Journal articles: 'Grid Tied Multilevel Inverter'

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G, Nayana, and Dr Savita D. Torvi. "Multilevel Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic Applications - A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54669.

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Abstract: This paper presents a review of Multilevel inverter for solar Photovoltaic applications. Design and Implementation of Multilevel Inverters for electric vehicles has been studied. Grid tied PV system using modular multilevel inverter is analysed. Performance analysis of Nested multilevel inverter topology for 72V electric vehicle applications is studied. Multilevel inverter for PV system employing MPPT technique is studied. Power Electronics application in renewable application in renewable energy is studied.

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N., Sujitha, Partha Sarathi Subudhi, Krithiga S., Angalaeswari S., Deepa T., and Subbulekshmi D. "Grid tied PV System using modular multilevel inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2013-2020.

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A grid tied photovoltaic system using modular multilevel inverter topology is proposed in this paper. Basic unit structure of modular multilevel inverter used in this system is capable of converting DC power from PV array to AC power for feeding power to the household loads or utility grid. The proposed modular multilevel inverter structure has lesser power electronic devices compared to the existing multilevel inverter topologies. The proposed system generates a nearly sinusoidal signal and achieves better output profile with low total harmonic distortion. Simulation of the proposed system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software and the results are presented.

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Salem, Mohamed, Anna Richelli, Khalid Yahya, Muhammad Najwan Hamidi, Tze-Zhang Ang, and Ibrahim Alhamrouni. "A Comprehensive Review on Multilevel Inverters for Grid-Tied System Applications." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 6315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176315.

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Multi-level inverters (MLIs) have been widely used in recent years due to their various advantages in industrial and grid-connected applications. Traditional MLI topologies are being hampered by the rapid surge of renewable energy systems (RES) as a result of performance difficulties such as poor power reliability, an economically unviable structure, and a lack of efficiency. These difficulties are due to the traditional MLI topologies’ inability to keep up with the increasing demand for RES. Because of concerns about performance and limitations posed by classic MLI topologies, researchers have found themselves driven to the idea of building innovative hybrid MLI topologies. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of multilevel inverter systems that are wired into the main power supply. Grid-connected inverter types and their configurations are discussed in depth in this review. Diverse multi-level inverter topologies, as well as the different approaches, are divided into various categories and discussed in depth. Additionally, a number of control reference frames for inverters were brought forward for discussion. Furthermore, different inverter control strategies were investigated, followed by a tabular summary of recent developments in the inverter-related literature for the convenience of the readers. Moreover, the recently proposed grid-connected multi-level inverter systems were discussed including their findings and innovations. In conclusion, a brief description of the study’s scope was offered and research directions for future studies were provided.

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Fu, Xingang, Shuhui Li, Abdullah Hadi, and Rajab Challoo. "Novel Neural Control of Single-Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverters for Better Harmonics Reduction." Electronics 7, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7070111.

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A single-phase Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) grid-tied multilevel inverter is introduced with a detailed discussion of the proposed novel neural controller for better efficiency and power quality in the integration of renewable sources. An LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter is used in the multilevel inverter system to achieve better harmonic attenuation. The proposed Neural Network (NN) controller performs the inner current control and tracks the references generated from the outer loop to satisfy the requirements of voltage or power control. Two multicarrier-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques (phase-shifted modulation and level-shifted modulation) are adopted in the development of the simulation model to drive the multilevel inverter system for the evaluation of the neural control technique. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficient outcomes of the proposed neural network controller for grid-tied multilevel inverters. The advantages of the proposed neural control include a faster response speed and fewer oscillations compared with the conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller based vector control strategy. In particular, the neural network control technique provides better harmonics reduction ability.

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Ben Hamad, Khlid, Doudou N. Luta, and Atanda K. Raji. "A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030688.

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As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

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Baig, Muhammad Anas, Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif, Irfan Ahmad Khan, and Ghulam Abbas. "Quick Search Algorithm-Based Direct Model Predictive Control of Grid-Connected 289-Level Multilevel Inverter." Electronics 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12153312.

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Multilevel inverters, known for their low switching loss and suitability for medium- to high-power applications, often create a heavy computational overhead for the controller. This paper addresses the aforementioned limitation by presenting a novel approach to Direct Model Predictive Control (DMPC) for a grid-tied 289-level ladder multilevel inverter (LMLI). The primary objective is to achieve perfect inverter current control without enumeration. The proposed control method provides a single best solution without complete exploration of the search space. This generalized method can be applied to any multilevel inverter (MLI), enabling them to be used in the grid-tied mode without the computational burden due to a large number of switching states. The DMPC of LMLI with 289-level output and corresponding 289 control inputs, utilizes a discrete model to predict the future state of the state variable. In order to alleviate the enumeration burden, virtual sectors on a linear scale are introduced, and a general formula is provided to identify the single best state among the 289 states, reducing the time required to find the best optimal state per sampling period. Moreover, the proposed control scheme is independent of objective evaluation.

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GRABKO, Volodymyr. "Mathematical control system of grid-tied multilevel voltage inverter." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 3 (March 5, 2017): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2017.03.31.

