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Law, Moira A., Pamela Pastirik, and Isdore Chola Shamputa. "Expressive Arts for Grieving Youth: A Pilot Project." OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 08, no. 01 (January 28, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.2301009.
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The experience of loss due to death, illness, and social mitigation was inevitable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health services are chronically difficult to access in Canada, and this barrier is further exacerbated when trying to access certified art therapists to deliver expressive arts therapy. This pilot project attempted to provide an alternative to this service through an interprofessional alliance with a professional artist and certified counselors. A small group (n = 6) of vulnerable youth who had suffered the recent loss of a loved one and were at risk for mental health issues participated in an expressive arts therapy program, over a four-week period in the late Spring of 2021. Expressive arts activities such as clay mask making to express the emotions of grief, provided opportunities for the youth to learn healthy ways of coping with grief and loss. A mixed-methods approach involving quantitative data was collected with a battery of well-validated instruments to assess changes in depressive symptomatology, social and emotional loneliness and satisfaction with life. These measures were complemented with qualitative data collected during a focus group at the end of the program. Measures conducted before and after the program found decreases in loneliness, coupled with youth expressing the shared experience was comforting, reduced feelings of isolation, and increased a sense of belonging. Preliminary evidence supports that expressive arts programs for vulnerable youth may help to stabilize mood, decrease feelings of isolation/loneliness, and may generate a supportive community of peers, providing a safe space for the expression of grief through creative outlets.
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Cordell, Antoinette S., and Nancy Thomas. "Perinatal Loss: Intensity and Duration of Emotional Recovery." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 35, no. 3 (November 1997): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dbc8-cpvr-k5ax-v79x.
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This article seeks to expand our concept of the intense grief process that parents endure in suffering the loss of a baby. It is based on our experience of eighteen years in counseling bereaved parents in our perinatal support group program at Children's Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio. There are unique characteristics of parental grief that are not accounted for in our theories to date. Full emotional expression has been emphasized as helpful although it has been recognized in recent research findings that it may not be necessary for all individuals. Here we address how to conceptualize the continuous alternation of denial and acceptance as parents grieve and the lack of definitive resolution. We apply Berenson's Map of Emotions to this issue in developing a working clinical model of the mourning process.
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Myers-Coffman, Katherine, Felicity A. Baker, Brian P. Daly, Robert Palisano, and Joke Bradt. "The Resilience Songwriting Program for Adolescent Bereavement: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study." Journal of Music Therapy 56, no. 4 (2019): 348–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thz011.
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Abstract Music therapy research with youth who are grieving often reports on a combination of interventions, such as lyric analysis, improvisation, and/or songwriting. Unfortunately, the lack of theoretical transparency in how and why these interventions affect targeted outcomes limits interpretation and application of this important research. In this exploratory study, the authors evaluated the impact of an 8-session, theory-driven group songwriting program on protective factors in adolescent bereavement, and also sought to better understand adolescents' experiences of the program. Using a single-group, pretest-posttest convergent mixed methods design, participants were enrolled from three study sites and included 10 adolescents (five girls and five boys), ages 11–17 years, who self-identified as grieving a loss. Outcomes measured included grief, coping, emotional expression, self-esteem, and meaning making. Qualitative data were captured through in-session journaling and semi-structured interviews. There were no statistically significant improvements for grief, self-esteem, coping, and meaning making. Individual score trends suggested improvements in grief. The majority of the participants reported greater inhibition of emotional expression, and this was statistically significant. Thematic findings revealed that the program offered adolescents a sense of togetherness, a way to safely express grief-related emotions and experiences verbally and nonverbally, and opportunities for strengthening music and coping skills. These findings suggest that engaging in collaborative therapeutic songwriting with grieving peers may decrease levels of grief, enhance creative expression, and provide social support. More research is needed on measuring self-esteem, emotional expression, coping, and meaning making outcomes in ways that are meaningful to adolescents.
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Koblenz, Jessica. "Growing From Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815576123.
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Currently, there are 2.5 million children in the United States who suffered the loss of a parent. Grieving children are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with their nongrieving peers. Adults ( N = 19) who experienced a loss during childhood were interviewed to assess what was most helpful and most harmful in coping through the years following the death. The qualitative descriptions were coded and analysis of common themes determined. Five theoretical constructs were found: adjustment to catastrophe, support, therapy, continuing a connection with the deceased parent, and reinvestment. The findings have clinical applications for bereaved children, their families, and clinical programs targeting this population. The unique insights provide an emotionally salient expression of their experiences and provide a framework for how best to support this group.
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Turunen, Tuija, and Raija-Leena Punamäki. "Professionally Led Peer Support Group Process After the School Shooting in Finland." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815575700.
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Background Traumatic grief is a risk factor for psychological and physiological impairment. In a school shooting incident in Finland, several people lost their lives, and a large number of bereaved family members were at risk for traumatic grief. Psychosocial support for these bereaved was therefore essential, and this article describes a program that was developed for that purpose. Method Professionally led peer support group process was provided for the relatives of the deceased in the school shooting in Kauhajoki, Finland, 2008. The 2-year-long process consisted of five weekend gatherings with psychoeducative and group-work elements. The content of the process was based on the existing knowledge of and recommendations for enhancing recovery after a traumatic loss. Results On the average, 50 relatives of the deceased in the school shooting participated in the process. The process was based on the principles of (a) timing of the group work and interventions according to stages of bereavement, (b) psychoeducation, awareness rising, and recognizing the signs of posttraumatic symptoms, (c) attachment theory-based elements in parents' and siblings' grief and group work, and (d) encouraging cohesion and strength of families' natural networks and support systems. Conclusion Professionally led peer support group process is a trauma-theory-based intervention, which reaches a large number of the bereaved with similar loss. Via group work, psychoeducation, and shared rituals, the bereaved have an opportunity to share and express emotions and experiences, as well as increase their skills in psychological recovery after a violent death of a family member.
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Oudshoorn, Abe, Cheryl Forchuk, Jodi Hall, Tracy Smith-Carrier, and Amy Van Berkum. "An evaluation of a Housing First program for chronically homeless women." Journal of Social Inclusion 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36251/josi136.
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Housing First is rapidly developing as a promising practice for ending homelessness. However, concerns have been raised regarding application for particular populations, such as women. Using a critical feminist lens, this evaluation assessed a Housing First program delivered in a mid-sized city in Ontario, Canada. The evaluation included interviews with program participants, program providers, and community key informants. Ultimately, the program proved successful in housing a small group of chronically homeless women, demonstrating that Housing First works with women, and works best when designed with the unique needs of women taken into consideration. The program achieved moderate fidelity to the Housing First model, and a number of recommendations are provided to better meet the unique needs of women. In particular, the issue of unresolved grief and loss in the context of child apprehension was identified as a root cause of ongoing trauma. Consideration is also given to the intersection between mental health services and Housing First programs.
