Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Grid reactive power support'
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Eiriksson, Eysteinn. "Distribution grid capacity for reactive power support." Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221829.
Full textDet moderna kraftsystemet förandras snabbara än vad som hade förväntats för 20 årsedan. Fler och fler konventionella kraftverk kommer att stängas till fördel för distributionsgenering.Detta händer nu med trenden att introducera förnybara energikällor tillkraftsystemet.Nätverket utformades för att överföra kraft från generatorer som är anslutna till högspänningsnätetmot konsumenter anslutna till lågspänningsnätet. Med ändrad kraftblandningkommer strömflödena i systemet att förändras vilket resulterar i eventuella nätproblem.Ett av huvudproblemen är att hålla spänningen inom operativa gränser för systemet.När generationen överstiger förbrukningen i ett distributionsnät, kommer strömmen attströmma från lågspänningsnätet till högspänningsnätet vilket kommer att leda till attspänningen stiger i lågspänningsnätet. Reaktivt kraftstöd från distributionsgenering kanvara en värdefull resurs för att mildra problemet. Reaktiv effekt är nödvändig för att drivaelsystemet. Huvudkällan för reaktiv kraft är synkrona generatorer. Om den här källanstängs av måste den reaktiva effekten komma från en annan källa.Denna avhandling undersöker om distributionsgenering skulle kunna användas för attstödja reaktiv kraft till högspänningsöverföringsnätet för att styra spänningen. För dettaändamål studeras ett distributionssystem som ligger nära Worms, Tyskland. Detta distributionssystembestår av två MV-matare med med mycket distributionsgenerering, främstsolceller men även vindturbiner. Förbruknings- och generationsmätningsdata tillhandahöllsav den lokala distributionssystemoperatören. Några reaktiva effektstyrningsmetoderintroduceras och testas på detta system. Av resultaten dras slutsatsen att detär möjligt att tillhandahålla reaktivt kraftstöd från distributionsnät och en spänningsberoendereaktiv effektstyrning kan användas för detta ändamål.
Johnson, Benjamin Anders. "Modeling and Analysis of a PV Grid-Tied Smart Inverter's Support Functions." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/994.
Full textSamadi, Afshin. "Large Scale Solar Power Integration in Distribution Grids : PV Modelling, Voltage Support and Aggregation Studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154602.
Full textThe Doctoral Degrees issued upon completion of the programme are issued by Comillas Pontifical University, Delft University of Technology and KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The invested degrees are official in Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. QC 20141028
Zhang, Weiyi. "Control of grid connected power converters with grid support functionalities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456312.
Full textLos convertidores de potencia conectados a la red actúan comúnmente como interfaz entre plantas de generación basadas en energía renovable y la red eléctrica, permitiendo así el procesado de energía eólica y fotovoltaica y su inyección a red. El control de estos convertidores conectados a la red ha sido objeto de estudio en las últimas décadas, ya que su comportamiento y prestaciones influye de forma determinante tanto en la calidad de la red eléctrica, así como en el cumplimiento de los requisitos de conexión a la red fijados por los códigos de red. Junto con la expansión de las plantas de generación de energía renovable, su impacto en el sistema eléctrico ha crecido también, lo cual ha hecho que se lleven a cabo muchos trabajos de investigación orientados a armonizar la penetración de renovables con la estabilidad de la red. Con los sistemas de control actuales la capacidad de regulación de la red disminuye tanto como la proporción de la generación renovable aumenta. En las redes eléctricas del futuro, se espera que los convertidores de potencia, que actúan como interfaz, exploten sus posibilidades de cómputo y control permitiendo mejorar la interacción de la generación renovable con la red. En este contexto los controles de tipo “droop control”, los cuales son ampliamente utilizados en sistemas de generación tradicionales, se pueden aplicar a los convertidores conectados a red para habilitar funciones de soporte de red, ya que estos contribuyen al control de tensión y frecuencia primaria ajustando el intercambio de potencia activo y reactiva de forma proporcional a la desviación de la frecuencia y magnitud de la tensión en el punto de conexión. En el caso de regulación de frecuencia, y para que este sea bidireccional, el convertidor puede interactuar con la red con la ayuda de sistemas de almacenamiento de energía. Sin embargo, la inclusión del “droop control” no conlleva una solución global. Incluso si se ajusta de forma óptima y se dispone de reserva de energía, aún hay cuestiones como la respuesta inercial que no se pueden dar con este tipo de control. La generación en los sistemas tradicionales se lleva a cabo principalmente por generadores síncronos. Comparados con estos, los convertidores conectados a la red difieren principalmente en la falta de la característica electromecánica. En consecuencia, la estática y la dinámica de las unidades de generación de energía renovable son diferentes en comparación con los generadores síncronos. La dinámica de estos convertidores es altamente dependiente de los sistemas de sincronización (PLL), cuyo comportamiento se degrada en condiciones de red adversas o distorsionadas. Además, el control de potencia normalmente depende control de potencia instantáneo. Debido a las diferentes dinámicas, la inercia total en la red no aumenta junto con la integración de las energías renovables. Sin embargo, los códigos de red han incluido requerimientos tales como “inercia sintética" en los requisitos. Otras deficiencias del control del convertidor convencional incluyen el rendimiento inferior bajo condiciones de avería de red, en conexión de red débil y conexión de red de relación X / R baja. Esta tesis doctoral estudia y valida el control de los convertidores conectados a la red con funcionalidades de soporte de red. El objetivo general del trabajo es mejorar las características de interacción de la red de las plantas de generación de energía renovable mediante la especificación de los convertidores conectados a la red con características de la máquina síncrona emulada y mejorada. La tesis ha aportado contribuciones o ha mostrado originalidades en los siguientes aspectos: Un enfoque de ajuste de bucle de control de corriente interno generalizado; Diseño detallado y validación de la admisión virtual para convertidores conectados a la red; Diseño detallado y validación del circuito de control de potencia para la emulación de inercia y amortiguación.
Wang, Zhongkui. "Reactive Power Control and Optimization of Large Scale Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems in the Smart Grid." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388764166.
Full textNylander, Gabriel. "Compensating the Changing Reactive Power in the Medium-Voltage Grid in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286340.
