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Journal articles on the topic 'Grid layout'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

He, Sheng, Yu Pan, Quan Fa Zhou, Bing Zhou, Dan Chen, and Guo Bin Liang. "Time Complexity Analyses on Fast Grid Layout Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 442 (January 2012): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.442.436.

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To analyze and visualize biological networks are hot in bioinformatics. Fast grid layout is a new highly efficient visualization algorithm that has advantages in generating compact layouts with biologically comprehensible modules of biochemical networks. The time complexity analyses are very important to visualization algorithm research. In this paper, we estimated analytically the time complexity of fast grid layout in detail. Experiment results for biological networks of different sizes testified the estimate. Compared with original grid layout, we also discussed the main reasons of ensuring good performance of fast grid layout.

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ISHIBASHI, Ken, and Kazunori MIYATA. "Interactive Grid Layout Generation System." Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering 13, no. 1 (2014): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/jjske.13.7.

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Jacobs, Charles, Wilmot Li, Evan Schrier, David Bargeron, and David Salesin. "Adaptive grid-based document layout." ACM Transactions on Graphics 22, no. 3 (July 2003): 838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/882262.882353.

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Othman, Sumaia Ibrahim, and Noor Aimran Samsudin. "THE EFFECT OF RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT DESIGN ON NEIGHBOURHOOD RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN JOHOR BAHRU." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 6, no. 26 (December 1, 2021): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.626020.

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In Malaysia, typically, the grid system of terrace houses layout has been dominated by landed housing in the property market for many years. The grid system of residential layout may offer more units to be built up by the developers. This situation may lead to fewer open spaces, playgrounds, and other recreational facilities in a strategic location within the neighbourhood schemes. Adopting some residential layout patterns may influence activities, frequency, interest, time, place, and route while doing their recreational activities. A study related to residential layout mainly focuses on building orientation, building design, privacy, safety, traffic calming, and social relation; however, a limited number of studies examine the effect of neighbourhood design on dwellers’ recreational activities routine and pattern. This paper aims to assess the relationship between residential layout design and its impact on dwellers’ recreational activities in well-planned landed neighbourhood schemes. Using observation, two (2) different residential layouts in Johor Bahru were selected as the study area, namely Taman Mutiara Rini (Presint Bakti), for the grid housing schemes and Taman Nong Chik Height for the innovative honeycomb layout. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings in this paper proposed recreational activities in the residential layout may be influenced by several design factors. The design of neighbourhood and outdoor open spaces, for example, played an essential role in residents’ evaluation of the various recreational activities. This study concludes that residential neighbourhoods design, including buildings and the neighbouring environment, significantly impacts people's ability to participate in neighbourhood recreational activities. Based on this research’s findings, residential layouts’ design in both study areas influenced local dwellers’ recreational activities types behaviour and preferred route through outdoor space arrangement.

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Abdulrahman, Mamdouh, and David Wood. "Wind Farm Layout Upgrade Optimization." Energies 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132465.

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The problem of optimally increasing the size of existing wind farms has not been investigated in the literature. In this paper, a proposed wind farm layout upgrade by adding different (in type and/or hub height) commercial turbines to an existing farm is introduced and optimized. Three proposed upgraded layouts are considered: internal grid, external grid, and external unstructured. The manufacturer’s power curve and a general representation for thrust coefficient are used in power and wake calculations, respectively. A simple field-based model is implemented and both offshore and onshore conditions are considered. A genetic algorithm is used for the optimization. The trade-off range between energy production and cost of energy is investigated by considering three objective functions, individually: (1) annual energy production; (2) cost of added energy; and (3) cost of total energy. The proposed upgraded layouts are determined for the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm. The results showed a wide range of suitable upgrade scenarios depending on the upgraded layout and the optimization objective. The farm energy production is increased by 190–336% with a corresponding increase in the total cost by 147–720%. The external upgrade offers more energy production but with much more cost. The unstructured layouts showed clear superiority over the grid ones by providing much lower cost of energy.

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Supariyani, Emmy, and Bintang Sahala Marpaung. "Pengaruh Tata Letak Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Ritel." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v1i1.251.