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Berrett-Abebe, Julie, Elyse Levin-Russman, Marie Elena Gioiella, and Jeffrey M. Adams. "Parental experiences with a hospital-based bereavement program following the loss of a child to cancer." Palliative and Supportive Care 15, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951516000821.
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AbstractObjective:The death of a child from cancer is an intense and life-changing loss for a parent. Guided by the principles of patient- and family-centered care, hospital-based caregivers developed a program to provide bereavement support for parents through phone calls and mailings. The aim of the present qualitative phenomenological study was to understand how parents experienced participating in this bereavement program.Method:A total of eight parents from six families participated in a focus-group evaluation of the two-year hospital-based bereavement program. Two social work clinicians/researchers independently analyzed the transcript of the focus group to define themes.Results:Four themes were identified: (1) lived experience of grief, (2) importance of relationships with the hospital-based team, (3) bereavement support from hospital-based providers, and (4) extending bereavement care.Significance of Results:Participants indicated the value of ongoing communication and connection with members of the healthcare team, who were often central to a family's life for years during their child's cancer treatment. Parents also provided suggestions for extending bereavement support through continued contact with providers and informal annual gatherings, as well as through a peer (parent-to-parent) support program.
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Corral Trujillo, M. E., R. A. Cerda González, H. G. Martínez Sandoval, A. Carrazco Chapa, K. M. López Serna, J. C. Riega-Torres, L. Pérez Barbosa, C. M. Skinner Taylor, and D. Á. Galarza-Delgado. "AB1839-HPR PERINATAL GRIEF IN WOMEN WITH AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 2150.2–2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4639.
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BackgroundPerinatal loss (PL), defined as a loss from any gestational age or in the neonatal period [1] lead women to the process of grieving. Perinatal Grief (PG) involves suffering and reaction such as sadness, disbelief and anger [2].PL and PG symptoms affect many women around the world; women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) have greater risk of PL. The Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) can help health providers prevent complicated grief in their patients [3].ObjectivesDetermine which PL and sociodemographic variables are associated factors to a complicated grief in women with ARDs.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study at the Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González” in México. We included women from the Pregnancy and Rheumatic Diseases Clinic (CEER) that answer a virtual survey with the PGS. The demographic, ARD and PL data were obtained from the clinical records. For the control group, women without ARD were invited to fill a virtual survey with the PGS, sociodemographic and PL data.The PGS is a Likert-type scale that consists of 27 items with four response options. The questions are distributed in four subscales: active grief (10 items), guilt (8 items), depression (6 items), acceptance (3 items). Scores greater than 50 points suggests a complicated grief comorbidity.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality; to analyze the differences between groups, Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square tests and T-test were employed. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analysis was performed with the statistical program SPSS version 25.ResultsA total of 50 women were included: 25 with ARD and 25 without ARD. The median age for the group with ARD was 42 (38.5-51) and 34 (26-42.5) for the without ARD group. In the ARD group the most frequent diagnosis were systemic lupus erythematosus (7/14%), rheumatoid arthritis (6/12%) and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (4/8%).For the PGS, twenty (40%) of the 50 women got a score >50; 11 (55%) were women without ARD and 9(45%) have ARD. The PL, suffered by these 20 women were 18 during the pregnancy (17/85% on the first trimester and 1/5% on the second trimester) and 2 (10%) after birth. No statistically differences were found in the total score and subscales of the PGS between groups. The sociodemographic and PL data and the PGS score for both groups are included intable 1.ConclusionEven though there were no significant differences between groups; we hypothesize that the greater number of PL in women with ARD serves as a protective factor and prevents that the PG evolve to a complicated grief. On the other hand, having the PL during the first trimester of the pregnancy can be a risk factor for complicated grief. Our limitation was the sample size for both groups.References[1] Côté-Arsenault D and Denney-Loelsch E (2016) “Have no regrets”: Parents’ experiences and developmental task in pregnancy with lethal fetal diagnosis. Social Sciences and Medicine 154, 100–109.[2] Bonanno GA and Kaltman S (2001) The varieties of grief experience. Clinical Psychology Review 21, 705–734.[3] Mota González C, Calleja Bello N, Aldana Calva E, Gómez López ME, Sánchez Pichardo MA. Escala de duelo perinatal: validación en mujeres mexicanas con pérdida gestacional. Revista latinoamericana de psicología. 2011 Sep;43(3):419-28.Table 1.Clinical characterizationPatients with ARD N=25Patients without ARD N=25P=0.05Years of education0.114>9 years21 (84%)15 (60%)<9 years4 (16%)10 (40%)Marital Status0.225Single2 (8%)2 (8%)Married/Common law20 (80%)15 (60%)Divorced3 (12%)8 (32%)Perinatal Losses0.387113 (52%)17 (68%)>112 (48%)3 (32%)Number of pregnancies, median (IQR)4 (2.5-5)3 (2-3.5)0.38Number of living children, median (IQR)2 (1-3)1 (0.5-2)0.123PGS score, median (IQR)43(37.5-60.0)46 (39.5-62.5)0.587PGS active grief subscale13 (10-18)14 (12-18.5)0.355PGS depression subscale12 (10-19)12 (10-22)0.782PGS guilt subscale12 (9-18.5)12 (8-17)0.815PGS acceptance subscale6 (6-8)7 (6-8)0.347Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Lewin, Linda C., and Kathleen J. Farkas. "Living with the loss of a child: Mothers in the criminal justice system." Palliative and Supportive Care 10, no. 4 (May 22, 2012): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895151100099x.
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AbstractObjective:Bereaved mothers have expressed the need to maintain a bond with their children who have died, to retain control over the funeral rituals, and to express their loss to others who are empathetic. This study describes grief over the loss of a child in women who have been or are currently incarcerated, and the influence of the women's family members.Method:This descriptive qualitative study consisted of open-ended interview questions to encourage the women to describe their experience in their own words. A purposive sample (N = 10) was recruited from a prison re-entry program and a county jail.Results:All of the participants described maladaptive responses such as the use of alcohol and drugs, restricted family support, and dysfunctional coping. None of the participants had received focused bereavement services.Significance of Results:The descriptive perspective from the participants can inform clinicians who work with women who have a history of involvement with the criminal justice system, and recommends that they should inquire about the women's children and experiences with loss. Community re-entry and jail/prison counselors should provide access to confidential and group-based therapeutic support, including Compassionate Friends.
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Frimoth, Margaret R. "Partnership Commitment During a Global Pandemic." Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v8i1.3737.