Full textEn markant minskning i induktiv reaktiv effekt har noterats från mellanspänningsnätet för flera elnätsföretag i Europa det senaste decenniet. Vad denna minskning beror på är okänt. Ett av dessa elnätsföretag är Ellevio AB som har sätt en markant minskning i induktiv reaktiv effekt från sina fördelningsstationer i Stockholm. Denna minskning har lett till att de kondensatorbatterier som används för att kompensera den induktiva lasten med kapacitiv reaktiv effekt används i en allt lägre utsräckning. Det här examensarbetet har undersökt vad som kan ligga bakom minskning i induktiv reaktiv effekt samt hur VAr-kompensering ska utföras i framtiden när lasten blir allt mer kapacitiv. De resultat som erhållits från examensarbetet tyder på att minskningen i induktiv reaktiv effekt kan attribueras till ett flertal olika teknologiska förändringar som har skett genom åren. De kan delas upp i tre kategorier: belysning, motorer samt elektroniska laster. Belysningsteknologi har gått från att vara resistiv och induktiv till att idag vara kapacitiv. Detta beror på att glödlampor och belysningsarmaturer med induktiva driftdon har ersatts med belysningsarmaturer med elektroniska driftdon samt LED-lampor. Laster från motorer har även förändrats. Frekvensomriktare som bland annat används till pumpar och fläktar används i allt större utstäckning och leder till att den induktiva lasten från induktionsmotorer istället ses som en kapacitiv last från nätets sida. Det har även skett förändringar i vilka enfasmotorer som används i vardagen. Kylskåp har gått från att historiskt vara en stor induktiv last till att idag ha en effekfaktor nära 1. Samtidigt som de induktiva lasterna har försvunnit har andelen av elektriciteten som konsumeras av elektronik ökat markant vilket har lett till att dagens hushåll oftast generar reaktiv effekt. En optimal storlek på kondensatorbatterierna togs fram för alla fördelningsstationer i Stockholm för tre olika fall. Det första fallet är när kondensatorbatterierna enbart ska kompensera den induktiva lasten från lägre ner i nätet. Det andra fallet kompenserades även den induktiva lasten från transformatorerna som finns installerade i fördelningsstationerna. Till sist undersöktes även hur storleken på kondensatorbatteriena kan optimeras om det inträffar ett fel på en transformator som leder till att lasten från den transformator där det förekommit ett fel överföras till de andra transformatorerna som finns installerade i fördelningsstationen. Dessutom undersöktes om den reaktiva effektkompenseringen från kondensatorbatterierna kan optimeras genom att flytta kompenseringen från 11kV-sidan på fördelningsstationerna till 33kV-sidan på tryckpunktsstationerna. Resultaten visar att kompenseringen av kapacitiv reaktiv effekt kan kontrolleras på ett mer effektivt sätt från tryckpunktstationerna med färre antal till och från kopplingar från kondensatorbatterierna
ARAUJO, MARCELO DE MELO. "REACTIVE POWER SUPPORT COST ALLOCATION METHOD BASED ON CIRCUIT LAWS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10511@1.
Full textCom a implantação do novo modelo econômico nos sistemas de potência, a justa remuneração das empresas provedoras de serviços ancilares tem se tornado um assunto grande importância. O suporte de potência reativa, por se tratar também de um serviço ancilar, está inserido neste contexto. Desta forma, a factível identificação dos agentes beneficiários pelo suporte, bem como as proporções deste beneficiamento podem implicar em um mecanismo viável de remuneração para os custos de cada fonte provedora. Este trabalho apresenta um método de alocação de custos pelo suporte de potência reativa baseado nos princípios fundamentais da teoria de circuitos elétricos, buscando determinar a contribuição de potência reativa de cada fonte para cada barra de carga. Para isto, é sugerida uma modelagem de fontes de tensão, que permite levar em conta a natureza local da relação Q-V, proporcionando uma abordagem simples e clara do problema. Complementarmente é apresentado um método de alocação das perdas reativas em cada ramo de transmissão entre as fontes provedoras de potência reativa. Para validar o método proposto, são realizados testes em sistemas de potência de pequeno e médio porte, apresentado as parcelas de contribuição de cada fonte de potência reativa para cada carga, e adicionalmente para as perdas reativas em cada ramo de transmissão. Comparações são estabelecidas com um método existente, onde é constatado que o método proposto apresenta maior coerência com as propriedades elétricas dos sistemas de potência, destacando-se a verificação clara da natureza local do consumo de potência reativa. Em relação aos resultados da alocação de perdas reativas, verifica-se que o método serve como indicativo sobre o uso da rede de transmissão por parte de cada fonte de potência reativa.
After implantation of power systems` new economic model, a fair remuneration strategy of ancillary services suppliers had became an important issue. Reactive power support is also an ancillary service, thus, it belongs to this context. Then, identification of service beneficiaries as well as the benefit proportions may take a feasible remuneration mechanism for each source. This work presents a reactive power support cost allocation method based on fundamental principles of circuit theory, where reactive power contribution from each source to each load is calculated. This method suggests a modeling of voltage sources, which takes into account the Q-V relationship, providing a simple and clear treatment of the problem. Additionally, a reactive loss allocation method to each branch is presented. To validate the proposed method, tests with small and medium size systems are realized. So, there are presented results of reactive power demand and transmission losses allocation into systems` sources. Comparisons with an existent method are established, when we can verify that the proposed method brings more coherence with the electrical properties of power systems and the local nature of reactive power consumption. In the other hand, results of reactive losses allocation can indicate the transmission network usage by each reactive power source.
Omole, Adedamola. "Voltage Stability Impact of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Systems Utilizing Dynamic Reactive Power Control." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3615.
Full textPilgrim, J. D. "Genetic algorithms for optimal reactive power compensation planning on the national grid system." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631723.
Full textTomaszewski, Michal. "Reactive power management capabilities of Swedish sub-transmission and medium voltage level grid." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240411.