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Shadab, Mirza Mohammad, Mohammad Arifuddin Mallick, Mohammad Tufail, and M. S. Jamil Asghar. "Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp826-834.

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The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper.

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Khoun Jahan, Hossein, Reyhaneh Eskandari, Tohid Rahimi, Rasoul Shalchi Alishah, Lei Ding, Kent Bertilsson, Mehran Sabahi, and Frede Blaabjerg. "A Limited Common-Mode Current Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Topology and Its Performance and Lifetime Evaluation in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Applications." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071915.

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In this paper, a switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with voltage boosting and common-mode-voltage reduction capabilities is put forth. The proposed inverter is synthesized with one-half bridge and several switched-capacitor cells. Due to the voltage boosting and common-mode current reduction features, the proposed multilevel inverter is suitable for grid-connected PV applications. In addition, an analytical lifetime evaluation based on mission profile of the proposed inverter has been presented to derive lifetime distribution of semiconductors. Whereas in the proposed inverter, any components failure can bring the whole system to a shutdown. The series reliability model is used to estimate the lifetime of the overall system. The performance of the suggested multilevel inverter in grid-connected applications is verified through the simulation results using the grid-tied model in Matlab/Simulink. Moreover, the viability and feasibility of the presented inverter are proven by using a one kW lab-scaled prototype.

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Madasamy, P., V. Suresh Kumar, P. Sanjeevikumar, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, Eklas Hosain, and C. Bharatiraja. "A Three-Phase Transformerless T-Type- NPC-MLI for Grid Connected PV Systems with Common-Mode Leakage Current Mitigation." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122434.

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DC to AC inverters are the well-known and improved in various kinds photovoltaic (PV) and gird tied systems. However, these inverters are require interfacing transformers to be synchronized with the grid-connected system. Therefore, the system is bulky and not economy. The transformerless inverter (TLI) topologies and its grid interface techniques are increasingly engrossed for the benefit of high efficiency, reliability, and low cost. The main concern in the TL inverters is common mode voltage (CMV), which causes the switching-frequency leakage current, grid interface concerns and exaggerates the EMI problems. The single-phase inverter two-level topologies are well developed with additional switches and components for eliminating the CMV. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) based grid connected transformerless inverter topology is being researched to avail additional benefits from MLI, even through that are trust topologies presented in the literature. With the above aim, this paper has proposed three -phase three-level T type NP-MLI (TNP-MLI) topology with transformerless PV grid connected proficiency. The CM leakage current should handle over mitigating CMV through removing unwanted switching events in the inverter pulse width modulation (PWM). This paper is proposes PV connected T type NP-MLI interface with three-phase grid connected system with the help of improved space vector modulation (SVM) technique to mitigate the CM leakage current to overcome the above said requests on the PV tied TL grid connected system. This proposed the SVM technique to mitigate the CM leakage current by selecting only mediums, and zero vectors with suitable current control method in order to maintain the inverter current and grid interface requirements. The proposed PV tied TNP-MLI offering higher efficiency, lower breakdown voltage on the devices, smaller THD of output voltage, good reliability, and long life span. The paper also investigated the CM leakage currents envisage and behavior for the three-phase MLI through the inverter switching function, which is not discussed before. The proposed SVM on TL-TNP-MLI offers the reliable PV grid interface with very low switching-frequency leakage current (200mA) for all the PV and inverter operation conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the TLI and its control strategy is confirmed through the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model directly as compared with 2kW roof top PV plant connected TL-TNP-MLI experimentation, showing good accordance with theoretical investigation. The simulation and experimental results are demonstrated and presented in the good stability of steady state and dynamics performances. The proposed inverter reduces the cost of grid interface transformer, harmonics filter, and CMV suppressions choke.

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Haq, Safa, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Kamal Hosain, Md Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam, and Sumaya Jahan. "A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020331.

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Due to global warming and shortage of fossil fuels, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has gained significant popularity all over the world. The modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter is the natural choice for step-up transformer and line filter less direct medium voltage grid integration of solar PV systems. However, power quality and loss are the important issues while connecting the PV system to the medium voltage grid through MMC inverter. Modulation technique is the key to maintain output power quality, e.g., total harmonic distortion (THD) and to ensure low switching and conduction losses. In this paper, an advanced modulation technique named “triangle saturated common mode pulse width modulation (TSCMPWM)” control is proposed for a 3-phase 5-level MMC inverter-based grid-tied PV system. Compared to traditional modulation techniques, the proposed TSCMPWM control offers the lowest voltage THD as well as lower inverter power losses. Performance of the proposed modulation technique is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested with a reduced scale prototype test platform. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation technique.

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Haq, Safa, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Kamal Hosain, Md Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam, and Sumaya Jahan. "A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020331.