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Riane Eisler challenges us to identify and embrace partnership relationships in every aspect of our lives — personal, social, cultural, environmental, and economic. Her trove of written work and public appearances shape a vision of our greater selves working together to achieve more than the sum of our separate lives. Now, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reality of overwhelming separation, grief, loss, and social distancing begs the question: Is it truly possible to achieve partnership values? Sometimes, we need to step away from news reports and social media to seek comfort in the stories that make positive differences in our lives. In this article, the author shares a story, more than three decades in the making, of a small group of committed volunteers who tackle a most difficult and disturbing form of oppression — child sexual abuse. An annual camp program, first requested by child survivors themselves, is deeply linked to partnership system ideologies. The Victory Over Child Abuse (VOCA) Camp story actualizes partnership values by firmly wrapping them around a tenacious vision of intentionally safe community. When communities commit to partnership systems, healing and non-violence become the norm, social transformation is possible, and children are safe.
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Prehn, Jacob, and Douglas Ezzy. "Decolonising the health and well-being of Aboriginal men in Australia." Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319856618.
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Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander men have the worst health of any group in Australia. Despite this, relevant policies do not specifically explain how the issue will be improved. Existing research demonstrates the complexity of the problems facing Australian Indigenous men. The intersection of masculinity and Indigeneity, compounded by colonisation, historical policies, stigma, marginalisation, trauma, grief and loss of identity are key factors that shape these poor health outcomes. These outcomes are acknowledged in federal and some state government policies but not implemented. The article argues for a holistic and decolonised approach to Australian Aboriginal men’s health. Effective models of intervention to improve men’s health outcomes include men’s health clinics, men’s groups, Men’s Sheds, men’s health camps/bush adventure therapy, fathering groups and mentoring programs. Further research needs to be undertaken, with a greater emphasis on preventative health measures, adequate specific funding, culturally and gender appropriate responses to health, and government policy development and implementation covering Aboriginal male health.
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Ridley, Ashley, and Sandra Frache. "Bereavement care interventions for children under the age of 18 following the death of a sibling: a systematic review." Palliative Medicine 34, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 1340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216320947951.
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Background: Childhood bereavement after sibling death is common, but often unrecognized. The psychosomatic and socioeconomic outcomes of bereaved children can be compromised if appropriate care is unavailable during the formative years leading into adulthood. Aim: This review aims to describe the methods, structures and procedures of bereavement care for children and adolescents after the loss of a sibling, and the impact on the families benefiting from these interventions. Design: A systematic review without restriction on study design was conducted. Data sources: Four databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) were searched for articles published from 2000 to 2019. The search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the protocol is registered on PROSPERO under number CRD42019124675. Articles were assessed against eligibility criteria by both authors, and quality was appraised using CASP checklists and NHMRC grading guidelines. Results: Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Bereavement care was most often accessed by children ages 6–18 who lost a sibling to cancer 6–12 months prior. The interventions were typically group sessions or weekend camps, run predominantly by unpaid staff from a variety of backgrounds. Some staff members received priori specific training. Grief education is taught through mediated discussion and bereavement-centered activities balanced with playful and relaxed activities. Several services have effectuated evaluations of their interventions, and preliminary results show a positive effect for families. Conclusion: Existing literature most likely gives an incomplete picture of appropriate childhood bereavement care, and many interventions possibly remain unpublished or published in other non-scientific sources. An effective response to childhood grief would involve collaboration between medical resources and community services, reinforced through the development of outreach and training programs.
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Murphy, Barbara M., Michelle C. Rogerson, Stephanie Hesselson, Siiri E. Iismaa, Robert M. Graham, and Alun C. Jackson. "Psychosocial impacts of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): e0273978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273978.
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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognised cause of acute myocardial infarction, particularly in younger women without classic cardiac risk factors. While recent quantitative studies have noted high anxiety and depression in SCAD survivors, the full range and extent of psychosocial impacts of SCAD is unknown. The present study used a qualitative approach to investigate the psychosocial impacts of SCAD in Australian SCAD survivors. Focus group participants were recruited as part of a larger study of SCAD survivors currently being undertaken by the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute. Thirty SCAD survivors participated in one of seven online focus groups, conducted using a semi-structured format. Focus group duration was 1.5 hours. Each was digitally recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed thematically according to recommended guidelines. One over-arching theme, five main themes and 26 sub-themes were identified. The over-arching theme related to lack of information, while the five main themes related to emotional impacts, issues with self-management, issues with family, impacts on work life, and the need for psychosocial support. The ‘emotional impacts’ theme comprised 11 sub-themes, namely shock and disbelief, confusion and uncertainty, unfairness, fear and anxiety, loss and grief, isolation and loneliness, guilt, invalidation and embarrassment, depression, vulnerability, and frustration. Findings are discussed in light of relevant psychological theories. This qualitative study extends previous quantitative investigations of SCAD survivors by providing an in-depth understanding of the complex, inter-related and highly distressing impacts of SCAD. The findings point to the urgent need for a coherent approach to information provision, the development and delivery of SCAD-specific cardiac rehabilitation programs, and the provision of psychosocial support programs for SCAD survivors.
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Stoycos, Sarah A., Ashley J. Sammons, Lesia S. Cartelli, and Leigh Ann Price. "766 Clinical Outcome Assessment of a Psychosocial Intensive Retreat for Girls with Severe Burns." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.345.
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Abstract Introduction Burn camps and peer support groups are widely utilized for the psychosocial care of pediatric burn survivors, providing community and recreation. However, camps and support groups often do not involve psychological therapy to assist with potential distress. This abstract presents program development outcome assessments for an alternative approach to psychosocial care: a psychosocial intensive retreat for adolescent survivors of pediatric burns, led by trained mental health professionals, with group therapy interspersed with recreation. Methods A 6-day, residential psychosocial intensive was open to adolescent girls with disfiguring burns. Psychological assessments were administered for clinical utility at the start (T0) and end (T1) of the program and were used to guide programming. Assessments included: Posttraumatic Stress Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL), Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) measuring psychological inflexibility. Bivariate correlations and univariate t-tests were used to assess program outcomes. Results Fifteen girls (Mage = 16, SD = 2.04; Mageofburn = 6.64, SD = 5.40) attended. At T0, girls reported subclinical scores (PCL (M = 23.53, SD = 20.20, range 1–65); SWAP (M = 44.93, SD = 11.88); RSES (M = 27.28, SD = 5.76); AAQ (M = 20.71, SD = 9.64) with a subset of 5 reporting clinical distress on PCL. Therapeutic programming was adjusted to primarily focus on typically developing adolescent issues such as communication, boundaries, identity formation, and healthy relationships, with some burns-specific groups (grief and loss, social exposures). Those with clinically significant distress participated in trauma and affect regulation training. AAQ at T0 was negatively associated with RSES (r = -.78, p = .003) and positively associated with PCL scores (r = .82, p < .001). RSES was negatively associated with PCL (r = -.87, p < .001). SWAP was not associated with any measures. From T0 (M = 26.70, SD = 6.07) to T1 (M = 30.18, SD = 5.74) girls reported a significant increase in RSES, t(10) = -3.15, p = .01. As expected given low symptoms reported at T0, no other pre to post changes occurred. TBSA, time since burn and age were not associated with outcome variables. Conclusions Overall, girls suffered burn injury before the age of 7 and current symptom profiles replicated prior literature supporting subthreshold, long-term psychological morbidity for pediatric burns. A brief, 6 day psychosocial intensive may facilitate growth in self-esteem. Use of clinical assessments to inform programming is emphasized. Applicability of Research to Practice Psychosocial intensives that intersperse empirically-supported, assessment-driven therapeutic programming with social connection may be useful in increasing adolescent self-esteem for girls with a history of disfiguring burns.
