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Hay, A. J. M. "Cyrtosperma Griffith and the origin of the aroids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376915.
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Laverne, Jérôme. "Formulation énergétique de la rupture par des modèles de forces cohésives : considérations théoriques et implantations numériques." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132024.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s'appuient sur l'approche énergétique en mécanique de la rupture fragile proposée par G. A. Francfort et J. -J. Marigo. Ils permettent de remédier aux déficiences de cette dernière tout en gardant les principaux avantages. L'idée consiste à faire dépendre l'énergie de surface du saut de déplacement entre les lèvres de la fissure (notion de forces cohésives) et d'effectuer une recherche de minima relatifs de l'énergie totale. Sur un plan théorique, on montre que l'on peut prédire l'initiation de fissures tridimensionnelles dans un milieu sain en utilisant uniquement le principe de minimisation. Les critères d'amorçage obtenus dépendent de la forme de l'énergie de surface. Sur un plan numérique on présente deux modèles éléments finis permettant de suivre des évolutions de fissures bidimensionnelles dans une direction donnée, ainsi que des résultats de simulations sur différents cas testsThe present work relies on the energetic approach for brittle fracture proposed by G. A. Francfort and J. -J. Marigo. Developments have been made to overcome some deficiencies in this theory : the surface energy is now a function of the displacement jump between the cracks lips (cohesive forces) and the mechanical fields are calculated by seeking the local minima of the total energy. We theoretically proved that it is possible to predict the onset of three-dimensional cracking in a sound structure by using only the least energetic principle. The obtained yield criterion depends on the choice of the surface energy. Besides, two numerical models have been developed to predict a bi-dimensional crack evolution in a given direction. These types of brittle fracture models are then tested numerically by using cohesive elements in several test cases
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Moço, Aline Campos Paiva. "Em defesa do americanismo: O nascimento de uma nação de Griffith." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12617.
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-20The object of this work is to analyze the concept of Americanism in the film The Birth of a Nation. The Birth of a Nation is one of the most controversial motion picture of the history of cinema and intent to show the story of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction of the South in the United States. The felling of nostalgia of his director, D. W. Griffith for the little white communities and its Protestantism and traditionalism approach the history of the film to the concept of Americanism before the First World War. The analyze of the film it s been made through the biography of his director, the period in which the film has been made called progressivism and the way how the historiography approach the same theme of the film
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o conceito de americanismo no filme O Nascimento de uma Nação. Um dos filmes mais controversos da história do cinema procurou mostrar a história da Guerra de Secessão e da Reconstrução no Sul dos Estados Unidos. O sentimento de nostalgia de seu diretor D. W. Griffith pelas pequenas comunidades brancas protestantes e pelo tradicionalismo aproximam a história do filme ao conceito de americanismo anterior a Primeira Guerra Mundial. A análise do filme foi feita através da biografia de seu diretor, do estudo do período em que o filme foi realizado chamado de progressivismo e pelo modo como a historiografia abordou o mesmo tema do filme
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Da, Silva David. "Avatars du héros populiste hollywoodien, de D. W. Griffith à C. Eastwood." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1006.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter la pensée populiste dans la culture américaine. Si on estime son apparition dès la guerre d’indépendance des colons britanniques d’Amérique du Nord contre la Grande-Bretagne de 1775 à 1783, le populisme américain a surtout connu son heure de gloire avec The People’s Party en 1892. De fait, ce parti populiste a cristallisé la colère des fermiers américains (dont des Afro-américains) très endettés de la fin du XIXe siècle. Ce mouvement agraire était très attaché aux idéaux pionniers et se méfiait du développement économique et du salariat (qu’il jugeait incompatible avec la liberté et la démocratie). Les Populistes défendaient l’égalité des chances, une libre entreprise tempérée par le Common Sense (le bon sens) et un pouvoir détenu par des hommes vertueux. De plus, ils soutenaient également toute forme d’opposition à la haute-finance, aux machines politiques centralisées, au fédéralisme omniprésent, à l’intellectualisme citadin. Les héros des Populistes se nomment Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson et Abraham Lincoln. Ce dernier incarne, en plus de l’humanisme, la possibilité pour l’homme ordinaire de devenir Président des États-Unis. L’idéologie populiste apparaît dans les premiers films américains. D’abord chez D. W. Griffith ou King Vidor avant de connaître son heure de gloire avec les films de John Ford, Frank Capra ou Leo McCarey dans les années trente. Après son déclin lors des années cinquante, le populisme hollywoodien va renaître dans les années soixante-dix avec des personnalités comme Clint Eastwood, Sam Peckinpah ou Michael Winner. Les années quatre-vingt vont prolonger ce retour avec le double mandat de Ronald Reagan. Oliver Stone, Sylvester Stallone ou encore John Carpenter ont continué à propager un message très proche de la tradition populiste américaine, avec notamment la mise en valeur de l’homme de la rue face à la corruption et la trahison des élites. Nous verrons donc si, de D. W. Griffith à Clint Eastwood, la fonction du héros populiste est de diviser ou d’unir le peuple américain ?The objective of this thesis is to present the populist thought in the American culture. If we estimat his appearance from the war for independence of the British colonists of North America against Great Britain from 1775 till 1783, the American populism especially had its hour of glory with People's The Party in 1892. Actually, this popular party crystallized the anger of the American farmers (among which of the Afro-Americans) heavily indebted of the end of the XIXth century. This agrarian movement was very attached to the ideal pioneers and was wary of the economic development and the wage-earner (that he considered incompatible with the freedom and the democracy). The Populists defended the equality of opportunity, a free enterprise moderated by Common Sense and a power detained by virtuous people. Furthermore, they also supported any shape of opposition to the high finance, to the centralized political machines, to the omnipresent federalism, to the city intellectualism. The heroes of the Populists are called Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln. The latter embodies, besides the humanism, the possibility for the common person to become President of the United States. The populist ideology appears in the first American movies. At first at D. W. Griffith or King Vidor before having his hour of glory with the movies of John Ford, Frank Capra or Leo McCarey in the thirties. After its decline during the fifties, the Hollywood populism is going to be reborn in the seventies with personalities as Clint Eastwood, Sam Peckinpah or Michael Winner. Years eighty are going to extend this return with the Ronald Reagan's double mandate. Oliver Stone, Sylvester Stallone or John Carpenter continued to propagate a message very close to the American populist tradition, with in particular the development of the man in the street in the face of the corruption and the treason of elites. We shall thus see if, of D. W. Griffith to Clint Eastwood, the function of the populist hero is to divide or to unite the American people?
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Rapone, Raffaella Lina. "Connectedness to cultural heritage among generations of Abruzzese Italian from Griffith NSW." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12555.
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The thesis centres on the concept of connectedness to Italian cultural heritage for second and subsequent generations of descendants. The study uses semi-structured interviews with participants to investigate cultural identity for the descendants of migrants, the meaning and value attached to such identity and how these identities, once formed, may change, be maintained and transmitted among generations. The participants who inform this study are descendants of Italian migrants from the Abruzzo region in Italy who settled and raised their families in the town of Griffith in southwest NSW. Questions are investigated a) within the particular context of a rural community with a strong Italian presence (that is Griffith), (b) within a particular regional group (that is descendants of Abruzzese migrants), and (c) among different generations (that is participants who had a parent, grandparent or a great grandparent who were of Italian origin). This study explores six factors that work towards forming a sense of connectedness, namely: the family, cultural manifestations of Italian identity, visits to Italy, interaction with family in Italy, Italian language and dialect, and intermarriage. These factors rove the discussion with participants and were the basis of analysis. Findings indicate that to varying degrees participants have maintained a connection to their cultural heritage. What distinguishes them is the different connotations placed on the manifestations of that connectedness.
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Smith, Jaclyn A. "D. W. Griffith's biograph shorts : teaching history with early silent films, 1908-1922 /." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1197411493.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2007.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts Degree in History." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 141-153.
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Rizvi, Majid. "J.A.G. Griffith's normative positivism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21699.
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This thesis provides a reinterpretation of J.A.G. Griffith’s lecture ‘The Political Constitution’—a reinterpretation that stresses the commitment Griffith expressed in that lecture to the normative dimension of legal positivism. I call this normative dimension ‘normative positivism’. Identifying Griffith as a normative positivist serves to clarify a number of debates surrounding Griffith’s arguments in ‘The Political Constitution’ and serves to clarify our understanding of the concept that has come to be known in UK public law scholarship in recent years as ‘political constitutionalism’, of which Griffith is regarded as a leading exemplar. The thesis argues that Griffith’s political constitutionalism is best understood as a form of normative positivism and is very different from some more recent defences of political constitutionalism available in the scholarly literature. The thesis also considers how the big constitutional questions of the age in the UK—questions relating, for example, to bills of rights and devolution—play out in the light of our discovery and appreciation of Griffith’s normative positivism.
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Purdy, Lillian Mauldin. "Women and Marriage in Utopias by Sarah Scott, Mary Griffith, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002467.
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This dissertation examines four utopian novels written by women: Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall, Mary Griffith’s Three Hundred Years Hence, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s The Minister’s Wooing, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Moving the Mountain. The works cover a 150-year span and yet suggest some commonalities that occur when women writers create utopian visions. In each work, improved marriages become a metaphor for the larger utopian communities, and each text expands women’s places in traditional married life. The writers attempt to create an environment that improves lived experiences, especially for women and children, and each work suggests that marriage experiences and marriage options can improve for women.
The first chapter examines Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall, a utopian vision set in an eighteenth-century English country house. Her vision creates a secluded space where women find protection from patriarchal abuses; however, a major goal of the community is to train young women for marriage. The inclusion of the founders’ biographical vignettes shows the tension between the cloistered environment and the larger, contemporary community.
Chapters Two, Three, and Four consider utopian novels written by American writers. Each text is written on the cusp of a national calamity: the financial panic of 1837, the Civil War (1861-1865), and World War I (1914-1918). In the years leading up to these national tragedies, the three writers create hopeful utopias on American soil. Griffith’s work is the first known utopian novel written by an American woman. In it, she creates a futuristic space where women have solved many problems facing 1830’s women and families and women have gained equality with men. In Stowe’s utopia, women feminize religion and take on spiritual leadership roles within the domestic sphere, and former slaves live within the utopian community. Stowe’s work demonstrates the competence and superiority of women in roles traditionally reserved for males. Gilman’s work is a secular piece that grapples with utopia in an urban setting with females serving in leadership roles. Her text solves many social problems facing early twentieth-century America. Thus, each text radically expands contemporary marital opportunities for women.
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Nguyen, Hoang Quan. "Modélisation numérique de la propagation d’une fissure lors d’une rupture par fatigue à très grand nombre de cycles." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100104.