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Due to global warming and shortage of fossil fuels, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has gained significant popularity all over the world. The modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter is the natural choice for step-up transformer and line filter less direct medium voltage grid integration of solar PV systems. However, power quality and loss are the important issues while connecting the PV system to the medium voltage grid through MMC inverter. Modulation technique is the key to maintain output power quality, e.g., total harmonic distortion (THD) and to ensure low switching and conduction losses. In this paper, an advanced modulation technique named “triangle saturated common mode pulse width modulation (TSCMPWM)” control is proposed for a 3-phase 5-level MMC inverter-based grid-tied PV system. Compared to traditional modulation techniques, the proposed TSCMPWM control offers the lowest voltage THD as well as lower inverter power losses. Performance of the proposed modulation technique is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested with a reduced scale prototype test platform. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation technique.

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Nouaiti, A., A. Mesbahi, A. Saad, M. Khafallah, and M. Reddak. "Realization of a Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 5 (October 13, 2018): 3344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2247.

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This paper introduces the implementation of a single-phase multilevel inverter for a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The considered topology contains a full bridge converter tied to an auxiliary circuit made of two power switches. A proportional integral (PI) current controller is established with this inverter to inject a sinusoidal current into the grid with a power factor near to unity. The studied system is tested on Matlab/Simulink and verified by experiment through a test bench comprising of a fabricated prototype and a DSP TMS320F28379D. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the inverter to maintain a direct power flow from DC sources, such as solar panels, to the grid by respecting some normalized criteria for this operation.

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Trabelsi, Mohamed, Lazhar Ben-Brahim, Adel Gastli, and Haitham Abu-Rub. "Enhanced Deadbeat Control Approach for Grid-Tied Multilevel Flying Capacitors Inverter." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 16720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3149289.

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Benamrane, Karima, Thameur Abdelkrim, Benlahbib Benlahbib, Noureddine Bouarroudj, Abdelhalim Borni, Abdelkader Lakhdari, and Ahmed Bahri. "New Optimized Control of Cascaded Multilevel Converters for Grid Tied Photovoltaic Power Generation." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540512.

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This paper proposes a new optimized control of photovoltaic two stages conversion cascade composed by Three Levels Boost (TLB) and Three Levels Neutral Point Clamped (TLNPC) inverter. In order to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic generator and get a balanced DC bus voltage, the duty cycles of the two TLB switches are determinate from a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the first switch and by adding to the first duty cycle an additional duty cycle obtained by integration of the error between the two capacitors voltages of DC bus. Balancing the bus voltages by the TLB using a single regulator avoid us to use a complex balancing algorithm by the redundant vectors of TLNPC inverter. For the control of the inverter, we used a Proportional Integral (PI) regulator optimized by PSO. This command allows us to have on one side a constant DC bus voltage and a current injection in phase with the grid voltage. To have an efficient follow-up of the TLNPC inverter reference voltages, the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is applied. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The results obtained from the application of the FLC command associated with PI PSO are better compared to the simulation without optimization in terms of sum of the absolute values of the errors at the inputs of the three PI regulators.

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M. Shukla, Darshni, Naimish Zaveri, and Tole Sutikno. "The performance of a multilevel multifunctional solar inverter under various control methods." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2023): 2717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i5.4097.

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Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are now supposed to provide additional supporting services with more reliability and efficiency. This paper presents three different control methods for generating reference current in a multifunctional, multilevel grid-tied PV inverter for harmonic, reactive, and unbalance compensation. These methods are the synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory (d-q), the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory (p-q), and the conservative power theory (CPT). As a result, the primary goal is to propose a low-cost multifunctional solar invert for distributed generation, with an appropriate prototype developed in the laboratory for experimental validation of various modes of operation. Demonstrated results show that the presented inverter is capable of providing various ancillary services with all three types of control.

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Jahan, Sumaya, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Kamal Hosain, Md Rabiul Islam, Safa Haq, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "An Advanced Control Technique for Power Quality Improvement of Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020505.

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The use of different control techniques has become very popular for controlling the performance of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Although the proportional-integral (PI) control technique is very popular, there are some difficulties such as less stability, slow dynamic response, low reference tracking capability, and lower output power quality in solar PV applications. In this paper, a robust, fast, and dynamic proportional-integral resonance controller with a harmonic and lead compensator (PIR + HC + LC) is proposed to control the current of a 15-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) multilevel inverter. The proposed controlled is basically a proportional-integral resonance (PIR) controller with the feedback of a harmonic compensator and a lead compensator. The performance of the proposed controller is analyzed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation result represents admirable performance in terms of stability, sudden load change response, fault handling capability, reference tracking capability, and total harmonic distortion (THD) than those of the existing controllers. The responses of the inverter and grid outlets under different conditions are also analyzed. The harmonic compensator decreases the lower order harmonics of grid voltage and current, and the lead compensator provides the phase lead. It is expected that the proposed controller is a dynamic aspirant in the grid-connected PV system.

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Jahan, Sumaya, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Kamal Hosain, Md Rabiul Islam, Safa Haq, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "An Advanced Control Technique for Power Quality Improvement of Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020505.