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Esplen, Mary Jane, Jiahui Wong, Mary L. S. Vachon, and Yvonne Leung. "A Continuing Educational Program Supporting Health Professionals to Manage Grief and Loss." Current Oncology 29, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 1461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29030123.
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Health professionals working in oncology face the challenge of a stressful work environment along with impacts of providing care to those suffering from a life-threatening illness and encountering high levels of patient loss. Longitudinal exposure to loss and suffering can lead to grief, which over time can lead to the development of compassion fatigue (CF). Prevalence rates of CF are significant, yet health professionals have little knowledge on the topic. A six-week continuing education program aimed to provide information on CF and support in managing grief and loss and consisted of virtual sessions, case-based learning, and an online community of practice. Content included personal, health system, and team-related risk factors; protective variables associated with CF; grief models; and strategies to help manage grief and loss and to mitigate against CF. Participants also developed personal plans. Pre- and post-course evaluations assessed confidence, knowledge, and overall satisfaction. A total of 189 health professionals completed the program (90% nurses). Reported patient loss was high (58.8% > 10 deaths annually; 12.2% > 50). Improvements in confidence and knowledge across several domains (p < 0.05) related to managing grief and loss were observed, including use of grief assessment tools, risk factors for CF, and strategies to mitigate against CF. Satisfaction level post-program was high. An educational program aiming to improve knowledge of CF and management of grief and loss demonstrated benefit.
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Wintermeyer-Pingel, Susan A., Donna Murphy, and Karen J. Hammelef. "Improving a Grief and Loss Program: Caring for Patients, Families, and Staff." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 67, no. 1-2 (August 2013): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.67.1-2.z3.
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The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMCCC) Grief and Loss Program provides supportive care services during bereavement which is considered part of the care continuum. This program received 50 death notifications per month upon project initiation and currently receives approximately 125 per month. Initial program evaluation was conducted via a pilot survey of bereaved parents as well as verbal and written evaluations from the transdisciplinary staff of Patient and Family Support Services. Grief support prior to evaluation included mailings, phone calls as indicated, poorly attended bereavement support groups, and limited staff support. Based on program evaluation, grief support continues through the use of mail/e-mail and phone calls to those at risk for complicated grief. Three to four gatherings per year are offered rather than monthly support groups, and connections to community resources are provided. The Comfort And Resources at End of Life (C-A-R-E) program was implemented to support and educate staff. Next steps include further program evaluation and potential research to examine best practices for the bereaved.
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Beechem, Michael H., Jone Prewitt, and Joe Scholar. "Loss-Grief Addiction Model." Journal of Drug Education 26, no. 2 (June 1996): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0gxh-9q2y-9nug-uq24.
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This group study features a loss-grief inventory in the treatment of ninety-eight substance abusers in a public outpatient treatment facility. The inventory serves as both assessment and treatment tools. That is, the inventory helps the counselor and the client to identify unresolved loss-grief issues which may contribute to the addiction; it also serves as a treatment tool to assist the client through the grieving process. In identifying losses, the client has three time categories from which to choose: 1) pre-addiction losses; 2) losses associated with the addiction; and 3) losses associated with entering treatment. An additional feature of the inventory illustrates a simplified procedure to compute the client's unresolved loss-grief level through use of a 5-point Likert scale.
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Maccallum, Fiona, and Richard A. Bryant. "Symptoms of prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress following loss: A latent class analysis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418768429.
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Objective: Individuals vary in how they respond to bereavement. Those who experience poor bereavement outcomes often report symptoms from more than one diagnostic category. This study sought to identify groups of individuals who share similar patterns of prolonged grief disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms to determine whether these profiles are differentially related to negative appraisals thought to contribute to prolonged grief disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Methods: Participants were 185 bereaved adults. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of individuals who showed similar patterns of co-occurrence of prolonged grief disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Multinomial regression was used to examine the extent to which appraisal domains and sociodemographic and loss factors predicted class membership. Results: Latent class analysis revealed three classes of participants: a low symptom group, a high prolonged grief disorder symptom group, and a high prolonged grief disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom group. Membership of the prolonged grief disorder group and prolonged grief disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder group was predicted by higher mean negative self-related appraisals. Demographic and loss-related factors did not predict group membership. Conclusion: These findings have implications for understanding co-occurrence of prolonged grief disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following bereavement. Findings are consistent with theoretical models highlighting the importance of negative self-related beliefs in prolonged grief disorder.
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Neimeyer, Robert A. "Reconstructing meaning in bereavement: summary of a research program." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 28, no. 4 (December 2011): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2011000400002.
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Bereavement, in the form of the loss of a significant attachment figure, disrupts the self-narratives of survivors and typically pitches them into an unsought quest for meaning in the loss, as well as in their changed lives. A growing body of research on diverse groups - bereaved parents, young people, elderly - suffering loss through both natural and violent death, documents the link between the inability to find meaning in the experience and the intensity of complicated grief they suffer. This article reviews the literature, arguing that the processes of sense-making and benefit-finding play a crucial role in bereavement adaptation for many of the bereaved, and accordingly, that interventions that facilitate processes of meaning reconstruction can support effective psychotherapy for those struggling with intense and prolonged grief.
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Toth, Paul L. "A short-term grief and loss therapy group: Group members' experiences." Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss 2, no. 1 (January 1997): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10811449708414407.
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Supiano, Katherine, Troy Andersen, Marilyn Luptak, Cynthia Beynon, Eli Iacob, and Hui Li. "Pre-Loss Group Therapy for Family Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: Translation Into Practice." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.139.