Full textHogre genomslagskraft av förnyelsebara energikällor i elnäteten är bådeen utmaning och möjlighet för att optimalt kunna utnyttja potentialen av vindkraft och PV källor, med avseende på att stabilisera driften av framtida elkraftsystem. Tvåvägsflöden mellan distributionoch transmissionsoperatörer orsakar betydande problem att hålla spänningen i nätet inom tillåtna gränsvärden.Denna uppsats innehåller en beskrivning av Ö lands mellanoch lågspänningsnät,på 0.4 kV till 130 kV i syftet att utföra en kvasistatisk analys av aktiva och reaktiva effektflöden i systemet. Målet med analysen är att optimera det reaktiva effektutbytet i kopplingspunkten med fastlandets nät. I det analyserade systemet, finns det en enorm potential på 190% genomslagskraft av vindkraft. Kapaciteten på vindkraftsparker kopplade till medtagna samlingsskenor i systemet uppgår till 136,1 MW, som tillgodoser upp till 90.5 MW last. Med industrimässigt begränsad reaktiv effektkapabilitet, uppgår vindkraftsparkernas bidrag till nästan 66 MVAr, vilken möjliggör kompensation för underskott och överskott av reaktiv effekt i nätet. Det presenterade systemet är kopplat till fastlandet genom en kopplingspunkt, där fastlandet är simulerat som en Thevenin ekvivalent. Huvudsakliga målet med denna uppsats är att testa och analysera gångbara lösningar för att minimera det reaktiva effektutbytet vid kopplingspunkten i Stävlö, som kopplar ihop Ö land med resterande nät i Sverige, samtidigt som alla nödvändiga villkor enligt nuvarande nätkoder i Sverige bibehålls, liksom termiska gränser för ledningarna och spanningsgränser för systemet. Ytterligare beskrivs den bästa tillgängliga tekniken som finns idag för reaktiv effektkompensation, och de mest lovande teknikerna för att effektivt och verkningsfullt kontrollera reaktiva effektflöden. Droop-kontroll-metodologier, med fokus på globala och lokala tillämpningar, och smarta nät-möjligheter testas och modelleras av författarna och presenterar djupgående i detta arbete. Dessutom jämförs ekonomiska kostnader för olika kontrollmetoder. Analyser av aktiva effektförluster i systemet samt kostnader för implementation av alternativa lösningar presenteras, där de flesta gångbara losningar behandlas, och ger en överskådlig bild av framtida perspektiv och utmaningar i elkraftsystemet. Det visas att vindturbiners kontroll av reaktiv effekt, kan förbättra driften av elnäten, genom att minimera det reaktiva effektflödesutbytet i gränsen mellan distributionoch transmissionsoperatörers nät. Ytterligare pekar resultat på att extra understöd av reaktiv effekt från vindturbiner kan leda till förminskning av aktiva förluster i systemet. Det presenterade systemet modelleras i mjukvaruprogrammet PSS/E dedikerat för elkraftsingenjörer med hjälp av Python. Analys av data gjordes antingen i Pythoneller R-relaterade miljöer. Detta arbete har gjorts tillsam-mans med KTH och E.ON Energidistribution AB.
Fonkwe, Fongang Edwin. "Reactive power support capability of flyback microinverter with pseudo-dc link." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101794.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-102).
The flyback micro-inverter with a pseudo-dc link has traditionally been used for injecting only active power in to the power distribution network. In this thesis, a new approach will be proposed to control the micro-inverter to supply reactive power to the grid which is important for grid voltage support. Circuit models and mathematical analyses are developed to explain underlying issues such as harmonic distortion, and power losses, which can limit the reactive power support capability. A novel current decoupling circuit is proposed to effectively mitigate zero crossing distortion. Simulations and experimental results are provided to support the theoretical propositions.
by Edwin Fonkwe Fongang.
S.M.
Kraiczy, Markus [Verfasser]. "Reactive power grid adequacy studies for distribution grids with high distributed generation / Markus Kraiczy." Kassel : kassel university press c/o Universität Kassel - Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232212032/34.
Full textHinz, Fabian. "Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Provision in a Decentralizing Energy System." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-229585.
Full textSiniscalchi, Minna Sara. "Advanced wind farm control strategies for enhancing grid support." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669244.
Full textHoy en día, existe una significativa preocupación entre los Operadores de Sistemas de Transmisión sobre la cresciente penetración de le energía eólica y la tendiente eliminación de las centrales eléctricas convencionales que implica la disminución de la inercia del sistema eléctrico. Operando adecuadamente los parques eólicos, la generación eólica puede mejorar la estabilidad de la red eléctrica y garantizar la seguridad y un continuo suministro de energía. Esta tesis doctoral propone nuevas estrategias para diseñar controladores basados en optimización dinámica para parques eólicos y mejorar la participación de los parques eólicos en el soporte de la red eléctrica. En primer lugar, esta tesis doctoral presenta los enfoques clásicos para el control de parques y turbinas eólicas y cómo los conceptos de control existentes pueden ser explotados para hacer frente a los nuevos desafíos que se esperan de los parques eólicos. Esta tesis doctoral asigna un interés especial a cómo formular la función objetivo de que la reserva de potencia sea maximizada, para ayudar por el suporte de frequencia, y al mismo tiempo seguir la potencia demandada por la red. Sin embargo, el impacto de la estela de viento generada por una turbina sobre otras turbinas necesita ser minimizado para mejorar la reserva de potencia. Por lo tanto, a lo largo de esta tesis se proponen estrategias de control centralizado para parques eólicos enfocadas en distribuir óptimamente la energía entre las turbinas para que el impacto negativo de la estela en la reserva de potencia total se reduzca. Se discuten dos técnicas de control para proporcionar los objetivos de control mencionados anteriormente. Un algoritmo de control óptimo para encontrar la mejor distribución de potencia entre las turbinas en el parque mientras se resuelve un problema iterativo de programación lineal. En segundo lugar, se utiliza la técnica de control predictivo basada en modelo para resolver un problema de control multi-objetivo que también podría incluir, junto con la maximización de reserva de potencia, otros objetivos de control, tales como la minimización de las perdidas eléctricas en los cables de la red de interconexión entre turbinas y un controlador/supervisor. Además, la investigación realizada resalta la capacidad de las estrategias de control propuestas en esta tesis para proporcionar mayor reserva de potencia respecto a los conceptos comúnmente usados para distribuir la potencia total del parque eólico. La idea principal detrás del diseño de una estrategia de control de parques eólico es de encontrar una solución óptima dentro de un cálculo computacional relativamente bajo. Aunque los controladores centralizados propuestos en esta tesis reaccionan rápidamente a los cambios en la potencia de referencia enviada desde el controlador, algunos problemas pueden ocurrir cuando se consideran parques eólicos de gran escala debido a los retrasos existentes por el viento entre turbinas. Bajo estas circunstancias, la producción de energía de cada turbina está altamente acoplada con la propagación de la estela y, por ende, con las condiciones de funcionamiento de las otras turbinas. Esta tesis doctoral propone un esquema de control de parques eólicos no centralizados basado en una estrategia de partición para dividir el parque eólico en sub-conjuntos independientes de turbinas. Con la estrategia de control propuesta, el tiempo de cálculo se reduce adecuadamente en comparación con la estrategia de control centralizado mientras que el rendimiento en la distribución óptima de potencia es ligeramente afectado. El rendimiento de todas las estrategias de control propuestas en esta tesis se prueba con un simulador de parque eólico que modela el comportamiento dinámico del efecto de estela mediante el uso de un conocido y consolidado modelo dinámico de estela y, para un análisis más realista, algunas simulaciones se realizan con software avanzado basado en la técnica de Large Eddy Simulation.