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Ce manuscrit est une contribution à l’étude de la propagation de fissure en fatigue à très grand nombre de cycles. Nous développons un outil numérique permettant de modéliser cette propagation de fissure en mode I et d’étudier la formation de l’œil de poisson, caractéristique de ce type de rupture. Premièrement, une procédure numérique itérative basée sur la méthode des éléments finis en 3D est développée pour étudier l’évolution de la forme de fissure au cours de la propagation et calculer le nombre de cycles de propagation lorsqu’un calcul analytique n’est pas possible. La méthode de fermeture virtuelle de fissure est utilisée pour calculer le facteur d’intensité de contraintes en chaque étape de propagation de la fissure. Deuxièmement, un modèle de couplage thermomécanique basé sur la méthode des éléments finis en 3D est proposé pour estimer l’évolution du champ température au cours de la propagation de fissure. Ce modèle consiste à tout d’abord calculer l’énergie de déformation plastique par cycle venant de la zone plastique cyclique au front de la fissure et utiliser ensuite une partie de cette énergie comme une source de chaleur mobile afin de calculer l’évolution de température. L’énergie de déformation plastique par cycle est déterminée par deux méthodes. L’une est basée sur un calcul élastoplastique en 3D avec un comportement élastique plastique parfait. L’autre s’appuie sur une relation empirique entre l’énergie de déformation plastique par cycle par unité de longueur de fissure et la variation du facteur d’intensité de contraintes. Les résultats numériques sont en bon accord avec des mesures expérimentalesThis manuscript is a contribution to the study of the crack propagation in very high cycle fatigue domain. We develop a numerical tool which allows to model this crack propagation in mode I and to study the formation of fish eye crack, a characteristic of this failure. Firstly, an iterative numerical procedure based on three dimensional finite element method is developed to study the evolution of crack form during the crack propagation and to calculate the number of cycles to failure when it is not possible to find an analytical solution. The virtual crack closure technique is used to calculate the stress intensity factor in each step of crack growth process. Secondly, a coupled thermomecanical finite element model in 3D is proposed to estimate the evolution of the temperature field during the crack propagation. The problem is solved into 2 steps. In the first step, we calculate the plastic energy per cycle from the cyclic plastic zone at the crack front. In the second step, we use a fraction of this energy as a mobile heat source to estimate the temperature field evolution. The plastic energy per cycle is calculated by two methods. The first one is based on an elastic-plastic finite element analysis with a perfectly elastic-plastic constitutive law. The second one is based on an empirical relation between the energy plastic per cycle per unit of crack length and the range of stress intensity factor. Numerical results obtained agree fairly well with experimental results
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McVitty, Debbie. "Familiar collaboration and women writers in eighteenth-century Britain : Elizabeth Griffith, Sarah Fielding and Susannah and Margaret Minifie." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:626a7d25-a7b8-448c-acef-cba199e63f54.
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Between 1740 and 1770, a number of women writers choose to make explicit in their printed texts their collaboration with a ‘familiar’: a family member or close friend. In so doing, they strategically enact their personal relationships through the medium of print in order to claim for themselves a level of literary power and delineate the terms on which they entered the marketplace as authors. This thesis argues that familiar relations expressed along a horizontal axis – those of husband, wife, brother, sister and friend – offer a relatively flexible model of familiar relations in which women could acquire a level of agency in self-definition, supported by ideologies that valued women’s contribution to the polite sphere of sociable conversation. It demonstrates that Elizabeth Griffith, Sarah Fielding, Jane Collier, and Susannah and Margaret Minifie not only engage in collaborative literary production that is thoroughly inflected with the pressures of their historical context but that through familiar collaboration women writers display their professional authorial personae and generate social and literary criticism. Through close readings of carefully selected collaborative texts in the corpus of each writer, including the material history of the texts themselves, and the relationships expressed through those texts, this thesis highlights the complexity with which family relations interacted with print culture in the period. Far from using the familiar relation as a means of modestly retiring to the domestic sphere these women writers used their familiar relations as a basis from which to launch, describe and defend their authorial careers.
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Elkhoury, Armando [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Bruns, and Sidney [Akademischer Betreuer] Griffith. "Types and symbols of the Church in the writings of Jacob of Sarug / Armando Elkhoury ; Peter Bruns, Sidney Griffith." Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161462384/34.
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Storrs, Mark J. "A Prospective Evaluation of Interprofessional Team-Based Clinical Education at the School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391591.
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Students in diverse health programs taught separately from each other with a focus on profession ‘specific’ content rather than comprehensive collaborative patient care promotes a limited understanding of and respect for the collaborative role of different health professionals when undertaking treatment planning and patient-centred care. This may result in oral health graduates educated within a uniprofessional context becoming ill-prepared to manage patients with complex conditions that require collaboration with different oral health professionals (OHPs) through a team-based patient-centred approach.
As the potential value of interprofessional education (IPE) is strongly advocated in the literature, the Griffith University School of Dentistry and Oral Health (DOH) introduced the interprofessional teams-based treatment planning (TBTP) process in 2009 to address these educational challenges and facilitate IPE. The TBTP process incorporated student practice teams and an expansion of peer learning through collaboration between students enrolled in three different oral health programs, namely dentistry, dental technology and oral health therapy. It was perceived that shared learning, understanding of complementary knowledge, collaborative participation in managing patient care, and having knowledge/respect for each professions’ role were all necessary to improve communication and teamwork skills in a pre-qualification context in readiness for collaborative oral health practice.
However, a systematic evaluation of the TBTP process, its contribution to student clinical learning and experiences, and whether those experiences contributed to advancing interprofessional competencies and capabilities at DOH has not been conducted since its commencement. This thesis documents an evaluation that researched the attitudes, perceptions and experiences of students, clinical teaching staff, patients and newly graduated OHPs involved with the TBTP process at DOH between 2012 and 2015. The evaluation framework proposed in this research uses the first three levels of Kirkpatrick’s expanded typology of learner outcomes for educational interventions as a feedback process. The levels include student reaction to the learning experience such as a change in attitude towards interprofessional practice, acquisition of knowledge/skills which incorporates collaborative oral health learning experiences and behavioural change.
This study employed a mixed methodology, primarily quantitative supplemented by a qualitative approach where data were collected prospectively and annually at similar points in time between 2012 and mid-2015. The first phase of this study developed, and pilot tested instruments to collect relevant information from the cohorts included in the study and conducted a psychometric evaluation of the student survey to establish its validity and reliability. The second phase prospectively collected data utilising instruments specific for each of these cohorts. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of collected data and an interpretation of the results were then employed to answer the research question: ‘What is the impact of interprofessional student team-based processes, based on best practice principles, on attitudes, perceptions and experiences of students, clinical teaching staff, patients and newly graduated OHPs affiliated with DOH?’
A triangulation of data determined the amount of convergence in the study results thereby enhancing confidence in the findings and the research methodology as being well developed, comprehensive and robust. The results suggest that students had positive attitudes towards shared learning as indicated by their willingness to share information about patients with students in other oral health programs and engage in collaborative discussions to arrive at mutually agreed decisions about treatment plans within a team environment. The TBTP process was identified as a supportive environment where interprofessional clinical learning and experience was gained. It was perceived that effective supervision in this context facilitated collaborative treatment planning and teamwork skills, positive opinions of other OHPs, enhanced communication with colleagues and an improved understanding of clinical problems where students engaged in patient-centred collaborative care. New graduates noted that their behaviour became more respectful towards other OHPs as indicated through improved communication and by effectively contributing as part of a patient’s interprofessional team-based care.
Interprofessional shared learning alone had a large predictive effect and correlated strongly and significantly with students’ interprofessional clinical learning and experiences. The effect that chance, selection bias, measurement bias and confounding may have had on findings were considered and outcomes attributed to students were found to possess internal validity. Findings from clinical teaching staff were deemed valid and reliable within DOH, and information collected from other cohorts was considered innovative and provided meaning to help answer the research question. Through the TBTP process students acquired several interprofessional competencies and capabilities that included an understanding of roles and interprofessional values; interprofessional communication including collaborative decision-making and an ability to recognise and resolve conflict, and teamwork abilities relevant towards providing team-based patient-centred care.
This research provides valuable information for accrediting authorities and oral health educational providers seeking to incorporate interprofessional team-based clinical oral health education within their curricula to improve program outcomes. Strategies to guide a more efficient and effective interprofessional model of clinical oral health education at DOH have been proposed in this thesis. Recommendations have also been made for further research opportunities, both nationally and internationally, to improve an understanding of the educational needs of oral health students and graduates to better equip educational facilities to expedite students’ interprofessional clinical learning and experience reflective of best practice clinical oral health education.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Dentistry&Oral Hlth
Griffith Health
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Sánchez, Campos Noelia. "Subtle subversion: an analysis of female desire in the works of Frances Sheridan, Frances Brooke, Elizabeth Griffith and Sophia LEE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405313.
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Esta tesis examina el tema del deseo femenino en la obra de cuatro autoras poco conocidas de finales del siglo XVIII. Los textos primarios son Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph (1761) de Frances Sheridan, The History of Lady Julia Mandeville (1763) de Frances Brooke, The Delicate Distress (1769) de Elizabeth Griffith y The Recess (1783) de Sophia Lee. El objetivo principal de mi tesis es determinar el discurso de deseo producido por las autoras que he seleccionado.
La cuestión de la tesis tiene como objetivo la detección del alcance del nivel de resistencia a la marcada configuración de la mujer “correcta” que puede observarse en la obra de estas autoras y, especialmente, el propósito de esa resistencia. La tesis también propone que estas autoras representan personajes femeninos aparentemente convencionales que logran conseguir un dominio considerable sobre ellas mismas.
Uno de los aspectos analizados en esta tesis es la noción de la virtud femenina en apuros, introducida por Samuel Richardson y continuada por otros novelistas, Frances Sheridan incluida. La ficción amorosa es otra tradición considerada, lo cual crea una dinámica complicada en la que el rol que la mujer juega en la seducción es examinado.
Esta tesis pone en duda suposiciones generales sobre la vida familiar (y sus implicaciones para la mujer). Mediante un minucioso análisis de la figura de la ‘heroína’, se examinan las representaciones culturales y sociales de la mujer y los elementos perturbadores inherentes en la figura de la mujer fatal.
Tradiciones literarias con gran prevalencia, como la ficción histórica y el Gótico Femenino, también son consideradas. Algunos elementos del psicoanálisis, pertenecientes a figuras destacadas como Freud y Julia Kristeva, son utilizadas para determinar las maneras en las que el psicoanálisis puede ser usado para acceder textos literarios. Otra tradición importante bajo análisis es la ausencia materna, la cual es usada para detectar los efectos que este aspecto literario tiene sobre la narrativa.This thesis examines the topic of female desire in the work of four lesser-known late eighteenth century women writers. The texts under analysis are Frances Sheridan’s Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph (1761), Frances Brooke’s The History of Lady Julia Mandeville (1763), Elizabeth Griffith’s The Delicate Distress (1769) and Sophia Lee’s The Recess (1783). The main objective of my thesis is to determine the discourse of desire produced by the authors I have selected. My thesis question aims at detecting the extent to which these women writers resist the strict configuration of the ‘proper’ woman and, especially, the purpose that lies behind that resistance. It also aims to propose that those women writers depict apparently conventional female characters who achieve a significant amount of self-command. One of the aspects analysed in this thesis is female virtue in distress, introduced by Samuel Richardson and continued by later novelists, Frances Sheridan included, is examined. Amatory fiction is yet another significant tradition which is analysed, which creates a complicated dynamics in which the role women play in seduction is examined. The present thesis interrogates general assumptions about family life – and its implications for women – and also, most importantly, in its careful analysis of the figure of the ‘heroine, women’s cultural and social representations and the disruptive components inherent in femme fatale figures are carefully examined. Mainstream, powerful literary traditions such as Historical Fiction and the Female Gothic, are also considered. Some elements of psychoanalytical thought, such as Freud’s notion of the uncanny or Julia Kristeva’s notion of abjection, are used to determine the ways in which Psychoanalysis can be used to access literary texts. Maternal absence is yet another traditional trope which is analysed to detect the effects such influential and perpetual literary trope has on the narratives.
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Kulkova, S. E., A. V. Bakulin, S. S. Kulkov, S. Hocker, and S. Schmauder. "Influence of Interstitial Impurities (H, B, C) on Grain Boundary Cohesion in B2 Ti-based Alloys." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35519.
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The investigation of hydrogen, boron and carbon sorption properties at the Σ5(310) symmetrical tilt grain boundary (GB) and (310) free surface (FS) in B2 Ti-based alloys was carried out by the plane-wave pseudopotential method within density functional theory. The most preferential positions for interstitial impurities at GB were determined. It was shown that impurities sorption energies at GB depend strongly on their local environment. The analysis of electronic properties allows us to establish the microscopic na-ture of chemical bonding of all considered impurities at GB. It was shown that H decreases more signifi-cantly the surface energies than the GB energy in contrast to B and C. This results in decreasing the Grif-fith work that indicates also the decrease of the strength of grain boundary. The segregation of H at the GB makes intergranular fracture much easier because the bonding between metal atoms, which are neigh-bors of H, is weakened. The segregation behavior of hydrogen confirms it as an embrittler for B2 Ti-based alloys. At the same time boron and carbon segregation contrast to hydrogen increase the GB cohesion.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35519
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Williams, Jeffrey R. "Benjamin Brawley and the compass of culture : art and uplift in the Harlem Renaissance /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974707.