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Abstract We developed Pre-Loss Group Therapy (PLGT) for dementia caregivers at risk for Complicated Grief (CG). PLGT is a manualized ten-session multi-modal group therapy that includes elements of cognitive behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, exposure therapy, memory revisiting, meaning-making, and self-care. We implemented and evaluated three PLGT cohorts in three long-term care facilities with family caregivers at-risk for CG whose care recipient had a life expectancy of 6 months or less and resided in a long-term care facility (NT = 24). Evaluation of participant preparedness for the death of the persons with dementia (PWD), self-care and grief outcomes showed significant improvement across multiple domains between pre and post-group, notably a statistically significant decrease in grief as measured by the Inventory of Complicated Grief score from baseline (M = 25.67, SE=1.80) to post-group (M = 14.41, SE=1.65) t(21)= 6.280, p<0.001. Clinician-rated grief severity declined (N=22, β = –0.472, SE = 0.018, p < 0.001) per week and grief improvement increased (N=22, β = 0.259, SE = 0.023, p < 0.001) per week, as assessed on the Clinician Global Impressions Scale. We subsequently trained two LCSWs to conduct PLGT, and both clinical outcomes and treatment fidelity and skills measures achieved performance levels of master clinician-trainers. Family caregivers at risk for CG may benefit from group therapy targeting preparedness and pre-loss grief experience, as we provide with PLGT. Manualized PLGT is suitable for implementation by LCSWs in the settings of hospice and long-term care.
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Thacker, Nancy E., and Melinda M. Gibbons. "Complicated Grief in Rural Appalachia: Using Feminist Theory to Reconcile Grief." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 41, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.41.4.02.
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Rural Appalachians make up a unique cultural group that shares common values of egalitarianism, familism, religiosity, and neighborliness. These values impact cultural norms and expectations for grieving after experiencing loss. Complicated grief, an enduring and impairing grief response to the loss of a loved one, can develop when individuals are unable to reconcile grief within cultural expectations and norms of grieving. Thus, rural Appalachians are at risk for developing complicated grief when their experiences conflict with common cultural values. A systemically focused theoretical framework, such as feminist therapy, can offer a culturally appropriate approach to address the etiology and manifestation of complicated grief with this group. The authors review complicated grief and rural Appalachian culture, provide a brief description of feminist therapy, and demonstrate the use of feminist therapy with rural Appalachians through a case illustration.
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Keefe-Cooperman, Kathleen. "A Comparison of Grief as Related to Miscarriage and Termination for Fetal Abnormality." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 50, no. 4 (June 2005): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qfdw-lgey-cylm-n4lw.
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This study proposed that maternal bereavement in women who experienced miscarriage and women who terminated for fetal abnormality would differ related to the existence of a grief reaction, and to identify the factors that differentiated the two groups. There were no significant grief differences between the miscarriage group and termination group. The groups were then combined to analyze within group factors. Six fixed variables were found to be related to vulnerability for a grief reaction. Factors included: time since the most recent loss; intervention of counseling; employment outside the home; feeling responsible for the perinatal loss; age of the mother as related to guilt; and gestational length of pregnancy.
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Johnsen, Iren, Atle Dyregrov, and Kari Dyregrov. "Participants with Prolonged Grief—How Do They Benefit from Grief Group Participation?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 65, no. 2 (October 2012): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.65.2.a.
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Data analyzed in this article is part of a study conducted to explore grief support groups in Norway. Participants that fulfilled the criteria of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) were compared with participants that did not in order to explore whether they differed on satisfaction and experiences with participation. To allow for comparison, a subsample of 22 participants that fulfilled the criteria of PGD were drawn from the total of 262 participants. Demographic and loss-related variables were analyzed to explore factors associated with PGD. Fulfillment of PGD was then analyzed to explore the group's effect on life quality and overall satisfaction. The main finding is that participants who fulfill the criteria of prolonged grief are in general less satisfied with the groups and report less positive effect on life quality. We also found age- and gender-differences regarding fulfillment of PGD, with older bereaved women especially at risk of developing symptoms of PGD.
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Young, Elizabeth. "Figures of Grief: Metaphors from a Bereavement Writing Group." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 56, no. 4 (June 2008): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.56.4.d.
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In a community-based bereavement writing group, patterns of metaphor emerged and helped the group members identify and deal with particularly challenging aspects of death and grief, including taboo subjects such as abuse and suicide. The metaphors show how a bereavement writing group functioned to address the needs of people coping with different kinds of grief effectively and efficiently. Analysis of the specific metaphors suggests why figurative language enabled the group to bond quickly and strongly, delve into the complex emotions death elicits, and integrate experiences of loss and grief safely and productively. The patterns of metaphors the group produced in their writing about death and grief are discussed in terms of bereavement processes, and the topics the group used to elicit the figures of speech are presented for further refinement and use.
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Robinson, Evelyn. "Post-Adoption Grief Counselling." Adoption & Fostering 26, no. 2 (July 2002): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590202600208.
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Evelyn Robinson addresses the grief experienced by mothers who have lost children through adoption and suggests that their grief is disenfranchised. She explores the reasons for this and outlines methods for assisting mothers to integrate their experience of adoption loss into their lives, as practised in a self-help group, supported by government funding, which currently operates in South Australia. The article is based on the author's personal experience, both as a mother who lost a child through adoption and as a counsellor/co-ordinator with the group under discussion.
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Ruddle, Jean Anne, B. Rudi Coetzer, and Frances L. Vaughan. "Grief after Brain Injury: A Validation of the Brain Injury Grief Inventory (BIGI)." Illness, Crisis & Loss 13, no. 3 (July 2005): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730501300304.
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The objective of this article is to determine whether a new questionnaire (the BIGI) is a valid and reliable measure of grief in a brain injured population. Design: Within group, questionnaire based prospective study of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The BIGI was compared with other questionnaires to determine the construct validity and repeated to assess test re-test reliability. Results: The loss scale of the BIGI had a higher internal consistency than the adjustment scale. Test re-test reliability for both variables was good. Younger individuals appeared to be more likely to show a positive adjustment to a TBI than older individuals. Women reported higher scores for loss than men. On the adjustment scale, married individuals achieved lower scores than single persons. Conclusions: The BIGI scales of loss and adjustment were associated with a number of the other measures. The loss scale had a higher internal consistency than the adjustment scale. The clinical utility of the scale is discussed and further research suggested.
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Isaac, J., A. Gouveia, M. Suarez-Gomez, A. Rodrigues, R. Sousa, H. Canhão, L. Ferreira, et al. "471 - Online program to cope to prolonged grief: an end-user centered approach." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220003233.
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Background: Loss of a spouse is a frequent occurrence in later life, with about 10% of the individuals finding themselves unable to cope and progressing to prolonged grief, risking further mental and physical problems.Objective: The development and implementation of an online grief program, such as LEAVES (optimizing the menta L hEalth and resilience of older Adults that haVe lost th Eir spou Se via blended, online therapy), intends to improve prevention and treatment of prolonged grief, so that elderly mourners can continue to lead an active, meaningful and dignified life.Methods: The LEAVES program, a project under AAL (Active and Assisted Living) 2019 Call for Sustainable Smart Solutions for Ageing Well, is in development by an international consortium and integrates academical, clinical and technical experts. The project will take place between February 2020 and January 2023 and involve real-life evaluation of 315 end-users. The Psychiatric Department at the Health Unit of Baixo Alentejo (ULSBA) will offer the service to its primary users, blending online services with telephone, video calls and face-to-face sessions. Widowed older adults >65 that express the need for help in mourning their spouse will be recruited in the community as well as via the geriatric psychiatry team and primary care.Results: With LEAVES program we aim for older adults to process the loss of a spouse in a blended online/presential environment, detecting olders at risk for complications, reveal negative trends in their emotional life, and act to counter such trends. The evaluation will focus on wellbeing and involve several measures to assess grief symptoms, loneliness, hopelessness, satisfaction and quality of life. Conclusions: ULSBA will use LEAVES to improve clinical practice on preventing and managing prolonged grief as well as, after testing and validating it in this project, to save economical costs and improve effectiveness, both to hospital and patients.
