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Journal articles on the topic 'Grey matter density'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lewis, Gwyn N., Karolina A. Wartolowska, Rosalind S. Parker, Sheena Sharma, David A. Rice, Michal Kluger, and Peter J. McNair. "A Higher Grey Matter Density in the Amygdala and Midbrain Is Associated with Persistent Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty." Pain Medicine 21, no. 12 (October 4, 2020): 3393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa227.

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Abstract Objective The development of persistent pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is common, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. The goal of the study was to assess brain grey matter structure and its correlation with function of the nociceptive system in people with good and poor outcomes following TKA. Subjects Thirty-one people with LOW_PAIN (<3/10 on the numerical ratings scale [NRS]) at six months following TKA and 15 people with HIGH_PAIN (≥3/10 on the NRS) were recruited into the study. Methods Grey matter in key brain areas related to nociception was analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Nociceptive facilitatory and inhibitory processes were evaluated using quantitative sensory testing (QST). QST scores and grey matter density in prespecified brain regions were compared between the LOW_PAIN and HIGH_PAIN groups. Regression analyses were used to analyze the associations between the grey matter and QST scores. Results There were no between-group differences in QST measures. In the VBM analysis, the HIGH_PAIN group had a higher grey matter density in the right amygdala, right nucleus accumbens, and in the periaqueductal grey (PAG), but lower grey matter density in the dorsal part of the left caudate nucleus. Grey matter density in the right amygdala and PAG correlated positively with temporal summation of pain. Conclusions Persistent pain at six months after TKA is associated with a higher grey matter density in the regions involved in central sensitization and pain-related fear, which may contribute to the development of persistent pain after surgery.

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Rao, Shuquan, Na Luo, Jing Sui, Qi Xu, and Fuquan Zhang. "Effect of the SIRT1 gene on regional cortical grey matter density in the Han Chinese population." British Journal of Psychiatry 216, no. 5 (December 20, 2018): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.270.

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BackgroundOur previous genome-wide association study (CONVERGE sample) identified significant association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the SIRT1 gene and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese populations.AimsTo investigate whether SNPs across the SIRT1 gene locus affect regional grey matter density in the Han Chinese population.MethodT1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 92 healthy participants from Eastern China. Grey matter was segmented from the image, which consisted of voxel-wise grey matter density. The effect of SIRT1 SNPs on grey matter density was determined by a multiple linear regression framework.ResultsSNP rs4746720 was significantly associated with grey matter density in two brain cortical regions: the orbital part of the right inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (family-wise error-corrected P < 0.05; voxel-wise P < 0.001). Also, rs4746720 exceeded genome-wide significance in association with MDD in our CONVERGE sample (P = 3.32 × 10−08, odds ratio 1.161).ConclusionsOur results provided evidence for a potential role of the SIRT1 gene in the brain, implying a possible pathophysiological mechanism underlying susceptibility to MDD.

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Kim, Jae-Jin, Myung Chul Lee, Jaeseok Kim, In Young Kim, Sun I. Kim, Moon Hee Han, Kee-Hyun Chang, and Jun Soo Kwon. "Grey matter abnormalities in obsessive–compulsive disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 179, no. 4 (October 2001): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.4.330.

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BackgroundAlthough a number of functional imaging studies are in agreement in suggesting orbitofrontal and subcortical hyperfunction in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), the structural findings have been contradictory.AimsTo investigate grey matter abnormalities in patients with OCD by employing a novel voxel-based analysis of magnetic resonance images.MethodStatistical parametric mapping was utilised to compare segmented grey matter images from 25 patients with OCD with those from 25 matched controls.ResultsIncreased regional grey matter density was found in multiple cortical areas, including the left orbitofrontal cortex, and in subcortical areas, including the thalamus. On the other hand, regions of reduction were confined to posterior parts of the brain, such as the left cuneus and the left cerebellum.ConclusionsIncreased grey matter density of frontal–subcortical circuits, consonant with the hypermetabolic findings from functional imaging studies, seems to exist in patients with OCD, and cerebellar dysfunction may be involved in the pathophysiology of OCD.

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Kairys, A., T. Schmidt-Wilcke, J. Huggins, L. Pauer, D. Clauw, and R. Harris. "Pregabalin reduces insula grey matter density in fibromyalgia (FM)." Journal of Pain 13, no. 4 (April 2012): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.01.129.

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Iceta, Sylvain, Mahsa Dadar, Justine Daoust, Anais Scovronec, Vicky Leblanc, Melissa Pelletier, Laurent Biertho, André Tchernof, Catherine Bégin, and Andreanne Michaud. "Association between Visceral Adiposity Index, Binge Eating Behavior, and Grey Matter Density in Caudal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Severe Obesity." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091158.

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Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is an important determinant of metabolic risk and can be estimated by the visceral adiposity index (VAI). Visceral adiposity may impact brain regions involved in eating behavior. We aimed to examine the association between adiposity measurements, binge eating behavior, and grey matter density. In 20 men and 59 women with severe obesity, Grey matter density was measured by voxel-based morphometry for six regions of interest associated with reward, emotion, or self-regulation: insula, orbitofrontal cortex, caudal and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Binge eating behavior, depression and impulsivity was assessed by the Binge Eating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, respectively. Men and women were distinctively divided into two subgroups (low-VAI and high-VAI) based on the mean VAI score. Women with high-VAI were characterized by metabolic alterations, higher binge eating score and lower grey matter density in the caudal ACC compared to women with low-VAI. Men with high-VAI were characterized by a higher score for the sensation-seeking subscale of the UPPS–Impulsive Behavior Scale compared to men with low-VAI. Using a moderation–mediation analysis, we found that grey matter density in the caudal ACC mediates the association between VAI and binge eating score. In conclusion, visceral adiposity is associated with higher binge eating severity in women. Decreased grey matter density in the caudal ACC, a region involved in cognition and emotion regulation, may influence this relationship.

