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Qazi, Tehmina Fiaz, Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi, and Abdul Basit Basit. "Assessment of Agricultural Performance of Districts of Punjab Based On Composite Agricultural Indicators Using Grey Relational Analysis." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).16.
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The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies
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Wang, Yu, Weihao Wang, Shaoming Peng, Guiqin Jiang, and Jian Wu. "The relationship between irrigation water demand and drought in the Yellow River basin." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (October 17, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-129-2016.
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Abstract. In order to organize water for drought resistance reasonably, we need to study the relationship between irrigation water demand and meteorological drought in quantitative way. We chose five typical irrigation districts including the Qingtongxia irrigation district, Yellow River irrigation districts of Inner Mongolia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Fen river irrigation district and the Wei river irrigation district in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the irrigation districts in the lower reaches of the Yellow River as research area. Based on the hydrology, meteorology, groundwater and crop parameters materials from 1956 to 2010 in the Yellow River basin, we selected reconnaissance drought index (RDI) to analyze occurrence and evolution regularity of drought in the five typical irrigation districts, and calculated the corresponding irrigation water demand by using crop water balance equation. The relationship of drought and irrigation water demand in each typical irrigation district was studied by using grey correlation analysis and relevant analysis method, and the quantitative relationship between irrigation water demand and RDI was established in each typical irrigation district. The results showed that the RDI can be applied to evaluate the meteorological drought in the typical irrigation districts of the Yellow River basin. There is significant correlation between the irrigation water demand and RDI, and the grey correlation degree and correlation coefficient increased with increasing crops available effective rainfall. The irrigation water demand of irrigation districts in the upstream, middle and downstream of the Yellow River basin presented different response degrees to drought. The irrigation water demand increased 105 million m3 with the drought increasing one grade (RDI decreasing 0.5) in the Qingtongxia irrigation district and Yellow River irrigation districts of Inner Mongolia. The irrigation water demand increased 219 million m3 with the drought increasing one grade in the Fen river irrigation district and Wei river irrigation district. The irrigation water demand increased 622 million m3 with the drought increasing one grade in the downstream of Yellow River irrigation districts.
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Than, Nguyen Hien. "GREEN GROWTH PREDICTION OF HO CHI MINH CITY BY THE GREY THEORY MODEL." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 4C (March 24, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/4c/12124.
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The green growth prediction plays an important role to assess and monitor the growth rate of a local region. Managers and researchers can make timely adaptation policy to improve and innovate economic, cultural and environmental performance to impulse the green growth. The study used the methods such as the multiple criteria analysis, analytic hierarchy process, principal component analysis, and the grey theory model to build and integrate green growth indicators into the green growth index. The green growth index was developed by 9 subjects and 18 indicators. The data of study were collected a period of seven years from 2009 to 2015. The results of study indicated that almost districts increased the green growth index. District 1 and District 5 reached at high green growth level about 60 score, while others were classified into average green growth level. The results of green growth prediction of districts in Ho Chi Minh City also showed that the green growth index will lightly increase from 2016 – 2020.
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Rai, Lalit Kumar, and Kohki Yoshida. "Lithostratigraphy of the Siwalik Group along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 60 (September 16, 2020): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v60i0.31275.
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The Siwalik Group extending east to west co-linear to the main Himalayan range is well exposed along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur district, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Siwalik Group in the present study area is divided into the Lower, Middle, and Upper Siwaliks based on grain size and sandstone-mudstone proportion. The Lower Siwaliks is characterized by very fine- to fine-grained, light grey sandstone interbedded with dark grey to olive black mudstone. The Middle Siwaliks, is characterized by the domination of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, and based on the lithology and bed thickness it is divided into two members. The lower member is dominated by fine- to medium-grained “salt and pepper” sandstone with dark greenish to olive-grey mudstone while, the upper member is dominated by light grey to white medium- to coarse-grained sandstone with grey, dark grey to black mudstone. Increase in the grain size and thickness of sandstone beds, increase in the proportion of mudstone, decrease in induration of sandstone and decrease in the proportion of biotite grain in sandstone makes upper member different from lower member of the Middle Siwaliks. The Upper Siwaliks is characterized by very thick beds of clast supported conglomerate associated with coarse- to very coarse-grained, very thick bedded sandstone and dull yellowish-grey to grey mudstone. The boundary between the Lower Siwaliks and the Middle Siwaliks, lower member and upper member of the Middle Siwaliks, and the Upper Siwaliks are 10.0 Ma, 5.7 Ma, and 3.5 Ma, respectively. The present study records the presence of a large succession of intra-formational conglomerate succession in the Lower Siwaliks.
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Pomeroy, Ann, and Peter Holland. "Secondary school student perspectives on community resilience in Grey District." New Zealand Geographer 72, no. 1 (March 17, 2016): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12120.
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Siva, T., and P. Neelanarayanan. "First record of migratory Grey-necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani Blyth, 1844 (Aves: Passeriformes: Emberizidae) as a winter visitor in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2017): 11095. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3809.9.12.11095-11096.
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The Grey-necked Bunting or Grey-hooded Bunting is a New World sparrow and a winter visitor to India, particularly Gujarat region. Earlier, sightings of this species were rarely reported from other parts of India. In this communication the Grey-necked Bunting is reported for the first time with photographic evidence in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. The bird was observed in dry open areas and small hillocks. Detailed information on this species is wanting.
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Sun, Xiu Qiao. "Grey Correlation Analysis of the Impact of Rate on Urban Transport Structure." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 2525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2525.