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Morgan, Nancy, and John McEvoy. "Exploring the Bereavement Experiences of Older Women with Intellectual Disabilities in Long-Term Residential Care: A Staff Perspective." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 2 (October 2014): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.69.2.b.
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This study explores the impact of bereavement on a group of older women with intellectual disabilities who have lived in a congregated residential setting for most of their lives. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, staffs' experiences of supporting individuals with varying degrees of intellectual disabilities through grief are examined. Data analysis revealed five super-ordinate themes. The findings indicate that recognizing grief in this group is complex, and secondary loss frequent. Carers and relatives may over-protect and disenfranchise their grief which is often expressed through changes in behavior and there may be a time lag before these expressions of grief are noticed. Religious practice and rituals were found to be helpful in coping and adjusting to loss. Carers are important advocates for supporting service users who are grieving, thus information on how grief is processed in elderly individuals with intellectual disabilities has implications for training and educating staff in supporting vulnerable adults.
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Milic, Jelena, Taulant Muka, M. Arfan Ikram, Oscar H. Franco, and Henning Tiemeier. "Determinants and Predictors of Grief Severity and Persistence: The Rotterdam Study." Journal of Aging and Health 29, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 1288–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317720715.
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Objective: We aimed to explore correlates and predictors of bereavement severity and persistence (triggered by “loss of a loved one”; referent group partner loss) in the Rotterdam cohort. Method: We used linear regression to examine factors associated with grief severity using a cross-sectional analysis and logistic regression to determine prospective associations. Results: Cross-sectionaly, females, child-lost, higher depressive symptoms, lower education, and difficulties in daily activities were independently associated with a higher bereavement severity. Prospectively (6 years; response rate 71%), the baseline value of the grief severity was the single predictor significantly associated with grief persistence. Discussion: Our results suggest that only grief severity is independently associated with grief persistence. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Lin, Xiuyun, Xiaoyi Fang, Peilian Chi, Xiaoming Li, Wenrui Chen, and Melissa Allen Heath. "Grief-processing-based psychological intervention for children orphaned by AIDS in central China: A pilot study." School Psychology International 35, no. 6 (May 26, 2014): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034314535617.
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A group of 124 children orphaned by AIDS (COA), who resided in two orphanages funded by the Chinese government, participated in a study investigating the efficacy of a grief-processing-based psychological group intervention. This psychological intervention program was designed to specifically help COA process their grief and reduce their psychological distress. Six sessions of group intervention focused on processing grief, reducing traumatic symptoms and psychological distress, and fostering hope about the future. At the three-month post-test, children in both groups (intervention group and control group) reported significant reduction in trauma symptoms and demonstrated similar levels of hope. However, the intervention group reported significantly increased levels of grief processing and decreased levels of trauma symptoms, depression, and threat appraisal. The intervention group also reported subjective improvements in mood, relationships, individual growth, self-confidence, and perceived social support. These outcomes supported the potential efficacy of grief-processing-based psychological intervention to reduce the psychological distress among COA.
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MacArthur, Michelle. "The Pedagogy of Grief: Lessons from Making Zoom Theatre During a Pandemic." Canadian Theatre Review 188 (October 1, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.188.012.
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While the closure of theatres across Canada and around the world when the pandemic hit in March 2020 caused widespread feelings of loss amongst theatre practitioners and educators, the institutional pressures to find ways to survive and move on prevented many from processing their grief. This article examines The Stream You Step In (TSYSI), a series of four original Zoom plays co-produced by Outside the March and the University of Windsor in 2020, through the intersecting perspectives of pedagogy and grief. TSYSI was a response to grief on different levels: graduating students’ grief for their mainstage roles, which they had been working towards since entering the program but which they lost when the pandemic forced the cancellation of their planned theatre season; theatremakers, educators, and audiences’ collective grief for the loss of live theatre and the community it creates; and the grief experienced by society at large for the loss of Black and Indigenous lives, magnified in summer 2020 by the global outrage in response to the death of George Floyd and many others. Through reflection on two TSYSI plays, Karen Hines’s The River of Forgetfulness and David Yee’s good white men, this article stresses the importance of making space for grief within pedagogy. It argues that a grief-led creative process can honour what was lost, create and strengthen community, and foster opportunities to make new meaning. As theatres and educational and training institutions continue to face uncertainty, this article’s provocations contribute to ongoing conversations around ethics, representation, and collaboration in Zoom theatre.
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Varga, Mary Alice, Tricia M. McClam, and Sofoh Hassane. "Grief Experiences Among Female American and Arab Undergraduate College Students." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 72, no. 2 (March 6, 2015): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815574834.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of grief among American and Arab female undergraduate students, the effects of their grief, and risk of prolonged grief disorder. A total of 471 female undergraduate students, 308 (65.4%) from the United Arab Emirates and 163 (34.6%) from the United States, completed a survey about their grief experiences. Students experiencing a significant loss also completed the Prolonged Grief Disorder Questionnaire. Findings revealed that overall approximately 38.4% ( n = 181) of all 471 students experienced the loss of a significant person in their lives within the past 24 months; a similar percentage was found in each sub group. Students reported various grief effects with American students experiencing more effects related to sleep, relationships, academics, physical well-being, religion/spirituality, and outlook on life than Arab students. Only a small number (10, 5.52%) of students met the criteria for prolonged grief disorder; however, most students were female Arab students. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Smith, Kirsten V., and Anke Ehlers. "Prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress disorder following the loss of a significant other: An investigation of cognitive and behavioural differences." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0248852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248852.
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Background Cognitive behavioural correlates to bereavement-related mental health problems such a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are of theoretical and clinical importance. Methods Individuals bereaved at least six months (N = 647) completed measures of loss-related cognitions and behaviours (i.e., loss-related memory characteristics, negative appraisals, coping strategies, grief resilience, and perceived social disconnection) and measures of PGD and PTSD symptoms. Individuals were assigned to one of four groups depending on probable clinical diagnoses (No-PGD/PTSD, PTSD, PGD, PGD+PTSD). Results Results indicated that higher loss-related memory characteristics and lower grief resilience increased the likelihood of a clinical problem. The PGD and PGD+PTSD groups reported significantly higher loss-related memory characteristics and appraisals compared to the PTSD group. Social disconnection increased the likelihood of comorbid PGD+PTSD in comparison to any other group. Conclusions Results indicate cognitive differences between loss-related cognitions, memory characteristics and coping strategies between PGD and PTSD, and points to distinct cognitive correlates to psychopathology following loss.