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Aya-Bonilla, Carlos Alberto. "Identification of Common Tumour Suppressor Genes in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366318.
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Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms that arise mostly from different stages of B-cell development and account for approximately 90% of lymphoma cases. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL) are the most common types of NHL accounting for around 50% of cases. Advances in molecular and genomic approaches have discovered genes and pathways that can in part explain the high heterogeneity in morphology, tumour biology and clinical outcome. However, the high genetic heterogeneity observed within these NHL subtypes has limited the identification of genes and pathways with biological and clinical relevance, which in turn has limited the discovery of novel, target-specific and effective therapies that increase the survival rates of patients suffering from NHL.
A recent study performed by the Griffith Lymphoma Project (GLP), using an integrative analytic approach of gene expression and copy number variation data from cases with DLBCL and FL, identified common genetic alterations across DLBCLs and FLs, targeting mainly the MAPK signalling pathway. These findings, apart from involving the MAPK signalling pathways as a crucial pathway in the lymphomagenesis of NHL, also unmasked the existence of common pathogenic mechanisms underlying the malignant phenotype of these B-cell lymphomas. These results also revealed that the investigation of common alterations in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these NHL subtypes is biologically and clinically relevant, as it provides a better understanding of the origin and progression of these lymphomas, and could unmask novel chemotherapeutic targets with a higher effectivity and selectivity than the available treatment for NHL.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Cook, Rebecca C. "First Peoples' Perspectives on Engagement at University: What Keeps Students Coming Back to Indigenous Education Units?" Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/403244.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which influence First Peoples students’ decisions to access and engage with GUMURRII Student Success Unit, the Indigenous Education Unit at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia. Higher education plays a critical role in improving socioeconomic outcomes in First Peoples communities; however, First Peoples are underrepresented, with lower participation and higher attrition rates than non-Indigenous students. Engagement with Indigenous Education Units can improve student progression, retention and success; however, the nature of engagement with Indigenous Education Units has not been widely examined. This research adopts an interpretive case study approach using concurrent mixed methods including survey, focus groups, individual interviews, and document analysis to examine students’ engagement with GUMURRII. The incorporation of Nakata’s Cultural Interface and Indigenous Standpoint Theory into the research design privileged First Peoples students’ voices, and allowed experiences to be shared from their perspectives. There were six clear findings identified in this study, indicating that students access and engage with GUMURRII for reasons far beyond seeking traditional forms of support. Findings include (a) making the initial connection to GUMURRII, (b) becoming part of the First Peoples’ student community, (c) understanding the full resource potential of GUMURRII, and (d) knowing how to access these resources. Finally, there were (e) additional factors identified as contributing to student success, and (f) new, creative suggestions from First Peoples students that should be pursued. Through understanding why students initially access and engage with GUMURRII and continue to do so, recommendations surrounding targeted programs and opportunities that contribute to retention, progression and success of students could be made. This research could be used to not only improve First Peoples students’ success and work toward parity, but more broadly could inform university-wide support and the work of Indigenous Education Units across Australia.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Education and Professional Studies Research (MEdProfStRes)
School Educ & Professional St
Arts, Education and Law
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Dolphine, Priscila Marchetti [UNESP]. "Hábitos alimentares de jovens de tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) (Chondrichthyes, Sphyrnidae) no litoral do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132577.
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Os hábitos alimentares de neonatos e jovens de tubarões-martelo, Sphyrna lewini, desembarcados no litoral do estado de São Paulo, foram analisados quanto a composição da dieta, variações sazonais, ontogenéticas e sexuais, sobreposição alimentar e amplitude de nicho. Os exemplares foram capturados com redes de emalhe, por embarcações operando a uma distância da costa entre duas a 12 milhas náuticas, em profundidades variando de seis a 20 metros.Para as análises foram utilizados os dados de Porcentagem Numérica (%N), Freqüência de Ocorrência (%FO), Porcentagem de Massa (%M) e Índice de Importância Relativa (%IRI). Entre maio de 2012 e maio de 2014 foram amostrados 253 exemplares de S. lewini. A análise do conteúdo estomacal foi realizada em 248 espécimes. Desse total, 84% apresentaram algum tipo de alimento. Foram identificados16 itens, sendo 11identificados em nível de espécie, três como gênero e dois como família. A categoria peixes foi a mais representativa,correspondendo a 57 %IRI, seguida por crustáceos (25 %IRI) e cefalópodes (18%IRI). As famílias observadas na dieta foram: Peixes:Ariidae, Engraulidae, Ophichtidae Sciaenidae e Trichiuridae; Cefalópodes: Loliginidae; e Crustáceos: Penaeidae e Sergestidae. A dieta da espécie apresentou, principalmente, diferenças sazonais e ontogenéticaS.Foi observada uma alta sobreposição na alimentação entre machos e fêmeas, e neonatos e jovens, porém esse valor foi menor entre estas últimas categorias.A diversidade da dieta apresentou-se baixa, principalmente nos machos e jovens.Neonatos e jovens de Sphyrna lewini são predominantemente ictiófagos, alimentando-se, secundariamente, de crustáceos e cefalópodes
The feeding habits of the neonats and juvenils hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, landed at coast of the state São Paulo, southern Brazil, were analyzed concerning the diet composition, seasonal and sexual variations, ontogenetic diet shifts, niche overlap and niche breadth. Fishery data and biological samples were obtained from the artisanal fishery fleet. The sharks were caught by gillnet with fishing boats operating from 2 to 12 nautical miles from the shore and depths from 6 to 20 m. Stomach content analyses included Numerical Percent (%N), Occurrence Frequency (%FO), Mass Percent (%M) and Index of Relative Importance (%IRI). From May2012 to May 2014253S. lewini specimens were sampled. The stomach contents analysis was made in248individuals. About 84% of the analyzed sharks had items in the stomach. 16 items were identified, 11 at species level, three at genus level, and two as families. The prey category fishes was the most important in the diet, corresponding to 57 %IRI, while crustaceans (25 %IRI) and cephalopods (18 %IRI) were complementary items. The identified families were: Fishes -Ariidae, Engraulidae, Ophichtidae Sciaenidae and Trichiuridae; Cephalopods - Loliginidae; and Crustaceans - Penaeidae and Sergestidae. The diet of this species presented, mainly, seasonal and ontogentic variations. A high level of feeding overlap between males and females, and neonates and juveniles; however such overlap was smaller for the latter categories. The diversity of prey species in the diet was low, mainly for males and juveniles.Sphyrna lewini neonates and juveniles have predominantly ictiophagous feeding habits, completing the diet with crustaceans and cephalopods
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Dolphine, Priscila Marchetti. "Hábitos alimentares de jovens de tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) (Chondrichthyes, Sphyrnidae) no litoral do estado de São Paulo /." Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132577.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Otto Bismarck Fazzano GadigBanca: Fabio dos Santos Motta
Banca: Ricardo de Souza Rosa
Resumo: Os hábitos alimentares de neonatos e jovens de tubarões-martelo, Sphyrna lewini, desembarcados no litoral do estado de São Paulo, foram analisados quanto a composição da dieta, variações sazonais, ontogenéticas e sexuais, sobreposição alimentar e amplitude de nicho. Os exemplares foram capturados com redes de emalhe, por embarcações operando a uma distância da costa entre duas a 12 milhas náuticas, em profundidades variando de seis a 20 metros.Para as análises foram utilizados os dados de Porcentagem Numérica (%N), Freqüência de Ocorrência (%FO), Porcentagem de Massa (%M) e Índice de Importância Relativa (%IRI). Entre maio de 2012 e maio de 2014 foram amostrados 253 exemplares de S. lewini. A análise do conteúdo estomacal foi realizada em 248 espécimes. Desse total, 84% apresentaram algum tipo de alimento. Foram identificados16 itens, sendo 11identificados em nível de espécie, três como gênero e dois como família. A categoria peixes foi a mais representativa,correspondendo a 57 %IRI, seguida por crustáceos (25 %IRI) e cefalópodes (18%IRI). As famílias observadas na dieta foram: Peixes:Ariidae, Engraulidae, Ophichtidae Sciaenidae e Trichiuridae; Cefalópodes: Loliginidae; e Crustáceos: Penaeidae e Sergestidae. A dieta da espécie apresentou, principalmente, diferenças sazonais e ontogenéticaS.Foi observada uma alta sobreposição na alimentação entre machos e fêmeas, e neonatos e jovens, porém esse valor foi menor entre estas últimas categorias.A diversidade da dieta apresentou-se baixa, principalmente nos machos e jovens.Neonatos e jovens de Sphyrna lewini são predominantemente ictiófagos, alimentando-se, secundariamente, de crustáceos e cefalópodes
Abstract: The feeding habits of the neonats and juvenils hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, landed at coast of the state São Paulo, southern Brazil, were analyzed concerning the diet composition, seasonal and sexual variations, ontogenetic diet shifts, niche overlap and niche breadth. Fishery data and biological samples were obtained from the artisanal fishery fleet. The sharks were caught by gillnet with fishing boats operating from 2 to 12 nautical miles from the shore and depths from 6 to 20 m. Stomach content analyses included Numerical Percent (%N), Occurrence Frequency (%FO), Mass Percent (%M) and Index of Relative Importance (%IRI). From May2012 to May 2014253S. lewini specimens were sampled. The stomach contents analysis was made in248individuals. About 84% of the analyzed sharks had items in the stomach. 16 items were identified, 11 at species level, three at genus level, and two as families. The prey category fishes was the most important in the diet, corresponding to 57 %IRI, while crustaceans (25 %IRI) and cephalopods (18 %IRI) were complementary items. The identified families were: Fishes -Ariidae, Engraulidae, Ophichtidae Sciaenidae and Trichiuridae; Cephalopods - Loliginidae; and Crustaceans - Penaeidae and Sergestidae. The diet of this species presented, mainly, seasonal and ontogentic variations. A high level of feeding overlap between males and females, and neonates and juveniles; however such overlap was smaller for the latter categories. The diversity of prey species in the diet was low, mainly for males and juveniles.Sphyrna lewini neonates and juveniles have predominantly ictiophagous feeding habits, completing the diet with crustaceans and cephalopods
Mestre
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Amor, Hanen. "Approche variationnelle des lois de Griffith et de Paris via des modèles non-locaux d'endommagement : étude théorique et mise en oeuvre numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352989.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude théorique et la mise en oeuvre numérique de l'approche variationnelle des lois de Griffith (rupture fragile) et de Paris (fatigue) pour la propagation de fissures. Cette approche est basée sur un principe de moindre énergie. L'énergie totale d'une structure est la somme de l'énergie élastique et d'un potentiel de dissipation. En rupture fragile avec une énergie de surface de type Griffith, ce potentiel est proportionnel à la surface de l'ensemble des fissures. La propagation de fissures par fatigue dans le cas d'une lois de type Paris est obtenue en utilisant comme potentiel de dissipation une fonction puissance de la surface de fissuration.La régularisation de ces énergies en vue d'une implémentation numérique amène à des modèles d'endommagement non-locaux (i.e. ceux dont l'énergie contient des termes avec gradient d'endommagement).
Dans un premier temps, à travers l'exemple unidimensionnel de la barre en traction, une étude comparative est faite sur différentes familles de modèles d'endommagement. Nous avons mis en évidence que ces modèles d'endommagement se comportent différemment en termes de minima-locaux. Il s'avère que la relation contrainte-déformation ne suffit pas à définir une loi de comportement mais qu'une autre relation reliant la stabilité des solutions homogènes à la taille du domaine s'avère tout aussi essentielle.
Nous avons ensuite éliminé la symétrie de comportement en traction-compression pour prendre en compte la non interpénétration des lèvres des fissures. Ce résultat est obtenu en ne faisant porter l'endommagement que sur la partie en traction et en cisaillement de l'énergie de déformation.
Enfin, nous avons présenté la formulation variationnelle de la fatigue de type Paris que nous avons implémenté numériquement en utilisant des modèles d'endommagement non-locaux.