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Layout of a store is very influential to customers’ convenience in shopping. Store layout is defined as setting the selling and non-selling, path, display shelf, placement of goods and tools connected each other that unite in a structure.This study is done to find out and get a clear picture concerning the effect of grid line layout to customers’ satisfaction of foodmart Ekalokasari Bogor. This study is also to know the average value and the relationship closeness between grid line layout and customers’ satisfaction at Foodmart Ekalokasari bogor. The result of this research shows that customers’ perception on grid line layout at Foodmart Ekalokasari Bogor nowadays is good; by using average analysis (performance – importance), it’s gotten the performance average value is 4223. While the importance average value is 4132 where the table of scale range of average analysis is good. Based on the research conducted, it can be known that grid line layout contributes 42,9% to customers’ satisfaction at Foodmart Ekalokasari Bogor. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that grid line layout at Foodmart Ekalokasari Bogor has influence towards cutomers’ satisfaction. This can be proved based on the contribution of grid line layout towards customers’ satisfaction at Foodmart Ekalokasari Bogor. Keywords: grid line layout; customers’ satisfaction, retailers

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Musiaka, Łukasz, and Marta Nalej. "Application of GIS Tools in the Measurement Analysis of Urban Spatial Layouts Using the Square Grid Method." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080558.

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The principal aim of this paper is to present the capabilities of newly developed GIS tools for measurement analysis of urban spatial layouts, using the square grid method. The study of urban morphology and metrology is a multistage process, which involves the metrological analysis of town plans. The main research step is the determination of measurement modules of town layouts, using the square grid. By using GIS software, the authors developed a new tool, named HGIS Tools, which allow to create any number of modular grids with the selected cell size that corresponds to urban units of distance and surface area. When investigating a large number of towns and cities, this offers a significant improvement of the research procedure. The paper presents a test of the tool’s potential on the example of regular medieval towns from the area of the former Teutonic Order state (currently the territory of Poland), diversified in terms of size, genesis and morphometrics. The obtained results confirmed that HGIS Tools allowed to determine the hypothetical measurement module of the layout of the cities studied. The results were consistent with the analyses of other authors carried out with the traditional grid-square methods. The test of the HGIS Tools showed their significant potential in conducting morphometric analyses of spatial arrangements of urban spatial layout on a larger scale.

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Vaswani, Gaurav. "Grid Layout - A Fluid Web Framer." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 3, no. 1 (2015): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150158.

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Rajasingh, Indra, Micheal Arockiaraj, Jasintha Quadras, and Arul Jeya Shalini. "Linear Layout of Directed Grid Graph." Mathematics in Computer Science 9, no. 2 (May 7, 2015): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11786-015-0228-y.

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LITMAN, AMI. "EXPOSED LAYOUTS OF THE BUTTERFLY NETWORK." Journal of Interconnection Networks 02, no. 02 (June 2001): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265901000348.

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This work studies layouts of the Butterfly network under the restriction that its input and output verticles are exposed, that is, are placed on the boundary of the grid. Avior et al. have shown that the minimal area of a layout of the n-input Butterfly, without the above restriction, is (1 + o(1))n2). The effect of this restriction on the area was left as an open question. This paper reveals that exposing the input and output vertices is essentially free. That is, it presents an exposed layout of the Butterfly having the same area as above. In this layout, the fractions of the input and output vertices assigned to each side of the grid are as follows when scanning the sides in a circular fashion: half of the inputs, half of the outputs, half of the inputs, and half of the outputs. We refer to such a layout as a [Formula: see text]-layout. The main technique employed in this layout is the reduction of the layout problem of the Butterfly to a certain layout problem of a complete bipartite graph. We use the same technique to produce a (I, 0, O, 0)-layout (inputs on one side and outputs on the opposite side) in area 2 + o(1))n2. Finally, we show that the area of a [Formula: see text]-layout is greater than [Formula: see text]. Hence, this input-output configuration is more area-demanding than [Formula: see text].

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Chivers, Daniel, and Peter Rodgers. "Improving Search-Based Schematic Layout by Parameter Manipulation." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 06 (August 2015): 961–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015500138.

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This paper reports on a method to improve the automated layout of schematic diagrams by widening the search space examined by the system. In search-based layout methods there are typically a number of parameters that control the search algorithm which do not affect the fitness function, but nevertheless have an impact on the final layout. We explore how varying three parameters (grid spacing, the starting distance of allowed node movement and the number of iterations) affects the resultant diagram in a hill-climbing layout system. Using an iterative process, we produce diagram layouts that are significantly better than those produced by ad-hoc parameter settings.

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TAMASSIA, ROBERTO, IOANNIS G. TOLLIS, and JEFFREY SCOTT VITTER. "A Parallel Algorithm for Planar Orthogonal Grid Drawings." Parallel Processing Letters 10, no. 01 (March 2000): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626400000147.