Boulanger, Isabelle. "Lillgrund Wind Farm Modelling and Reactive Power Control." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119256.
Full textAndersson, Robin. "Electric power quality in low voltage grid : Office buildings and rural substation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28441.
Full textChen, Linwei. "Distribution network supports for transmission system reactive power management." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/distribution-network-supports-for-transmission-system-reactive-power-management(abcc8197-fd85-478b-b91a-fd3d0b3220db).html.
Full textPark, Sung Yeul. "A Wide Range and Precise Active and Reactive Power Flow Controller for Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28645.
Full textPh. D.
Martin, Almenta Macarena. "Domestic refrigeration load participation for grid support in power systems with high wind penetrations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707826.
Full textBadran, Ahmad. "Integrating Wind Power into The Electric Grid : Predictive Current Control Implementation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99640.
Full textGarg, Aditie. "Designing Reactive Power Control Rules for Smart Inverters using Machine Learning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83558.
Full textMaster of Science
Back, Erik. "A new DC-DC converter technology suitable to support grid connection of wave power energy converter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182937.
Full textSpies, Andries Theodorus. "An investigation into the grid compliance of the slip synchronous permanent magnet wind generator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80075.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The slip synchronous permanent magnet generator (SSG) is a direct-driven direct-grid connected generator developed to alleviate the need for expensive gearboxes and solid-state power converters on wind turbine generators. This study identifies certain key areas where the current wind turbine generator (WTG) system does not comply with the grid code for wind energy facilities (WEF) as specified by the National Energy Regulator of South Africa. The current WTG system does not have a reactive power compensation device. The main focus in this study is the development of an on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformer to control the terminal voltage of the generator. By controlling the terminal voltage of the generator the excitation-mode of the SSG can be changed allowing for control over the reactive power output of the SSG. An OLTC transformer utilising a solid-state assisted mechanical diverter circuit is built and tested to determine the viability of using an OLTC as a reactive power control device. Practical test results show that the OLTC can successfully control the terminal voltage of the SSG without interrupting the load current. The required accuracy regarding power factor control capability was not met due to the large change in reactive power output per tap change operation. A method of using small shunt capacitor banks to provide additional reactive power in between consecutive tap changes is evaluated in simulation. Simulation results show that the addition of these small shunt capacitor banks dramatically improves the reactive power control accuracy. Additionally the grid code specifies that a WEF must have the ability to curtail the active power output during frequency disturbances. The effects of frequency disturbances on the SSG output is simulated and it was found that the SSG will comply with the minimum connection requirements as specified in the grid code. A method of using an IGBT switched DC load to limit the active power output of the WEF is developed and simulated. From the simulation results it was found that the proposed active power curtailment device will meet the minimum power curtailment response time requirements as specified in the grid code.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die glip sinchroon permanente magneet generator (SSG) is ʼn direkte dryf, direkte netwerk gekoppelde wind generator wat ontwikkel is om behoefte aan duur ratkaste en drywing elektroniese omsetters te verlig. Hierdie studie identifiseer sekere sleutel areas waar die huidige wind generator opstelling nie aan die netwerk kode spesifikasie soos uiteengesit deur die Nasionale Energie Reguleerder van Suid-Afrika voldoen nie. Die wind turbine generator stelsel beskik nie oor ʼn reaktiewe drywing beheer meganisme nie. Die belangrikste fokus in hierdie studie is die ontwikkeling van ʼn transformator tap wisselaar wat gebruik sal word om die generator se terminale spanning te beheer. Deur die terminaal spanning te beheer kan die opwekking modus van die generator verander word om dan die uittree reaktiewe drywing te beheer. ʼn Tap wisselaar wat gebruik maak van ʼn drywingelektronies gesteunde meganiese skakelaar is ontwikkel en getoets om die lewensvatbaarheid van die tegniek te ondersoek. Praktiese toets resultate toon dat die tap wisselaar suksesvol beheer oor die generator se terminaal spanning kon uitvoer, sonder om die las-stroom te onderbreuk. Ongelukkig is die vereiste akkuraatheid ten opsigte van die reaktiewe drywing beheer nie gehaal nie. Die rede hiervoor is dat die verandering in uittree reaktiewe drywing baie groot is vir opeenvolgende tap verstellings. ʼn Metode waar twee klein kapasitor banke geskakel word om reaktiewe drywing te lewer, tussen opeenvolgende tap veranderinge, is deur middel van simulasie ondersoek. Die simulasie resultate toon aan dat die toevoeging van die kapasitors ʼn drastiese verbetering in die beheerbaarheid van die uittree reaktiewe drywing het. Verder spesifiseer die netwerk kode ook dat ʼn wind plaas oor die vermoë moet beskik om die aktiewe drywing te verminder tydens ʼn netwerk frekwensie versteuring. Die effek wat ʼn frekwensie versteuring op die SSG het, is deur middel van simulasie ondersoek en daar is gevind dat die SSG aan die netwerk verbinding spesifikasie sal voldoen. ʼn Metode waarby ʼn IGBT geskakelde GS las gebruik word om die aktiewe drywing van die wind generator te beperk is ondersoek en gesimuleer. Vanaf die simulasie resultate is daar gevind dat die drywing beperkings toestel aan die minimum drywing en reaksie tyd spesifikasies soos vereis sal voldoen.
Perera, Sam Prasanna Kurukulasuriya, and Sumith Ruwan Dharmasiri Kachchakaduge. "SMART VAR Generator to Manage Grid Voltage Stability issue of Low Frequency Switching Photovoltaic Inverters." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20595.