Des résultats numériques sont présentés et discutés aussi bien dans le cadre de la rupture fragile que dans celui de la rupture par fatigue.
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Amor, Hanen. "Approche variationnelle des lois de Griffith et de Paris via des modèles non-locaux d'endommagement : étude théorique et mise en oeuvre numérique." Phd thesis, Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132035.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude théorique et la mise en oeuvre numérique de l'approche variationnelle des lois de Griffth (rupture fragile) et de Paris (fatigue) pour la propagation de fissures. Cette approche est basée sur un principe de moindre énergie. L'énergie totale d'une structure est la somme de l'énergie élastique et d'un potentiel de dissipation. En rupture fragile avec une énergie de surface de type Griffth, ce potentiel est proportionnel à la surface de l'ensemble des fissures. La propagation de fissures par fatigue dans le cas d'une lois de type Paris est obtenue en utilisant comme potentiel de dissipation une fonction puissance de la surface de fissuration. La régularisation de ces énergies en vue d'une implémentation numérique amène à des modèles d'endommagement non-locaux (i. E. Ceux dont l'énergie contient des termes avec gradient d'endommagement). Dans un premier temps, à travers l'exemple unidimensionnel de la barre en traction, une étude comparative est faite sur différentes familles de modèles d'endommagement. Nous avons mis en évidence que ces modèles d'endommagement se comportent différemment en termes de minima-locaux. Il s'avère que la relation contrainte-déformation ne suffi t pas à définir une loi de comportement mais qu'une autre relation reliant la stabilité des solutions homogènes à la taille du domaine s'avère tout aussi essentielle. Nous avons ensuite éliminé la symétrie de comportement en traction-compression pour prendre en compte la non interpénétration des lèvres des fissures. Ce résultat est obtenu en ne faisant porter l'endommagement que sur la partie en traction et en cisaillement de l'énergie de déformation. Enfn, nous avons présenté la formulation variationnelle de la fatigue de type Paris que nous avons implémenté numériquement en utilisant des modèles d'endommagement non-locaux. Des résultats numériques sont présentés et discutés aussi bien dans le cadre de la rupture fragile que dans celui de la rupture par fatigue;
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Peach, Deborah. "Improving the Provision of Learning Assistance Services in Higher Education." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365399.
Full textAbstract:
This study is motivated by the need to look continually for ways to improve Griffith University’s learning assistance services so that they meet the changing needs of stakeholders and are at the same time cost-effective and efficient. This study uses the conceptual tools of cultural-historical activity theory and expansive visibilisation to investigate the development and transformation of learning assistance services at Griffith University, one of Australia's largest multi-campus universities. Cultural-historical activity is a powerful theoretical framework that acknowledges the importance of dimensions such as cultural context, local setting, collective understanding, and the influence of historical variables on interactions in settings. Expansive visibilisation is a practical four-stage process that was used in this study to make visible and analysable the work context of the Learning Assistance Unit. The study uses these conceptual tools to illustrate how learning assistance services at the University have moved through several stages of historical development and that historical variables, such as the political setting and physical location of services continue to influence current work practices. The investigation involved gathering data through interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders in order to map the University's Learning Assistance Unit as an activity system that appears to have separated out from the overall activity system of the University. It involved making visible problems and tensions in the activity system, and identifying ways of improving future practice. The study reveals problem clusters and underlying tensions amongst the interacting activity systems of the Learning Assistance Unit, faculty, library and student. These problem clusters relate to different understandings about the purpose of the Learning Assistance Unit and the role of the learning adviser, the difficulties in offering a quality service on a restricted budget, and tensions between contextualised and de-contextualised learning assistance. The study suggests that resolving these tensions depends on staff taking an active role in critically examining their practice, in particular the way that they collaborate with key stakeholders in the learning environment. The dissertation concludes by suggesting that one way forward is to expand the activity system on its socio-spatial, temporal, moral-ideological, and systemic-developmental dimensions (Engeström, 1999c).Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Education (EdD)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
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Funghi, Caterina [Verfasser], and Griffith Simon [Akademischer Betreuer]. "The integration of spatial-ecology and animal behaviour in the unpredictable arid zone : A case study with the zebra finch / Caterina Funghi ; Betreuer: Griffith Simon." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194548016/34.
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BEZERRA, Natalia Priscila Alves. "Deslocamentos verticais e horizontais do tubarão martelo (Sphyrna lewini, Griffith & Smith, 1834) monitorados a partir do arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6434.
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Natalia Priscila Alves Bezerra.pdf: 2116155 bytes, checksum: 25ac05e8bfcb1edeee75fcfaf93d7ec7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T14:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Priscila Alves Bezerra.pdf: 2116155 bytes, checksum: 25ac05e8bfcb1edeee75fcfaf93d7ec7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) has a circuntropical distribution, ranging from coastal and semi-oceanic tropical and temperate regions to and island ecosystems. Located near the equator, the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA) is a group of small islands where hammerhead sharks are frequently observed. For that reason, the SPSPA was selected for the study of hammerhead shark movements, through satellite tagging, using PSAT (Pop up satellite archival transmitting tag).Three females were tagged, two in October 2010 (TM 1: 250 cm TL e TM 2: 260 cm TL), and one in March 2012 (TM 3: 200 cm TL). Although all tags were programmed to remain attached to the animals, collecting data, for 70 days, TM 1 and TM 2 tags were released prematurely, on the 7th and 5th day of monitoring, respectively. TM3 tag was released at the programmed date. According to the deploy and pop-up information (TM 1 e TM 2) and geolocation (TM 3), all sharks remained in SPSPA surroundings during the monitoring period, diving at great depths, mainly during the night, with the deepest dive of 728 m being recorded for TM 3. TM 1 and TM 2 had a depth preference between the surface and 150 m, while TM3 had a more restricted depth preference (surface to 75 m) during both periods, day and night. The temperature profile indicated that the three tagged hammerhead sharks preferred to be in temperatures between 24° C and above 26°C. Despite the great amount of time spent by all sharks in depths attributed to thermocline in SPSPA, the specimens moved from the mixing layer to the mesopelagic zone. In spite of the relevance of the obtained information for the understanding of the species movement patterns, complimentary studies are yet necessary to elucidate its migratory behavior.
O tubarão martelo (Sphyrna lewini) apresenta distribuição circuntropical, abrangendo desde as áreas costeiras e semi-oceânicas das regiões tropicais e temperadas até aos ecossistemas insulares. Localizado próximo à região equatorial, o arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP) é um conjunto de pequenas ilhas onde existe a ocorrência do tubarão martelo. Por essa razão, o ASPSP foi o local escolhido para o monitoramento via satélite da espécie através da utilização do transmissor eletrônico PSAT (Pop up satellite archival transmitting tag). Foram marcadas três fêmeas, duas em outubro de 2010 (TM 1 e TM 2) medindo 250 cm e 260 cm (CT), respectivamente, e uma última em março de 2012 (TM 3) com 200 cm de CT. Embora os três transmissores os três transmissores tenham sido programados para coletarem dados por 70 dias, ocorreu o desprendimento prematuro das marcas do TM 1 e TM 2, após um período de fixação aos tubarões de apenas 7 e 5 dias, respectivamente. De acordo com os dados de marcação e soltura dos transmissores (TM 1 e TM 2) e de geolocalização (TM 3), os três tubarões permaneceram no entorno do ASPSP durante o período em que foram monitorados. Os três espécimes foram capazes de realizar incursões frequentes a grandes profundidades principalmente durante a noite, com o mergulho mais profundo registrado a 728 m, atribuído ao TM 3. Os tubarões TM 1 e TM 2 frequentaram preferencialmente as profundidades entre a superfície e 150 m tanto de dia quanto à noite. Já o TM 3 passou a maior parte do tempo em uma faixa que variou entre a superfície e 75 m de profundidade em ambos os períodos. Os perfis de temperatura indicaram que os três espécimes permaneceram com maior frequência em águas aquecidas, entre 24 °C e acima de 26 °C, no período diurno e noturno. A despeito do elevado tempo de permanência dos três tubarões em profundidades atribuídas à termoclina nas proximidades do ASPSP, os espécimes se deslocaram desde a camada de mistura até a zona mesopelágica. Apesar da relevância das informações obtidas para a compreensão dos padrões de deslocamento da espécie, são necessários ainda estudos complementares para elucidar o seu comportamento migratório.
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Kotas, Jorge Eduardo. "Dinâmica de populações e pesca do tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834), capturado no mar territorial e zona econômica exclusiva do sudeste-sul do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-08122015-105215/.
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O tubarão-martelo, Sphyrna lewini é um dos mais valiosos recursos marinhos, e o preço pago por suas barbatanas no mercado Asiático pode atingir acima dos U$ 100,00/kg. A análise da composição de tamanhos e idades nas capturas, o estudo do crescimento desta espécie de grande porte e a evolução temporal dos desembarques, indicaram que este recurso se encontra sobreexplotado no sudeste e sul do Brasil, como reflexo de diferentes modalidades pesqueiras atuando ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida e à baixa resiliência desta espécie à pesca, por apresentar um crescimento lento (L∞ = 329,12 cm; K = 0,071 ano-1; to = -2,37 ano; sexos combinados), longevidade acima dos 40 anos e mortalidade natural baixa (M = 0,1 ano-1 na fase adulta), padrões estes típicos de uma espécie K-estrategista . A sobrepesca de recrutamento, ocorre nas áreas costeiras, principalmente pela pesca de arrasto e emalhe costeiro, não havendo a proteção das áreas de parto na primavera-verão. Neste caso há grandes capturas de neonatos e juvenis até 8 anos de idade. A tração adulta por sua vez é reduzida pela pesca de espinheI e de emalhe de superfície principalmente na zona de talude. Modelos de análise de covariância indicaram maiores capturas desta espécie na pesca de espinheI de monofilamento de superfície durante os meses de primavera-verão, na zona de talude (200 e 3000 m) e a existência de uma relação linear positiva entre a captura em peso e o esforço em número de anzóis. Medidas de manejo e conservação para esta espécie são sugeridas.The scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini is one of the most valuable marine resources, due to its high-priced fins in the Asian market, which can reach U$ 100,00/kg. The analysis of the length and age composition in the catches, growth studies, and the annual development of its landings in southern Brazil, showed signs of overexploitation for the species. This effect was mainly caused by different fishing gears exploiting all the phases of its life-cycle and its low resilience to fishing pressure due to its slow-growing strategy (L∞ = 329,12 cm; K = 0,071 yr-1; to = -2,37 ano; both sexes), longevity (> 40 yrs.) and low natural mortality (M = 0,1 yr-1, during adult phase), which means a K\'strategic typical pattern. Recruitment overfishing use to happen in coastal areas by trawls and anchored gillnets activities which destroy the nurseries and juvenile grounds for the species, mainly in spring-summer months when the parturition occurs. On the other hand, the adult fraction of the stock is reduced by surface longline and driftnets activities along the continental slope. For the surface monofilament longline fisheries, covariance models detected the highest catches of scalloped hammerhead sharks along the slope (between 200 - 3000 m depth), during spring-summer months. There was also a positive linear relationship between catch (in weight) and effort (hook number). Management and conservation measures are recommended for this species.
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Peach, Deborah, and n/a. "Improving the Provision of Learning Assistance Services in Higher Education." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040319.163140.