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In this paper we consider the problem of constructing planar orthogonal grid drawings (or more simply, layouts) of graphs, with the goal of minimizing the number of bends along the edges. We present optimal parallel algorithms that construct graph layouts with O(n) maximum edge length, O(n2) area, and at most 2n+4 bends (for biconnected graphs) and 2.4n+2 bends (for simply connected graphs). All three of these quality measures for the layouts are optimal in the worst case for biconnected graphs. The algorithm runs on a CREW PRAM in O( log n) time with n/ log n processors, thus achieving optimal time and processor utilization. Applications include VLSI layout, graph drawing, and wireless communication.

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Morrill, Ruth. "A Dual-Grid System for Diorama Layout." Curator: The Museum Journal 39, no. 4 (December 1996): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.1996.tb01103.x.

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Eppstein, David, Marc van Kreveld, Bettina Speckmann, and Frank Staals. "Improved Grid Map Layout by Point Set Matching." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 25, no. 02 (June 2015): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195915500077.

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Associating the regions of a geographic subdivision with the cells of a grid is a basic operation that is used in various types of maps, like spatially ordered treemaps and Origin-Destination maps (OD maps). In these cases the regular shapes of the grid cells allow easy representation of extra information about the regions. The main challenge is to find an association that allows a user to find a region in the grid quickly. We call the representation of a set of regions as a grid a grid map. We introduce a new approach to solve the association problem for grid maps by formulating it as a point set matching problem: Given two sets [Formula: see text] (the centroids of the regions) and [Formula: see text] (the grid centres) of [Formula: see text] points in the plane, compute an optimal one-to-one matching between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We identify three optimisation criteria that are important for grid map layout: maximise the number of adjacencies in the grid that are also adjacencies of the regions, minimise the sum of the distances between matched points, and maximise the number of pairs of points in [Formula: see text] for which the matching preserves the directional relation (SW, NW, etc.). We consider matchings that minimise the [Formula: see text]-distance (Manhattan-distance), the ranked [Formula: see text]-distance, and the [Formula: see text]-distance, since one can expect that minimising distances implicitly helps to fulfill the other criteria. We present algorithms to compute such matchings and perform an experimental comparison that also includes a previous method to compute a grid map. The experiments show that our more global, matching-based algorithm outperforms previous, more local approaches with respect to all three optimisation criteria.

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Munteán, László. "Geometries of power: from Palmanova to the American grid." Moreana 43 (Number 166-, no. 2-3 (December 2006): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2006.43.2-3.11.

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The circle and the square are archetypal forms of city layouts. The various patterns and combinations of these forms also reflect on inherent power relations within the social network. I start this paper with the exploration of a peculiar example of the circular layout, the fortified city of Palmanova which, in many ways, epitomizes Renaissance conceptions of ideal city planning. With the help of Michel Foucault’s Panopticon-theory, as well as Kevin Lynch’s principles on legible urban form. I trace implications of the geometric patterns of Palmanova and compare the “perfection” of its forms to plans of “ideal cities” in America. From the Puritan settlements of New England that combine circular and grid based structures I move on to explore manifestations of the Roman and the Greek-inspired grids and attempt to apply Foucault’s formulae of surveillance so as to gain insight into the power-mechanisms involved in the various layouts.

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Liu, Zhi Yu, Zhong Li Yang, and Ai Peng Pan. "Study on the Optimal Layout of Distributed Generations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1654.

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Distributed Generation (DG) plays a more and more important role in the power system.When it is in the grid-connected mode,it has a great influence for security and stability of power systems.In order to determine the best position of DG when it is grid-connected,firstly,analyze the the steady of the system to define the candidates of DGs that will be grid-connected,then select some operation indicators to assess the power system using Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP),finally decide the best position of DG. Modeling and simulation work are carried out in BPA,and the detailed steps of decision-making are given. The results show that the location of DG determined by this method of the paper can guarantee the security and stability of power systems and make grid in the optimal operation.

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DINITZ, YEFIM, SHIMON EVEN, and MARIA ZAPOLOTSKY. "A COMPACT LAYOUT OF THE BUTTERFLY." Journal of Interconnection Networks 04, no. 01 (March 2003): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265903000738.

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For the Butterfly of N input/output vertices we present a layout on the rectilinear (square) grid of area ½N2 + o(N2). A lower bound of the same order is proved. The encompassing rectangle which defines the area is 45° slanted w.r.t. the grid axes and the input/output vertices are not on the boundary of this rectangle. The layout is component-scalable, i.e., if one allocates for each switch a square of a × a area, the layout remains of area ½N2 + o(N2); that is, the value of a affects only the o(N2) term. The layout is also free of knock-knees.