Full textFan, Zaiming. "Investigation on smart bi-directional inverter with quantitative reactive power compensation and interleaved DC/DC converter for micro-grid system." Thesis, University of Cumbria, 2016. http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/3326/.
Full textMohseni, Mansour. "Enhanced control of DFIG-based wind power plants to comply with the international grid codes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1878.
Full textRo, Kyoungsoo. "Two-Loop Controller for Maximizing Performance of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Plant." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30378.
Full textPh. D.
Waseem, Irfan. "Impacts of Distributed Generation on the Residential Distribution Network Operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36394.
Full textMaster of Science
Moghadasiriseh, Amirhasan. "Analysis and Modeling of Advanced Power Control and Protection Requirements for Integrating Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2469.
Full textKapidou, Alexandra. "Application for Wind Farm Integration Complying with the Grid Code by Designing an Outer Control Strategy for the Converter." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187686.
Full textDen ständigt ökande penetrationen av vindenergi i elnätet väcker farhågor om elkvalitet och stabil drift av kraftsystemet. Nätkoden (Grid Code) ger strikta riktlinjer för en vindkraftsparks beteende i felfall och under onormala driftsförhållanden.Huvudsyftet med detta projekt är att använda en STATCOM för integration av vindkraftsparker så att nätkoden uppfylls. I detta projekt utformas en yttre reglerstrategi för omriktaren för att reglera spänningen vid anslutningspunkten för vindkraftsparken genom att tillhandahålla reaktiv effektkompensering. Därigenom uppnås en säker drift av nätet eftersom vindkraftparken kommer att följa nätkoden.Den befintliga nätkoden kräver endast styrning av plusföljdskomponenten av strömmen. Denna studie försöker undersöka om detta är tillräckligt samt undersöka möjligheten för att utvidga nätkoden genom att införa ett krav på styrning av negativ-sekvens ström. Resultaten stöder det sistnämnda förslaget. Även användningen av halvledarkomponenter av kiselkarbid-SiC studerades i detta projekt.
Shen, Ming. "Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Grid Integration System : A Case Study for Performance." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/945.
Full textGuo, Yue. "Capability assessment of VAr support and demand response to transmission network using flexible tap changing techniques in distribution networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/capability-assessment-of-var-support-and-demand-response-to-transmission-network-using-flexible-tap-changing-techniques-in-distribution-networks(5a373163-d2c9-4e13-9720-0c4fa0456c3f).html.
Full textForsmark, Anders, and Tim Sidemark. "Anslutning av vindkraft till ett svagt nät i Tidaholm." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för elektro- och automationsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4148.
Full textГейруш, Гергей Гаврилович, and Herhei Heirush. "Забезпечення ефективності системи електропостачання виробництва покрівельного прокату в ТОВ «Євро-прокат»." Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, кафедра електричної інженерії,Тернопіль, Україна, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/36670.
Full textУ кваліфікаційній роботі розроблена модернізація ефективної системи електропостачання підприємства з технологією виробництва покрівельного прокату. Проаналізований технологічний процес порошкового фарбування листового металопрокату. Розраховані електричні навантаження силової та освітлювальної мереж, струми короткого замикання; проведений вибір ефективних перерізів кабельно–провідникової продукції. Проведений розрахунок ефективного схемо–технічного рішення електромережі підприємства з дворівневим розміщенням установок компенсації реактивної потужності.
In the qualification work the modernization of the efficient power supply system of the enterprise with the technology of roofing production is developed. The technological process of powder coating of rolled sheet metal is analyzed. Electrical loads of power and lighting networks, short-circuit currents; the choice of effective cross-sections of cable-conductor products is calculated. The calculation of the effective circuit-technical solution of the power grid of the enterprise with two-level placement of reactive power compensation units is carried out.
ВСТУП ... 6 1 АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ РОЗДІЛ ... 9 1.1 Аналіз енергетичної ефективності систем електропостачання .... 9 1.2 Аналіз методів дослідження ефективності систем електропостачання промислових підприємств ... 12 1.3 Аналіз технологічного процесу порошкового фарбування листового металопрокату ... 14 1.4 Автоматичний пристрій регенерації порошкової фарби ... 18 1.5 Аналіз енергетичних переваг застосування полімерних порошкових покриттів ... 21 1.6 Загальна характеристика електроприймачів ... 23 1.7 Загальна характеристика електроспоживання підприємства ... 24 1.8 Вибір схеми електропостачання ... 24 1.9 Висновки до розділу ... 25 2 РОЗРАХУНКОВО–ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ ... 26 2.1 Загальна характеристика потужностей основного виробництва.. . 26 2.2 Розрахунок електричних навантажень основного виробництва ... 27 2.3 Розрахунок центрів електричних навантажень ... 28 2.4 Визначення розрахункових навантажень виробничого обладнання ... 30 2.5 Розрахунок електричного освітлення виробничих дільниць ... 33 2.6 Розрахунок навантаження щитка освітлення ... 35 2.7 Розрахунок потужності розподільчих пристроїв ... 35 2.8 Розрахунок навантаження силового трансформатора ... 36 2.9 Схемо-технічні рішення ефективних електромереж промислових підприємств ... 37 2.10 Висновки до розділу ... 44 3 ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ ... 46 3.1 Вибір захисної апаратури електромережі підприємства ... 46 3.2 Проєктне рішення ... 49 3.3 Розрахунок максимальних струмів кіл навантаження силового трансформатора ... 50 3.4 Вибір компенсувальних пристроїв реактивної потужності ... 54 3.5 Вибір площі перерізу проводів і жил кабелів ... 56 3.6 Кабельний журнал ... 58 3.7 Перевірка струмовідних частин на термічну стійкість ... 59 3.8 Релейний захист трансформаторів підстанції ... 60 3.9 Висновки до розділу ... 60 4 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ ... 61 4.1 Аналіз і заходи з усунення шкідливих факторів виробництва фарбованого покрівельного прокату ... 61 4.2 Електробезпека на виробництві. Технічні засоби електробезпеки ... 64 4.3 Стійкість виробництва фарбованого металопрокату в умовах дії надзвичайних ситуацій ... 66 4.4 Вимоги щодо улаштування системи електрозабезпечення виробництва у надзвичайних ситуаціях ... 67 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ... 69 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ ... 71
Stefopoulos, Georgios Konstantinos. "Quadratic power system modeling and simulation with application to voltage recovery and optimal allocation of VAr support." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29695.