Full textAbstract:
This study is motivated by the need to look continually for ways to improve Griffith Universitys learning assistance services so that they meet the changing needs of stakeholders and are at the same time cost-effective and efficient. This study uses the conceptual tools of cultural-historical activity theory and expansive visibilisation to investigate the development and transformation of learning assistance services at Griffith University, one of Australia's largest multi-campus universities. Cultural-historical activity is a powerful theoretical framework that acknowledges the importance of dimensions such as cultural context, local setting, collective understanding, and the influence of historical variables on interactions in settings. Expansive visibilisation is a practical four-stage process that was used in this study to make visible and analysable the work context of the Learning Assistance Unit. The study uses these conceptual tools to illustrate how learning assistance services at the University have moved through several stages of historical development and that historical variables, such as the political setting and physical location of services continue to influence current work practices. The investigation involved gathering data through interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders in order to map the University's Learning Assistance Unit as an activity system that appears to have separated out from the overall activity system of the University. It involved making visible problems and tensions in the activity system, and identifying ways of improving future practice. The study reveals problem clusters and underlying tensions amongst the interacting activity systems of the Learning Assistance Unit, faculty, library and student. These problem clusters relate to different understandings about the purpose of the Learning Assistance Unit and the role of the learning adviser, the difficulties in offering a quality service on a restricted budget, and tensions between contextualised and de-contextualised learning assistance. The study suggests that resolving these tensions depends on staff taking an active role in critically examining their practice, in particular the way that they collaborate with key stakeholders in the learning environment. The dissertation concludes by suggesting that one way forward is to expand the activity system on its socio-spatial, temporal, moral-ideological, and systemic-developmental dimensions (Engeström, 1999c).
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Zhi, Xulong. "Chinese Students' Learning Experiences and Understanding of Social Work in China and Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406983.
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The Chinese Central Government has focused significant attention on the social work profession as a pivotal solution to address social issues and tensions resulting from rapid social and economic development. In 2006, the Chinese Government announced an ambitious target of educating a workforce of three million social workers by 2020. Even when, subsequently, this number was halved, it continues to remain an ambitious goal. To achieve the new target of 1.5 million social workers, graduates from associated disciplines are allowed to become social workers by taking the Professional Level Examination. Despite these measures, and although social work in China is advancing rapidly, the social work profession remains relatively underdeveloped.
China faces many challenges in developing both social work education and the profession itself. This thesis argues that to meet these challenges, Chinese social work needs to experience an indigenisation and a professionalisation process to adapt Western values, theories, and knowledge into the Chinese cultural, social, and political contexts. Three main issues relate to this process of indigenisation and professionalization: social work’s low status, a lack of knowledge about the profession, and its blurred professional roles in China. These factors have led to reluctance by many Chinese students to study and practise social work.
Little is known about the experiences of Chinese social work students who have straddled both Western and Chinese education boundaries, with their different learning styles and practices. This study investigated Chinese undergraduate students’ experiences of learning social work in both a China-based program and in a joint China-Australia program, by asking two research questions. Why and how do Chinese students learn social work in China and in Australia? What is Chinese students’ understanding of the social work profession both in China and in a cross-cultural context? This research draws on participants within a joint social work program between GU and CCNU, the first collaborative initiative at the undergraduate level (CCNU, 2019) and established in 2011 with a collaborative Bachelor of Social Work program to deliver a 2 plus 2.5-year joint degree program between China and Australia. This study recruited participants from two cohorts of Chinese students. One cohort studied exclusively in China, while the other studied first in China and then in Australia. From 2014 to 2015, a qualitative study with an insider approach was adopted. Data were collected from several stages of semi-structured interviews with two cohorts of participants over 1.5 years of learning in China and in Australia. Data were first transcribed in Chinese, then translated into English, and converted into NVivo for analysis. Six steps of thematic analysis were applied, from familiarisation with the data, coding, searching for themes, reviewing (including translating)) and refining.
The study concludes that participants reported five different reasons for studying social work, with only one student who studied social work because of an interest in the profession. In regard to how they learned social work, five components emerged that were used to compare and contrast between Chinese and Australian universities, namely classroom learning experiences, experiences of undertaking assessment, teacher and student relationships, support systems, and challenges in learning. In terms of how participants learned social work in practice, the application of learning emerged with two themes including the ability to use theory in practice and learning influenced values.
In relation to the second research question regarding students’ understanding of the profession, the study found three perspectives and the results on professional identity. The first perspective reported participants’ perceptions of social work with two themes. The second perspective was the influence of the government on the role of social work, and two themes were reported. The third perspective related to incongruities in values and ethics, and two themes emerged. The study has concluded that the weak professional identity that both cohorts developed led to their reluctance to choose social work as a future career.
Although a relatively small study in terms of number of participants, this research has some implications for social work education in both China and Australia. It concludes that Chinese universities would benefit from improved promotion of social work to assist Chinese students to understand the profession and that Chinese social work education could adopt five possible changes to provide students with practiceoriented learning in the Chinese context. It also concludes that Australian universities could provide more specific and tailored assistance to Chinese students to enable them to participate fully in their education.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sci & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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Borglin, John. "The Birth of Two Nations : En analys av ras och sexualitet i två filmatiseringar från 1915 och 2016." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85685.
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The following study aims, through a narratological and discourse analysis, to discuss and make visable, how two films, both named The Birth of a Nation, directed by G.W. Griffith and Nate Parker respectively depict violence and sexuality in relation to race. The theoretical framework, consists of postcolonialism, race, violence, masculinity and sexuality. However, the different parts of the theoretical framework are intertwined as race, sexuality and violence are interlinked and dependent on each other. These theories were chosen in accordance to the feature films’ narratives as well as their relation to each other. The results of this study were mainly in line with previously conducted research regarding the films. However the analysis of Nate Parker’s production provided a more neuanced perspective regarding the depiction of the interlinked expressions of sexuality and racial hegemony mainly from whites. Both films use similar style figures regarding the depiciton of violence, hegemony and sexuality even though the style figures serve to portray, in Parker’s film – the whites, and in Griffith’s film – the blacks, as perpertrators. Finally, the study raises new questions for research. I claim that a larger study, containing the collected canon of feature films from 1915 until today would make for an enriched and more complete picture of how black slaves are depicted in feature films as well as how these films reflect their contemporary times.
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Cossar, John Harper. "Snakes and Funerals: Aesthetics and American Widescreen Films." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_diss/12.
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The study of widescreen cinema historically has been under analyzed with regard to aesthetics. This project examines the visual poetics of the wide frame from the silent films of Griffith and Gance to the CinemaScope grandeur of Preminger and Tashlin. Additionally, the roles of auteur and genre are explored as well as the new media possibilities such as letterboxing online content. If cinema’s history can be compared to painting, then prior to 1953, cinema existed as a portrait-only operation with a premium placed on vertical compositions. This is not to say that landscape shots were not possible or that lateral mise-en-scene did not exist. Cinematic texts, with very few exceptions, were composed in only one shape: the almost square Academy Ratio. Before 1953, cinema’s shape is that of portraiture; after 1953 cinema’s shape is landscape. Widescreen filmmaking is not simply an alternative to previous visual representation in cinema because no equivalent exists. Widescreen is quite simply a break from previous stylistic norms because the shape of the frame itself has been drastically reconfigured. With the proliferation of HDTV and widescreen computer monitors, certain aspect ratios that were once regarded as specifically “cinematic” are now commonplace both in the home and in the workplace. This project outlines a project that traces the innovations and aesthetic developments of widescreen aspect ratios from the silent era of D.W Griffith, Buster Keaton and Abel Gance all the way through to current widescreen digital manifestations of web-based media and digital “blanks” such as those created by Pixar. Other chapters include close textual analyses of “experimental” widescreen films of 1930, the development of “norms” for widescreen filmmaking in the early CinemaScope era of the 1950s and examinations of the experimental multi-screen mosaics of 1968 and beyond.
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Legrand, Claire. "Méthodes d'étude de la tolérance oculaire "in vivo" et "in vitro"." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P079.
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Johnson, Jessica. "Stardom, Spectacle, Show, and Salability: United Artists and the Founding of the Hollywood Blockbuster Model." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/film_studies_theses/3.
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United Artists was an independent film distribution company that Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith, and Mary Pickford jointly formed in 1919 to maintain creative autonomy over their work. Without the benefit of block booking practices through studio-owned theater houses, each founding artist established specific economic and aesthetic practices within their respective oeuvres in order to maintain company solvency. The resulting films produced during the company’s formative years (1919-1931) saw increased emphasis and innovation in regard to stardom, spectacle, show, and salability, features which ultimately innovated the model for the contemporary Hollywood blockbuster. Attributing the formation of the blockbuster to United Artists not only complicates the notion of the Hollywood blockbuster as a post-World War II phenomenon, but also broadens our comprehension of blockbuster filmmaking by formulating a model in which one can refine blockbuster criteria. This reframes the blockbuster as the cornerstone of the Hollywood film industry for over a century and presents it as a more persistent phenomenon.
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Guler, Ozan Nuri. "Production System Optimization For Submersible Pump Lifted Wells:a Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605000/index.pdf.
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A computer program has been written to perform production optimization in submersible pump lifted wells.Production optimization was achieved by the principles of Nodal Analysis Technique which was applied between the reservoir and the wellhead ignoring the surface choke and separator.computer program has been written according to two lifting environment,which are:pumping with only liquid,pumping with both liquid and gas.
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Bouami, Driss. "Étude de la diffraction par le bord de fissure de faisceau ultrasonore focalisé et applications dans les essais de la mécanique de la rupture." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE056.
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Nous avons développé et breveté une méthode ultrasonore nouvelle que nous avons baptisée MU3F (Mesures par Ultrasons Focalisés sur les Fronts de Fissures). Elle est basée sur l'étude de l'évolution de l'amplitude d'échos et / ou de la position du pic d'échodynamique dus à la diffraction qui émane d'un coin d'entaille ou d'un bord de fissure. On a pu ainsi réaliser les performances suivantes : la détection précoce de l'amorçage de fissure de fatigue ; le suivi automatique de la propagation de fissure de fatigue ; la détection et le mesurage de la fermeture et de l'ouverture de fissure ; la détermination de la forme du front de fissure même courbé ; la détection de l'émoussement de fissure, la possibilité de mesurer l'ouverture en fond de fissure (C. T. O. D. ) peut-être envisagée ; la détection très précise de l'amorçage de déchirure ductile lors d'un chargement monotone ce qui permet de mesurer J1C de façon précise ; le suivi automatique de la propagation stable sous déplacement imposé, on peut ainsi déterminer la courbe jusqu'à des ouvertures importantes de fissure. Mais auparavant, pour choisir une bonne configuration technique et pour améliorer la sensibilité et la précision de la méthode proposée, nous avons fait plusieurs études expérimentales préalables des influences sur l'allure des pics d'échodynamique : des orientations du faisceau ultrasonore focalisé (angle de convergence, fréquence et diamètre de tache focale). Pour mieux connaître un tel phénomène afin de mieux l'utiliser et en expliquer les manifestations, nous avons réalisé deux études bibliographiques aussi complètes que possible : étude des aspects de diffraction de bord ; étude des principaux théories et modèles théoriques de diffraction. En outre, ayant mis en exergue les différentes performances de la méthode MU3F, il était logique de la situer parmi les autres méthodes déjà utilisées pour les mêmes besoins. C'est pour cela que nous avons fait une étude bibliographique aussi complète possible, de celles-ci ce qui nous a permis de les comparer à la méthode que nous avons mis au pointWe have developed and patented a new ultrasonic method which we have named MU3F (Measurements by Ultrasounds Focussed on Fatigue Fronts). It is based on the analysis of the evolution of the echo amplitude and/or of the position of echodynamic peak due to wave diffraction from a notch edge or a crack tip. With this method, we have realized the following applications : the early detection of fatigue crack initiation, the monitoring of fatigue crack propagation , the detection and measurement of crack opening and closure, the determination of the crack front even if it of a pronounced thumbnail shape ; the detection of crack blunting, the possibility of measuring the C. T. O. D. (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) can be intended ; the accurate detection of the initiation of ductile tearing in specimen under monotonic loading : this allows the accurate measurement of J1C ; the automatic monitoring of stable growth under fixed displacement, the curve JR can be determined until large Crack Opening Displacements (C. O. D. ). However, previously, in order to choose a good technical configuration and to improve the sensitivity and the accuracy of the method we proposed, we have carried out many experimental studies : studies of the influences, on the shape of the echodynamic peaks, exercised by the orientations of the focussed ultrasonic beam with respect to the crack plane and its front , the focussed beam characteristics (convergence angle, frequency and focal zone diameter). With the intention of understanding this phenomenon in order to exploit it efficaciously and to explain some of its appearances we have realized two bibliographical studies as completely as possible : study of the different aspects of wave tip diffraction ; study of the main theories and theoretical models of diffraction. Furthermore, in order to compare the method we proposed to the existing others used for the same applications, we have carried out a bibliographical study on those methods
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Gaiech, Zohra. "Etude du comportement des structures fissurées sous contraintes résiduelles par la méthode des équations intégrales." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1578.