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Lo Franco, Francesco, Antonio Morandi, Pietro Raboni, and Gabriele Grandi. "Efficiency Comparison of DC and AC Coupling Solutions for Large-Scale PV+BESS Power Plants." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 4823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164823.

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In large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants, the integration of a battery energy storage system (BESS) permits a more flexible operation, allowing the plant to support grid stability. In hybrid PV+BESS plants, the storage system can be integrated by using different power conversion system (PCS) layouts and different charge–discharge strategies. In the AC-coupling layout, the BESS is connected to the ac-side of the system through an additional inverter. In the DC-coupling layout, the BESS is connected to the dc-side, with or without a dedicated dc–dc converter, and no additional inverter is needed. Referring to a 288 MWp PV plant with a 275 MWh BESS, this paper compares the PCS efficiency between AC- and DC-coupling solutions. The power injected into the grid is obtained considering providing primary power-frequency regulation services. A charging and discharging strategy of the BESS is proposed to ensure cyclic battery energy shifting. The power flows in the different components of the system that are obtained under realistic operating conditions, and total energy losses and annual average efficiency are calculated accordingly. Finally, results show a higher efficiency of DC-coupling compared to the AC-coupling layout.

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Jin-Fuw Lee and D. T. Tang. "VLSI Layout Compaction with Grid and Mixed Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 6, no. 5 (September 1987): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.1987.1270333.

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Marcou, G., D. Horvath, and A. Varnek. "Neighboring Structure Visualization on a Grid-based Layout." Molecular Informatics 36, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 1700047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/minf.201700047.

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Shiripour, Morteza, Niraj Ramesh Dayama, and Antti Oulasvirta. "Grid-based Genetic Operators for Graphical Layout Generation." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, EICS (May 27, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461730.

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Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have gained primacy among the means of interacting with computing systems, thanks to the way they leverage human perceptual and motor capabilities. However, the design of GUIs has mostly been a manual activity. To design a GUI, the designer must select its visual, spatial, textual, and interaction properties such that the combination strikes a balance among the relevant human factors. While emerging computational-design techniques have addressed some problems related to grid layouts, no general approach has been proposed that can also produce good and complete results covering color-related decisions and other nonlinear design objectives. Evolutionary algorithms are promising and demonstrate good handling of similar problems in other conditions, genetic operators, depending on how they are designed. But even these approaches struggle with elements' overlap and hence produce too many infeasible candidate solutions. This paper presents a new approach based on grid-based genetic operators demonstrated in a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) setting. The operators use grid lines for element positions in a novel manner to satisfy overlap-related constraints and intrinsically improve the alignment of elements. This approach can be used for crossovers and mutations. Its core benefit is that all the solutions generated satisfy the no-overlap requirement and represent well-formed layouts. The new operators permit using genetic algorithms for increasingly realistic task instances, responding to more design objectives than could be considered before. Specifically, we address grid quality, alignment, selection time, clutter minimization, saliency control, color harmony, and grouping of elements.

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Even, Shimon, and Roni Kupershtok. "Layout Area of the Hypercube." Journal of Interconnection Networks 04, no. 04 (December 2003): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265903000945.

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In this paper we study the square grid area required for laying out Hl, the Boolean hypercube of N=2l vertices. It is shown that this area is [Formula: see text]. We describe a layout which occupies this much area and prove that no layout of less area exists.

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Cai, Quan De, and Wei Xin Luan. "Micro Layout Research of Reclamation Area Based on Plane Grid Topology Formation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.29.

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The micro-layout research of the reclamation area involves many other areas and disciplines, occupies an important position in the coastal economic study. On the base of geometry theory, this paper puts the micro-layout of the reclamation area under the economic analysis within the formation of two-dimensional plane of the grid point topology. Here we take the Heishijiao coastal areas of Dalian as the example for micro layout of the reclamation area research within the two-dimensional plane variable framework, which is calculated by the Ising lattice model. For the better macroeconomic development in the area as the objective function, the maximum economic value will determine the optimal layout. The results show that, in coastal reclamation area it should not be paid too much notation to the width of the extension in the sea, and more reclamation area should be gathered to the city's prosperity zone reflected in the overall layout of layering.

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Lai, Lawrence WC, and Stephen NG Davies. "‘Surveying was a kind of writing on the land’: The economics of land division as town planning." Planning Theory 19, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095220912791.

