi-particle belt grinding simulation is consistent with the belt grinding experiment in terms of the influence of grinding parameters on residual stress. The simulation can serve as a guide in actual belt grinding to some extent. Directions for improving the multi-particle abrasive simulation model are discussed.

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Huo, Wen Guo, Jiu Hua Xu, and Yu Can Fu. "The Finite Element Analysis of Surface Temperature on Dry Belt Grinding for Titanium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.219.

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This paper studies the grinding temperature field of dry belt grinding titanium alloys using finite simulation and experiments. A reasonable finite element model of dry belt grinding temperature field is established on the basis of ANSYS. And three kinds of boundary conditions are loaded on the element of a moving line heat source. The corresponding computer program is designed to calculate the temperature field for different grinding parameters, and the experiment results show that the simulated temperature have good agreement with the measuring ones. The model could be utilized to forecast the distribution and variation characteristics of the grinding temperature field under different conditions.

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Qian, Ning, Zhengcai Zhao, Yucan Fu, Jiuhua Xu, and Jiajia Chen. "Numerical Analysis on Temperature Field of Grinding Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy by Oscillating Heat Pipe Grinding Wheel." Metals 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050670.

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When grinding hard-to-machining materials such as titanium alloys, a massive grinding heat is generated and gathers in the grinding zone due to the low thermal conduction of the materials. The accumulated grinding heat easily leads to severe thermal damages to both the workpiece and the grinding wheel. A novel oscillating heat pipe (OHP) grinding wheel is one of the solutions to this phenomenon. The oscillating heat pipe grinding wheel can transfer the grinding heat directly from the grinding zone to avoid heat accumulation and a high temperature rise. In this paper, the temperature field of the grinding Ti-6Al-4V alloy is investigated, via the oscillating heat pipe grinding wheel, by numerical analysis. The three-dimensional thermal conduction model is built accordingly, containing the grinding wheel, grinding zone and Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. Due to the enhanced heat transport capacity of the oscillating heat pipe grinding wheel, the highest temperature in the grinding zone and the temperature on the ground surface of the workpiece decrease dramatically. For example, under a grinding heat flux of 1 × 107 W/m2, when using the grinding wheel without OHP and with OHPs, the highest temperature in the grinding zone drops from 917 °C to 285 °C by 68.7%, and the ground surface temperature decreases from 823 °C to 244 °C by 71.2%. Moreover, the temperature distribution on the grinding wheel is more uniform with an increase of the number of oscillating heat pipes.

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Yin, Liu, Gong Ya-dong, Zhang Huan, Sun Yao, and Cai Ming. "Experimental investigations into grinding characteristics of high entropy alloys (HEAs) using micro grinding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 96, no. 9-12 (March 26, 2018): 4477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1726-2.

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Didyk, R. P., and O. M. Cherkashchenko. "Revivification of the Hard Alloys by Shock Waves." Advanced Engineering Forum 14 (October 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.14.19.

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The purpose. To work out an efficient technology and develop production of supersolid metal-ceramic powders and tools of high quality from processed raw materials.Methods. To stimulate the processes of defect formation and destruction of tungsten containing alloys under conditions of the effect of high pressure gradients and loading rate revivified by shock waves of different intensity.Results. This is the first time explosion energy has been applied to grind hard alloys in cylindrical capsules compared to the traditional methods of recycling. The material obtained in the capsules of impact compression was exposed to finely dispersed structure refinement in drum-type grinding mills with duration 20 times as short as that for the current grinding technology which allowed decreasing energy consumption for grinding process by 7.75 megawatt for one aggregate onlyScientific novelty. Shock waves generated by detonation of condensed explosives have been originally used as tools to stimulate the processes of defect formation of cemented carbide alloys at different scale level. Conditions of preserving the shocked product in axial symmetry facilities has been developed and provided.Practical implications. The use of shock waves in the technology of hard alloy revivification is the only possible method of processing large-size solids with significant reduction of energy consumption and quality-assured production.