Full textCommittee Chair: Meliopoulos, A. P. Sakis; Committee Member: Deng, Shijie; Committee Member: Divan, Deepakraj; Committee Member: Harley, Ronald; Committee Member: Taylor, David. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Hudji, Muadh. "Analys av elnät för begränsning av reaktiv effekt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396215.
Full textYstad Energy is responsible for the power grid in Ystad municipality. With increasing demand for electricity, society has become more vulnerable. Therefore, authorities and electricity suppliers always work to ensure safe and secure electricity supply. Variations in energy demand and climate change put the electrical system in a difficult situation regarding electricity supply safety. Ystad Energy has noted that the power grid has high values of reactive power over a part of year, which may affect the losses and system operating conditions in both local and regional networks. Therefore, this work focuses on performing reactive power analysis in the power cables located between the high voltage substations and the low voltage substations, i.e. in the 10.7 kV level of the distribution network. All overhead lines in Ystad municipality are already buried in the ground to reduce line faults in the system due to weather and other influences. The data collection from Ystad Energy shows that the reactive power input increases most during the summer. Underground cables are considered an important cause that contributes to reactive power input in an electrical system. Data collection also shows significant variations in energy consumption between the winter and summer months, where energy consumption is much lower in the summer due to the climate and human habits. Therefore, this leads to a voltage increase in the mains that can further lead to a capacitive reactive power generation. In the project, an analysis of the power grid has been performed, considering the current grid topology. Simulations of different scenarios with production plants, such as wind power, which can affect the power flow in the network, are also carried out. It was proved that the reactive power in the grid is produced by the underground cables. The report also presents some possible solutions that may be appropriate to reduce the reactive power in the network.
Silwal, Hari. "MULTISTEP FRAMEWORK FOR SHORT-TERM LOAD FORECASTING USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2312.
Full textBenedito, Ricardo da Silva. "Análise de um mecanismo de compensação de reativos incorporado aos inversores de um sistema fotovoltaico conectado à rede elétrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-16122014-000110/.
Full textIn Brazil, when a consumer unit (CU) under a distributed microgeneration or minigeneration scheme has part or all of its demand for active power supplied by the generating plant, but its demand for reactive power is served exclusively by the grid, the power factor of this CU appears deteriorated, from the perspective of the utility. This effect is due to the fact the power factor, according to the current regulations, is determined only from measurements of the flows of active and reactive power exchanged between the UC and the grid and not also between the generating plant and UC. Users of group A (supply voltage equal to or greater than 2.3 kV) in this situation, according to the CU load profile, may be charged due the reactive power excess, thus constituting a barrier. Specifically in the case of grid-connected photovoltaic systems, there is the possibility of using the d.c.- a.c. inverters to suply the CU reactive power demand and, thus, minimizing the presented problem. In order to evaluate this alternative in the Brazilian context, keeping in view real operating conditions and regulatory limits for the reactive power injection for photovoltaic inverters, we conducted a case study with a photovoltaic plant installed on the roof of the University of São Paulo Institute for Energy and Environment administration building. The study showed that the compensation performed by the selected inverter prevented the reactive power excess charging without affecting significantly the photovoltaic system productivity. From an electrical point of view, it was found that the injection of reactive power by the inverter did not cause significant voltage variations at the coupling point or at the transformer and, additionally, there was a significant release in the utility suply system capacity. Thus, the analysis results indicates a tendency to consider the compensation provided by the inverter itself the most viable option for dealing with the surplus of reactive power compared to conventional compensation methods or to the situation in which no compensatory action is implemented.
Koziel, Sylvie Evelyne. "From data collection to electric grid performance : How can data analytics support asset management decisions for an efficient transition toward smart grids?" Licentiate thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292323.
Full textQC 20210330
Al-Saedi, Waleed Abood Baddai. "Optimal Control of Power Quality in Microgrids Using Particle Swarm Optimisation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/611.
Full textSousa, Thales. "Valoração do fornecimento de serviços ancilares a partir de usinas hidroelétricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-07122006-144442/.
Full textThe present study proposes valuation methodologies for the spinning reserve and for the reactive power support regarding hydroelectric plants. Initially, a revision describing what was defined and regulated on these services in different energy markets is presented. In order to valuate the spinning reserve service, the measurement of efficiency losses stemming from this service supply was done. Thereafter, the efficiency losses were converted into MWh and related to the opportunity loss, in case this energy was commercialized in the energy market. As for the reactive power support valuation, the Optimal Power Flow was used. The objective was to minimize the system losses and relate such a minimization to the reactive power support. Subsequently, methodologies for the reactive power support costs and for the cost allocation among the responsible buses for additional requirement of this support are also presented. Various tests to validate and verify the above mentioned methodologies were carried out.
Costa, Jean Patric da. "Contribuição ao estudo do gerador de indução duplamente alimentado: operação durante distúrbios na rede elétrica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3665.
Full textThe Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is one of the most frequently deployed large grid connected Wind Turbines (WT) concept. The implementation of classical vector control techniques, have been proven to work well for considering the initial grid code requirements. However, recently many grid operators are requiring WT to remain connected during grid faults, resulting in low voltage fault ride through capability (LVRT). In addition, it is required for WTs to contribute with reactive support during the fault. As a result, the improvements of the transient behavior of the DFIG, the power converter protection and the controller design have become a challenge for WT manufactures. This work presents a high performance stationary frame non-linear controller for doubly fed induction generator, which improves the steady state and transient behavior of the grid connected wind turbines especially under unbalance voltage dips resulting from network unbalance faults. A controller design procedure that guarantees the DFIG stability under uncertainties and disturbances at grid side is presented in details. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in the thesis that with the proposed controller different goals such as control of grid side active and reactive power, minimization of torque pulsation under unbalance operation and improvement of the low voltage ride through capability can be easily achieved. Simulations and experimental results are given to illustrate the good performance of a grid connected DFIG with the proposed controller.