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This article is about the economic role of the primaeval layouts (plats) for a new development area as a conscious act of physical planning. It explains that these foundational layouts of a town or country in the ‘new world’ were traditionally the work of a surveyor, the impacts of which have been lasting. Typically following a grid iron pattern, with roots in ancient history, the layout of the surveyor may not look attractive. Yet, it has stood the test of time and continued to condition modern development. It serves two significant economic functions. First, it reduces several types of transaction costs, namely, those of competition for land, valuation allocation, identification and subdivision of land as well as revising a layout. Second, it serves to achieve agglomeration, establish a proprietary and common setting and provide vital information as different forms of public good.

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홍영일. "A Study of Layout Application according to Grid Types." A Journal of Brand Design Association of Korea 12, no. 4 (December 2014): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18852/bdak.2014.12.4.245.

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SAKURAI, Kazuya, Noriaki NOMURA, Marin KATOV, and Kuniaki ITO. "A ROOM LAYOUT SYSTEM WITH HIERARCHICAL GRID GENERATION METHOD." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 69, no. 577 (2004): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.69.63_1.

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Zhang, Yaozhe, Jingchang Wang, Zhichao Chang, and Yi Zhang. "Experimental study on optimal layout of grid desilting gallery." Transactions of Tianjin University 15, no. 2 (April 2009): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-009-0023-4.

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Yoghourdjian, Vahan, Tim Dwyer, Graeme Gange, Steve Kieffer, Karsten Klein, and Kim Marriott. "High-Quality Ultra-Compact Grid Layout of Grouped Networks." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2467251.

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Rafailovich, A. S., and V. B. Shlishevskii. "Layout of a double grid monochromator with minimum aberrations." Journal of Optical Technology 72, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.72.000805.

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Eireiner, M., S. Henzler, J. Berthold, C. Pacha, G. Georgakos, and D. Schmitt-Landsiedel. "Timing violations due to <i>V<sub>DD</sub>/V<sub>SS</sub></i> bounce." Advances in Radio Science 4 (September 6, 2006): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-4-197-2006.

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Abstract. The effect of power supply noise in on-chip power grids and its implications on the path delay in digital circuits is examined. The simulation results show that IR-Drop and the resulting path delay are strongly affected by the layout of the circuit. Power grid design measures to reduce IR-Drop, as well as their area and performance implications are discussed.

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Chen, Zhe, Haiyun An, Ze Sun, Bingcheng Cen, and Si Li. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Smart Grid Development Level Under Electricity Market Layout." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185302013.

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The smart grid is the latest trend and complex scientific issue in the development of power systems in the world today. With the new round of power system reform and the deregulation of the power market, comprehensive and scientific evaluation of the development level of the smart grid plays an important role in achieving the overall goal of smart grid construction. This paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system from the aspects of safety and reliability, economy, intelligence level and sustainability of smart distribution network. Then the comprehensive evaluation model of AHPTOPSIS intelligent distribution network was established. Finally, an empirical study on the development level of smart distribution networks of four power companies in a province was carried out, and corresponding conclusions were drawn.

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Zhou, Jin. "An Integer Programming Model for the Grid Embedding Layout Design." Advanced Science Letters 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 1754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2013.4520.

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Bezrukov, S. L., J. D. Chavez, L. H. Harper, M. Röttger, and U. P. Schroeder. "The congestion of n-cube layout on a rectangular grid." Discrete Mathematics 213, no. 1-3 (February 2000): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(99)00162-4.

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Kojima, Kaname, Masao Nagasaki, and Satoru Miyano. "Fast grid layout algorithm for biological networks with sweep calculation." Bioinformatics 24, no. 12 (April 18, 2008): 1433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn196.

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Li, W., and H. Kurata. "A grid layout algorithm for automatic drawing of biochemical networks." Bioinformatics 21, no. 9 (January 27, 2005): 2036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti290.

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Matsuo, K., H. Nishida, Y. Yamada, and Y. Komura. "Layout of Conveyance Units by Mobile Robot Using Grid Lines." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2004 (2004): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2004.101_3.

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Numrich, Robert W. "F--: A Parallel Extension to Cray Fortran." Scientific Programming 6, no. 3 (1997): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/503896.