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Schwab, Reiko. "Bereaved Parents and Support Group Participation." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 32, no. 1 (February 1996): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ge71-45vv-b37f-7d5t.
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The study explored reasons why some bereaved parents participate in a self-help/support group while others do not. Data about forty-three support group participants and forty-two nonparticipants and their deceased children were obtained through questionnaires and telephone interviews. Over 76 percent of nonparticipants were found to have lost their child after a period of anticipatory grief while 80 percent of participants lost their child suddenly or without adequate forewarning. Having adequate support in their immediate environment was the reason stated by most for not joining a group. The majority of group participants mentioned that they needed a place to share grief with other bereaved parents even though their family and friends were supportive. It appears that bereaved parents are more likely to join a support group when they experience a particularly traumatic loss and do not find others who have suffered a similar loss in their usual social network.
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Servaty-Seib, Heather L., and M. Carole Pistole. "Adolescent Grief: Relationship Category and Emotional Closeness." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 54, no. 2 (March 2007): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m002-1541-jp28-4673.
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Bereaved adolescents ( N = 90) who had experienced relatively common death losses (e.g., grandparent, friend) completed the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief and the Emotional Closeness Scale and Continuum. Results indicated that present grief was significantly higher for friend than for grandparent death loss. A MANOVA revealed that those in the high closeness group reported significantly higher mean scores on past and present grief than those in the low closeness group. Finally, in a hierarchal multiple regression, after demographic variables were entered (e.g., age, present at death), emotional closeness added significant variance to the prediction of past and present grief. This research contributes to the understanding of grief intensity following adolescents' most common death losses and highlights the importance of counselors' intentionally and directly assessing bereaved adolescents' perceived emotional closeness to the deceased as part of grief-related counseling.
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DeGroot, Jocelyn M., and Alex P. Leith. "R.I.P. Kutner: Parasocial Grief Following the Death of a Television Character." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 77, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815600450.
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In 2009, Lawrence Kutner, a character on television’s House, M.D., unexpectedly committed suicide. A Facebook memorial group was created shortly thereafter in memory of the fictional character. A thematic analysis of fan postings on Kutner’s Facebook memorial page revealed evidence of people experiencing parasocial grief as they displayed emotional expressions of grief, reminisced, and advocated for Kutner. Through thematic analysis, we discovered that elements of parasocial relationships, particularly parasocial breakups, were apparent as the members posted evidence of their grief over the loss of a television character. Moreover, this parasocial grief is likely to be disenfranchised, as the death of a television character is typically not recognized by others as a legitimate loss. This study also highlighted the role of social media as an outlet for grief as well as revealed confusion between fiction and reality resulting from social media.
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Zelena, András. "A komplikált gyász felismerése az orvos szemszögéből." Orvosi Hetilap 158, no. 36 (September 2017): 1426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30840.
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Abstract: By reviewing two bereavement support group cases I wish to demonstrate the important role a doctor, also receptive of his patients’ non-verbal signals, has in the early recognition of complicated grief and halted grief process. Doctors are aware of individual traumas and destinies, and general practitioners are familiar with the details of their patients’ life and home circumstances, could be catalysts for the continuation of the halted grief process. They discover the real cause of trauma behind several psychosomatic symptoms. For professionals working with bereavement support groups and meeting a number of different manifestations of the experience of absence and loss in people facing complicated grief (by its former, stigmatizing term: pathological or distorted grief), synchronizing the work of such heterogeneous groups of people, who have diverse loss history and individual (grief) habitus, is a real professional challenge. In such a work process the activity of doctors and health care workers can be supportive and could facilitate progress. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(36): 1426–1431.
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Zinner, Ellen S., John D. Ball, Michael L. Stutts, and Peter Mikulka. "Modification and Factor Analysis of the Grief Experience Inventory in Non-Death Loss/Bereavement Situations." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 23, no. 2 (October 1991): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kt3n-9kh9-3h24-fh8r.
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The Grief Experience Inventory (GEI), developed by Sanders, Mauger, and Strong in 1985, is a broad multidimensional measure of grief applicable to both death and non-death loss/bereavement situations. Further modification of the non-death GEI form was undertaken and employed in assessing grief reactions of mothers of brain-injured adolescents and young adults across three years, post-injury. Factor analysis of these data was computed and compared to factors derived from the original GEI General Reference Group. There were strikingly similar factor structures between the modified non-death form and the original GEI, affirming the rationale and method of inventory construction, and supporting the validity and strength of the GEI as a measure of grief in varied loss situations. Recommendations for future application are offered.
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Young, Hannah. "Conceptualising bereavement in profound and multiple learning disabilities." Tizard Learning Disability Review 21, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-09-2015-0035.
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Purpose Bereavement and loss are key factors in poor emotional wellbeing among people with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD). However, little attention has been drawn to this group in the grief and disability literature. The purpose of this paper is to make sense of bereavement and loss in people with PMLD, with reference to theoretical contributions to the field and studies of grief reactions. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review revealed 34 relevant published works. These were analysed for relevant contributions. Findings Three main types of theoretical contributions have been made; traditional grief theories, cognitive approaches and attachment-based perspectives. Although a limited number of case studies exist, a range of grief reactions have been reported in people with PMLD. Traditional grief theories and cognitive approaches are somewhat limited in making sense of grief responses in this group, while attachment-based perspectives may prove useful in providing theoretical and therapeutic direction. Research limitations/implications Further research is required to more accurately describe the nature of relationships in people with PMLD. Practical implications Major contributions to the field point to the value of facilitating engagement with the grieving process, through communication around the loss and training for staff. In addition, attachment-based perspectives are offering routes for establishing therapeutic relationships that may help to resolve behavioural difficulties. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the perspectives within bereavement and disability, drawing together clear theoretical frameworks for future research and practice.
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Mead, Jessica. "Competing Developmental Demands Among Suicide-Bereaved Emerging Adults." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 81, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818764528.
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This qualitative group case study was ascertained to conceptualize theory on the topic of grief and emerging adulthood. A literature review proved no research to this specific experience. The aim of this study was to understand the suicide grief experience in this developmental stage. Based on the exploration of 150 suicide-bereaved emerging adults, participants in the Catholic Charities Young Adult Support Group expressed common themes related to the their unique grief experiences. Criterion sampling was used, as all these individuals voluntarily attended this group after losing a loved one to suicide. The methodology was observation and recording of oral data, and participants were asked to provide quarterly program evaluations. The analysis of data was recorded based on observed themes of statements made by participants. The conceptualized grief experiences that underpin this stage of development appear to work in opposition with grief tasks. This population would benefit from further research.