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Ananda Kumar, Eriki, K. Prahalada Rao, and A. Johnrajan. "LN₂ Grinding of Ti 6Al-4V Using Novel Bondless Diamond Grinding Wheel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.812.

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Titanium alloys are extremely difficult to machining and economically it’s very expensive, so that to minimize the machining cost using the novel bondless diamond grinding wheel, analyze the performance of nanometric finishing in grinding operation. While machining the Ti alloys, the cutting zone temperature is too high, so that to reduce the temperature of cutting zone and favorable change in the chip-grinding using liquid nitrogen (LN2) coolant for good surface finish.

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Chen, Changhao, Bin Chen, Chaoqun Wu, Xinghua Gu, Xuehai Liu, and Feng Guo. "Theoretical Analysis of Grinding Wheel Deflection Angle on Peripheral Grinding Parameters and Grinding Force." Metals 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12071209.

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The peripheral surface of the grinding wheel can grind the rail according to the envelope of the contour of the rail surface, thus a fuller and smoother rail surface can be obtained. Specifically, a better grinding effect can be obtained in that the end face of the grinding wheel deviates from the longitudinal section of the rail at a certain angle. Based on the traditional grinding technology theory, the mathematical models of the peripheral grinding parameters (kinematic contact arc length, wheel-rail grinding contact area, and maximum undeformed chip thickness) and the grinding force are established, in which the angle exists between the grinding wheel end face and the rail longitudinal section. The main influence of grinding wheel circumferential speed, grinding wheel kinematic speed, and the deflection angle of the grinding wheel end face on the grinding parameters and the force are analyzed. The result shows that: when there is angle θ in the models, the ratios of peripheral grinding parameters between up-grinding and down-grinding varies monotonically with the increase in vm, and their maximum variation range is about 12%, vs has the greatest influence on the peripheral grinding parameters, and the maximum variation range of the ratios is about 20% when the vs is 10 m/s. With the increase in the grinding width, Fa’ cannot be ignored and will increase gradually with the increase in angle θ. The analysis and conclusion have guiding significance for the structural design, grinding control strategy, and experimental research regarding rail curved surface grinding equipment.

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Kumar, Anil, B. Vinith, Aditya Kumar Choudhary, and Manoj Kumar Chopkar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel High Entropy Alloys." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.167.

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High entropy alloys (HEAs) generally exhibit either high resistance to deformation or high toughness due to the presence of body-centered or face-centered cubic structure, respectively. To overcome these limitations, new high entropy alloys have been developed in the present study. This investigation aims to synthesis and characterization of novel CoCrFeNi3Si, CoCrFe2Ni2Si, and Co2CrFeNi2Si high entropy alloys. The mechanical alloying route is used to synthesize these alloys. Grinding was carried out to 20h and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done at different time intervals of grinding. The face-centered cubic structure along with the intermetallic compound of Ni-Si was observed after 20h of grinding. Furthermore, a pseudo binary strategy based on the valence electron concentration and mixing enthalpy is also employed to design the high entropy alloys considered in the present study. Carefully analysis of the XRD pattern indicates that from 5 to 20h of mechanical alloying there is a decrement in the initial peaks of elements observed.

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Lajmert, Paweł, Wojciech Stachurski, and Bogdan Kruszyński. "Effects of grinding conditions on the course of plunge grinding process of titanium alloys on cylindrical grinding machine." Mechanik, no. 12 (December 2015): 982/34–982/37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.12.595.

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Zhao, Hong, Ke Wen, Tianjian Lei, Yinan Xiao, and Yang Pan. "Automatic Aluminum Alloy Surface Grinding Trajectory Planning of Industrial Robot Based on Weld Seam Recognition and Positioning." Actuators 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12040170.