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F--is a parallel extension to Cray Fortran 77 for distributed memory computers. It adds exactly one new symbol to the language, a vertical line that separates two sets of indices. The first set contains the coordinates for data in a local data grid. The second set contains the coordinates for processors in a global processor grid. A statement such as x(i,j)=y(i,j| p,q) generates a load from remote address y(i,j) in the data grid on processor (p,q) followed by a store to local address x(i,j) in the local data grid. F--syntax requires an explicit statement of the relationship between data layout and processor layout. It assumes that good performance on a distributed memory computer requires the programmer to understand and to exploit data locality. Programmers use the F--syntax only when it is needed. 0therwise all data are local and all code is local. Compiler and library developers concentrate on generating well-optimized local code.

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Bayerl, Jeanne P., David R. Millen, and Steven H. Lewis. "Consistent Layout of Function Keys and Screen Labels Speeds User Responses." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 5 (October 1988): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200524.

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Personal-computer applications-software often requires people to navigate and select options using their keyboard's function keys where context-dependent meanings for these keys are assigned by guides or menus labeled on the screen. The physical layout of function keys on standard PC-compatible keyboards differs from the most common layouts of screen labels. This study examined user performance consequences of this simple, spatial, inconsistency. In a simulated order entry task, 36 participants each completed 240 trials, 40 with each of six different combinations of two keyboards and three screen guides with different spatial arrangements of function keys and screen labeling. One keyboard used the standard 5×2 function key pad and one used a single horizontal row of function keys; the screen guides were either a horizontal row, a vertical list, or a grid consistent with the standard key pad. We collected measures of response time, errors, and user preferences. Analysis of errors showed no reliable results. Analysis of response times showed several significant effects. Responses were faster with the two combinations of key pad and screen-guide layouts that were spatially consistent than with the four inconsistent layouts. Response times were also faster with the keyboard with horizontal function keys than with the standard layout, and slower with the vertical screen guide than with either of the other two guides. Over 80% of the participants thought the task was easiest when the screen guide matched the function key layout.

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Oyibo, Kiemute, and Julita Vassileva. "The Effect of Layout and Colour Temperature on the Perception of Tourism Websites for Mobile Devices." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti4010008.

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In e-commerce, the user interface design of a website is critical to its success. However, there is limited research on how colour and layout design elements influence the perception of e-commerce websites for mobile devices. To bridge this gap, we conducted an empirical study to investigate, how the layout of information and colour temperature of an e-commerce tourism website for mobile device influence essential Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) user experience (UX) design attributes and intention to use the website. The results of our Partial Least Square Path Modelling (PLSPM) showed that both interface design elements significantly influence perceived aesthetics, perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness and intention to use. Specifically, layout (list = 0 and grid = 1) positively influences perceived aesthetics and perceived enjoyment, while colour temperature negatively influences perceived usefulness and intention to use. The first finding suggests that in tourism website design for mobile devices, a grid layout of products and services provides a better hedonic user experience than a list layout. Moreover, the second finding suggests that cooler-temperature (blue and green) tourism websites are viewed by users as more useful than warmer-temperature (orange and red) tourism websites. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of website UX design for mobile devices in the tourism domain.

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Kojima, Kaname, Masao Nagasaki, and Satoru Miyano. "An efficient biological pathway layout algorithm combining grid-layout and spring embedder for complicated cellular location information." BMC Bioinformatics 11, no. 1 (2010): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-335.

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Sun, Xiao Song, An Ping Liu, Xiao Nan Sun, Wei Guo Tang, and Jian Ming Sun. "Study on the Relationship between Contamination Distribution and Sampling Density." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.179.

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Use some contaminated site (D-block) in Chongqing of China as the experiment site, this paper studies effects of different sampling density (layout grid spacing) on the contaminated area and determination of contaminated boundary in system layout method of environmental monitoring, and then discusses the relationship between sampling density and contaminated distribution in system layout method according to the experiment result. The experiment result indicates that: in a certain range, increase the sampling density, contamination distribution will be more accurate; too big sampling density is not practical; for the common sites with unknown or large-range contaminated distribution, 10m×10m is the recommended layout sampling density.