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Les contraintes résiduelles ou internes influent sur la tenue en service des structures aéronautiques. Ce travail a été décomposée en deux parties. La première partie a été consacrée à l'étude des structures bidimensionnelles. L'effet des efforts volumiques type pesanteur, centrifuge et contraintes initiales a été étudié et implémenté dans un code aux éléments de frontière déjà existant (Prf2d). Dans la deuxième partie, un code indépendant permettant l'étude des structures massives en présence de contraintes initiales et basé sur plusieurs types d'éléments de frontière a été développé. L'effet des contraintes résiduelles est introduit à l'aide du principe de superposition. Les développements réalisés ont été validés sur des cas de références. Un cas industriel a été étudié. Ces développements, associés à des procédures d'adaptation de maillage devraient permettre d'étudier dans le futur des cas de propagation de fissures tridimensionnelles dans des champs de contraintes résiduelles pour lesquels des expériences seront réalisées au CCR-EADS de SuresnesResidual or internaIs stresses influence the in- service behaviour of aeronautic structures. Ln the particular case of a compressive residual stress field, their resistance is improved. This work has been decomposed in two parts. The first part, has been dedicated to the study of two-dimensional structure. The effect of volumic loads type gravitational, centrifuge and initial stress field has been studied and implemented in a Boundary Elements program already existing (Prf2d). Ln the second part, a new pro gram permitting the study of massive structure with initial stresses and based on several types of boundary elements has been developed. The principle of superposition is used to assess the influence of residual stresses. Developments was validated by analysing several representing examples. An industrial case has been studied. These developments associated to adaptation mesh procedures should permit in the future the study of three-dimensional cracks propagation in residual stress field for which experimental research will be achieved in the CCR-EADS of Suresnes
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Mahardhika, Hapsara. "Effectiveness of Soil/Spoil Amendments in Minimising Adverse Impacts of Runoff and Erosion at Coal Mine Rehabilitation Sites in the Bowen Basin Region, Central Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367329.
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Effects of vegetation cover on runoff and soil loss reduction at mine rehabilitation sites are well documented. However, the knowledge of soil amendment applications, namely polyacrylamide (PAM) and gypsum, prior to the establishment of vegetation is still very limited. These soil amendment methods have proven to have the ability to improve soil surface stability in agriculture, however, the application of soil amendments to improve the spoil surface at mine rehabilitation sites is still un–trialled and their effectiveness largely unknown.
This study covers 4 topics namely; (1) to analyse the effectiveness of soil amendments towards improving the hydraulic conductivity of the soil and spoil; (2) to determine the effect of soil amendments application on sediment concentration in the runoff and total soil loss generated from the laboratory based soil erosion experiments; (3) to assess WinSEADS model (Soil Erosion and Deposition Simulation – Windows) to predict sediment concentration and total soil loss under a variety of scenarios; (4) to carry out cost assessment of possible field application of soil amendments under several scenarios.
In the small–scale experiments, the application of soil amendments to the soil and spoil was found to be beneficial in increasing the hydraulic conductivity. The results indicate that gypsum is more effective in maintaining a high hydraulic conductivity when compared with PAM. The percentage increase of hydraulic conductivity was found to depend on the soil amendment application rates; and the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and spoil.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Mottet, Jean. "Cinéma et paysage : de la représentation à l'expérience paysagère." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010539.
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En Amérique, le problème de la relation avec le territoire vierge est d' abord redéfini dans le courant du 19e siècle par des hommes qui ne sont pas des artistes au sens traditionnel du terme. Des grands photographes de paysage (Jackson, Watkins, Russel. . . ) aux premiers opérateurs de cinéma, ce sont des techniciens ou des entrepreneurs qui inventent et diffusent les premiers paysages américains. Dès le début du 20e siècle, le spectacle de la nature cède la place à la multiplication des visions médiatiques : lanterne magique, panorama, photo, cinéma. Dans ce nouveau contexte, les courts métrages de D. W. Griffith tournés entre 1908 et 1915 sont l'occasion d'analyser les rapports originaux qui s'élaborent entre représentations populaires et scène américaine. De nouveaux schèmes organisationnels se diffusent, en prise directe avec les processus ordinaires de la vie quotidienne, selon les nécessités sociales du moment plutôt qu' en rapport avec une invention réfléchie du paysage dans le cadre d'une esthétique. Cette expérience historique détermine une nouvelle manière d'être à l'espace qui permet de penser les relations du cinéma aux paysages contemporains (naturels et urbains) selon d'autres logiques, intégrant les notions de lieu et non-lieu, sans dissociation. Recroiser le langage du cinéma et du monde conduit par ailleurs à envisager de nouvelles formes d'échanges avec ce qui nous entoure/
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Minguez-Cunningham, Caroline. "Évolution des droits de l'homme aux États-Unis : étude des notions d'esclavagisme et de traumatisme culturel et du mouvement abolitionniste à travers trois représentations cinématographiques : the Birth of a Nation, de D. W. Griffith, (1915), Amistad, de Steven Spielberg, (1997) et The Help de Tate Taylor,(2011)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30014/document.
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La thématique de l’esclavage aux États-Unis nous a toujours interpellés, interrogés et nous a toujours donné envie d’en savoir plus et de comprendre comment un tel système a pu perdurer pendant plus de deux cents ans, provoquer la division profonde d’une nation et une guerre civile pour finalement laisser des traces et des marques indélébiles sur les États-Unis. Cet intérêt nous a poussés à nous intéresser tout d’abord à la notion du traumatisme culturel de l’esclavage, puis, à sa représentation cinématographique dans le cinéma américain par trois cinéastes américains (D. W. Griffith, né en 1875 dans le Kentucky, Steven Spielberg, né en 1946 dans l’Ohio et Tate Taylor né en 1969 dans le Mississippi), qui traitent de trois périodes historiques différentes à des époques distinctes. Nous nous sommes alors posé la question du lien qu’il existe entre la réalité physique, vécue, d’un événement et sa représentation cinématographique qui est forcément distanciée, temporellement et/ou spatialement. Comment les réalisateurs peuvent-ils représenter fidèlement la réalité historique ? Comment évitent-ils (ou non) d’insérer des « filtres », qu’ils soient personnels ou sociologiques, et, comment ne pas transformer l’histoire, la modeler, en occultant par exemple les éléments qui n’abondent pas dans le sens du message que l’on souhaite véhiculer ? Dans l’hypothèse où le réalisateur est de parti-pris, comment le spectateur peut-il en avoir conscience au moment où il regarde le film ? Ce travail est donc né d’une réflexion sur l’importance culturelle et civilisationnelle de la notion de traumatisme culturel dans la représentation cinématographique de l’esclavage aux États-Unis. Les trois films que nous avons choisis pour notre corpus sont The Birth of a Nation de D.W. Griffith (1915), Amistad de Steven Spielberg (1997) et The Help, de Tate Taylor (2011). Ces films représentent trois époques distinctes de la vie et de la société américaine puisque The Birth of a Nation raconte le déroulement de la Guerre de Sécession en se plaçant dans la vie d’une famille sudiste. Amistad prend pour contexte les années 1839 à 1841 et The Help se déroule à Jackson, dans le Mississippi des années 60.En choisissant des films qui représentent des époques historiques distinctes mais qui ont également été réalisés à des périodes différentes les unes des autres, nous avons souhaité prendre en compte cette question de la réadaptation et de la réinterprétation de l’événement traumatique.Nous avons souhaité montrer, à travers notre travail, comment les cinéastes adaptent un fait réel ou un ouvrage littéraire, en supprimant certains éléments ou en rajoutant, en adaptant la réalité historique pour en faire une fiction qui cherche à montrer une représentation du réel. Nous avons aussi et surtout démontré comment la notion de « traumatisme culturel » influence le travail des cinéastes qui se sont penchés sur l'héritage culturel qu'est l'esclavage. Nous avons souhaité voir dans quelle mesure cette notion de traumatisme culturel influe sur la création artistique filmique, et dans quelle mesure ses caractéristiques pouvaient s’appliquer à notre corpus. Quels en sont les aspects les plus représentés et prégnants ? Nous avons fait l’analyse de notre corpus dans un ordre chronologique de création, en premier lieu nous nous sommes penchés sur The Birth of a Nation de D.W. Griffith, sorti en 1915, puis nous avons analysé Amistad de Spielberg, sorti en 1997, pour finir avec l’étude de The Help, réalisé par Tate Taylor et sorti en salle en 2011.Pour chacun de ces films, nous avons étudié le contexte historique et géopolitique inhérent à l’époque représentée, puis, le passage de la réalité historique à l’œuvre de fiction, le processus d’adaptation cinématographique, (éléments fidèles, ajouts, simplifications et suppressions) pour analyser la globalité de chacun en regard de cette notion de traumatisme culturelSlavery in the USA has always been an interesting thematic to us. We have always wanted to learn more about it thus understanding how such a system could have been implemented for more than 200 years, have caused the division and a fracture in a nation, have led to the Civil War and have left permanent scars ont the United States of America. This particular interest led us to look into the concept of cultural trauma, and into its representation by three American film directors (D. W. Griffith, born in Kentucky in 1915, Steven Spielberg, born in Ohio in 1946 and Tate Taylor born in Mississippi in 1969), who picture at various distinct periods three different historical eras. We have considered the link existing between the physical reality of an event and its cinematographic representation, which is spatially or temporally distanced from the event. How can film directors faithfully represent historical reality ? How do (or don’t) they avoid to insert in their work personal or sociological filters ? How don’t they transform history, or shape it by not mentionning the elements that do not concur to the message one wants to deliver ? What if the director’s views are biased? How can the viewer be conscious of it and keep it in mind as he or she watches the film?Our work initiated from a reflexion upon the cultural and socialogical importance of the notion of cultural trauma in the cinematographic representation of slavery in the United States. The three movies we have chosen to work on are : The Birth of a Nation, (D.W. Griffith, 1915), Amistad (Steven Spielberg, 1997) and The Help (Tate Taylor, 2011). These films represent three distinct periods in the life of the American society since The Birth of a Nation pictures the progress of the American Civil War inside a Confederate family, Amistad is set between the years 1839 and 1841, and The Help takes place in the sixties, in Jackson, Mississippi.In choosing films that represent various historical periods and that have been directed at different periods of time, we wanted to take into account both the notions of re-adapting and re-interpreting the traumatic event. We have wished to demonstrate, through our work, how film directors adapt a real fact or a book by deleting some elements or adding some others, by adapting historical reality to turn it into a fiction showing a representation of reality. We have also tried to show how « cultural trauma » acts upon the audiovisual work of film directors who choose to picture the cultural heritage of slavery. We have analyzed to what extent cultural trauma has an influence on filmic creation and how its characteristics can be applied to our corpus. What aspects of it are most represented ?We have decided to analyze our corpus in a chronological order. We have started with D. W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation (1915), we have then analyzed S. Spielberg’s Amistad, (1997), and ended with T. Taylor’s (2011). For each of these films, we have first studied the historic and geopolitic contexts of the historical periods represented, we’ve then dealt with the transition from historical reality to fiction and we’ve analyzed the entirety of each movie compared to to the notion of cultural trauma. How and to what extent can it be found into these artitic works ? As a mass media, cinema has an educational role and we have demonstrated its link with cultural trauma