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The use of different control techniques has become very popular for controlling the performance of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Although the proportional-integral (PI) control technique is very popular, there are some difficulties such as less stability, slow dynamic response, low reference tracking capability, and lower output power quality in solar PV applications. In this paper, a robust, fast, and dynamic proportional-integral resonance controller with a harmonic and lead compensator (PIR + HC + LC) is proposed to control the current of a 15-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) multilevel inverter. The proposed controlled is basically a proportional-integral resonance (PIR) controller with the feedback of a harmonic compensator and a lead compensator. The performance of the proposed controller is analyzed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation result represents admirable performance in terms of stability, sudden load change response, fault handling capability, reference tracking capability, and total harmonic distortion (THD) than those of the existing controllers. The responses of the inverter and grid outlets under different conditions are also analyzed. The harmonic compensator decreases the lower order harmonics of grid voltage and current, and the lead compensator provides the phase lead. It is expected that the proposed controller is a dynamic aspirant in the grid-connected PV system.

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Oruganti, Hemakesavulu, Subranshu Dash, Chellammal Nallaperumal, and Sridhar Ramasamy. "A Proportional Resonant Controller for Suppressing Resonance in Grid Tied Multilevel Inverter." Energies 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11051024.

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Guisso, R. A., A. M. S. S. Andrade, H. L. Hey, and M. L. da S. Martins. "Grid‐tied single source quasi‐ Z ‐source cascaded multilevel inverter for PV applications." Electronics Letters 55, no. 6 (March 2019): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2018.8013.

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Jahan, Hossein Khoun, Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi, Mehdi Abapour, Kazem Zare, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Yongheng Yang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Common-Ground-Type Single-Source High Step-Up Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Transformerless PV Applications." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101716.

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The cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) is one type of common inverter in industrial applications. This type of inverter can be synthesized either as a symmetric configuration with several identical H-bridge (HB) cells or as an asymmetric configuration with non-identical HB cells. In photovoltaic (PV) applications with the CMI, the PV modules can be used to replace the isolated dc sources; however, this brings inter-module leakage currents. To tackle the issue, the single-source CMI is preferred. Furthermore, in a grid-tied PV system, the main constraint is the capacitive leakage current. This problem can be addressed by providing a common ground, which is shared by PV modules and the ac grid. This paper thus proposes a topology that fulfills the mentioned requirements and thus, CMI is a promising inverter with wide-ranging industrial uses, such as PV applications. The proposed CMI topology also features high boosting capability, fault current limiting, and a transformerless configuration. To demonstrate the capabilities of this CMI, simulations and experimental results are provided.

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Al-Samawi, Ali Abedaljabar, and Hafedh Trabelsi. "New Nine-Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter with a Minimum Number of Switches for PV Systems." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 5857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165857.

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To support the grid system with high power quality from photovoltaics (PVs) and reduce the partial shading condition (PSC) effect of the PV system, as well as the mismatch power issue, in this study, we present a simple single-phase, nine-level cascade inverter architecture for photovoltaic (PV) systems with a minimum number of power components and passive parts. This reduction in the number of switches decreases the switching losses and the number of driving circuits, which causes a reduction in the complexity of the control circuit and hence reduces the cost and size. The suggested inverter shows a lower output voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) and unity power factor. In addition, this inverter’s control and switching techniques are far simpler than those of recently published designs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed inverter, we performed a comparison of the cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) topology, which required recent cascade topologies with the same nine voltage levels. The comparison depends on parameters such as the number of components (diode and capacitors) and the number of active switches in the inverter, in addition to total harmonic distortion. MATLAB/Simulink models for a grid-tied solar system PV application driven by the proposed nine-level inverter were built for design and validation.

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Barrios, Manuel A., Víctor Cárdenas, Jose M. Sandoval, Josep M. Guerrero, and Juan C. Vasquez. "A Cascaded DC-AC-AC Grid-Tied Converter for PV Plants with AC-Link." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040409.

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Cascaded multilevel converters based on medium-frequency (MF) AC-links have been proposed as alternatives to the traditional low-voltage inverter, which uses a bulky low-frequency transformer step-up voltage to medium voltage (MV) levels. In this paper, a three-phase cascaded DC-AC-AC converter with AC-link for medium-voltage applications is proposed. Three stages integrate each DC-AC-AC converter (cell): a MF square voltage generator; a MF transformer with four windings; and an AC-AC converter. Then, k DC-AC-AC converters are cascaded to generate the multilevel topology. This converter’s topological structure avoids the per-phase imbalance; this simplifies the control and reduces the problem only to solve the per-cell unbalance. Two sets of simulations were performed to verify the converter’s operation (off-grid and grid-connected modes). Finally, the papers present two reduced preliminary laboratory prototypes, one validating the cascaded configuration and the other validating the three-phase configuration.

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Amamra, Sid-Ali, Kamal Meghriche, Abderrezzak Cherifi, and Bruno Francois. "Multilevel Inverter Topology for Renewable Energy Grid Integration." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 11 (November 2017): 8855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2645887.

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Mohamed-Seghir, Mostefa, Abdelbasset Krama, Shady S. Refaat, Mohamed Trabelsi, and Haitham Abu-Rub. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Weighting Factor Autotuning for Model Predictive Control of Grid-Tied Packed U-Cell Inverter." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123107.

