Journal articles: 'Grid reactive power support'

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Khorwal, Harish, and Mrs Madhu Upadhyay. "Descriptive Study of Renewable Energy System for Reactive Power Injection and AI Techniques." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijo-science.v6i1.249.

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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been in use predominantly since the last decade. Inverter fed PV grid topologies are being used prominently to meet power requirements and to insert renewable forms of energy into power grids. At present, coping with growing electricity demands is a major challenge. This paper presents a detailed review of topological advancements in PV-Grid Tied Inverters along with the advantages, disadvantages and main features of each. The different types of inverters used in the literature in this context are presented. Reactive power is one of the ancillary services provided by PV. It is recommended that reactive power from the inverter to grid be injected for reactive power compensation in localized networks. For successful integration with a grid, coordination between the support devices used for reactive power compensation and their optimal reactive power capacity is important for stability in grid power.

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Khorwal, Harish, and Mrs Madhu Upadhyay. "Descriptive Study of Renewable Energy System for Reactive Power Injection and AI Techniques." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i1.249.

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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been in use predominantly since the last decade. Inverter fed PV grid topologies are being used prominently to meet power requirements and to insert renewable forms of energy into power grids. At present, coping with growing electricity demands is a major challenge. This paper presents a detailed review of topological advancements in PV-Grid Tied Inverters along with the advantages, disadvantages and main features of each. The different types of inverters used in the literature in this context are presented. Reactive power is one of the ancillary services provided by PV. It is recommended that reactive power from the inverter to grid be injected for reactive power compensation in localized networks. For successful integration with a grid, coordination between the support devices used for reactive power compensation and their optimal reactive power capacity is important for stability in grid power.

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Yang, Yin Guo, Zhi Chang Yuan, Rui Chen, Jian Xi Lin, and Wei Tan. "A Comparing Study on Voltage Support Ability between STATCOM and Generator." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.160.

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STATCOM and synchronous generator are considered as measures of providing dynamic reactive power to power grid. Based on a real regional power grid, ability of voltage support between STATCOM and generator are compared through digital simulations. The results shows that STATCOM always provides additional reactive power to persist voltage collapse, while ability of generator reactive power are restricted by terminal voltage under faults.

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Abdul Kadir, Aida Fazliana, Hanisah Mupangat, Dalila Mat Said, and Zulhani Rasin. "REACTIVE POWER ANALYSIS AT SOLAR POWER PLANT." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.15104.

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Reactive power is essential to control the power system's voltage stability as the reactive power is directly proportional to the voltage. Hence, every new solar photovoltaic (PV) plant installed in the grid system must comply with the grid code requirements to ensure that the electricity supply remains stable and reliable. As the more penetration of PV plants, the electrical system will face some challenges related to reactive power control and voltage support. Thus, many countries including Malaysia have updated their grid codes to permit a smooth interaction between these new plants with the grid system. The inverter of PV solar connected to grid system are required to supply rated power output (MW) at point of common coupling (PCC) between the limits of 0.85 power factor lagging, and 0.95 leading follow to the Malaysian Grid Code (MGC) requirement. Hence, this research aims to design a controller for the PV inverter in Matlab/Simulink that able to absorb and supply the reactive power. Then, the comparison will execute between the simulation results and the MGC requirement. However, due to power loss in the system, the PV inverter controller may not comply with the reactive power capability as the MGC requirement. Thus, the PV system need to integrate with the capacitor bank as a reactive power compensator.

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Mohod, Sharad W., Sudesh M. Hatwar, and Mohan V. Aware. "Wind Energy Generation Interfaced System with Power Quality and Grid Support." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2079.

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The integration of the wind generator into the grid connected system becomes a challenge. The major problem is to have a dynamic reactive power support along with the controlled real power support from the source. In this paper a control algorithm is proposed to maintain the unity power factor of the source supply with no reactive power support from the source. The static compensator ( STATCOM ) is connected at a point of common coupling (PCC) with a battery energy storage system (BESS).The STATCOM and energy storage is interfaced with wind generating system, supporting the real and reactive power and also maintain the stable voltage at PCC and support the grid. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relieves the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction generator. The reactive power compensation by STATCOM with bang-bang controller with hysteresis based technique maintains the dynamic stability of the grid and matches the operating behavior of grid system. This scheme is simulated with a MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set, having interface of induction generator and non-linear load at PCC and performance is evaluated.

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Kavya Santhoshi, B., K. Mohana Sundaram, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, and Prabhakaran K. K. "Critical Review of PV Grid-Tied Inverters." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101921.

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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been in use predominantly since the last decade. Inverter fed PV grid topologies are being used prominently to meet power requirements and to insert renewable forms of energy into power grids. At present, coping with growing electricity demands is a major challenge. This paper presents a detailed review of topological advancements in PV-Grid Tied Inverters along with the advantages, disadvantages and main features of each. The different types of inverters used in the literature in this context are presented. Reactive power is one of the ancillary services provided by PV. It is recommended that reactive power from the inverter to grid be injected for reactive power compensation in localized networks. This practice is being implemented in many countries, and researchers have been trying to find an optimal way of injecting reactive power into grids considering grid codes and requirements. Keeping in mind the importance of grid codes and standards, a review of grid integration, the popular configurations available in literature, Synchronization methods and standards is presented, citing the key features of each kind. For successful integration with a grid, coordination between the support devices used for reactive power compensation and their optimal reactive power capacity is important for stability in grid power. Hence, the most important and recommended intelligent algorithms for the optimization and proper coordination are peer reviewed and presented. Thus, an overview of Solar PV energy-fed inverters connected to the grid is presented in this paper, which can serve as a guide for researchers and policymakers.

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Kim, Mi-na, Jun-sin Yi, Chung-Yuen Won, and Jung-Hyo Lee. "Methods to Improve Dynamic System Response of Power Compensators Using Supercapacitors in Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) Conditions." Electronics 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071144.