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Balasoiu, Dimitri. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement mécanique de floes de glace." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM045.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans un projet global de recherche sur la modélisation de la banquise, mené conjointement par TOTAL S.A. et l'université Grenoble Alpes. Ce projet à ammené au développement d'un modèle granulaire pour simuler l'évolution de la banquise, ainsi que le comportement mécanique des floes de glace. Une implémentation informatique du modèle permet de simuler les collisions d'un million de blocs de glace, ainsi que leurs interactions avec des structures rigides. La présente thèse améliore ce modèle granulaire, en proposant un modèle efficace de fracture des blocs de glace. Dans une première partie, on propose un modèle de fracture d’un floe de glace lorsque celui-ci est soumis à un déplacement de son bord. Notre modèle est un modèle variationnel, dans la lignée du modèle de Francfort et Marigo, et consiste à minimiser l'énergie totale du matériau. On montre que, sous certaines hypothèses, cette fonctionnelle d'énergie possède bien un minimum. Le modèle proposé est efficace, et peut être intégré dans le modèle de collision, qui gère le comportement d'un grand nombre de blocs. Cette efficacité repose sur une hypothèse géométrique forte, bien qu'atténuée par l'utilisation d'un chargement quasi-statique : nous supposons que les seules fractures admissibles sont des segments de droites. Dans une seconde partie, on cherche à dériver les conditions au bord lors de la percussion à partir d'un modèle mécanique discret. Pour ce faire, on se propose de considérer un matériau élastique comme la limite d'un réseau isotrope de masses, reliées entre elles par des ressorts. Sur un réseau discret, on connaît l'équation différentielle qui régit le mouvement de chaque masse ; on peut espérer en dériver une expression du déplacement au bord. Une première étape est de montrer que l'état d'équilibre du réseau discret approche l'état d'équilibre d'un matériel élastique, lorsqu'on fixe un déplacement du bord. On présente plusieurs résultats de Gamma-convergence de fonctionnelles discrètes, définies sur différents réseaux de ressorts, vers la fonctionnelle d'énergie élastique classique. On utilisera en particulier un réseau isotrope, obtenu à partir d'un processus stochastique ponctuel sur lequel on construit une triangulation de Delaunay. Dans ce cas, on proposera un résultat de Gamma-convergence presque sûreThis doctoral dissertation is part of a research project on sea ice modeling, initiated by TOTAL S.A. and the Université Grenoble Alpes.This project lead to the development of a granular model for the evolution of sea ice, and in particular the mechanical behavior of ice floes in the marginal ice zone.The implementation of the model can simulate the collisions of one million ice floes, and their interaction with rigid structures.This PhD thesis improves the current granular model by adding an efficient model for ice floe fracture.Firstly, we present a fracture model for an ice floe subject to a boundary displacement.This model is a brittle fracture model, relying on the work of citeauthor{GRIFFITH1921}.It is written in a variational framework inspired from that of citeauthor{FM98}'s model: we minimize the total energy of the material.We show that, under some hypothesis, the total energy of the ice floe has a minimum.This variational model is efficient, and can be used in the collision model which simulates the behavior of a large number of floes.This efficiency relies on a strong geometric hypothesis, although mitigated by the use of a quasistatic loading : we restrict the space of admissible fractures to the set of segment lines.Secondly, we present a research strategy to obtain an expression of the boundary displacement during the percussion of two ice floes.The strategy is the following : we consider the ice floe as the limit of an isotropic mass-spring lattice.For a given lattice, we can write the differential equation verified by each mass, and thus we hope to derive an expression of the boundary displacement.We identify three mathematical limits which we deem necessary to the understanding of the percussion phenomenon, and we obtain two of them.Doing so, we prove two Gamma-convergence results of discrete functionals, defined on different lattices, to the classical elastic energy.In particular, we work with a stochastic isotropic lattice, built as the Delaunay triangulation of a stochastic point process.In that case, we will prove the almost-sure Gamma-convergence
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Griffiths, Sharon. "Antimalarial compounds from Crinum Bulbispermum / Sharon Griffiths." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/96.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, of which Plasmodium
falciparum is the most widespread and dangerous. Around 800 000 children under the age of
five die from malaria every year. An increase in resistance to previously effective drugs is also
evident. This disease therefore has social and economical consequences. The isolation of
antimalarial compounds from medicinal plants may provide the solution to an ever increasing
demand for new effective antimalarial agents. Compounds with antimalarial activity also tend to
have antimicrobial activity, thus when testing plants for antimalarial activity, it must be
considered that they may also provide effective antimicrobial agents.
Six plants were selected and 62 extracts of the different morphological plant parts were
prepared, using Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and
ethanol consecutively. The antimalarial activity was assessed by employing the [3H] -
hypoxanthine incorporation assay against the chloroquine-resistant Gambian FCR-3 strain of P.
falciparum. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of Crinum bulbispermum exhibited
the most promising activity, with IC, values of 0.379 + 0.126 and 0.08 f 0.004 kg/ml
respectively, and were selected for further study.
Two acids, namely linoleic acid (24), oleic acid (25) and an alkaloid, namely lycorine (26) was
isolated with column and thin layer chromatography and structures were elucidated by using
nuclear magnetic resonance, mass and infrared spectrometry.
The antimalarial activity of the isolated compounds (24 - 26) were assessed. The IC, value of
the isolated compound lycorine (26) (0.0291 f 0.01 kg/ml) compares well to that of chloroquine
(1) and quinine (2) (IC, values of 0.04 + 0.01 and 0.17 + 0.02 pg/ml, respectively). These
compounds (24 - 26) were found to be relatively non-toxic as determined by an in vitro cellular
toxicity assay. IC, values for toxicity were determined for the respective compounds (24 - 26)
and lycorine (26) had the best toxicity index of > 15 000. Since this compound had such a high
toxicity index it was regarded as suitable for further investigation as an antimalarial drug.
Antimicrobial activity was assessed with the direct plate method and minimum inhibitory
concentration values were determined. The best activity was observed for the alkaloid lycorine
(26) against 6. subtilis.
The isolated alkaloid lycorine (26) is not structurally related to any other antimalarial drug
currently in use and could therefore be used as a lead compound for a new class of antimalarial
drugs. The diverse chemistry of medicinal plants affords a viable source in the search for
biologically active compounds.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Darondeau, Lionel. "Sur la conjecture de Green-Griffiths logarithmique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112134/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet d'étude de ce mémoire est la géométrie des courbes holomorphes entières à valeurs dans le complémentaire d'hypersurfaces génériques de l'espace projectif complexe. Les conjectures célèbres de Kobayashi et de Green-Griffiths énoncent que pour de telles hypersurfaces, de grand degré, les images de ces courbes entières doivent satisfaire certaines contraintes algébriques. En adaptant les techniques de jets développées notamment par Bloch, Green-Griffiths, Demailly, Siu, Diverio-Merker-Rousseau, pour les courbes à valeurs dans une hypersurface projective (cas dit compact), nous obtenons la dégénérescence algébrique des courbes entières f : ℂ→Pⁿ∖Xd (cas dit logarithmique), pour les hypersurfaces génériques Xd de Pⁿ de degré d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ. Comme dans le cas compact, notre preuve repose essentiellement sur l'élimination algébrique de toutes les dérivées dans des équations différentielles qui sont vérifiées par toute courbe entière non constante. L'existence de telles équations différentielles est obtenue grâce aux inégalités de Morse holomorphes et à une variante simplifiée d'une formule de résidus originalement élaborée par Bérczi à partir de la formule de localisation équivariante d'Atiyah-Bott. La borne effective d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ est obtenue par réduction radicale d'un calcul de résidus itérés de très grande ampleur. Ensuite, la déformation de ces équations différentielles par dérivation le long de champs de vecteurs obliques, dont l'existence est ici généralisée et clarifiée, nous permet d'engendrer suffisamment de nouvelles équations pour réaliser l'élimination algébrique finale évoquée ci-dessusThe topic of this memoir is the geometry of holomorphic entire curves with values in the complement of generic hypersurfaces of the complex projective space. The well-known conjectures of Kobayashi and of Green-Griffiths assert that for such hypersurfaces, having large degree, the images of these curves shall fulfill algebraic constraints. By adapting the jet techniques developed notably by Bloch, Green-Griffiths, Demailly, Siu, Diverio-Merker-Rousseau, in the case of curves with values in projective hypersurfaces (so-called compact case), we obtain the algebraic degeneracy of entire curves f : ℂ→Pⁿ∖Xd (so called logarithmic case), for generic hypersurfaces Xd in Pⁿ of degree d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ. As in the compact case, our proof essentially relies on the algebraic elimination of all derivatives in differential equations that are satisfied by every nonconstant entire curve. The existence of such differential equations is obtained thanks to the holomorphic Morse inequalities and a simplified variant of a residue formula firstly developed by Bérczi from the Atiyah-Bott equivariant localization formula. The effective lower bound d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ is obtained by radically simplifying a huge iterated residue computation. Next, the deformation of these differential equations by derivation along slanted vector fields, the existence of which is here generalized and clarified, allows us to generate sufficiently many new differential equations in order to realize the final algebraic elimination mentioned above
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Parsons, Rebecca Lindsey. "The Effects of the Internationalisation of Universities on Domestic Students." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365867.
Full textAbstract:
The internationalisation of universities is currently a very common goal for both educators and politicians. However, few universities look beyond increasing participation in the typical activities of internationalisation, (including study abroad, the presence of international students, and internationalisation of the curriculum), to specifying the desired outcomes. Furthermore, no current and complete instrument exists to measure whether students are achieving these outcomes.
Through a review of the theoretical an empirical literature, a list of the potential outcomes of internationalisation was composed and refined into three knowledge areas:
Foreign Language Proficiency, Knowledge of a Specific Region or Country, and International Knowledge, and three affective areas: International Attitudes and Perceptions, Cross-Cultural Skills, and International Behaviours. Questions in each area were taken from previous instruments or composed by the researcher, then refined and selected by content area experts who judged new questions for sampling and item validity. Pilot testing was conducted on the majority of the scales in order to establish construct and internal consistency reliability. The final instrument consisted of six scales representing the different areas of the desired outcomes of internationalisation. Thirteen hundred and two students (from Griffith University in Australia and Kennesaw State University and University College at Buffalo State in the U.S.) completed these scales and a background information questionnaire. Factor analysis was conducted on the three affective scales, resulting in 10 subscales. The scale of International Attitudes and Perceptions consisted of three subscales: Global Interdependence and Cooperation, Cultural Pluralism, and Cultural and National Self-Awareness. The scale of Cross-Cultural Skills consisted of three subscales: Intercultural Communication and Teamwork, Intercultural Friendship, and Behavioural Flexibility. The scale of International Behaviours consisted of four subscales: Academic Involvement, Intercultural Curiosity and Involvement, Charitable Involvement, and Political Involvement.
MANOVAs were used to assess the relationship between background and internationalisation variables, and the scale and subscale scores. The results confirmed that the primary components of an internationalised education (study abroad, contact with international students, and an internationalised curriculum) and frequent attendance at international events, were significantly correlated with higher scores on almost all of the scales and subscales. Other international variables were also significantly correlated, but with fewer scales. In addition, a number of background variables were found to be significantly correlated with one or more scale scores: age, gender, being born or having parents born outside the country, speaking a second language at home, level of parental education, GPA, course of study, religion, frequency of attendance at religious services, political beliefs, exposure to international news media, and source of television news.
This study supports the hypothesis that an internationalised education is effective in bringing about change in students. Students who have had greater participation in the components of internationalisation during their education were shown to have greater foreign language skills, higher levels of general and region- and country-specific international knowledge, more worldminded attitudes, behaviours that reflected those attitudes, and higher levels of cross-cultural skills. These findings offer renewed support and scientific vigour to the claims made by international educators, which should help fuel the effort to bring internationalisation to the forefront of university strategic plans. They also shed greater light on the areas of internationalisation that are correlated with various outcomes so that internationalisation strategies can better target specific outcomes. An additional side benefit of this study is the creation of an instrument that with some changes, can serve as an up-to-date, valid, and reliable instrument to measure a wide-ranging set of outcomes of an internationalised education and to track a university’s progress in achieving these outcomes.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Faculty of Education
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Chan, Ka-bo, and 陳家寶. "On Griffiths' formalism of the calculus of variations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30456630.
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Teasdale, Wayne Robert. "Bede Griffiths : an introduction to his interspiritual thought /." Woodstock (Vt.) : SkyLight Paths, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40932635f.