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GREEN, DAVID W., JENNY CRINION, and CATHY J. PRICE. "Exploring cross-linguistic vocabulary effects on brain structures using voxel-based morphometry." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10, no. 2 (July 2007): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728907002933.

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Given that there are neural markers for the acquisition of a non-verbal skill, we review evidence of neural markers for the acquisition of vocabulary. Acquiring vocabulary is critical to learning one's native language and to learning other languages. Acquisition requires the ability to link an object concept (meaning) to sound. Is there a region sensitive to vocabulary knowledge? For monolingual English speakers, increased vocabulary knowledge correlates with increased grey matter density in a region of the parietal cortex that is well-located to mediate an association between meaning and sound (the posterior supramarginal gyrus). Further this region also shows sensitivity to acquiring a second language. Relative to monolingual English speakers, Italian–English bilinguals show increased grey matter density in the same region. Differences as well as commonalities might exist in the neural markers for vocabulary where lexical distinctions are also signalled by tone. Relative to monolingual English, Chinese multilingual speakers, like European multilinguals, show increased grey matter density in the parietal region observed previously. However, irrespective of ethnicity, Chinese speakers (both Asian and European) also show highly significant increased grey matter density in two right hemisphere regions (the superior temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus). They also show increased grey matter density in two left hemisphere regions (middle temporal and superior temporal gyrus). Such increases may reflect additional resources required to process tonal distinctions for lexical purposes or to store tonal differences in order to distinguish lexical items. We conclude with a discussion of future lines of enquiry.

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Craig, Michaelc, Shahid H. Zaman, Eileen M. Daly, William J. Cutter, Dene M. W. Robertson, Brian Hallahan, Fiona Toal, et al. "Women with autistic-spectrum disorder: magnetic resonance imaging study of brain anatomy." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, no. 3 (September 2007): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034603.

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BackgroundOur understanding of anatomical differences in people with autistic-spectrum disorder, is based on mixed-gender or male samples.AimsTo study regional grey-matter and white-matter differences in the brains of women with autistic-spectrum disorder.MethodWe compared the brain anatomy of 14 adult women with autistic-spectrum disorder with 19 controls using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry Results Women with autistic-spectrum disorder had a smaller density bilaterally of grey matter in the frontotemporal cortices and limbic system, and of white matter in the temporal lobes (anterior) and pons. In contrast, they had a larger white-matter density bilaterally in regions of the association and projection fibres of the frontal, parietal, posterior temporal and occipital lobes, in the commissural fibres of the corpus callosum (splenium) and cerebellum (anterior lobe). Further, we found a negative relationship between reduced grey-matter density in right limbic regions and social communication ability.ConclusionsWomen with autistic-spectrum disorder have significant differences in brain anatomy from controls, in brain regions previously reported as abnormal in adult men with the disorder. Some anatomical differences may be related to clinical symptoms.

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Tonar, Zbyněk, Petra Kochová, Robert Cimrman, Kirsti Witter, Jiří Janáček, and Vladimír Rohan. "Microstructure Oriented Modelling of Hierarchically Perfused Porous Media for Cerebral Blood Flow Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.286.

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We used immunochemistry, light microscopy and stereological methods for quantitative description of the microvascular network in 13 tissue samples of the human brain. While the tortuosity of microvessels was comparable in all brain parts under study, the length density of microvessels was higher in subcortical grey matter (652.5±162.0 mm-2) and in the cortex (570.9±71.8 mm-2) than in the white matter (152.7±42.0 mm-2). The numerical density of microvessels was higher in subcortical grey matter (3782.0±1602.0 mm-3) and cerebral cortex (3160.0±638.4 mm-3) than in white matter (627.7±318.5 mm-3). We developed simulation software gensei which generates series of images representing three-dimensional models of microvessels with known length density, volume fraction, and surface density. The simulations are statistically similar to real microvessel networks and can be used for computer modelling of brain perfusion.

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Naz Fathima Raj Mohamed and Yuvaraj Babu K. "Genetic Architecture of Grey Matter - A Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 11, 2020): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2929.

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Genetic architecture explains about characteristics of different types of genetic variants which affect the traits for heritable variability. The present review is to document the deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of grey matter obtained from reliable sources of information which are associated with grey matter density and volume, cortical thickness, surface area, genetic variants, genetic heritability and genetic effects including Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease and some various diseases. The literature search on genetic architecture was carried out for papers published by google scholar and PubMed with the intention of retrieving all original reports that were relevant to it. The quality assessment of selected studies was conducted for 77 collected articles. This review is an attempt to update recent advances and provide a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of grey matter which benefits scientists and geneticists.

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Cormack, Francesca, David G. Gadian, Faraneh Vargha-Khadem, J. Helen Cross, Alan Connelly, and Torsten Baldeweg. "Extra-hippocampal grey matter density abnormalities in paediatric mesial temporal sclerosis." NeuroImage 27, no. 3 (September 2005): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.023.