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In this paper, a power compensator using supercapacitors in parallel to protect grid-connected devices connected to the distributed power supply in the case of a low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) situation in designed, and a grid-connected device control method with improved responsiveness is proposed. In the LVRT situation, the distributed generation power may boost the DC_link voltage, increasing the risk of destroying grid-connected devices. To prevent this, the power compensator designed in this study absorbs active power in a fault situation and stores it in the supercapacitor to suppress the DC_link voltage rise and efficiently use the power. In addition, we propose methods to improve the response of the grid reactive power through the reactive power compensation of the power compensator in LVRT situation. To this end, the power angle (θPW) was extracted through the formula, and the reactive power command, to be compensated by the power compensator, and the reactive power command, compensated by the grid-connected devices, were calculated according to the active power value. In this way, the grid power controlled by the power compensation device and the grid-connected devices was controlled by the active/reactive power of the same power angle and analyzed mathematically. Active power control and static grid support were performed in the normal state where the reduction rate of the normal value of the grid voltage was around 10%. However, when the grid voltage dropped by 10% to 100%, the reactive power control was appropriately performed with dynamic grid support by increasing the voltage from 10% to 20% or more. We conducted a simulation of the new and renewable energy grid-connected devices using the OPAL-RT-based Hardware-in-the Loop Simulation (HILS) system to control the proposed active/reactive power.

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Charalambous, Anastasis, Lenos Hadjidemetriou, Lazaros Zacharia, Angelina D. Bintoudi, Apostolos C. Tsolakis, Dimitrios Tzovaras, and Elias Kyriakides. "Phase Balancing and Reactive Power Support Services for Microgrids." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 24, 2019): 5067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235067.

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Alternating current (AC) microgrids are expected to operate as active components within smart distribution grids in the near future. The high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources and the rapid electrification of the thermal and transportation sectors pose serious challenges that must be addressed by modern distribution system operators. Hence, new solutions should be developed to overcome these issues. Microgrids can be considered as a great candidate for the provision of ancillary services since they are more flexible to coordinate their distributed generation sources and their loads. This paper proposes a method for compensating microgrid power factor and loads asymmetries by utilizing advanced functionalities enabled by grid tied inverters of photovoltaics and energy storage systems. Further, a central controller has been developed for adaptively regulating the provision of both reactive power and phase balancing services according to the measured loading conditions at the microgrid’s point of common coupling. An experimental validation with a laboratory scale inverter and a real time hardware in the loop investigation demonstrates that the provision of such ancillary services by the microgrid can significantly improve the operation of distribution grids in terms of power quality, energy losses and utilization of available capacity.

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Garnica, Miguel, Luís García de Vicuña, Jaume Miret, Antonio Camacho, and Ramón Guzmán. "Voltage Support Experimental Analysis of a Low-Voltage Ride-Through Strategy Applied to Grid-Connected Distributed Inverters." Energies 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081949.

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In recent decades, different control strategies have been designed for the increasing integration of distributed generation systems. These systems, most of them based on renewable energies, use electronic converters to exchange power with the grid. Capabilities such as low-voltage ride-through and reactive current injection have been experimentally explored and reported in many research papers with a single inverter; however, these capabilities have not been examined in depth in a scenario with multiple inverters connected to the grid. Only few simulation works that include certain methods of reactive power control to solve overvoltage issues in low voltage grids can be found in the literature. Therefore, the overall objective of the work presented in this paper is to provide an experimental analysis of a low-voltage ride-through strategy applied to distributed power generation systems to help support the grid during voltage sags. The amount of reactive power will depend on the capability of each inverter and the amount of generated active power. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that, depending on the configuration of distributed generation, diverse inverters could have different control strategies. In the same way, the discussion of these results shows that the present object of study is of great interest for future research.

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Ramachandran, Vijayapriya, Angalaeswari Sendraya Perumal, Natrayan Lakshmaiya, Prabhu Paramasivam, and Seshathiri Dhanasekaran. "Unified Power Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Power System with Ancillary Support during Grid Faults." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 7385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197385.

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A unified active power control scheme is devised for the grid-integrated permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind power system (WPS) to follow the Indian electricity grid code requirements. The objective of this paper is to propose control schemes to ensure the continuous integration of WPS into the grid even during a higher percentage of voltage dip. In this context, primarily a constructive reactive power reference is formulated to raise and equalize the point of common coupling (PCC) potential during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, respectively. A simple active power reference is also proposed to inject a consistent percentage of generated power even during faults without violating system ratings. Eventually, the efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in terms of PCC voltage enhancement, DC-link potential, grid real, and reactive power oscillation minimization using the PSCAD/ EMTDC software.

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Ostanin, Andrey, Dmitriy Lotsman, Alexey Vasilyev, and Vladislav Fomenko. "Dispatch’s decision-making support during operational voltage control in control stations." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 07009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020907009.

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Voltage and reactive power mode control is performed by dispatcher for the purpose of ensuring required reserves on steady state stability and load stability as well as permissible voltage operating conditions of electric grid equipment. The decision made by dispatcher engaged in controlling reactive power and voltage modes is founded on instructional materials developed in advance for each voltage control station (CS) with focus on data about typical modes of power system or energy area operation. The actual efficiency of reactive power compensation facilities depends on many factors (the composition and operation of grid elements, the composition and operation of generating equipment, etc.). To make final and balanced decision, in some cases, it is necessary to perform some estimation calculations, which take more time for decision making. To minimize and reduce the time required by dispatcher for their decision making and improve its accuracy when involved in voltage and reactive power mode control, it is reasonable to develop software able to determine the efficiency of reactive power compensation facilities in real time.

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Viera Díaza, Rosa Iris, Mario Arturo González García, RICARDO ALVAREZ SALAS, HOMERO MIRANDA VIDALES, and VÍCTOR MANUEL CÁRDENAS GALINDO. "A PHOTOVOLTAIC GRID-CONNECTED CONVERTER OPERATING WITH REACTIVE POWER AND CURRENT HARMONIC COMPENSATION FUNCTIONS." DYNA 97, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10640.