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Lei, Xu, Wang Rui, Yong Liu, and Li Jin. "The Effect of Woven Structures on the Vibration Characteristics of Glass Fabric/Epoxy Composite Plates." Defence Science Journal 61, no. 5 (August 30, 2011): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.296.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">We study the effects of woven structures on the dynamic mechanical properties and vibration properties of the fabric composites. Five typical weaving sets including the ordinary plain weaved and the warp interlocked were adopted in fabric processing. The composites plates with the same thickness were prepared by epoxy resin curing, and their fibre volume fractions were examined. Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and vibration test technique were used to reveal the dynamical behaviours of specimens in different frequencies of vibration. The storage modulus, the loss tangent, the natural frequency and damping ratio<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were obtained. The result showed that the woven structure have a strong effect on the fibre volume fraction, resin-rich area and the warp architectures of the composites, which determines the performances of the composites in vibration.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.499-504</strong><strong><strong>, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.296</strong></strong><br /></span></span></p>

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Raskin, Igor, and John Roorda. "In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Buckling of Triangulated Grids." International Journal of Space Structures 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119501000103.

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The stability of plane, triangulated, uniformly compressed grids with rigid nodes is considered. The lowest critical loads for grids of hexagonal, triangular and rhombic overall layout are calculated for the case of in-plane buckling and associated modes are obtained. The lower and upper bounds for these critical loads related to the behaviour of a single triangular cell are given. The connection between symmetry of the buckled configurations and the multiplicity of corresponding critical points is discussed and illustrated by the example of out-of-plane buckling of hexagonal grid.

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Asthararianty, Fanny Lesmana, and Yeremia Tulude Ambat. "Study of DI’s Way Daily Layout in Hermeneutics Viewed from its Layout Elements." Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v10i1.273.

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DI's Way is present as a new media in the world of print media. Print media originating from Surabaya, and for Surabaya residents. It looks like a magazine but is published every day, has a cover layout that is not like a magazine or newspaper. The cover design, in this case, especially the layout, has an aesthetic to determine the mass media, especially print, whether the media will sell or not. However, this daily is claimed to have many fans, both in its initial form, namely a website, to becoming a daily printed in color. This study uses a qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach to explore the impression of what the cover layout design shows that is not like a magazine or newspaper to Surabaya. The hermeneutic method is carried out by interpreting the data seen in the DI's way cover design, layout theory, and also matters related to Surabaya. This data mining is done by looking at the cover layout design in terms of the use of grids, margins, and also text and image elements. The results that can be seen are as a DI's way daily like a newspaper or newsletter that has a template for each edition with a cover layout showing the impression that the main interest of this media is to be able to tell important news to the City of Surabaya, by always using a large size for the main news photo and also for the text element (headline) but the arrangement can still be followed as a comfortable reading flow. A large portion seems to want to show the impression of the characteristics of the City of Surabaya as a city of heroes which has a great and passionate fighting spirit. Meanwhile, supporting news is placed below it according to the order of its news value, showing the impression of the vision that the City of Surabaya has in building a city that is more advanced from all aspects. In addition, grid management displays the impression of being a local mass media that is regularly reported in its media according to the identity of a daily media that has a news order position like an inverted pyramid.

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Batista, Eraldo Leme. "TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO: UM DEBATE NECESSÁRIO E URGENTE DIANTE DAS MUDANÇAS NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO." Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate 7, no. 2 (November 10, 2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/gmed.v7i2.13697.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">Resumo: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;">Neste artigo, analisamos as mudanças que ocorrem no mundo de trabalho, articulando com a discussão política e ideológica sobre a vinculação da escolarização como passaporte para o emprego. A partir de algumas considerações, apontamos os equívocos desta tese, principalmente quando analisamos categorias de trabalhadores com alto grau de escolarização e que foram fortemente atingidas com os processos de reestruturação em tempos neoliberais. Entendemos que esta vinculação direta, tem como estratégia, desviar o foco da crise do sistema capitalista e também do processo de reestruturações do capital, sempre visando maior acumulo de capital.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"> </p>

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King, Craig V., Romain Labas, and Christian Renaudin. "Using conjoint analysis to understand preference for online survey layout." International Journal of Market Research 61, no. 6 (September 3, 2019): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785319873249.

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This study seeks to determine what participants prefer when taking online surveys with regard to conjoint design (number of concepts per screen) and format for grid questions. Respondents were mixed on their preference for two versus three concepts per screen. However, importance scores for incentive amount and type reversed when taking a conjoint exercise with two concepts per screen versus three concepts per screen. Participants seemed to focus more on incentives when presented with three concepts per screen than when presented with two concepts per screen. This finding was not expected and implications are discussed. In addition, the use of radio buttons versus drop-down menus in grid style questions was also explored. Respondents preferred radio buttons, and the means (repeated measures) were higher for responses for radio buttons than drop-down menus.

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Wang, Longyan. "Comparative Study of Wind Turbine Placement Methods for Flat Wind Farm Layout Optimization with Irregular Boundary." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040639.