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Roshchupkin, Gennady V., Hazel I. Zonneveld, Hieab H. H. Adams, Meike W. Vernooij, Wiro J. Niessen, and M. Arfan Ikram. "O3-03-06: Grey Matter Density in Relation to Cognitive Function." Alzheimer's & Dementia 12 (July 2016): P288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.523.

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12

Leube, D. "The Neural Basis of Disorganized Symptoms in Schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70374-8.

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Structural brain changes in schizophrenia patients have been reported in many studies. It is still unclear how these changes relate to psychopathological symptom clusters. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether scores of the subscales from a five factorial model of the PANSS correlate with changes of brain morphology.High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans from 54 patients with schizophrenia were analyzed with voxel based morphometry, a voxel-wise whole brain morphometric technique. We correlated grey matter density with the subscales of a five factor component analysis of the PANSS score. Additionally we performed a two group comparison with 101 healthy control subjects.Significant negative correlations of the disorganization score with grey matter density were found for clusters of voxels in the right inferior frontal, right insular cortex, left temporal pole and left superior temporal gyrus, as well as cingulate cortex and cerebellum. No morphological correlate was found for the other four subscales. P atients showed significant less grey matter density than control subjects in the left and right insula lobe and superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex.The disorganisation syndrome in schizophrenia is linked to particular morphological grey matter reductions in key areas of the disorder. The data support the hypothesis that different symptom clusters in schizophrenia might have different neural substrates.

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Finke, C., J. Schlichting, S. Papazoglou, M. Scheel, A. Freing, C. Soemmer, LM Pech, et al. "Altered basal ganglia functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 7 (November 12, 2014): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458514555784.

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Background: Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. It is in particular unclear whether and how fatigue relates to structural and functional brain changes. Objective: We aimed to analyse the association of fatigue severity with basal ganglia functional connectivity, basal ganglia volumes, white matter integrity and grey matter density. Methods: In 44 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry was performed. Results: In comparison with healthy controls, patients showed alteration of grey matter density, white matter integrity, basal ganglia volumes and basal ganglia functional connectivity. No association of fatigue severity with grey matter density, white matter integrity and basal ganglia volumes was observed within patients. In contrast, fatigue severity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity of basal ganglia nuclei with medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in patients. Furthermore, fatigue severity was positively correlated with functional connectivity between caudate nucleus and motor cortex. Conclusion: Fatigue is associated with distinct alterations of basal ganglia functional connectivity independent of overall disability. The pattern of connectivity changes suggests that disruption of motor and non-motor basal ganglia functions, including motivation and reward processing, contributes to fatigue pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis.

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Shah, Premal J., Klaus P. Ebmeier, Michael F. Glabus, and Guy M. Goodwin. "Cortical grey matter reductions associated with treatment-resistant chronic unipolar depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 6 (June 1998): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.6.527.

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BackgroundThe aetiology of treatment-resistant major depression is little understood; its apparent intractability may reflect brain abnormality.MethodMagnetic resonance images of the brains of 20 subjects with major depression lasting for two years or more were compared with 20 healthy control subjects and 20 other subjects who had completely recovered from depression. Subjects were individually matched for age, gender, years of education and premorbid IQ. Grey matter was segmented from the images, and compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis.ResultsSubjects with chronic depression showed reduced grey matter density in the left temporal cortex including the hippocampus. There was also a trend for reduction in the right hippocampus. Left hippocampal grey matter density was correlated with measures of verbal memory, supporting the functional significance of the observed magnetic resonance imaging changes.ConclusionsOur results potentially challenge the accepted view of depression as a functional and fully reversible illness, implying instead that more permanent brain changes may be associated with chronicity. Confirmatory longitudinal and prospective studies are required to determine whether these differences pre-date the onset of depression or are the result of the chronic illness process or its treatment.

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Morgan, Kevin D., Paola Dazzan, Kenneth G. Orr, Gerard Hutchinson, Xavier Chitnis, John Suckling, David Lythgoe, et al. "Grey matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, S51 (December 2007): s111—s116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s111.

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BackgroundGrey matter and other structural brain abnormalities are consistently reported in first-onset schizophrenia, but less is known about the extent of neuroanatomical changes in first-onset affective psychosisAimsTo determine which brain abnormalities are specific to (a) schizophrenia and (b) affective psychosisMethodWe obtained dual-echo (proton density/T2-weighted) magnetic resonance images and carried out voxel-based analysis on the images of 73 patients with first-episode psychosis (schizophrenia n=44, affective psychosis n=29) and 58 healthy controlsResultsBoth patients with schizophrenia and patients with affective psychosis had enlarged lateral and third ventricle volumes. Regional cortical grey matter reductions (including bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, left insula and left fusiform gyrus) were evident in affective psychosis but not in schizophrenia, although patients with schizophrenia displayed decreased hippocampal grey matter and increased striatal grey matter at a more liberal statistical thresholdConclusionsBoth schizophrenia and affective psychosis are associated with volumetric abnormalities at the onset of frank psychosis, with some of these evident in common brain areas

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Gilmore, CP, JJG Geurts, N. Evangelou, JCJ Bot, RA van Schijndel, PJW Pouwels, F. Barkhof, and L. Bö. "Spinal cord grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis detected by post-mortem high field MR imaging." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 15, no. 2 (October 9, 2008): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458508096876.