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The capacity of a single-phase photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected converter to perform ancillary functions for power quality improvement is studied in this research work. The importance of the nominal value of the dc bus voltage on the capacity of the converter to compensate current harmonics is demonstrated from the analysis carried out to design a control system based on hysteresis. With the proposed control scheme, the converter can inject the active power generated to the grid, compensate the reactive power and harmonics demand of a nonlinear load, and simultaneously inject reactive power as a grid-support function. It can operate exchanging reactive power with the grid or act as an active power filter even under the absence of solar energy. Key Words: Harmonic compensation, reactive power, hysteresis control, photovoltaic systems, grid-connected converter, power quality.

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Radwan, Eyad, Mutasim Nour, Emad Awada, and Ali Baniyounes. "Fuzzy Logic Control for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244796.

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This paper presents a control scheme for a photovoltaic (PV) system that uses a single-phase grid-connected inverter with low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. In this scheme, two PI regulators are used to adjust the power angle and voltage modulation index of the inverter; therefore, controlling the inverter’s active and reactive output power, respectively. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is also implemented to manage the inverter’s operation during the LVRT operation. The FLC adjusts (or de-rates) the inverter’s reference active and reactive power commands based on the grid voltage sag and the power available from the PV system. Therefore, the inverter operation has been divided into two modes: (i) Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) during the normal operating conditions of the grid, and (ii) LVRT support when the grid is operating under faulty conditions. In the LVRT mode, the de-rating of the inverter active output power allows for injection of some reactive power, hence providing voltage support to the grid and enhancing the utilization factor of the inverter’s capacity. The proposed system was modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results showed good system performance in response to changes in reference power command, and in adjusting the amount of active and reactive power injected into the grid.

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Hinz, Fabian, and Dominik Most. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of 110 kV Grid Reactive Power Support for the Transmission Grid." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, no. 5 (September 2018): 4809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2816899.

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Feng, Fan, and Jingyang Fang. "Weak Grid-Induced Stability Problems and Solutions of Distributed Static Compensators with Voltage Droop Support." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091385.

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Distributed static compensators (DSTATCOMs) are grid-connected power electronic equipment dedicated to compensating reactive power as well as improving voltage regulation in distribution networks. They eclipse conventional compensation approaches, such as capacitor banks, in terms of flexibility and effectiveness. Despite their identified advantages, STATCOMs with voltage droop are subject to weak grid-induced stability problems, as first revealed by this paper. Specifically, the voltage droop controller that couples the amplitude of point of common coupling (PCC) voltages to the reactive current reference creates a local control loop. Such a loop greatly deteriorates system stability in weak grids, which feature large and variable grid impedances. To address such stability problems, we propose a novel virtual resistance control scheme, which improves system stability through mitigation of local control loop gains in the low-frequency band. Experimental results obtained from a DSTATCOM prototype clearly demonstrate the correctness of stability analysis and the effectiveness of stability improvement.

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Feng, Fan, and Jingyang Fang. "Weak Grid-Induced Stability Problems and Solutions of Distributed Static Compensators with Voltage Droop Support." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091385.

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Distributed static compensators (DSTATCOMs) are grid-connected power electronic equipment dedicated to compensating reactive power as well as improving voltage regulation in distribution networks. They eclipse conventional compensation approaches, such as capacitor banks, in terms of flexibility and effectiveness. Despite their identified advantages, STATCOMs with voltage droop are subject to weak grid-induced stability problems, as first revealed by this paper. Specifically, the voltage droop controller that couples the amplitude of point of common coupling (PCC) voltages to the reactive current reference creates a local control loop. Such a loop greatly deteriorates system stability in weak grids, which feature large and variable grid impedances. To address such stability problems, we propose a novel virtual resistance control scheme, which improves system stability through mitigation of local control loop gains in the low-frequency band. Experimental results obtained from a DSTATCOM prototype clearly demonstrate the correctness of stability analysis and the effectiveness of stability improvement.

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He, Tingting, Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu, Mingli Wu, Qinyao Yang, Teng Li, and Qiujiang Liu. "Four-Quadrant Operations of Bidirectional Chargers for Electric Vehicles in Smart Car Parks: G2V, V2G, and V4G." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010181.

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This paper presents the four-quadrant operation modes of bidirectional chargers for electric vehicles (EVs) framed in smart car parks. A cascaded model predictive control (MPC) scheme for the bidirectional two-stage off-board chargers is proposed. The controller is constructed in two stages. The model predictive direct power control for the grid side is applied to track the active/reactive power references. The model predictive direct current control is proposed to achieve constant current charging/discharging for the EV load side. With this MPC strategy, EV chargers are able to transmit the active and reactive powers between the EV batteries and the power grid. Apart from exchanging the active power, the vehicle-for-grid (V4G) mode is proposed, where the chargers are used to deliver the reactive power to support the grid, simultaneously combined with grid-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-grid operation modes. In the V4G mode, the EV battery functions as the static var compensator. According to the simulation results, the system can operate effectively in the full control regions of the active and reactive power (PQ) plane under the aforementioned operation modes. Fast dynamic response and great steady-state system performances can be verified through various simulation and experimental results.

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Yu, Byunggyu. "Anti-Islanding Method Development Based on Reactive Power Variation under Grid Support Environments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 9074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189074.

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As the proportion of distributed generation (DG), including Photovoltaic (PV) generation, in the power grid system increases, there are dropouts of large-scale distributed power generation sources due to some transient conditions that negatively affect the power grid stability and power quality. Accordingly, the inverter for DG generation is in a transition period, requiring more complex control performance. Anti-islanding function requirements in particular are becoming more strict because sophisticated grid-connection requirements are demanded, such as voltage ride-through, frequency ride-through, rate of change of frequency, and other functions. Thus, highly advanced anti-islanding methods are required to detect the islanding condition quickly and accurately to stop the inverter. This paper presents the improved anti-islanding method based on reactive power variation (RPV) under grid-support environments for single-phase DG inverters. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, PSIM simulation was conducted. The proposed method meets the requirements of IEEE Std. 1547-2018 and KS C 8564:2021 by preventing islanding within 0.007 s under the newly adopted voltage/frequency trip setting, while the conventional RPV method fails.