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Sabatini, Lou. "Evaluating a Treatment Program for Newly Widowed People." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 19, no. 3 (November 1989): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vkbe-vcf6-l0uk-63lb.
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This study evaluated the efficacy of a bereavement program for widowed people. The experimental and control groups each had twenty-five participants. The experimental participants were members who were partaking in a treatment group, while control participants were recruited from a waiting list for future groups. All participants were pre-and posttested on the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG). Results showed no significant differences between experimental and control groups on posttest scores. However, recovery from grief was significantly influenced by factors such as circumstances of death and time. Furthermore, males fared much better than females but there were not enough (six) to test for significance.
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Kroth, Jerry, Marylynne Garcia, Michelle Hallgren, Emilyann LeGrue, Maureen Ross, and Juliana Scalise. "Perinatal Loss, Trauma, and Dream Reports." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.877-882.
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This study investigated correlations among dream characteristics and measures of trauma and perinatal bereavement as reported by women who have experienced perinatal loss. 37 women who had experienced perinatal loss were randomly selected from a perinatal support group and administered the Impact of Event Scale, the Perinatal Grief Scale, and the KJP Dream Inventory. Scores on the Impact of Events Scale (IES) correlated with Emotional Pain (.41), Despair (.37), Dreams of Death (.31), Dreams of Water (–.29), and Dreams of Being Famous (–.36). Subjects who reported higher Social Support and Emotional Expressiveness throughout their trauma showed lower scores on IES Total scores (–.52), Despair (–.62), and reported dreaming more in color (.41). Results are discussed in terms of the hypothesized role dreams may play in the grief-recovery process.
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Stokes, Shelley, Lynn Planchon, Donald Templer, and Jacqueline Keller. "Death of a Companion Cat or Dog and Human Bereavement: Psychosocial Variables." Society & Animals 10, no. 1 (2002): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853002760030897.
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AbstractThis study found that death depression, general depression, and positive attitudes toward, and attachment to, companion animals were associated with greater grief following the death of cats and dogs both in a veterinary client group who had recently lost their companion animals and in a college student group with a history of companion animal loss. The correlations of both the above variables and the demographic and death circumstance variables tended to be higher with the veterinary clients. Death of a dog by accident as opposed to illness correlated .81 with extended grief in the veterinary clients. Not having their dogs euthanized correlated .70 with extended grief in this group as well.
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Stylianou, Polyxeni, and Michalinos Zembylas. "Dealing With the Concepts of “Grief” and “Grieving” in the Classroom: Children’s Perceptions, Emotions, and Behavior." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 77, no. 3 (January 11, 2016): 240–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815626717.
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This article presents an action research study that explores how a fifth-grade classroom of 10- to 11-year-old children in Cyprus perceive the concepts of grief and grieving, after an educational intervention provided space for discussing such issues. It also explores the impact that the intervention program had on children’s emotions while exploring these concepts and illustrates how it affected their behavior. The findings suggest that the intervention had a constructive impact on children’s understandings of grief and grieving along two important dimensions. First, the intervention helped children better define emotional responses to loss (grief). Second, children seemed to overcome their anxiety while talking about grief and grieving and were able to share relevant personal experiences. The study has important implications for curriculum development, pedagogical practice, and teacher training on death education.
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Walker, P., and M. Shaffer. "Reducing Depression among Adolescents Dealing with Grief and Loss: A Program Evaluation Report." Health & Social Work 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/32.1.67.
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Rose, Dudley C. "The Grief Recovery Handbook: A Step-by-Step Program for Moving beyond Loss." Caregiver Journal 7, no. 2 (April 1990): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1077842x.1990.10781576.
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Martínez-Medina, Consuelo Bernarda, and Alain R. Rodríguez-Orozco. "Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief." Salud mental 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.021.
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Background. It has been estimated that COVID-19 grief will affect approximately sixteen million people worldwide, while the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) could rise to 40%. Objective. To review treatments that can be administered to patients with PGD due to COVID-19. Method. PUBMED and Google Scholar were searched with the following keywords: prolonged grief disorder, complicated grief, grief and psychotherapy, and treatment of prolonged grief, complicated grief or persistent complex grief. Results. Fifty articles were reviewed on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy, rational emotional-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, humanistic therapy, systemic family therapy, group therapy, writing therapy, Internet-based intervention, and a modality of cognitive behavioral therapy used with prolonged grief, metacognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. Discussion and conclusion. There is no consensus on the psychotherapeutic treatment of choice for people with PGD due to the loss of a family member to COVID-19. Group therapy is effective in reducing the intensity of uncomplicated grief, cognitive-behavioral therapy is highly efficacious in reducing the severity of grief, metacognitive therapy specifically designed for PGD has a positive impact on depression, anxiety, stress, rumination, and quality of life while Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is helpful for restoring spirituality. Psychotherapy is most effective when combined with drug therapy. It is suggested that comparative studies be undertaken of psychotherapeutic techniques for managing patients with PGD associated with COVID-19 and the adaptation of these techniques to virtual settings.
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Frydenberg, Erica, Dennis Muller, and Clare Ivens. "The experience of loss: Coping and the Seasons for Growth Program." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 23, no. 1 (2006): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028868.
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AbstractSchool-based intervention programs to assist students process their grief over a death or loss have been implemented in schools, with few evaluations of such programs.This study set out to report on the evaluation of Seasons for Growth, which is an education program for young people who have experienced the loss of a parent or significant other through separation, divorce or death. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to determine the program’s effectiveness for helping students cope with loss. The evaluation involved a total of 186 students aged between 12 and 18 years from eight schools in Australia. Results indicated that the Seasons for Growth program assisted female students cope with loss, with a less pronounced effect on coping in male students. Factors that may have reduced the effectiveness of the program were identified.
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Färber, S., and M. Färber. "New method and new access to the grieving and clinical tool of the thanatology." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1182.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionEducational advice for coping with loss and resolution of grief: VIVER®, proposes new method of research and action in the field of thanatology and grief psychology through systematic meetings, group in which the intervention takes place under the simultaneous care professionals of thanatology and psychology.ObjectiveTo present the principles that underlie the research typology and grief subject, its implications in the grieving process and the service to the mourning proposed by VIVER® assistance.MethodsThanatological hermeneutics and literature review were used to develop this work.ResultsThe educational assistance VIVER® offers a useful tool in the care of the mourning by the method, created by Färber and Färber, composed of two pillars: the presentation of educational content about loss and grief, and artistic, playful and expressive experiences.ConclusionThe work on operational groups listening and intervention assists the development of losses and reinterpretation of the history of the participants.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.