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Background Post-mortem studies demonstrate extensive grey matter demyelination in MS, both in the brain and in the spinal cord. However the clinical significance of these plaques is unclear, largely because they are grossly underestimated by MR imaging at conventional field strengths. Indeed post-mortem MR studies suggest the great majority of lesions in the cerebral cortex go undetected, even when performed at high field. Similar studies have not been performed using post-mortem spinal cord material. Aim To assess the sensitivity of high field post-mortem MRI for detecting grey matter lesions in the spinal cord in MS. Methods Autopsy material was obtained from 11 MS cases and 2 controls. Proton Density-weighted images of this formalin-fixed material were acquired at 4.7Tesla before the tissue was sectioned and stained for Myelin Basic Protein. Both the tissue sections and the MR images were scored for grey matter and white matter plaques, with the readers of the MR images being blinded to the histopathology results. Results Our results indicate that post-mortem imaging at 4.7Tesla is highly sensitive for cord lesions, detecting 87% of white matter lesions and 73% of grey matter lesions. The MR changes were highly specific for demyelination, with all lesions scored on MRI corresponding to areas of demyelination. Conclusion Our work suggests that spinal cord grey matter lesions may be detected on MRI more readily than GM lesions in the brain, making the cord a promising site to study the functional consequences of grey matter demyelination in MS.

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Jääskeläinen, E., P. Juola, J. Kurtti, M. Haapea, M. Kyllönen, J. Miettunen, P. Tanskanen, et al. "Associations between brain morphology and outcome in schizophrenia in a general population sample." European Psychiatry 29, no. 7 (September 2014): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.10.006.

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AbstractObjectiveTo analyse associations between brain morphology and longitudinal and cross-sectional measures of outcomes in schizophrenia in a general population sample.MethodsThe sample was the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. In 1999–2001, structural brain MRI and measures of clinical and functional outcomes were analysed for 54 individuals with schizophrenia around the age of 34. Sex, total grey matter, duration of illness and the use of antipsychotic medication were used as covariates.ResultsAfter controlling for multiple covariates, increased density of the left limbic area was associated with less hospitalisations and increased total white matter volume with being in remission. Higher density of left frontal grey matter was associated with not being on a disability pension and higher density of the left frontal lobe and left limbic area were related to better functioning. Higher density of the left limbic area was associated with better longitudinal course of illness.ConclusionsThis study, based on unselected general population data, long follow-up and an extensive database, confirms findings of previous studies, that morphological abnormalities in several brain structures are associated with outcome. The difference in brain morphology in patients with good and poor outcomes may reflect separable aetiologies and developmental trajectories in schizophrenia.

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Chan, K. C., L. Shi, H. K. So, D. Wang, A. W. C. Liew, D. D. Rasalkar, C. W. Chu, Y. K. Wing, and A. M. Li. "Neurocognitive dysfunction and grey matter density deficit in children with obstructive sleep apnoea." Sleep Medicine 15, no. 9 (September 2014): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.04.011.

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Emerson, Nichole M., Fadel Zeidan, Oleg V. Lobanov, Morten S. Hadsel, Katherine T. Martucci, Alexandre S. Quevedo, Christopher J. Starr, et al. "Pain sensitivity is inversely related to regional grey matter density in the brain." Pain 155, no. 3 (March 2014): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.004.

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Wen, Junhao, Hui Zhang, Daniel C. Alexander, Stanley Durrleman, Alexandre Routier, Daisy Rinaldi, Marion Houot, et al. "Neurite density is reduced in the presymptomatic phase of C9orf72 disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318994.

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ObjectiveTo assess the added value of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) compared with conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and anatomical MRI to detect changes in presymptomatic carriers of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) mutation.MethodsThe PREV-DEMALS (Predict to Prevent Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) study is a prospective, multicentre, observational study of first-degree relatives of individuals carrying the C9orf72 mutation. Sixty-seven participants (38 presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (C9+) and 29 non-carriers (C9−)) were included in the present cross-sectional study. Each participant underwent one single-shell, multishell diffusion MRI and three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI. Volumetric measures, DTI and NODDI metrics were calculated within regions of interest. Differences in white matter integrity, grey matter volume and free water fraction between C9+ and C9− individuals were assessed using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsCompared with C9−, C9+ demonstrated white matter abnormalities in 10 tracts with neurite density index and only 5 tracts with DTI metrics. Effect size was significantly higher for the neurite density index than for DTI metrics in two tracts. No tract had a significantly higher effect size for DTI than for NODDI. For grey matter cortical analysis, free water fraction was increased in 13 regions in C9+, whereas 11 regions displayed volumetric atrophy.ConclusionsNODDI provides higher sensitivity and greater tissue specificity compared with conventional DTI for identifying white matter abnormalities in the presymptomatic C9orf72 carriers. Our results encourage the use of neurite density as a biomarker of the preclinical phase.Trial registration numberNCT02590276.

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Boucard, C. C., A. T. Hernowo, R. P. Maguire, N. M. Jansonius, J. B. T. M. Roerdink, J. M. M. Hooymans, and F. W. Cornelissen. "Changes in cortical grey matter density associated with long-standing retinal visual field defects." Brain 132, no. 7 (May 25, 2009): 1898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp119.