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Yue, Zongzu, Xuhui Shen, and Feng Yan. "Coordinated Optimal Control of Multiple Reactive Power Devices at Different Voltage Levels in UHVDC Near Zone." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 06021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016506021.

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Affected by different steady-state reactive power output ratios among generators, capacitors and other reactive devices in the end-to-end power grid, voltage collapse may occur due to the failure of the receiving-end AC system, and the problem of voltage stabilization in multi-DC feed systems is particularly common. For suppressing voltage collapse, sufficient dynamic reactive power support is an effective measure, and there are some differences in the dynamic support effect of different reactive power sources. The dynamic reactive power response of the generator and its reactive power margin are two important factors affecting the coordination and optimization of the reactive power of the generator. The comprehensive evaluation index is adopted to optimize the sequencing of the reactive power output of the generator near the DC drop point. A coordinated control method of dynamic and static reactive power for DC near-point systems at different voltage levels is proposed. By controlling the steady-state reactive power output ratio between multiple reactive devices, the node voltage is maintained near the target value, and reactive power control schemes at different voltage levels can be given to meet load changes. Finally, taking the actual situation of Central China Power Grid as an example, the results of different reactive voltage control strategies are compared and analyzed, which proves that the coordinated control strategy of multiple reactive power devices can significantly improve the stability of the receiving grid voltage.

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Kalsi, S. S., D. Madura, and M. Ingram. "Superconductor Synchronous Condenser for Reactive Power Support in an Electric Grid." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 15, no. 2 (June 2005): 2146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2005.849481.

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Morgan, Ernest F., Tamer F. Megahed, Junya Suehiro, and Sobhy M. Abdelkader. "A Fault Ride-Through Technique for PMSG wind turbines using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) under Grid voltage sag conditions." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.223.

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Wind power penetration is growing, posing considerable technological challenges for developing electrical grid systems. Gearless permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are becoming more popular. On the flip side, they are susceptible to grid failures. The use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to enhance fault ride-through in PMSG wind turbines is investigated. Per the current Grid code trends, WECS are not to be disconnected from the grid; rather, they should provide reactive power support during such situations. This work incorporates machine and grid side converters to manage reactive, active power and DC-link voltage during grid failures. To improves system performance, lessen voltage dips at the point of common coupling (PCC), provide reactive power support and reduce the transient length, a DC-link capacitor is used with SMES. SMES reserve energy capacity is necessary for FRT operation when the wind turbine's inertial response range is insufficient. Finally, a 1.5 MW PMSG-based WTG with SMES is developed. The Pre-fault, fault-period, and post-fault performance are all assessed. They confirm the system's efficiency, speed, and stability.

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Wang, Shihao, Xujing Tang, Xionghang Liu, and Chen Xu. "Research on Low Voltage Ride through Control of a Marine Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System Based on a Super Capacitor." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031020.

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With the increase of photovoltaic penetration rate, the fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation affects the reliability of ship power grids. Marine PV grid-connected systems with high penetration rates should generally have a low voltage ride-through capability. In the present paper, a strategy in which super capacitors are applied for energy storage in a marine photovoltaic grid-connected system is proposed, and an inverter adopts independent decoupling control of active and reactive currents to improve the LVRT capability of photovoltaic grid-connected systems. In addition, a comprehensive control strategy is also designed to control the supercapacitor, to regulate the active power through the control method of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, in order to maintain the DC bus voltage stability. At the same time, the inverter can increase the reactive power output to support the grid voltage. The advantage of this system is in smoothing the power imbalance in a short time, enhancing the low voltage ride-through capability of the photovoltaic grid-connected system, improving the power quality, and ensuring the safety and stability of the ship’s power grid. MATLAB/Simulink were employed to establish a ro-ro ship super capacitor–marine photovoltaic grid-connected power system model and to carry out simulation experiments by setting the grid voltage drop. The results show that when the grid voltage drops, the inverter adjusts the distribution of active and reactive power. The power factor drops from 1 to 0.77, and the effective value of the voltage drop increases from 150 V to 156 V, which proves that this strategy effectively reduces the depth of the grid voltage drop and improves the low voltage ride-through capability of the photovoltaic grid-connected system.

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Raut, Vaibhav S. "Reactive Power Management in Solar PV System using Matlab." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35182.

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Photovoltaic (PV) systems propose attractive alternative source of generation because these can be placed near to the load centers when compared with other renewable source of generation. It is therefore rooftop PV is the center of attraction for majority PV systems. The rooftop PV system in general is grid connected and supports the off-grid load with battery backup. The designed system must ensure total evacuation of generated power and with high efficiency of conversion, and utilizes the resource adequately to maximize the utilization of energy. This paper proposes single phase synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory based current controlled PWM controller for the voltage source converter (VSC) to realize maximum generated power evacuation by maintaining the DC link voltage constant without battery support, low THD sinusoidal line synchronized current output, and limited reactive power compensation based on the unutilized capacity of the inverter. PV power is being tracked always at MPP through incremental conductance (IC) method. MATLAB based simulation results shows the efficient working of rooftop PV with proposed control algorithms in grid connected mode with limited reactive power conditioning.

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Mahat, Rabin, Khagendra B. Thapa, Sudip Lamichhane, Sudip Thapaliya, and Sagar Dhakal. "Voltage Control and Braking System of a DFIG during a Fault." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 16, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36569.

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This paper describes a voltage control scheme of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine that can inject more reactive power to the grid during a fault so as to support the grid voltage. To achieve this, the coordinated control scheme using both rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converters (GSC) controllers of the DFIG are employed simultaneously. The RSC and GSC controllers employ PI controller to operate smoothly. In the voltage control mode, the RSC and GSC are operated. During a fault, both RSC and GSC are used simultaneously to supply the reactive power into the grid (main line) depending on voltage dip condition to support the grid voltage. The proposed system is implemented for single DFIG wind turbine using MATLAB simulation software. The results illustrate that the control strategy injects the reactive power to support the voltage stability during a fault rapidly. Also, the braking system is designed to protect the wind turbine system from over speed. For this purpose, the braking resistors are being used.