Turbinas eólicas modernas que utilizam o Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado (GIDA) são amplamente empregadas para geração de energia elétrica. Essa grande parcela de aero-geradores baseados na tecnologia GIDA e técnicas de controle vetorial clássicas já comprovaram ao longo dos últimos anos que este conceito apresenta méritos e foi capaz de satisfazer requisitos de conexão de turbinas eólicas com a rede elétrica inicialmente elaborados. No entanto, atualmente, os operadores do sistema estão revisando os códigos de rede em muitos países, introduzindo novos requisitos e estreitando os limites definidos inicialmente. Basicamente, os geradores eólicos estão assumindo maiores responsabilidades no sistema de potência. A capacidade de sobrevivência e suporte de reativos durante afundamentos de tensão, introduzidos nos novos códigos de rede, tornaram-se os maiores desafios para os fabricantes de aero-geradores com tecnologia GIDA. Essa tese de doutorado tem como principal objetivo desenvolver estratégias de controle para melhorar o desempenho dinâmico do Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado conectado a rede elétrica frente aos requisitos de sobrevivência aos afundamentos de tensão no Ponto de Conexão (PC). Para isso, essa tese propõe um controlador não linear de alto desempenho baseado em modos deslizantes para o controle do GIDA em eixos estacionários. O controlador proposto melhora o comportamento transitório do GIDA principalmente durante distúrbios na tensão no PC. O projeto do controlador é desenvolvido de forma a garantir a estabilidade do GIDA conectado à rede elétrica mesmo considerando incertezas associadas ao modelo nominal. Outras características do controlador proposto, além da robustez, são a sua simplicidade de implementação e a sua excelente resposta transitória. Ainda, dois modos de operação são propostos para geração de referência do GIDA, MODO 1 para operação em condições normais da tensão da rede elétrica, MODO 2 com uma metodologia para o cálculo das referências de corrente de forma a dar suporte de reativos durante faltas próximas ao PC. O comportamento dinâmico do sistema e o desempenho da estratégia de controle são verificadas através de simulações e também experimentalmente.
El, achkar Maria. "Contribution au Dimensionnement et à la Commande d’un Générateur de type Cascade de Machines Asynchrones à Double Alimentation." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0814/document.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the power sizing and the control of a Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator (CDFIG). The machine model for simulation is based on a modular representation, derived from the Park model of two distinct Doubly Fed Induction Machines expressed in their own reference frames. The dynamic model of the cascaded machine is then extended to be described in a unified reference frame. This representation is convenient for the sizing of the machine and for the design of the controller. The steady state power operating margins of the cascaded machine are investigated. A generic analytic method is suggested to derive the active-reactive power domain. The limit curves are defined in terms of the rated quantities of the machine. The study takes into account the magnetic circuit saturation effect. It is proven that the power capability of the machine is determined by the stator current maximum values and is subject to several limitations. The analytical approach is tested and validated by experimental measurements. The CDFIG is controlled in grid-connected and standalone operation modes. In grid-connected application, the attention is paid to high power wind generation systems. A new maximum power tracking of a variable speed wind turbine is suggested. The generating plant is carried to provide a quasi-constant maximum power regardless wind fluctuations. In addition to active power optimization the power factor is adjusted according to the grid code requirements and the operating domain of the integrated unit. A virtual flux oriented vector control is applied for the decoupled regulation of active and reactive powers, leading to grid voltage sensorless operation. In standalone operating mode, the study treats in particular the embedded aircraft power system generation. Two distribution networks are considered: constant frequency AC network and DC network. In both cases, the control aims to maintain a constant output voltage. The operation of the CDFIG supplying unbalanced three-phase load is further explored. Control schemes to cope with unbalanced stator voltage conditions are developed. Two compensation methods are elaborated: the first dealing with dual rotating frames and the second is based on repetitive controller. Simulations with Matlab/Simulink software and experiments validate the control approaches
Dallmer-Zerbe, Kilian. "Probabilistische Modellierung dezentraler Energieanlagen und Sekundärtechnik für die Verteilnetzplanung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227470.
Full textDevelopment of distributed energy units such as photovoltaic systems affects grid states significantly. It is uncertain, where and to what extent the development of these units is carried out in the future. It is now up to the distribution system operator to cope with todays grid challenges and to update grid planning and control for the future. A statistical method is developed, which incorporates quasi-stationary modeled ”smart grid” solutions such as reactive power controllers and on-load tap-changers. Uncertainties such as location, size and power profiles of energy systems are integrated into the grid model by sampling. This method is known as probabilistic load flow and is evaluated by quality measures at low combinations. Examples on probabilistic grid planning of different grid topologies are presented
Alves, Marcos Gutierrez [UNESP]. "Sistema de geração distribuída fotovoltaica com acumulação, controle da injeção de potências ativa e reativa, com capacidade de operação conectada e ilhada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151952.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Frente aos novos desafios impostos ao cenário energético mundial, esta tese de doutorado implementa e analisa uma micro-rede de geração distribuída (GD), com acumulação e capacidade de operação conectada ou desconectada da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica (RDEE). A energia é fornecida à RDEE através de seis inversores monofásicos, constituindo uma rede trifásica, sendo três deles com capacidade de operação ilhada e conectada, e outros três com características de fonte de corrente que podem injetar energia de forma controlada, ativa ou reativa, no ponto de conexão comum (PCC). Através do sistema de acumulação com baterias do tipo chumbo-ácido, também é possível que o sistema minimize o consumo de energia da RDEE, mesmo quando não há energia solar, extraindo potência das baterias. Tendo em vista que a quase totalidade dos inversores utilizados em um sistema de GD fornecem somente potência ativa, ou trabalhem com fator de potência fixo, este trabalho também implementa o controle dinâmico de P e Q na micro-rede, atuando como compensador de tensão no PCC e promovendo melhorias na qualidade da energia elétrica. A micro-rede é gerenciada por um programa desenvolvido para o controle de todos os dispositivos essenciais presentes na GD, incluindo controle da carga e descarga do sistema de acumulação, controle dos contatores de conexão de todo o sistema, e controle do firmware dos inversores conectados, permitindo total liberdade de gestão da energia disponível, resultando numa importante ferramenta acadêmica de aprendizagem. Adicionalmente, a planta de GD é monitorada por meio de um programa de aquisição de dados do fluxo de energia elétrica que flui entre a GD e a RDEE, armazenando os dados relevantes em um banco de dados de informações para análises em longo prazo. É apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica para o cenário energético mundial e no Brasil, além das configurações de micro-rede com GD mais utilizadas no setor atualmente. O diagrama geral da micro-rede com GD é exposto, com descrição de cada equipamento e dimensionamento das fontes de energia solar. Finalmente, resultados experimentais e estruturas dos códigos são apresentados e discutidos.