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Chakirova, Goultchira, Thomas W. J. Moorhead, Heather C. Whalley, Jessica E. Sussmann, David C. Glahn, Anderson M. Winkler, Killian A. Welch, et al. "Poster #46 GREY MATTER DENSITY AND CORTICAL THICKNESS VARY WITH DIFFERENT ORBITOFRONTAL SULCOGYRAL PATTERNS." Schizophrenia Research 136 (April 2012): S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(12)70618-7.

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Habets, P., L. Krabbendam, P. Hofman, J. Suckling, F. Oderwald, E. Bullmore, P. Woodruff, J. Van Os, and M. Marcelis. "Cognitive Performance and Grey Matter Density in Psychosis: Functional Relevance of a Structural Endophenotype." Neuropsychobiology 58, no. 3-4 (2008): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000182889.

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Savard, Melissa, Yasser Iturria Medina, Cécile Madjar, Ilana Leppert, Anne Labonté, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Judes Poirier, and John C. S. Breitner. "P2-286: CSF Inflammatory and Lipid Transporter Proteins Predict Grey Matter Density Longitudinal Changes." Alzheimer's & Dementia 12 (July 2016): P740—P741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1546.

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Morgan, K. D., P. Dazzan, C. Morgan, J. Lappin, G. Hutchinson, X. Chitnis, J. Suckling, et al. "Differing patterns of brain structural abnormalities between black and white patients with their first episode of psychosis." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 7 (November 6, 2009): 1137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991565.

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BackgroundAfrican-Caribbean and black African people living in the UK are reported to have a higher incidence of diagnosed psychosis compared with white British people. It has been argued that this may be a consequence of misdiagnosis. If this is true they might be less likely to show the patterns of structural brain abnormalities reported in white British patients. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate whether there are differences in the prevalence of structural brain abnormalities in white and black first-episode psychosis patients.MethodWe obtained dual-echo (proton density/T2-weighted) images from a sample of 75 first-episode psychosis patients and 68 healthy controls. We used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based methods of image analysis. Two separate analyses were conducted: (1) 34 white British patients were compared with 33 white British controls; (2) 41 African-Caribbean and black African patients were compared with 35 African-Caribbean and black African controls.ResultsWhite British patients and African-Caribbean/black African patients had ventricular enlargement and increased lenticular nucleus volume compared with their respective ethnic controls. The African-Caribbean/black African patients also showed reduced global grey matter and increased lingual gyrus grey-matter volume. The white British patients had no regional or global grey-matter loss compared with their normal ethnic counterparts but showed increased grey matter in the left superior temporal lobe and right parahippocampal gyrus.ConclusionsWe found no evidence in support of our hypothesis. Indeed, the finding of reduced global grey-matter volume in the African-Caribbean/black African patients but not in the white British patients was contrary to our prediction.

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Surova, Yulia, Björn Lampinen, Markus Nilsson, Jimmy Lätt, Sara Hall, Håkan Widner, Danielle van Westen, and Oskar Hansson. "Alterations of Diffusion Kurtosis and Neurite Density Measures in Deep Grey Matter and White Matter in Parkinson’s Disease." PLOS ONE 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): e0157755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157755.

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Kanai, R., B. Bahrami, R. Roylance, and G. Rees. "Online social network size is reflected in human brain structure." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1732 (October 19, 2011): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1959.

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The increasing ubiquity of web-based social networking services is a striking feature of modern human society. The degree to which individuals participate in these networks varies substantially for reasons that are unclear. Here, we show a biological basis for such variability by demonstrating that quantitative variation in the number of friends an individual declares on a web-based social networking service reliably predicted grey matter density in the right superior temporal sulcus, left middle temporal gyrus and entorhinal cortex. Such regions have been previously implicated in social perception and associative memory, respectively. We further show that variability in the size of such online friendship networks was significantly correlated with the size of more intimate real-world social groups. However, the brain regions we identified were specifically associated with online social network size, whereas the grey matter density of the amygdala was correlated both with online and real-world social network sizes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the size of an individual's online social network is closely linked to focal brain structure implicated in social cognition.

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Stip, Emmanuel, Adham Mancini-Marïe, Cherine Fahim, Lahcen Ait Bentaleb, Genevieve Létourneau, and Stéphane Potvin. "Decrease in basal ganglia grey matter density associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients." Schizophrenia Research 103, no. 1-3 (August 2008): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.030.

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Duncan, N. W., P. Gravel, C. Wiebking, A. J. Reader, and G. Northoff. "Grey matter density and GABAA binding potential show a positive linear relationship across cortical regions." Neuroscience 235 (April 2013): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.075.

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James, Clara E., Mathias S. Oechslin, Dimitri Van De Ville, Claude-Alain Hauert, Céline Descloux, and François Lazeyras. "Musical training intensity yields opposite effects on grey matter density in cognitive versus sensorimotor networks." Brain Structure and Function 219, no. 1 (February 14, 2013): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-013-0504-z.

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Schaare, HL, K. Mueller, A. Babayan, M. Erbey, M. Gaebler, D. Kumral, J. Reinelt, et al. "Higher blood pressure is associated with lower regional grey matter density in healthy, young adults." Autonomic Neuroscience 192 (November 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.138.

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Femminella, Grazia Daniela, Melanie Dani, Melanie Wood, Zhen Fan, Valeria Calsolaro, Ruth Mizoguchi, Rebecca A. Atkinson, et al. "MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER GREY MATTER DENSITY AND HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME IN MCI SUBJECTS." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7 (July 2017): P921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.352.