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The tuning of weighting factor has been considered as the most challenging task in the implementation of multi-objective model predictive control (MPC) techniques. Thus, this paper proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-based weighting factor autotuning in the design of a finite control set MPC (FCS-MPC) applied to a grid-tied seven-level packed U-cell (PUC7) multilevel inverter (MLI). The studied topology is capable of producing a seven-level output voltage waveform and inject sinusoidal current to the grid with high power quality while using a reduced number of components. The proposed cost function optimization algorithm ensures auto-adjustment of the weighting factor to guarantee low injected grid current total harmonic distortion (THD) at different power ratings while balancing the capacitor voltage. The optimal weighting factor value is selected at each sampling time to guarantee a stable operation of the PUC inverter with high power quality. The weighting factor selection is performed using an artificial neural network (ANN) based on the measured injected grid current. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the high performance of the proposed strategy in handling multi-objective control problems.

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Khoun jahan, Hossein, Kazem Zare, and Mehdi Abapour. "Verification of a Low Component Nine-Level Cascaded-Transformer Multilevel Inverter in Grid-Tied Mode." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 6, no. 1 (March 2018): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2017.2772323.

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Alquennah, Alamera Nouran, Mohamed Trabelsi, Khaled Rayane, Hani Vahedi, and Haitham Abu-Rub. "Real-Time Implementation of an Optimized Model Predictive Control for a 9-Level CSC Inverter in Grid-Connected Mode." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 8119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158119.

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The Crossover Switches Cell (CSC) is a recent Single DC-Source Multilevel Inverter (SDCS-MLI) topology with boosting abilities. In grid-connected PV applications, the CSC should be controlled to inject a sinusoidal current to the grid with low THD% and unity power factor, while balancing the capacitor voltage around its reference. These two objectives can be met through the application of a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method. Thus, this paper proposes a design of an optimized FCS-MPC for a 9-level grid-tied CSC inverter. The switching actions are optimized using the redundant switching states. The design is verified through simulations and real-time implementation. The presented results show that the THD% of the grid current is 1.73%, and the capacitor voltage is maintained around its reference with less than 0.5 V mean error. To test the reliability of the control design, different scenarios were applied, including variations in the control reference values as well as the AC grid voltage. The presented results prove the good performance of the designed controller in tracking the reference values and minimizing the steady-state errors.

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28

Bertin, Thibault, Ghislain Despesse, and Remy Thomas. "Comparison between a Cascaded H-Bridge and a Conventional H-Bridge for a 5-kW Grid-Tied Solar Inverter." Electronics 12, no. 8 (April 19, 2023): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081929.

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This paper compares the cost and efficiency of two inverter topologies for a 5-kW grid-connected solar inverter application: the Conventional H-Bridge Inverter (CHB) and the Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI). Emphasis is put on power switches and passive elements with a detailed study of the losses. Both designs respect the same constraints (cost, efficiency, and junction temperature of the transistors) to ensure a fair comparison between both topologies. The work highlights the important parameters when choosing the components (MOSFETs, capacitors, and magnetic cores for the inductors). The DC-link voltage ripple and the output AC current ripple are the key parameters for the design of the passive elements (capacitors and inductors). On top of that, the transistors MOSFETs are chosen, in both topologies, to limit the conduction losses (by selecting the Rdson) and the switching losses (by selecting the Qrr and dv/dt). Real components are picked in order to make the comparison as complete as possible. Numerical simulations are performed using the MATLAB platform. All equations and parameters are provided. A CHBMLI prototype was built with eight independent H-Bridges to validate the proposed design with thermal and efficiency measurements.

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29

Mohapatra, Soumya Ranjan, and Vivek Agarwal. "Model Predictive Controller With Reduced Complexity for Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 11 (November 2019): 8851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2866115.

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Selvaraj, J., and N. A. Rahim. "Multilevel Inverter For Grid-Connected PV System Employing Digital PI Controller." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 1 (January 2009): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.928116.

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31

Kuder, Manuel, Anton Kersten, Jose-Luis Marques-Lopez, Julian Estaller, Johannes Buberger, Florian Schwitzgebel, Torbjörn Thiringer, et al. "Capacitor Voltage Balancing of a Grid-Tied, Cascaded Multilevel Converter with Binary Asymmetric Voltage Levels Using an Optimal One-Step-Ahead Switching-State Combination Approach." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020575.

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This paper presents a novel capacitor voltage balancing control approach for cascaded multilevel inverters with an arbitrary number of series-connected H-Bridge modules (floating capacitor modules) with asymmetric voltages, tiered by a factor of two (binary asymmetric). Using a nearest-level reference waveform, the balancing approach uses a one-step-ahead approach to find the optimal switching-state combination among all redundant switching-state combinations to balance the capacitor voltages as quickly as possible. Moreover, using a Lyapunov function candidate and considering LaSalle’s invariance principle, it is shown that an offline calculated trajectory of optimal switching-state combinations for each discrete output voltage level can be used to operate (asymptotically stable) the inverter without measuring any of the capacitor voltages, achieving a novel sensorless control as well. To verify the stability of the one-step-ahead balancing approach and its sensorless variant, a demonstrator inverter with 33 levels is operated in grid-tied mode. For the chosen 33-level converter, the NPC main-stage and the individual H-bridge modules are operated with an individual switching frequency of about 1 kHz and 2 kHz, respectively. The sensorless approach slightly reduced the dynamic system response and, furthermore, the current THD for the chosen operating point was increased from 3.28 to 4.58 in comparison with that of using the capacitor voltage feedback.