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Li, Xiang, Peng Li, Ning Bo Wang, De Zhi Chen, Xiao Rong Zhu, Yun Ting Song, and Mao Sheng Ding. "Research on Supporting Effect of Dynamic Var Compensation to the Security of Large-Scale Wind Power Integration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 391 (September 2013): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.265.

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There are security and stability problems happened in northwest china power grid connected with jiuquan large-scale wind farms in practice, such as voltage rising and low-frequency oscillation. Analyzing data is the high load mode of Northwest Power Grid in the winter of 2012 in this paper. On this basis, simulation was implemented by using BPA simulation software to analyze the support and improvement of dynamic reactive power compensation equipment on security problems happened in jiuquan. Analysis results show that: dynamic reactive power compensation equipment has characteristics as automatic, fast regulation of reactive power. The security and stability of power grid connected with jiuquan large-scale wind farms can be enhanced effectively when these characteristics are full used.

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Wang, Ding, Ming Xu, Zhen Hu, Yangwu Shen, Luxi Hao, and Jian Zuo. "Quantitative Influence of Wind Farm Reactive Power and Voltage Control Capability on Hunan Power Grid Thermal Power Spinning Reserve." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2213, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2213/1/012018.

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Abstract Affected by factors such as the inverse distribution of power sources and loads in the province, and the mismatch between the construction of load center power sources and load growth, the problem of voltage stability in central and southern Hunan is prominent, which mainly restricts the thermal power maximum operating capacity of the Hunan Power Grid. Under the heavy load mode, the hydro power units and thermal power units operating in the province need to reserve a certain amount of spinning reserve to response the voltage stability problems in central and southern Hunan. Thus, it leads to insufficient power supply during peak load periods. In recent years, the grid load has maintained rapid growth, and the increase in power sources is mainly the wind power. Affected by the anti-peak-shaving characteristics of wind power, the lack of wind power has aggravated the problem of insufficient power supply. Actually, the wind turbine is in a hot standby state during standby/backup, and its grid-connected converter is still in a grid-connected state within four hours. Besides, the continuous running SVG in the wind farm booster station can still be used temporarily. The above devices can provide reactive power support to the power grid during the transient process. Therefore, this paper takes the southern Hunan region as an example, and quantified the reduced thermal power requirement reserve by analyzing the reactive power support effect of the grid-connected wind farms. In this way, the power supply capacity can be improved.

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Varma, Dileep Kumar, Y. P. Obulesh, and Ch Sai Babu. "Decoupled Feed Forward Voltage Oriented Controller For DFIG Under Balanced And Unbalanced Fault Conditions." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v15i2.1533.

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As wind power penetration increases continuously in total Power Generation, the wind turbines are necessary to stay connected to grid even under grid disturbances. An enhanced control strategy for DFIG is proposed in the present paper to meet the latest grid codes set by grid operators. The decoupled current controller implemented in grid voltage oriented reference frame is applied to Grid Side Converter (GSC) to improve the dynamic performance of DFIG. The proposed scheme enhances the Low Voltage ride through capability of Wind farm by providing reactive Power support under adverse grid conditions. The Proposed scheme also counteracts the ripples in DC Link voltage, stator/rotor currents and stator/reactive power to fulfill the grid code commitments in weak grid.Simulation results are presented to verify the feasibility and robustness of the proposed control scheme.

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Song, Yuyan, Yuhong Wang, Qi Zeng, Jianquan Liao, Zongsheng Zheng, Shiyu Chen, and Yiben Liao. "An Active Voltage Coordinate Control Strategy of DFIG-Based Wind Farm with Hybrid Energy Storage System." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243060.

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In a power system with wind farms, the point of common coupling (PCC) usually suffers from voltage instability under large wind speed variations and the load impact. Using the internal converter of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine to provide voltage support auxiliary service is an effective scheme to suppress the voltage fluctuation at PCC. To satisfy the reactive power demand of the connected grid, an active voltage coordinate control strategy with the hybrid energy storage system of the wind farm is proposed. The dynamic reactive power balance model is established to show the interaction between the reactive power limitation of the wind farm and the reactive power compensation demand of the grid. This indicates the initial conditions of the active voltage coordinate control strategy. According to the critical operating point and the operation state of the DFIG, the active and reactive power coordinate control strategy composed of active ω-β coordinate control and active β control is proposed to enhance the reactive power support capability and stabilize the grid voltage. To compensate the active power shortage, an auxiliary control strategy based on the hybrid energy storage system is introduced. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can suppress the voltage fluctuation effectively and make full use of primary energy.

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Wang, Ju Bo, Wen Li Xu, Wei Bao, and Pan Zhang. "Strategy for Reactive Control in Symmetrical Low Voltage Ride through of Photovoltaic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2820.

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The active and reactive power decoupling control of photovoltaic system is analyzed in this paper. The DC-DC and DC-AC two level photovoltaic inverter model are built on the RTDS. A new type LVRT control strategy about photovoltaic system is proposed. In the symmetrical grid drop fault case, photovoltaic system output reactive power to support the grid voltage recovering and save reactive power equipment. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment on the RTDS.

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Lu, Jin Ling, Shao Tong Shi, and Yang Lu. "Control Strategy of Improving the Transient Voltage Stability of Grid-Connected Large-Scale Wind Farm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1758.

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Because mostly used variable speed wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) do not provide with transient voltage support capability under fault conditions, the security and stability of grid is influenced by wind farms integration in the case of severe short circuit fault contingency occurred on the grid side. The modified power converter controller model with transient voltage support capability and pitch control model used for post-fault stability control are implemented in DIgSILENT/PowerFactory. The models validation and the contribution to transient voltage stability enhancement are verified by power system simulation containing large wind farms. From simulation results, it can be illustrated that modified power converter controller with transient voltage support capability can provide dynamic reactive power to support grid voltage recovery and the modified pitch control model can reduce mechanical power , preventing wind turbines from over-speeding and also providing more reactive power generation stability for the power converter controller in the duration of power system large disturbance. The conclusion is presented that the control strategy can effectively improve the transient voltage stability of the gird.