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Islam, Alvi, Arron W. S. Metcalfe, Adam Urback, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Daphne J. Korczak, and Benjamin I. Goldstein. "948. Association between Age and Grey Matter Density in Youth with and without Bipolar Disorder." Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 10 (May 2017): S383—S384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.674.

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Dalal, RC, and RJ Mayer. "Long term trends in fertility of soils under continuous cultivation and cereal cropping in southern Queensland. I. Overall changes in soil properties and trends in winter cereal yields." Soil Research 24, no. 2 (1986): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860265.

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Changes in fertility of some southern Queensland soils resulting from extended periods of cultivation are presented, together with trends in yields of winter cereals on these soils. Six major soils of the cereal-belt, cropped for maximum periods of 20-70 years were examined. These were: Black earths, Waco soil; grey, brown and red clays (brigalow), Langlands-Logie soil; grey, brown and red clays (poplar box), Cecilvale soil; grey, brown and red clays (belah), Billa Billa soil; grey, brown and red clays (coolibah), Thallon soil; red earths, Riverview soil. Organic matter and its constituents, especially total organic C, organic C in the light fraction, total N and mineralizable N, were affected most by cultivation, showing decreases of 19-67% overall. Other soil properties probably associated with organic matter, including bulk density and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable manganese, were also significantly affected by cultivation in all soils. Soil properties affected least by cultivation were concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, total and exchangeable potassium, calcium carbonate, and dithionite extractable iron and aluminium. Most other soil properties studied (organic P, total sulfur, pH, exchangeable magnesium and sodium, exchangeable sodium percentage, and oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium) were affected by cultivation in at least four soils. Four factors accounted for 70% of the total variation among the 45 soil properties considered. They appeared to represent organic matter, clay colloids, iron and aluminium oxides, and soluble salts. Dry matter yield and/or N uptake of winter cereal crops (wheat and barley) measured in 1983 showed significant decreasing trends with period of cultivation in all soils.

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van Amelsvoort, T., J. Zinkstok, M. Figee, E. Daly, R. Morris, M. J. Owen, K. C. Murphy, et al. "Effects of a functional COMT polymorphism on brain anatomy and cognitive function in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 1 (May 10, 2007): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707000700.

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BackgroundVelo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is associated with deletions at chromosome 22q11, abnormalities in brain anatomy and function, and schizophrenia-like psychosis. Thus it is assumed that one or more genes within the deleted region are crucial to brain development. However, relatively little is known about how genetic variation at 22q11 affects brain structure and function. One gene on 22q11 is catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): an enzyme that degrades dopamine and contains a functional polymorphism (Val158Met) affecting enzyme activity. Here, we investigated the effect of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on brain anatomy and cognition in adults with VCFS.MethodThe COMT Val158Met polymorphism was genotyped for 26 adults with VCFS on whom DNA was available. We explored its effects on regional brain volumes using hand tracing approaches; on regional grey- and white-matter density using computerized voxel-based analyses; and measures of attention, IQ, memory, executive and visuospatial function using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.ResultsAfter corrections for multiple comparisons Val-hemizygous subjects, compared with Met-hemizygotes, had a significantly larger volume of frontal lobes. Also, Val-hemizygotes had significantly increased grey matter density in cerebellum, brainstem, and parahippocampal gyrus, and decreased white matter density in the cerebellum. No significant effects of COMT genotype on neurocognitive performance were found.ConclusionsCOMT genotype effects on brain anatomy in VCFS are not limited to frontal regions but also involve other structures previously implicated in VCFS. This suggests variation in COMT activity is implicated in brain development in VCFS.

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SHUKLA, P. K., and L. STENFLO. "Envelope solitons at a plasma–vacuum interface." Journal of Plasma Physics 74, no. 2 (April 2008): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377807006939.

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AbstractIt is shown that a nonlinear surface plasma wave at a plasma–vacuum interface can propagate in the form of a dark/grey envelope soliton. The latter is associated with a subsonic density cavity, which traps the complex surface wave electric field.

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Emerson, N., F. Zeidan, O. Lobanov, M. Hadsel, K. Martucci, A. Quevedo, C. Starr, et al. "(323) Regional grey matter density in the brain is related to pain sensitivity in healthy individuals." Journal of Pain 15, no. 4 (April 2014): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.233.

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Mancini-Marïe, A., C. Corcoran, J. Jimenez, C. Fahim, S. Karama, M. Beauregard, J. Lévesque, B. Mensour, E. Stip, and A. Mendrek. "17 – Differences in grey matter density in frontal lobe regions in men and women with schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 98 (February 2008): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.084.

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Brouwer, Rachel M., M. M. G. Koenis, Hugo G. Schnack, G. Caroline van Baal, Inge L. C. van Soelen, Dorret I. Boomsma, and Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol. "Longitudinal Development of Hormone Levels and Grey Matter Density in 9 and 12-Year-Old Twins." Behavior Genetics 45, no. 3 (February 7, 2015): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-015-9708-8.

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Deters, Kacie, Shannon L. Risacher, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Michael Weiner, and Andrew J. Saykin. "ELEVATED PLASMA NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED GREY MATTER DENSITY IN AD AND MCI." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7 (July 2017): P1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.581.