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In this paper, we propose a novel method for planning grinding trajectories on curved surfaces to improve the grinding efficiency of large aluminum alloy surfaces with welds and defect areas. Our method consists of three parts. Firstly, we introduce a deficiency positioning method based on a two-dimensional image and three-dimensional point cloud, which enables us to accurately and quickly locate the three-dimensional defective areas. Secondly, we propose a 2D weld positioning method based on the defect area and obtain the spatial position of the 3D weld by combining the relationship between 2D and 3D images. Additionally, we propose an orthogonal projection method from the point cloud to the aluminum alloy surface to calculate the weld reinforcement. Thirdly, we present a space spiral grinding trajectory planning method for complex curved surfaces based on the characteristics of the weld reinforcement, spatial position, and spatial position information of the defect area. This method shortens the grinding time of the defect area and improves efficiency. Simulation and experimental results show that our grinding trajectory planning method is more efficient than other grinding methods in removing defects from the surface of aluminum alloys. Moreover, the defect area after grinding is smoother than before.

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Rakhimyanov, Kharis, and Valentina Marusina. "Perspectives of the industrial recycling of hard-alloy materials waste by electro-erosive grinding." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401010.

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The creation of efficient industries is possible by using sustainable technologies based on the processes of recycling of the production waste. First of all, it refers to expensive material waste, including hard alloys. The electro-erosive grinding is considered to be the effective method of recycling such materials. The results of research on recycling the tungsten-cobalt hard alloy show the possibility of obtaining tungsten-carbide powders possessing improved physical and mechanical properties. The technology mentioned is also perspective for recycling tungstenless hard-alloy waste both at the laboratory devices equipped with the RC-generator and at the industrial installations of bulky grinding. It is established experimentally that the electro-erosive grinding of the TN20 tungstenless hard alloy at the laboratory provides obtaining the main volume (up to 85%) of the powder particles of the spherical shape having a dimension of 5 µm and the specific surface of 31.5 m2/g. Higher physical and mechanical properties of powders are also provided during recycling the TN20 alloy waste at the industrial installations of bulky grinding.

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Urbaniak, Mirosław, Ryszard Dębkowski, Marcin Gołąbczak, and Marcin Skowron. "Device of magnesium alloy grinding using periodic cleaning of the active surface of grinding wheel during machining." Mechanik 91, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 1023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.11.182.

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In the paper the range of requirements concerning grinded surface layers for deposition of protective PVD coatings on magnesium alloys has been presented. Also difficulties concerning the preparation of surface layer and literature review have been depicted. For solving of the problems concerning proper preparation of magnesium alloy surface layer the conventional grinding process using ceramic grinding wheels and the process of cleaning of CSGW during machining has been applied. The machining parameters has been determined and the surface geometrical structure has been assessed using optical profiling in 3D configuration.

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Jiang, Guiyun, Zeyong Zhao, Guijian Xiao, Shaochuan Li, Benqiang Chen, Xiaoqin Zhuo, and Jie Zhang. "Study of Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy (TC4) by Belt Grinding to Achieve the Same Surface Roughness Range." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111950.

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Titanium alloy materials are used in a variety of engineering applications in the aerospace, aircraft, electronics, and shipbuilding industries, and due to the continuous improvement of the contemporary age, surface integrity needs to be improved for engineering applications. Belt grinding parameters and levels directly affect the surface integrity of titanium alloys (TC4), which further affects the fatigue life of the titanium alloys during service. In order to investigate the surface integrity of titanium alloys at different roughness levels, the surfaces were repeatedly ground with the same type and different models of abrasive belts. The results showed that at roughness Ra levels of 0.4 μm to 0.2 μm, the compressive residual stresses decreased with increasing linear velocity and there were problems with large surface morphological defects. At the roughness Ra of 0.2 μm or less, grinding improves the surface morphology, the compressive residual stress increases with increasing feed rate, and the surface hardness decreases with increasing linear velocity. In addition, the research facilitates the engineering of grinding parameters and levels that affect surface integrity under different roughness conditions, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grinding -Alloys'

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