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Makhamreh, Hamza, Mohammad Sleiman, Osman Kukrer, and Kamal Al-Haddad. "Lyapunov-Based Model Predictive Control of a PUC7 Grid-Connected Multilevel Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 9 (September 2019): 7012–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2879282.

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Ali, Ahmed Ismail M., Mahmoud A. Sayed, and Takaharu Takeshita. "Isolated single-phase single-stage DC-AC cascaded transformer-based multilevel inverter for stand-alone and grid-tied applications." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 125 (February 2021): 106534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106534.

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Ch. Santosh Kumar and S. Tara Kalyani. "Improvement of Power Quality Using Reduced Switch Count Eleven-Level Inverter in Smart Grid." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 31, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.1.1433.

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This article proposed a hybrid control topology to cascaded multilevel-inverter (CMLI) using 11-level for the grid-tied photovoltaic generation system. The proposed hybrid technique combines an archerfish hunting optimiser (AHO) and Spike Neural Network (SNN); hence, it is called the AHO-SNN technique. The proposed control technique is to maintain the regulation of power or maximal energy conversion of the solar subsystem and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD). Here, the AHO is utilised to construct the optimum control signal dataset. The best control signals are estimated using a data set performed by SNN. The resultant control signals will regulate insulated-gate-bi-polar-switches (IGBT) of Cascaded MLI. The proposed AHO-SNN control topology determines the converter switching states by constructing the operating modes of the generation system. The system parameter changes and outside disturbances are optimally minimised with this control strategy. The proposed AHO-SNN control is done in MATLAB platform, and it evaluated their performance by using existing methods, like War Strategy Optimization Algorithm (WSO) Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network (FWNN), Side-Blotched Lizard Algorithm (SBLA), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Memetic Fire-Fly Algorithm (MFA). The result shows that the proposed approach based on THD is less than existing approaches.

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Makhamreh, Hamza, Mohamed Trabelsi, Osman Kukrer, and Haitham Abu-Rub. "An Effective Sliding Mode Control Design for a Grid-Connected PUC7 Multilevel Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 5 (May 2020): 3717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2917358.

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Katir, H., A. Abouloifa, K. Noussi, I. Lachkar, A. El Aroudi, F. Giri, C. Aouadi, M. Aourir, and F. El Otmani. "PV-Powered Grid-Tied Fault Tolerant Double-Stage DC-AC Conversion Chain Based on a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter." IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, no. 12 (2022): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.295.

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Trabelsi, Mohamed, Sertac Bayhan, Khalid Ahmed Ghazi, Haitham Abu-Rub, and Lazhar Ben-Brahim. "Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for Grid-Connected Packed-U-Cells Multilevel Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63, no. 11 (November 2016): 7286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2558142.

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Kadam, Abhijit, and Anshuman Shukla. "A Multilevel Transformerless Inverter Employing Ground Connection Between PV Negative Terminal and Grid Neutral Point." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 11 (November 2017): 8897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2696460.

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Villanueva, E., P. Correa, J. Rodriguez, and M. Pacas. "Control of a Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 11 (November 2009): 4399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2029579.

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40

Parker, Max A., Li Ran, and Stephen J. Finney. "Distributed Control of a Fault-Tolerant Modular Multilevel Inverter for Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Grid Interfacing." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 2 (February 2013): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2186774.

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41

Liu, Yushan, Baoming Ge, Haitham Abu-Rub, and Fang Zheng Peng. "An Effective Control Method for Three-Phase Quasi-Z-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based Grid-Tie Photovoltaic Power System." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61, no. 12 (December 2014): 6794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2316256.

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42

Mohapatra, Soumya Ranjan, and Vivek Agarwal. "Model Predictive Control for Flexible Reduction of Active Power Oscillation in Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverters Under Unbalanced and Distorted Microgrid Conditions." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 2 (March 2020): 1107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2957480.

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43

Darbas, Corentin, Jean-Christophe Olivier, Nicolas Ginot, Frédéric Poitiers, and Christophe Batard. "Cascaded Smart Gate Drivers for Modular Multilevel Converters Control: A Decentralized Voltage Balancing Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123589.