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Wessels, A. M., S. Simsek, P. L. Remijnse, D. J. Veltman, G. J. Biessels, F. Barkhof, P. Scheltens, F. J. Snoek, R. J. Heine, and S. A. R. B. Rombouts. "Voxel-based morphometry demonstrates reduced grey matter density on brain MRI in patients with diabetic retinopathy." Diabetologia 49, no. 10 (May 16, 2006): 2474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0283-7.

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Quackenbush, E. J., T. F. Cruz, M. A. Moscarello, and M. Letarte. "Identification of three antigens in human brain associated with similar antigens on human leukaemic cells." Biochemical Journal 225, no. 2 (January 15, 1985): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2250291.

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Monoclonal antibodies prepared against a non-T and non-B acute-lymphocytic-leukaemia cell line were tested for reactivity against human brain tissue. Several of the monoclonal antibodies were found to react specifically with brain fractions. Three antigens, 44H4, 44D7 and 44D10, were identified in white matter. Although 44D10 was absent from grey matter, the levels of 44H4 and 44D7 antigens present in grey matter were 2- and 4-fold higher respectively than in white matter. Fractionation of white matter indicated that all three antigens were absent from the multilamellar compact myelin, but associated with a membrane fraction of higher density. All three antigens, which required detergent for solubilization from the membranes, were purified by affinity to monoclonal antibodies and/or were analysed by immunoblotting. The 44H4 and 44D10 antigens were single polypeptide chains with Mr 94000 and 80000 respectively when resolved by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Monoclonal antibody 44D7 reacted with a complex of a Mr greater than 120000 under non-reducing conditions in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. This complex dissociated on reduction into four bands with Mr values of 80000, 57000, 47000 and 41000. The brain antigens are present on proteins similar to, or identical with, those isolated from acute-lymphocytic-leukaemia cells.

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Manninen, Sandra, Tomi Karjalainen, Lauri J. Tuominen, Jarmo Hietala, Valtteri Kaasinen, Juho Joutsa, Juha Rinne, and Lauri Nummenmaa. "Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study." NeuroImage 235 (July 2021): 117968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117968.

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MacIntosh, Bradley J., Walter Swardfager, David E. Crane, Nipuni Ranepura, Mahwesh Saleem, Paul I. Oh, Bojana Stefanovic, Nathan Herrmann, and Krista L. Lanctôt. "Cardiopulmonary Fitness Correlates with Regional Cerebral Grey Matter Perfusion and Density in Men with Coronary Artery Disease." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2014): e91251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091251.

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Thomas, Emilie, Joseph Therriault, Tharick A. Pascoal, Sulantha Mathotaarachchi, Melissa Savard, Mira Chamoun, Min Su Kang, Serge Gauthier, and Pedro Rosa-Neto. "P3-481: EMOTIONAL MODULATION OF MEMORY ACROSS THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SPECTRUM AND ASSOCIATION WITH GREY MATTER DENSITY." Alzheimer's & Dementia 15 (July 2019): P1152—P1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3516.

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Boisgontier, Matthieu P., Boris Cheval, Peter van Ruitenbeek, Oron Levin, Olivier Renaud, Julien Chanal, and Stephan P. Swinnen. "Whole-brain grey matter density predicts balance stability irrespective of age and protects older adults from falling." Gait & Posture 45 (March 2016): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.01.019.

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Kraus, C., M. Savli, A. Hahn, P. Baldinger, A. Höflich, M. Mitterhauser, W. Wadsak, C. Windischberger, S. Kasper, and R. Lanzenberger. "Serotonin - 1A binding in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex is associated with regional grey matter volume in striatum and temporal areas." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72639-6.

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IntroductionThe subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has been frequently reported to be structurally and cytoarchitectually changed in major depressive disorder (MDD) and is also a promising target in deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant MDD. Furthermore, substantial evidence demonstrates a high density of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the sgACC, a key area involved in emotional processing.ObjectivesHere, we investigated the relationship between the 5-HT1A receptor in the sgACC and changes in regional grey matter volume with voxel-based morphometry.MethodsPET ([carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635) was used to quantify 5-HT1A receptor binding (BPND) together with structural magnetic resonance images from 32 healthy subjects (mean 26.68 ± 5.1 years; 17 women). Regression analysis was performed in SPM8 (p < .001 uncorr.) using sgACC 5-HT1A BPND as regressor, controlling for sex, age and total grey matter volume (GMV).Results5-HT1A BPND in the sgACC was positively associated with regional GMV in the medial temporal gyri (T=4.37) and nucleus accumbens bilaterally (T = 4.19). Furthermore, sgACC 5-HT1A binding was negatively correlated with GMV within the inferior temporal gyri (T = 5.22) and putamen bilaterally (T = 5.12).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate structural relationships between sgACC 5-HT1A receptor binding and grey matter volume in the ventral striatum as well as in temporal regions, which both exhibit close neuronal connections with the sgACC. Moreover, the GMV of the ventral striatum has been reported to be decreased in patients with MDD. Conclusively, our results underpin the role of serotonergic neuronal transmission in cytoarchitectural processes within regions involved in the modulation of mood.

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Picon, Carmen, Anusha Jayaraman, Rachel James, Catriona Beck, Patricia Gallego, Maarten E. Witte, Jack van Horssen, Nicholas D. Mazarakis, and Richard Reynolds. "Neuron-specific activation of necroptosis signaling in multiple sclerosis cortical grey matter." Acta Neuropathologica 141, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02274-7.