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For the exploitation of wind energy, planning/designing a wind farm plays a crucial role in the development of wind farm project, which must be implemented at an early stage, and has a vast influence on the stages of operation and control for wind farm development. As a step of the wind farm planning/designing, optimizing the wind turbine placements is an effective tool in increasing the power production of a wind farm leading to an increased financial return. In this paper, the optimization of an offshore wind farm with an irregular boundary is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of grid and coordinate wind farm design methods. In the study of the grid method, the effect of grid density on the layout optimization results is explored with 20 × 30 and 40 × 60 grid cells, and the means of coping with the irregular wind farm boundary using different wind farm design methods are developed in this paper. The results show that, depending on the number of installed wind turbines, a power output increase from 1% to 1.5% is achieved by increasing the grid density from 20 × 30 to 40 × 60. However, the computational time is more than doubled, rising from 23 h to 47 h with 40 wind turbines being optimized from the coarse grid cells to the densified grid cells. In comparison, the coordinate method is the best option for achieving the largest power increase of 1.5% to 2% (relative to the coarse 20 × 30 grid method), while the least computational time (21 h with 40 wind turbines optimized) is spent.

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Silva, Isabelli Fiorelli. "O sistema nacional de avaliação: caracteristicas, dispositivos legais e resultados." Estudos em Avaliação Educacional 21, no. 47 (December 30, 2010): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.18222/eae214720102457.

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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;"><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">No presente trabalho, objetiva-se, num primeiro momento, compreender e apresentar as</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">características e peculiaridades do sistema de avaliação nacional brasileiro. Num segundo</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">momento, a finalidade é refletir acerca da funcionalidade do sistema e de seus dispositivos</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">legais e técnicos na busca pela mensuração da qualidade do ensino no país. E, num terceiro</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">momento, serão apresentados dados do Saeb, de taxas de aprovação e do Ideb para tecermos</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">algumas reflexões, ainda que preliminares, acerca de seus resultados em 2005 e 2007. Percebese</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">a construção de um sistema avaliativo complexo com informações relevantes a respeito</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">do desempenho estudantil e do contexto intra e extraescolares. Entretanto, deve haver</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">parcimônia na utilização de seus resultados, pois podemos utilizá-los tanto como norteadores</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">no aprimoramento das políticas educacionais rumo à universalização da qualidade do ensino</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">como incorrer numa simplificação do significado da qualidade de ensino, vertendo para uma</span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">lógica meritocrática e, consequentemente, competitiva entre as unidades e redes de ensino</span></p> <p> </p></span></span>

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Chen, Xuan, Jian Zhang, and Zai Gui Yang. "Research on Optimal Layout of Rural-Urban Construction Land Used Based on GIS Spatial Treatment in Foshan." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3785.

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With the continuous acceleration of urbanization process in our country, the conflict between demand of urban-rural construction land and limitation of land resources in area with rapid economic development is becoming sharper. Therefore, the research for planning and layout of urban-rural construction land is particular important. This paper takes Foshan City, Guangdong Province as an example. With GIS spatial analysis, divide the researched area into grids of some standard dimensions (20 m×20 m) through setting a group of construction permission elements; calculate the construction permission index of each grid (evaluation unit) and determine the proper land construction degree of different grids (evaluation unit) according to size of construction permission index; define areas with different construction degrees and strengths hierarchically; establish the guide rules of construction permission for each area to realize the reasonable spatial layout of construction land, so as to arrange reasonable space for newly increased urban-rural construction land in general planning of land use, achieving economical and intensive land use.

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Kuswanto, Heri. "Analisis Prinsip Layout and Composition pada Web Design Perusahaan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk dan PT. FIF Group berdasarkan Buku “The Principle of Beautifull Website Design (2nd Edition) By Jason Beaird”." Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 2, no. 1 (May 8, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v2i1.14488.

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip desain web yang menarik berdasarkan buku “The Principle of The Beatiful Website Design (2nd edition) by Jason Beaird yang difokuskan pada prinsip Layout and Composition, sekaligus menjawab apakah perusahaan yang memiliki divisi IT menerapkan prinsip tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan studi kasus, dengan tujuh variabel yakni web page anatomy, grid theory, balance, unity, emphasis, fresh trend dan resizing: fixed, fluid, or responsive layouts. Kajian dilakukan dengan menganalisis dan membandingkan dua buah website perusahaan nasional dengan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa rancangan website lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor pandangan dari sisi kegunaan dan estetika.

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