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Recent Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology allows for drastic improvements in power electronic conversion such as higher energy quality, lower power semiconductors electrical stress, decreased Electro-Magnetic Interferences (EMI), and reduced switching losses. MMC is widely used in High Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) transmissions as it offers, theoretically, no voltage limit. However, its control electronic structure is not modular itself. Especially, the insulation voltage between the submodule gate drivers’ primaries and secondaries depends on the number of submodules. The converter voltage levels cannot be increased without designing all gate driver isolations again. To solve that issue, the novel concept of distributed galvanic insulation is introduced for multilevel converters. The submodule’s gate drivers are daisy-chained, which naturally reduces the insulation voltage to the submodule capacitor voltage, regardless of the number of submodules. The MMC becomes truly modular as the number of submodules can be increased without impacting on the previous control electronic circuit. Such an innovative control structure weakens the link between the main control unit and the gate drivers. This inherent structural problem can be solved through the use of Smart-Gate Drivers (SGD), as they are often equipped with fast and bidirectional communication channels, while highly increasing the converter reliability. The innovation proposed in that work is the involvement of smart gate drivers in the distributed galvanic insulation-based MMC control and monitoring. First, the numerous benefits of smart gate drivers are discussed. Then, an innovative Voltage Balancing Algorithm directly integrated on the chained gate drivers is proposed and detailed. It features a tunable parameter, offering a trade-off between accurate voltage balancing and execution time. The proposed embedded algorithm features a low execution time due to simultaneous voltage comparisons. Such an algorithm is executed by the gate drivers themselves, relieving the main control unit in an original decentralized control scheme. A simulation model of a multi-megawatts three-phase grid-tied MMC inverter is realized, allowing validation of the proposed algorithm. Matlab/Simulink logic blocs allow us to simulate a typical CPLD/FPGA component, often embedded on smart gate drivers. The converter with the proposed embedded algorithm is simulated in steady-state and during load impact. The controlled delay and slew rate inferred by the algorithm do not disturb the converter behavior, allowing its conceptual validation.

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Gangadhar, Pottipati Sai. "Performance of IUPQC for Multi-Feeder Systems using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Multilevel-Inverter with Grid Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38938.

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Abstract: An ordinary PID system and an anti PID saturation technique are used to confirm the dominance of the proposed approach in a wind structure with exchange work. 6. The simulation is performed in MATLAB to designate the predominance of the anticipated calculation. The replica mould is shown in the image. Figure 9 depicts the controller surface waveforms in relation to the planned computation, where the level directions are instance t and the upward arrangements in are input esteem. In the end, the proposed method is capable of deciphering a symphonic disguise. There is a 0.9993-second lag between the factor power and 1, which means the factor power is very close to 1. New power-electronic devices, dubbed "Specific Power Devices," are being developed to reduce power quality problems and provide customers with tailored solutions. Modern s0lutions f0r l0adrelated issues and supply v0ltage flaws are included in UPQC, which stands for Unified Power Quality Conditioners. Shunt Compensation and Series Compensation work together to solve many power quality issues. The series compensator's current and voltage profiles are improved thanks to the shunt compensator. Custom feeding systems have emerged as a result of the assumption that a healthy feeder next to it can compensate for issues in the current feeding unit. With these devices, you'll get better performance than with a unique power supply for each feeder. These unique power devices include the IDVR, IVOLCON, and IUPQC with two voltage stabilisation capacitors, as well as the Interline Dynamic Voltage Restored (IDVR). The use of a new IUPQC topology that concurrently compensates for voltage and current impurities while also improving Power Quality Quality. In typical approaches, f0ur v0ltage source c0nverters (VSC) with multi-tier topologies are taken into account, and a hexagonal coordinate system space vect0r pulse width m0dulation is employed. The PI controller improves power quality while reducing status errors. Because of these drawbacks, the PI controller isn't the best choice for high-reliability applications. Particle Swarm Optimization uses the PI controller installation to further increase power quality (PSO). The IUPQC with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) stabilises voltage and current discrepancies for improved power quality in the multibus/multi-feeder system. In order to compensate for voltage changes, a proposed controller utilises a shared capacitor to distribute voltage from healthy feeds to neighbouring feeders. Tw0 feeders with a hybrid renewable energy system implement the researchers' technique. MATLAB/SIMLUNIK was used to analyse IUPQC's results. Keywords: Grid Integrati0n, Multi-Feeder Systems, Multi-Level C0nverters, P0wer Quality Impr0vement, Renewable Energy Systems

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Choi, Woo-Young. "Bidirectional Operation Scheme of Grid-Tied Zeta Inverter for Energy Storage Systems." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071159.

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The zeta inverter has been used for single-phase grid-tied applications. For its use of energy storage systems, this paper proposes the bidirectional operation scheme of the grid-tied zeta inverter. A shoot-through switching state is introduced, providing reliable bidirectional operation modes. A shoot-through duty cycle is utilized for the bidirectional grid current control of the inverter. The grid current is bidirectionally controlled by the shoot-through duty cycle, which enables the inverter to operate with seamless change of operation modes. Over the state-of-the art techniques using flyback and Cuk inverter topologies, the grid-tied zeta inverter using the proposed operation scheme provides advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and high reliability. The operation principle is presented by describing the operation mode and control method for the grid-tied zeta inverter. A 500 W prototype has been built and tested to verify its operation principle.

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Wang, Xiaogang, Ruidong Zhuang, and Junhui Cai. "Theoretical Analysis of a Fractional-Order LLCL Filter for Grid-Tied Inverters." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020135.