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AbstractSustained exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the leptomeninges is thought to play a major role in the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in the grey matter remain unclear, several lines of evidence suggest a prominent role for tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Using cortical grey matter tissue blocks from post-mortem brains from 28 secondary progressive MS subjects and ten non-neurological controls, we describe an increase in expression of multiple steps in the TNF/TNF receptor 1 signaling pathway leading to necroptosis, including the key proteins TNFR1, FADD, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. Activation of this pathway was indicated by the phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL and the formation of protein oligomers characteristic of necrosomes. In contrast, caspase-8 dependent apoptotic signaling was decreased. Upregulation of necroptotic signaling occurred predominantly in macroneurons in cortical layers II–III, with little expression in other cell types. The presence of activated necroptotic proteins in neurons was increased in MS cases with prominent meningeal inflammation, with a 30-fold increase in phosphoMLKL+ neurons in layers I–III. The density of phosphoMLKL+ neurons correlated inversely with age at death, age at progression and disease duration. In vivo induction of chronically elevated TNF and INFγ levels in the CSF in a rat model via lentiviral transduction in the meninges, triggered inflammation and neurodegeneration in the underlying cortical grey matter that was associated with increased neuronal expression of TNFR1 and activated necroptotic signaling proteins. Exposure of cultured primary rat cortical neurons to TNF induced necroptosis when apoptosis was inhibited. Our data suggest that neurons in the MS cortex are dying via TNF/TNFR1 stimulated necroptosis rather than apoptosis, possibly initiated in part by chronic meningeal inflammation. Neuronal necroptosis represents a pathogenetic mechanism that is amenable to therapeutic intervention at several points in the signaling pathway.

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Barrett, Matthew J., Scott A. Sperling, Jamie C. Blair, Cody S. Freeman, Joseph L. Flanigan, Mark E. Smolkin, Carol A. Manning, and T. Jason Druzgal. "Lower volume, more impairment: reduced cholinergic basal forebrain grey matter density is associated with impaired cognition in Parkinson disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-320450.

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ObjectiveA major contributor to dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) is degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain. This study determined whether cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) density is associated with cognition in early and more advanced PD.MethodsWe analysed brain MRIs and neuropsychological test scores for 228 newly diagnosed PD participants from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), 101 healthy controls from the PPMI and 125 more advanced PD patients from a local retrospective cohort. Cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei densities were determined by applying probabilistic maps to MPRAGE T1 sequences processed using voxel-based morphometry methods. Relationships between grey matter densities and cognitive scores were analysed using correlations and linear regression models.ResultsIn more advanced PD, greater Ch4 density was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (β=14.2; 95% CI=1.5 to 27.0; p=0.03), attention domain z-score (β=3.2; 95% CI=0.8 to 5.5; p=0.008) and visuospatial domain z-score (β=7.9; 95% CI=2.0 to 13.8; p=0.009). In the PPMI PD cohort, higher Ch4 was associated with higher scores on MoCA (β=9.2; 95% CI=1.9 to 16.5; p=0.01), Judgement of Line Orientation (β=20.4; 95% CI=13.8 to 27.0; p<0.001), Letter Number Sequencing (β=16.5; 95% CI=9.5 to 23.4; p<0.001) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β=41.8; 95% CI=18.7 to 65.0; p<0.001). These same relationships were observed in 97 PPMI PD participants at 4 years. There were no significant associations between Ch4 density and cognitive outcomes in healthy controls.ConclusionIn de novo and more advanced PD, lower Ch4 density is associated with impaired global cognition, attention and visuospatial function.

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Sui, Shuang Ge, Ming Xiang Wu, Mark E. King, Yan Zhang, Li Ling, Jian Min Xu, Xu Chu Weng, Lian Duan, Bao Ci Shan, and Ling Jiang Li. "Abnormal grey matter in victims of rape with PTSD in Mainland China: a voxel-based morphometry study." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 22, no. 3 (June 2010): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2010.00459.x.

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Sui SG, Wu MX, King ME, Zhang Y, Ling L, Xu JM, Weng XC, Duan L, Shan BC, Li LJ. Abnormal grey matter in victims of rape with PTSD in Mainland China: a voxel-based morphometry study.Objective:This study examined changes in brain grey matter in victims of rape (VoR) with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focused on PTSD caused by various traumatic events, such as war and disaster, among others. Although considerable research has focused on rape-related PTSD, limited studies have been carried out in the context of Mainland China.Methods:The study included 11 VoR with PTSD, 8 VoR without PTSD and 12 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. We used voxel-based morphometry to explore changes in brain grey-matter density (GMD) by applying statistical parametric mapping to high-resolution magnetic resonance images.Results:Compared with HC, VoR with PTSD showed significant GMD reductions in the bilateral medial frontal cortex, left middle frontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and fusiform cortex and significant GMD increases in the right posterior cingulate cortex, postcentral cortex, bilateral precentral cortex and inferior parietal lobule. Compared to VoR without PTSD, VoR with PTSD showed significant GMD reductions in the right uncus, left middle temporal gyrus, and the fusiform cortex, and increases in the left precentral cortex, inferior parietal lobule and right post-central cortex.Conclusion:The findings of abnormal GMD in VoR with PTSD support the hypothesis that PTSD is associated with widespread anatomical changes in the brain. The medial frontal cortex, precentral cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, post-central cortex and inferior parietal lobule may play important roles in the neuropathology of PTSD.

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