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Górski, Dominik Andrzej. "Analysis of squirrel-cage induction generator start-up supported by reactive power compensator." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 39, no. 2 (November 16, 2019): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-04-2019-0149.

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Purpose The power electronic converter is used for the satisfaction of reactive power demand of induction generator, when grid-tied. This paper aims to present an application of STATCOM to reduce inrush transient caused by the connection of a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) to the grid. Design/methodology/approach The power generation system consists of an uncontrolled prime mover, a SCIG and a power electronic converter connected to the grid. The three-phase Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converter works as a STATCOM to satisfy a reactive power demand of the generator. A control scheme of STATCOM uses the x-y reference frame rotating synchronously with grid voltage vector and the p-q instantaneous power theory to calculate q component of grid power. Findings It is shown that the parallel converter, which works as a reactive power compensator allows decreasing transients during a grid connection of the induction generator. Research limitations/implications Transients during a grid connection of the induction generator are only partially decreased. Practical implications It is needed to compensate for the reactive power of a SCIG. The NPC converter works as a STATCOM. The converter partially reduces grid transients during generator connection. The laboratory tests are demonstrated by connection 7.5 kW induction generator to 8 kVA transformer. Originality/value The paper presents the mitigation of grid transients during connection of induction generator with the power electronic converter working as reactive power compensator.

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Tan, Kang Miao, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Jia Ying Yong, and Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy. "A multi-control vehicle-to-grid charger with bi-directional active and reactive power capabilities for power grid support." Energy 171 (March 2019): 1150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.053.

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Cheng, Meng Zeng, Zhen Lan Dou, and Xu Cai. "Coordination Control Strategy for Active and Reactive Power of DFIG Based on Exact Feedback Linearization under Grid Fault Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.335.

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In this paper, a control strategy for operation of rotor side converter (RSC) of Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) is developed by injecting reactive power into the grid in order to support the grid voltage during and after grid fault events. The novel nonlinear control method is based on differential geometry theory, and exact feedback linearization is applied for control system design of DFIG. Then the optimal control for the linearized system is obtained through introducing the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design method. Simulation results on a single machine infinite bus power system show that the proposed nonlinear control method can inject reactive power to fault grid rapidly, reduce the oscillation of active power and improve the transient stability of power system.

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Xu, Zhen Yu, Bin Meng, Jian He, and Shao Hua Jiao. "Research on Coordinated Control of Reactive Power and Voltage in Large Scale Wind Farm Groups." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1330.

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Under the influence of the view that reactive power compensation on-spot, the study on control of reactive power and voltage in wind farms focused on a single wind farm optimal reactive voltage control. China's wind power resources are relatively concentrated and a region often have several or even a dozen wind farms. Wind farm thought as a unit to adjust often leads to irrational reactive power flow. Wind farm groups and collection substations must be thought together as a whole to manage. This paper makes use of collection substations to support area voltage, coordinates reactive power output of the wind farm groups based on the voltage sensitivity and improves the overall grid voltage level of the wind farm groups areas. Simulation results proved that the program can improve the regional power grid voltage level.

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BUYUK, Mehmet. "PLL-Less Active/Reactive Power Control of Photovoltaic Energy Source with Applying pq-Theory in Single-Phase Grid System." European Journal of Technic 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36222/ejt.1129083.

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Converter systems are applied to manage active/reactive power control of photovoltaic (PV) source during integration with the electric grid system. The control algorithm of the conventional converter system consists of a reference generation unit, a dc-link voltage control loop, two power control loops and a phase lock loop (PLL) system. PLL unit is used to lock in phase angle of the electric grid, and to perform the coordinate transformation for calculations of the active/reactive powers. However, the control algorithm has a slow dynamic response because of utilisation of a PLL structure. In addition, additional complex mathematical computations are required with the use of a PLL algorithm. Furthermore, the interaction of the PLL and the power control loops may lead power oscillation problems under weak grid, and also result in instability of the PV system. In this study, to avoid the aforementioned issues and to enhance the power flow capability of the grid-connected PV panels, a PLL-less control algorithm in pq-theory is studied for the active/reactive power management and the grid synchronization. In addition, the mathematical formulations of the current control algorithm are presented in detail. To show the effectiveness of the PLL-less controller, a PV system model with using real PV panel groups is designed and constructed in a simulation environment. The proposed control method is tested under various operation cases such as dynamic environmental conditions, reactive power support and voltage variations. The proposed method shows efficient performance under applications of the different operation situations.

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Zubiaga, Markel, Alain Sanchez-Ruiz, Eneko Olea, Eneko Unamuno, Aitor Bilbao, and Joseba Arza. "Power Capability Boundaries for an Inverter Providing Multiple Grid Support Services." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174314.

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It is getting more common every day to install inverters that offer several grid support services in parallel. As these services are provided, a simultaneous need arises to know the combined limit of the inverter for those services. In the present paper, operational limits are addressed based on a utility scale for a real inverter scenario with an energy storage system (ESS) (1.5 MW). The paper begins by explaining how active and reactive power limits are calculated, illustrating the PQ maps depending on the converter rated current and voltage. Then, the effect of the negative sequence injection, the phase shift of compensated harmonics and the transformer de-rating are introduced step-by-step. Finally, inverter limits for active filter applications are summarized, to finally estimate active and reactive power limits along with the harmonic current injection for some example cases. The results show that while the phase shift of the injected negative sequence has a significant effect in the available inverter current, this is not the case for the phase shift of injected harmonics. However, the amplitude of the injected negative sequence and harmonics will directly impact the power capabilities of the inverter and therefore, depending on the grid-side voltage, it might be interesting to design an output transformer with a different de-rating factor to increase the power capabilities.

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Hansen, Anca Daniela, Kaushik Das, Poul Sørensen, Pukhraj Singh, and Andrea Gavrilovic. "European and Indian Grid Codes for Utility Scale Hybrid Power Plants." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144335.