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The LLCL-filter-based grid-tied inverter performs better than the LCL-type grid-tied inverter due to its outstanding switching-frequency current harmonic elimination capability, but the positive resonance peak must be suppressed by passive or active damping methods. This paper proposes a class of fractional-order LLCL (FOLLCL) filters, which provides rich features by adjusting the orders of three inductors and one capacitor of the filter. Detailed analyses are performed to reveal the frequency characteristics of the FOLLCL filter; the orders must be selected reasonably to damp the positive resonance peak while reserving the negative resonance peak to attenuate the switching-frequency harmonics. Furthermore, the control system of the grid-tied inverter based on the FOLLCL filter is studied. When the positive resonance is suppressed by the intrinsic damping effect of the FOLLCL filter, the passive or active damper can be avoided; the grid current single close-loop is adequate to control the grid-tied inverter. For low-frequency applications, proportional-resonant (PR) controller is more suitable for the FOLLCL-type grid-tied inverter compared with the proportional-integral (PI) and fractional-order PI controllers due to its overall performance. Simulation results are consistent with theoretical expectations.

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47

Wu, Weimin, Min Huang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Efficiency comparison between the LLCL and LCL-filters based single-phase grid-tied inverters." Archives of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2014-0005.

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Abstract An LLCL-filter is becoming more attractive than an LCL-filter as the interface between the grid-tied inverter and the grid due to possibility of reducing the copper and the magnetic materials. The efficiency of the LLCL-filter based single-phase grid-tied inverter also excites interests for many applications. The operation of the switches of the VSI is various with different modulation methods, which lead to different efficiencies for such a single-phase grid-tied inverter system, and therefore important research has been carried out on the effect of the choice of PWM schemes. Then power losses and efficiencies of the LLCL-filter and the LCL-filter based single-phase grid-tied inverters are analyzed and compared under the discontinuous unipolar, the dual-buck and the bipolar modulations. Results show that the efficiency of LLCL-filter based inverter system is higher than the LCL- filter based independent on the modulation method adopted. Experiments on a 2 kW prototype are in good agreement with results of the theoretical analysis

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Wang, Han, Gang Shi, Jianwen Zhang, Miao Zhu, and Xu Cai. "Modified Passivity-Based Control for LCL-Filtered Grid-Tied Inverter with Output Admittance Reshaping." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2023 (January 6, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3373863.

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As a nonlinear control method, the Euler–Lagrange- (EL-) based passivity-based control (PBC) has been studied for grid-tied converters based on energy function to achieve better performance. However, the EL-based PBC method is dependent on an accurate mathematical model. In the traditional EL-based PBC research for LCL-filtered grid-tied inverter, the effect of the digital control delay is rarely considered and the stability under the grid impedance uncertainties is not discussed, especially in the capacitive grid or complex weak grid. To address these concerns, this study proposes a modified EL-based PBC method based on the output admittance reshaping for LCL-filtered grid-tied inverters. The system’ passive region is expanded by adding capacitor current feedback loop up to the Nyquist frequency. The potential resonance is thus eliminated irrespective of the grid impedance. Additionally, the stable region and control parameters design methods of the modified EL-based PBC method with inverter-side control are also carried out. To verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, both simulation and experimental results are investigated from a 3 kW grid-tied inverter prototype.

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Arulmurugan, R., P. Balakrishnan, N. Vengadachalam, V. Subha Seethalakshmi, and M. Vijayakumar. "An Efficient Modified Z Source Grid Tied Inverter System." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100482.

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In this paper presents the controlling the power of using quasi-Z source inverter for renewable source application. The proposed quasi z source is single stage DC to AC converter it delivered buck-boost operation with respect to input. These buck-boost converter is highly suitable compare to the normal dc to dc converter for photovoltaic applications. The proposed single stage converter are reliable and suitable for renewable energy source application. The source impedance quasi network offers high gain compare to the exciting system and reduced the total harmonic level. The quasi-z source followed by single phase H bridge converter uses to convert DC to AC with high reliability output. A proposed system-built Simulink and the hardware made for the open loop control. The conventional voltage and current source inverter have its own limitation of the output voltage low compare to the input source in the voltage source inverter, it is just opposite in the current source inverter. These limitations overcome by designed novel modified z source inverter was developed and controlled pulse using unipolar and bipolar concept. The output of the inverter after filter, it produces the less harmonics result 7.6% on fifth harmonics level compare with conventional inverter.

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Kandavel, B., G. Uvaraj, and M. Manikandan. "Comparative Study of Total Harmonic Distortion in Multilevel Inverters Based WECS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (August 4, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.16794.

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This paper presents comparative study of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and its individual harmonic contents without grid and with grid for Diode clamped multi level inverter (DCMLI) and Flying capacitor clamped multilevel inverter (FCMLI) based Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) employing PI and Fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Simple method to control for a variable speed wind energy conversion system with a DFIG is connected to the grid through a diode rectifier and a diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI). The DC-link voltage is controlled through a DC-DC boost converter to keep the DC voltage at constant value. Inverter is controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, which supplies power to the grid. The THD and its harmonic content are studied for different wind speeds. DFIG fed flying capacitor multi level inverter (FCMLI) based WECS connected to load as well as grid. FCMLI is controlled through sinusoidal pulse width modulation. Voltage and current harmonics are studied. The results of both multilevel inverters are compared. It shows that the level of harmonic content of two types of multilevel inverters working at different wind speeds indicates that Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for DCMLI has given best results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grid Tied Multilevel Inverter'

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