Considering the new challenges imposed in the energetic scenario around the world, this PhD thesis implements and analyzes a micro-grid of Distributed Generation (DG) plant with accumulation and capability of operation connected or islanded from the electric power distribution grid. The system will supply power to the utility grid and local loads through six single-phase inverters, constituting a three-phase system, among which three are with capability to operate in islanded and connected mode, and the other three single-phase inverters with current source characteristic that can inject active or reactive power in a controlled manner at the point of common coupling (PCC). Through the accumulation system with lead-acid batteries technology, it is also possible that the system minimizes the utility grid consumption, though without solar energy. Given that most of the available inverters for DG are designed only to provide active power or to operate with a fixed power factor, this work, in the meantime, implements the dynamic control of the supplied active and reactive power (P and Q) in micro-grid, acting as a voltage compensator at the PCC to improve the quality of electric power. The micro-grid is managed by software designed to control and communicate with all essential devices in DG, including control of charge and discharge of the accumulation system, control of the whole system connection contactors, and the firmware control of grid connected inverters, which allow a wide control over the available energy and provide a significant academic studying platform. In addition, the energy flow between the DG and the utility grid is monitored through a power quality monitoring device, which is capable to send daily reports by email. In this way, a program was developed to store and recover all the relevant data in a database for the long-term analysis, compiling the results for easy interpretation. A literature review is presented for the world energy scenario, with more focus in Brazil, besides the micro-grid configurations with DG most used in the sector currently. This work also shows the general diagram of the micro-grid with DG describing the equipment and dimensioning the solar energy sources. Finally, it demonstrates and discusses experimental results and code structures.
Alves, Marcos Gutierrez. "Sistema de geração distribuída fotovoltaica com acumulação, controle da injeção de potências ativa e reativa, com capacidade de operação conectada e ilhada /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151952.
Full textResumo: Frente aos novos desafios impostos ao cenário energético mundial, esta tese de doutorado implementa e analisa uma micro-rede de geração distribuída (GD), com acumulação e capacidade de operação conectada ou desconectada da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica (RDEE). A energia é fornecida à RDEE através de seis inversores monofásicos, constituindo uma rede trifásica, sendo três deles com capacidade de operação ilhada e conectada, e outros três com características de fonte de corrente que podem injetar energia de forma controlada, ativa ou reativa, no ponto de conexão comum (PCC). Através do sistema de acumulação com baterias do tipo chumbo-ácido, também é possível que o sistema minimize o consumo de energia da RDEE, mesmo quando não há energia solar, extraindo potência das baterias. Tendo em vista que a quase totalidade dos inversores utilizados em um sistema de GD fornecem somente potência ativa, ou trabalhem com fator de potência fixo, este trabalho também implementa o controle dinâmico de P e Q na micro-rede, atuando como compensador de tensão no PCC e promovendo melhorias na qualidade da energia elétrica. A micro-rede é gerenciada por um programa desenvolvido para o controle de todos os dispositivos essenciais presentes na GD, incluindo controle da carga e descarga do sistema de acumulação, controle dos contatores de conexão de todo o sistema, e controle do firmware dos inversores conectados, permitindo total liberdade de gestão da energia disponível, resultando numa ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Considering the new challenges imposed in the energetic scenario around the world, this PhD thesis implements and analyzes a micro-grid of Distributed Generation (DG) plant with accumulation and capability of operation connected or islanded from the electric power distribution grid. The system will supply power to the utility grid and local loads through six single-phase inverters, constituting a three-phase system, among which three are with capability to operate in islanded and connected mode, and the other three single-phase inverters with current source characteristic that can inject active or reactive power in a controlled manner at the point of common coupling (PCC). Through the accumulation system with lead-acid batteries technology, it is also possible that the system minimizes the utility grid consumption, though without solar energy. Given that most of the available inverters for DG are designed only to provide active power or to operate with a fixed power factor, this work, in the meantime, implements the dynamic control of the supplied active and reactive power (P and Q) in micro-grid, acting as a voltage compensator at the PCC to improve the quality of electric power. The micro-grid is managed by software designed to control and communicate with all essential devices in DG, including control of charge and discharge of the accumulation system, control of the whole system connection contactors, and the firmware control of grid connected inverters, which allow a wid... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Möst, Dominik, and Peter Schegner. "Energiewende Sachsen – Aktuelle Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze: Beiträge der Abschlusskonferenz des ENERSAX-Projektes." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28425.
Full textMoger, Tukaram. "Reactive Power Planning And Operation of Power Systems with Wind Farms for Voltage Stability Improvement." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2674.
Full textHuang, Yung-Hao, and 黃勇豪. "Diesel Generator Grid-Connected Digital Controller with Reactive Power Compensation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44946607627249342961.
Full text國立彰化師範大學
電機工程學系
102
This thesis proposes a diesel generator grid connection digital controller with reactive power compensation. The proposed system is mainly constructed by a digital signal processor dsPIC30F4011, a frequency/phase measurement circuit, a voltage measurement circuit, an active power measurement circuit, a reactive power measurement circuit, an excitation regulators drive circuit, an electronic valve drive circuit and an electromagnetic switch drive circuit to achieve the functions of grid connected, active power control and reactive power compensation. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented and installed a 15kW diesel generator for testing to verify the feasibility. Experimental results show that the proposed system can really achieves functions of grid connected, active power control and reactive power compensation.
Lin, Chi-Hsiang, and 林吉祥. "Active and Reactive Power Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Microgrid." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4cj43b.
Full text國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
105
This thesis investigates the active/reactive power control strategies for a grid-connected microgrid to let the photovoltaic (PV) system more flexible in operation and control through power electronics. It is to refer to the voltage level of the microgrid in the Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. The grid-connected microgrid is established by the Matlab/Simulink, which includes PV system, smart inverter, battery energy storage system (BESS) and LCL filter. It is connected to the utility through the distributed transformer. Finally, the results present that the PV array is kept at the maximum power point by the maximum power point trakers. The smart Inverter has active/reactive power control function. The BESS stabilizes DC voltage and absorbs or releases the PV power to promote the power generation efficiency of PV and reliability of system. The LCL Filter effectly reduces the total harmonic distortion of current (ITHD).