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The aim of this paper is to review and compare present European and Indian grid code requirements imposed to hybrid power plants (HPPs) combining wind, solar and storage technologies. Since there are no grid codes specifically for HPPs, the paper will review grid codes for the power plant based on individual renewable technology in the HPP. European grid codes specifies ranges for parameters inside which each national transmission system operators (TSO) has to specify the set of national parameters (Danish specifications in this paper). The comparisons are performed with respect to fault-ride-through capability, frequency and voltage operation ranges, active power control/frequency support as well as reactive power control/voltage support.

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Qian, WAN, Xia Chengjun, Azeddine Houari, Zhao Xue, Xia Chengjun, Zheng Xiaotian, and Huang Chuyin. "The Reactive Power Support Strategy based on Dual-loop Control for Three-phase Grid-connected Inverter." E3S Web of Conferences 182 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018202011.

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Renewable energy sources (RESs) generally connected with electric power system via power electronic interface. This paper presents a reactive power and voltage (Q/V) control strategy of three-phase photovoltaic (PV) system to offering reactive power based on the typical dual-loop control topology. It is worth mentioning that control strategy can support reactive power when a low voltage fault occurs in AC bus without additional compensation device. With the help of the decoupling control, the PV array can generate active power as much as possible in variable external solar radiation conditions. The voltage of PV arrays is adopted as the objective, which on account of the easy availability and controllability of voltage, to control output active power. Besides, accurately modeling process from a PV cell to PV array is described in the beginning to acquire the P-V and V-I characteristics of PV arrays, which promote the designment of Q/V control.

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Zhang, Ming Guang, and Xiao Jing Chen. "Control Strategy of Low Voltage Ride-Through for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System Based on Predictive Current." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1753.

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The control strategy based on predictive current is proposed to solve problems that destruct stable operation of grid-connected photovoltaic system during asymmetrical fall. A mathematical model of PV inverter is established to calculate current instruction; a method of tracking based on predictive current is proposed to reduce the fluctuations of 2 times frequency. In the meantime, PV inverter provides reactive power to support voltage recovery according to the depth of grid voltage sags and realize LVRT. The result also shows that the proposed control strategy can reduce wave of DC voltage and provide reactive power to support voltage recovery.

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Hemsuree, Marut, Chanan Thiranan, and Surachai Chaitusaney. "Model of Power Factor Charge for Photovoltaic Generation System Based on its Contribution to Power Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.262.

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This paper proposes a power factor charge model, which considers the operation of photovoltaic generation system (PVGS). The proposed model is aimed to encourage Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) to have contribution, by its operation, to voltage regulation in the connecting power system. The proposed model allows PVGS has to either consume or supply reactive power for maintaining system voltages to be within an acceptable range. In the financial part, consuming or supplying reactive power may cause the power factor charge to be increased while the opportunity for generating active power (PVGS income) to be reduced. The proposed model is tested in impact of PVGS to utility grid, and the results show that PVGS can have contribution to grid support.

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Cortajarena, José Antonio, Oscar Barambones, Patxi Alkorta, and Jon Cortajarena. "Grid Frequency and Amplitude Control Using DFIG Wind Turbines in a Smart Grid." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020143.

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Wind-generated energy is a fast-growing source of renewable energy use across the world. A dual-feed induction machine (DFIM) employed in wind generators provides active and reactive, dynamic and static energy support. In this document, the droop control system will be applied to adjust the amplitude and frequency of the grid following the guidelines established for the utility’s smart network supervisor. The wind generator will work with a maximum deloaded power curve, and depending on the reserved active power to compensate the frequency drift, the limit of the reactive power or the variation of the voltage amplitude will be explained. The aim of this paper is to show that the system presented theoretically works correctly on a real platform. The real-time experiments are presented on a test bench based on a 7.5 kW DFIG from Leroy Somer’s commercial machine that is typically used in industrial applications. A synchronous machine that emulates the wind profiles moves the shaft of the DFIG. The amplitude of the microgrid voltage at load variations is improved by regulating the reactive power of the DFIG and this is experimentally proven. The contribution of the active power with the characteristic of the droop control to the load variation is made by means of simulations. Previously, the simulations have been tested with the real system to ensure that the simulations performed faithfully reflect the real system. This is done using a platform based on a real-time interface with the DS1103 from dSPACE.

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Cortajarena, José Antonio, Oscar Barambones, Patxi Alkorta, and Jon Cortajarena. "Grid Frequency and Amplitude Control Using DFIG Wind Turbines in a Smart Grid." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020143.

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Wind-generated energy is a fast-growing source of renewable energy use across the world. A dual-feed induction machine (DFIM) employed in wind generators provides active and reactive, dynamic and static energy support. In this document, the droop control system will be applied to adjust the amplitude and frequency of the grid following the guidelines established for the utility’s smart network supervisor. The wind generator will work with a maximum deloaded power curve, and depending on the reserved active power to compensate the frequency drift, the limit of the reactive power or the variation of the voltage amplitude will be explained. The aim of this paper is to show that the system presented theoretically works correctly on a real platform. The real-time experiments are presented on a test bench based on a 7.5 kW DFIG from Leroy Somer’s commercial machine that is typically used in industrial applications. A synchronous machine that emulates the wind profiles moves the shaft of the DFIG. The amplitude of the microgrid voltage at load variations is improved by regulating the reactive power of the DFIG and this is experimentally proven. The contribution of the active power with the characteristic of the droop control to the load variation is made by means of simulations. Previously, the simulations have been tested with the real system to ensure that the simulations performed faithfully reflect the real system. This is done using a platform based on a real-time interface with the DS1103 from dSPACE.

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R. B., Selvakumar, and Vivekanandan C. "Analysis of modified plug-in electric vehicle charger controller with grid support functionalities." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e0262365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262365.