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Kirchhubel, Julie, and n/a. "Adolescent Music Development and the Influence of Pre-Tertiary Specialised Music Training." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040427.122927.
Full textAbstract:
The study explores the music development, achievement and aspirations of adolescent students who participate in pre-tertiary specialised music programs. A theoretical model is developed for the study to investigate the role and influence of such training in the development of music skills, and explores relationships amongst music experience, music engagement, academic achievement, interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships, personal learning styles, and affective response to music. The data source for the study was the Young Conservatorium program (YCP) at Griffith University. Three sub-studies formed the investigation, two focussing on music development, and one, the program. The first sub-study involved 117 enrolled students, the second, 44 teachers and 112 former students, and the third, 15 case studies. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using surveys, tasks, tests, interviews, discussions, reflective journals, and practice logs. A large body of literature has identified a continued need for research that traces the music development of young musicians in adolescence, research that utilises both large and small sampling (particularly case studies), and is conducted at the time of training. The present study was conducted over two years, utilised a larger population than many previous studies, involved case studies, and combined contemporaneous and retrospective approaches. Research findings contribute to knowledge regarding young musicians' music training and learning in pre-tertiary specialised music programs, and the nature of pre-tertiary specialised music programs themselves: their rationale, methods of instruction, and overall effectiveness. They highlight the types of music programs and music training provisions available to young Australian musicians, and, though showing students to frequently engage in multiple music learning environments, confirm the need for individuals demonstrating above-average music ability to access specialised music tuition and opportunities, develop in a supportive learning environment, and interact with students of similar interests and abilities. Although also suggesting there to be a number of factors associated with pre-tertiary specialised music training that can deter some students, such factors tend to be non-musical in nature. In all, the study does show a trend for the families of young, above-average musicians to choose to provide for their children access to pre-tertiary specialised training, and for participants to gain from this experience. The study seeks to enhance understanding of the conditions though which music development is nurtured; it confirms the importance of exposure and opportunity, the collective efforts of the family and community, and the need for hard work and perseverance to usually be exercised by young musicians themselves. Common trends associated with the music development of young, above-average musicians pertained to music training and influences, characteristics, goals, and achievement. Early music exposure, guidance, and positive music experiences were found to be conducive to music learning. The establishment of a practice routine, increasing engagement with music, the formation of broad music preferences, demonstration of high music aptitude, musical and academic achievement, and goal-setting all characterised the experiences and marked the qualities of students sustaining their music interests in adolescence. Interpersonal support and developing intrapersonal attributes, personal learning styles and increasing affective response to music, together with developing cognitive and metacognitive skills, were generally shown to typify the music development of young, above-average musicians in adolescence.
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Kirchhubel, Julie. "Adolescent Music Development and the Influence of Pre-Tertiary Specialised Music Training." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367185.
Full textAbstract:
The study explores the music development, achievement and aspirations of adolescent students who participate in pre-tertiary specialised music programs. A theoretical model is developed for the study to investigate the role and influence of such training in the development of music skills, and explores relationships amongst music experience, music engagement, academic achievement, interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships, personal learning styles, and affective response to music. The data source for the study was the Young Conservatorium program (YCP) at Griffith University. Three sub-studies formed the investigation, two focussing on music development, and one, the program. The first sub-study involved 117 enrolled students, the second, 44 teachers and 112 former students, and the third, 15 case studies. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using surveys, tasks, tests, interviews, discussions, reflective journals, and practice logs. A large body of literature has identified a continued need for research that traces the music development of young musicians in adolescence, research that utilises both large and small sampling (particularly case studies), and is conducted at the time of training. The present study was conducted over two years, utilised a larger population than many previous studies, involved case studies, and combined contemporaneous and retrospective approaches. Research findings contribute to knowledge regarding young musicians' music training and learning in pre-tertiary specialised music programs, and the nature of pre-tertiary specialised music programs themselves: their rationale, methods of instruction, and overall effectiveness. They highlight the types of music programs and music training provisions available to young Australian musicians, and, though showing students to frequently engage in multiple music learning environments, confirm the need for individuals demonstrating above-average music ability to access specialised music tuition and opportunities, develop in a supportive learning environment, and interact with students of similar interests and abilities. Although also suggesting there to be a number of factors associated with pre-tertiary specialised music training that can deter some students, such factors tend to be non-musical in nature. In all, the study does show a trend for the families of young, above-average musicians to choose to provide for their children access to pre-tertiary specialised training, and for participants to gain from this experience. The study seeks to enhance understanding of the conditions though which music development is nurtured; it confirms the importance of exposure and opportunity, the collective efforts of the family and community, and the need for hard work and perseverance to usually be exercised by young musicians themselves. Common trends associated with the music development of young, above-average musicians pertained to music training and influences, characteristics, goals, and achievement. Early music exposure, guidance, and positive music experiences were found to be conducive to music learning. The establishment of a practice routine, increasing engagement with music, the formation of broad music preferences, demonstration of high music aptitude, musical and academic achievement, and goal-setting all characterised the experiences and marked the qualities of students sustaining their music interests in adolescence. Interpersonal support and developing intrapersonal attributes, personal learning styles and increasing affective response to music, together with developing cognitive and metacognitive skills, were generally shown to typify the music development of young, above-average musicians in adolescence.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
Faculty of Education
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Jaubert, André. "Approche variationnelle de la fatigue." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315565.
Full textAbstract:
En adoptant un principe de moindre énergie, une énergie de surface de type Dugdale-Barenblatt et une condition d'irréversibilité, on construit un modèle de propagation de fissure opérant aussi bien sous chargement monotone que sous chargement cyclique. Plus précisément, à travers l'exemple du décollement d'un film mince, on montre tout d'abord qu'en utilisant une énergie de surface de Griffith, il est impossible de rendre compte du phénomène de fatigue. Par contre, avec une énergie de surface de type Barenblatt, on prouve que la solution du problème incrémental correspond au décollement progressif du film, cycle après cycle. Le nombre de cycles jusqu'à décollement total du film dépend des paramètres du problème. On étudie ensuite le décollement en fatigue lorsque la longueur caractéristique du modèle de Barenblatt est petite devant celle du film. On obtient alors une loi de fatigue limite qui contient à la fois la loi de propagation de Griffith sous chargement monotone et une loi de fatigue de type Paris sous chargement cyclique. Cette loi déduite de la minimisation d'énergie dépend à la fois de la structure, du matériau et du chargement. Lorsque l'on modifie la condition d'irréversibilité, l'énergie potentielle ou le type de chargement, on obtient d'autres lois de fatigue limites même si elles sont toujours du même type. Il s'agit enfin de mettre en évidence les propriétés de telles lois et de les étendre à des problèmes plus généraux.
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Vasoya, Manishkumar Laxmanbhai. "Study on Tensile Failure of Highly Heterogeneous Brittle Materials." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066650.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement d’outils prédictifs qui relient l’échelle microscopique à l’échelle macroscopique dans le cadre de la rupture fragile est le défi majeur de cette thése. Dans le cas d’une fissure plane se propageant de façon quasistatique, en mode I, dans un matériau faiblement hétérogène et invariant dans la direction de propagation, on peut montrer à l’aide d’une approche perturbative utilisant les fonctions de poids, que le seuil de rupture de Griffith est toujours atteint en tout point du front et que par conséquent la ténacité effective est simplement égale à la moyenne des valeurs locales. Nous abordons ici le même problème mais avec des hétérogénéités de ténaciteé plus élevées. Dans la première partie, nous considérons une fissure semi-infinie dans un corps infini ou dans une plaque d’épaisseur finie et nous étendons analytiquement l’approche du premier au second ordre. Nous montrons que, même si le critère de Griffith est atteint partout, les déformations du front peuvent induire une déviation de la ténacité efficace de sa valeur moyenne. Nous effectuoès de plus des expériences de peeling afin de préciser le domaine de validité des approches. Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons une fissure circulaire se propageant dans un motif de ténacité axisymétrique et résolvons le problème numériquement, quelquesoit le contraste de ténacité et la taille des hétéogénéités, en itérant sur les formules du premier ordre. Pour un contraste d’hétérogénéité suffisamment grand, le critére de la Griffith ne peut plus être atteint partout: certains points du front sont piégés par les zones plus tenaces, tandis que d’autres parties avancent indéfiniment. De ce fait, la ténacité diminue avec la taille et le contraste, à partir de sa valeur moyenne locale jusqu à son minimumThe development of predictive tools that bridge microscopic to macroscopic scales in brittle fracture is the key challenge of this thesis. In the context of quasi-static planar crack propagation under mode I loading, it has been shown, using first-order weight-function perturbation approaches that, for weak heterogeneities, when the material is homogeneous in the propagation direction, the Griffith’s threshold is always reached for all points of the crack front so that the effective toughness is simply equal to the average of the local toughness. Here, we address the same problem but with stronger toughness heterogeneities. In the first part, we consider a half-plane crack embedded in an infinite body or in a finite thickness plate and we extend analytically the first-order approaches to the second-order. We show that even if Griffith’s criterion is reached all over the front, the deformations of the front may induce some second-order deviation of the effective toughness from its mean value. We also perform peeling experiments that define their range of applicability. In the second part, we consider a circular crack propagating in an axisymmetric toughness map and solved the problem numerically, for any toughness contrast and heterogeneity size, by iterating the first-order formulas. For large enough heterogeneity contrast, the Griffith’s criterion can no more be reached everywhere: some points of the front are pinned by strong impurities, while some other parts advances continuously. Correspondingly, the effective toughness is shown to decrease with size and strength of heterogeneity from the average value of the local toughness down to its minimum one
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Samuel, Candice. "Practitioners' views of the Griffiths scales : informing the revision process." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021062.
Full textAbstract:
The Association for Research in Infant and Child Development (ARICD) is currently in the process of revising the Griffiths Scales. When revising measures, obtaining practitioners’ views on the measure is common practice. The purpose of the present study was to explore the themes emerging from a group of practitioners surveyed on their opinions about the Griffiths Scales in order to inform the Griffiths Scales revision process. A qualitative, survey methodology was used. A survey questionnaire was designed and distributed by the ARICD to ascertain practitioners’ and researchers’ views on assessing child development, insights into practicalities and the usability of the Griffiths Scales, as well as their opinions on potential changes and improvements. Data were also gathered on the frequency, purpose and age range with which practitioners used the Griffiths Scales. The questionnaire was distributed to Registered Griffiths Scales Users (practitioners) via the ARICD members’ email distribution list. The practitioners and researchers were either current or past users of the Griffiths Scales. Eighty-five completed questionnaires were returned of which 52 were from current, regular users of the Griffiths Scales and 33 were from non-users. The data obtained from the 85 returned questionnaires were analysed in the present research study using thematic analysis to extract themes for both users and non-users of the Griffiths Scales. The results of the data analysis revealed four over-arching themes, namely, purpose and use of the Griffiths Scales; domains, content, and structure of the Griffiths Scales; psychometric properties, standardisation, and norms; and merits, limitations, and improvements. Based on the themed views of practitioners, recommendations were made regarding the support for the next revision cycle as well as strengths of the Griffiths Scales that should be retained and improvements and additions needed. It is hoped that these recommendations will guide aspects of the revision process. Consequently, the recommendations have been submitted to the Project Board.
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Chow, Hong-Yu, and 周康宇. "Griffiths' formalism of the calculus of variations and applications toinvariants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35812503.
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Griffiths, Roger Evan. "Return Map Characterizations of Singular Solutions for a Model of Bursting with Two Slow Variables." Thesis, Montana State University, 2003. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2003/griffiths/GriffithsR_03.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Various physiological systems display bursting electrical activity (BEA). There exist numerous three variable models to describe this behavior. However, four variables may be required to explain some qualitative features of BEA. In this dissertation a model with two slow and two fast variables is presented. For some parameter values the system has stable equilibria while for other values there exist bursting solutions. A singular construction of the latter solutions corresponds to the existence of a fixed point of a one dimensional map. The map is the composition of two maps derived from the slow-subsystem and averaged fast-subsystem. In a degenerate case this fixed point is determined. For non-degenerate cases numerical methods for calculating the maps will be presented.