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Power quality issues, which are mainly due to power electronic devices that are invariably used not only in domestic sector but also industries, still persist despite various mitigation strategies. The slow but steady invasion of Electric vehicles or Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in recent years, in the automobile sector, adds woes to the power quality issues further. Majority of the charging systems presently available for charging PEVs are unidirectional and so supports Grid to Vehicle (G2V) mode only as the bidirectional integration of those vehicles into the grid is still a big challenge. However, Vehicle to Grid (V2G) support mode also deserves an equal importance as the PEV charger with V2G mode of operation is capable of supporting grid functionalities also, on need basis, which largely depends on the power circuit topology and controller topology it uses. Hence, in this work an improved controller topology has been designed and developed to alleviate the burdens on the grid. Support for active power demand, voltage swell and sag mitigation, in addition to catering its prime objective of charging the batteries are focused. A Second Order Generalized Integrator Phase Locked Loop (SOGI-PLL) based controller has been developed and implemented in the proposed work to improve the transient response, apart from controlling the steady-state oscillations of the grid to which it is connected to. A single phase non-isolated bidirectional PEV charger with proposed control topology has been simulated in MATLAB-Simulink for vehicle support and grid support mode of operations. The simulation proves the satisfactory operation of the proposed charger in the four quarters of active power and reactive power (PQ) plane, thus complies the design objectives of bidirectional power flow. The results obtained from the simulation show improved performance in terms of DC link voltage overshoot, steady-state oscillations, overall efficiency, voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortions (THD)

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Xing, Zuo Xia, Guan Feng Zhang, Jin Song Liu, and Xing Jia Yao. "Hybrid Energy Storage System to Stabilize the Power Fluctuation of Wind Power." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.487.

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Since distributed power generation equipment such as wind power contain electric power fluctuation connected into the power grid, hybrid energy storage (HESS) equipment for power compensation is used to solve the problems of reliability and operation of the utility power grid. Constant power control and Fuzzy-Rules-based control of AC-DC and BESS is proposed for smoothing the random wind power fluctuations, considering the operating constraints of the HESS, such as state of charge (SOC) and wind power (Pout). The simulation is accomplished by using a 9MW wind farm and the HESS in Matlab, The results show that by the proposed control methods of the bi-directional DC-DC converter and the DC-AC converter, the energy storage system can smooth the wind power outputs and provide reactive power support to the grid.

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Cherkaoui, Nazha, Abdelaziz Belfqih, Faissal El Mariami, Jamal Boukherouaa, and Abdelmajid Berdai. "Optimal location and reactive power injection of wind farms and SVC’s units using voltage indices and PSO." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3407-3414.

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<p class="Default">Nowadays, the use of the wind energy has known an important increase because it is clean and cheap. However, many technical issues could occur due to the integration of wind power plants into power grids. As a result, many countries have published grid code requirements that new installed wind turbines have to satisfy in order to facilitate its intergration to electrical networks. Among those requirements, the wind farms must be able to participate to ancillary services for instance voltage regulation and reactive power control. Nevertheless, in case of small wind farms having not the necessary reactive power capability to contribute to reactive power support, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices could also be used to participate to reactive power support. In this paper, an optimization method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is presented. This method allows getting the optimal location and reactive power injection of both wind power plants (WPP) and synchronous var compensators (SVC) with the objective to improve the voltage profile and to minimize the active power losses. The IEEE 14 bus system and a 20 MW wind farm based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) are used to validate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results are analysed and compared.</p>

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Huang, Jin, Ziqiang Wu, Zhihao Dong, and Yang Zhu. "Photovoltaic Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Voltage and Reactive Power Support." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 366 (June 2018): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/366/1/012014.

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Samir, Ammar, Mohamed Taha, Mahmud Muhammad Sayed, and Ahmed Ibrahim. "Efficient PV-grid system integration with PV-voltage-source converter reactive power support." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0877.

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Tang, Fan, Li Jie Ding, Hua Zhang, and Biao Wang. "Impact Analysis of Excitation System Reactive Current Compensation on the Stability of Sichuan Power Grid." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.735.

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Heffron-Philips model including excitation reactive current compensation (RCC) is set up, impact analysis of RCC on the stability of power system is carried out by theoretical analysis and time domain simulation. Analysis results show that positive RCC increases damping torque while reduces synchronous torque; negative compensation increases synchronizing torque while reduces damping torque, and this phenomenon is more obvious in heavy load. Combined with the actual situation in Sichuan power grid, the role of negative RCC to increase transient stability and provide dynamic reactive power for emergency HVDC power support is analyzed, also negative RCC's influence on the damping characteristics in Sichuan power grid is evaluated.

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Cruz-Velázquez, U., V. Cárdenas, I. Yepez-Lopez, M. González, and R. Alvarez-Salas. "Operation Strategy for Photovoltaic Inverters with Microgrid Support Commuting from Grid-Feeding to Grid-Forming." Memorias del Congreso Nacional de Control Automático 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.58571/cnca.amca.2022.048.

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This work proposes an operation strategy for a single-phase photovoltaic inverter to have the capability to change its operation mode from a feeding to a forming converter within an electrical microgrid. In addition, the proposed system provides AC mains support functions through reactive power injection during fault conditions. The IEEE 1547-2018 standard is taken as a basis, which considers the need to provide support in the event of low/high voltage variations, outside the normal operating limits. To meet some of the control objectives, a passivity-based control (PBC) is used. In order to validate the operating conditions and AC mains support functions some simulations are carried out.

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Igbinovia, Famous, Ghaeth Fandi, Ibrahim Ahmad, Zdenek Muller, and Josef Tlusty. "Modeling and Simulation of the Anticipated Effects of the Synchronous Condenser on an Electric-Power Network with Participating Wind Plants." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 4834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124834.

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Installing a synchronous condenser (SC) onto an electricity grid can assist in the areas of reactive power needs, short-circuit strength, and, consequently, system inertia and guarantees better dynamic voltage recovery. This paper summarizes the practical potential of the synchronous condenser coordinated in an electric-power network with participating wind plants to supply reactive power compensation and injection of active power at their point of common coupling; it provides a systematic assessment method for simulating and analyzing the anticipated effects of the synchronous condenser on a power network with participating wind plants. A 33-kV power line has been used as a case study. The results indicate that the effect of the adopted synchronous condenser solution model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment provides reactive power, enhances voltage stability, and minimizes power losses, while the wind power plants provide active power support with given practical grid rules.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grid reactive power support'

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