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Taking the evaluation of the impact of access rates on urban transport structure as the study object, the impact of access rates on various modes of transportation was analyzed using the gray correlation which was a new evaluation method. The feasibility of adopting the traffic congestion pricing policy and the change of transport structure in Nanhai district of Foshan city were analyzed as a real case study. The results indicate that the implement of congestion pricing in Nanhai District of Foshan City, had little effect on the amount of car travel, but the improvement of the city's traffic structure is not obvious. Finally, some valuable suggestions on the optimization of traffic structure of Nanhai District of Foshan City were proposed.
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Wang, Haichao, Lin Duanmu, Risto Lahdelma, and Xiangli Li. "A fuzzy-grey multicriteria decision making model for district heating system." Applied Thermal Engineering 128 (January 2018): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.048.
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Guo, Honglian, Yunxian Hou, Baohong Yang, Hongping Du, and Weiqun Xiao. "Natural disaster forecast on the base of townships collaborative emergency." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 5, no. 3 (November 2, 2015): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-06-2015-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to upgrade the collaborative emergency ability of government in the tier of towns, realizing emergency resource share, emergency cost reduction and emergency efficiency improving. This paper mainly aims to solve the problem of forecasting the natural disaster happening year of every township collaborative region in Fangshan District. Design/methodology/approach – First, classify the townships into five collaborative regions through grey clustering. Second, set up a grey disaster forecast model for the whole Fangshan District according the annals of disaster from 1985 to 2012, and forecast the disaster grade. Third, build a grey disaster forecast model for the collaborative regions after constructing the buffer operators of catastrophic sequence according the annals of disaster from 1949 to 2012. Findings – The authors forecasted the happening year and flood grade of future disaster for the whole Fangshan District. The accurate degrees of both flood and drought year model are greater than 90 per cent. The accurate degree of insects calamity year is a little low, but the relative errors are all lower than 3 per cent in recent continuous three times, so in the whole, it can be used. For the collaborative regions, the authors forecasted the future disaster years of them. The accuracy rate of every model is greater than 90 per cent. The result shows that the forecast errors are acceptable. Research limitations/implications – In the models, for the purpose of good accuracy, the authors used different initial data. For example, in the forecast model for whole Fangshan District disaster year, the authors used the data from 1985 to 2012, while in the forecast model for the disaster grade of it, the authors used the data from 1949 to 2012. In the disaster year forecast model for collaborative region, the authors also used the data from 1949 to 2012. If the authors can find a model that has high accuracy rate by using all the date information, it will be better. Practical implications – Township is the most basic level of government organization in China, researching on collaborative emergency in township will do help to take targeted precautions measures against calamity according to the characteristic there. At the same time realizing emergency cost reduction and emergency efficiency improving based on the advantages of emergency resource share, short rescue distance, little effects of communication destruction. Social implications – Because of the stochastic occurring of disasters, it is very important to forecast the happening time of disasters accurately. This paper forecasted the natural disaster happening time of Fangshan District through grey catastrophic model, aimed at giving decision support to related department and strengthen the disaster prevention power targetedly. Originality/value – It is well known that the greater the system, the steadier it is, and the easier to forecast it. Fangshan District, Beijing, is a medium-sized and small system in regional research, while townships are small systems. It is rarely a big challenge for the authors to forecast the disaster years in Fangshan and its collaborative townships. In this paper, the authors used grey system model and Markov transfer matrix in forecasting the disaster years and the disaster grade of flood in Fangshan District. All of them are new trying to using grey system theory in disaster forecast for Fangshan District, Beijing.
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BAQI, FAZAL. "Distribution and Habitat Selection of Grey Francolin (Francolinus Pondicerianus) in Swegali Game Reserve District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0148.
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Animals use some habitats and quit others. It is essential to examine resource which is of great interest to the animal for its survival. Distribution and habitat selection of Grey Francolin was examined in Swegali game reserve during June 2007. Twelve line transects 200 meters wide and average 3.73 kilometers long were laid down randomly for collection of data from 06h00-20h00 and observed 58 Grey francolins singly or in pairs. Distributed of Grey francolin was observed in three of the available six habitat types including woody ravines, shrub land and agricultural fields. Chi-squared test showed that Grey francolin displayed significant habitat selection and highly significant preference for woody ravines, northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening, a slight drag to the afternoon was also observed. The study can contribute to planning of management interventions for the study species and its preferred habitats. It might assist policy makers to devise policies pertaining to agriculture, study species and their habitats to mitigate encroachment into marginal lands for agriculture, human settlements, use of pesticides and unregulated hunting, assessment of the effects of resource use on wild populations, planning and policy decisions for habitat management and harvest levels.
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Chen, Yu, and Long Cang Shu. "Regional Land Subsidence Vulnerability Assessment Based on Grey Correlation Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1265.
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It is well-known that land subsidence seriously affects the regional social and economic development and becomes a world-wide problem. Xixi-Chengnan district, Jiangsu province is one of the most important area affected by land subsidence in China. The damage of the hazard to physical, social, economical and environmental systems has been increasing during recent years, which mainly caused by the long period groundwater overexpolitation in the area. This research presents a vulnerability assessment model based on grey correlation analysis (GCA) for the regional land subsidence in Xixi-Chengnan district of Jiangsu province, by the assessment results, the rank of relative vulnerability of each township in the study area can be obtained without weighting and aggregating the vulnerbaility indicators and with avoiding the subjectivity of weighting in general vulnerability evaluation methods. The study can be expected to raise public awareness of land subsidence risk and vulnerability, lay the foundation for risk decision-making, and provide theories and technological supports for taking comprehensive and active measures to prevent and alleviate land subsidence vulnerability.
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Sun, Hua, Juan Li, Jia Jia Lin, and Jing Zhao. "Research on Comprehensive Environment Risk Assessment of Brownfield Reuse in Xishan District, Wuxi City." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 3047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.3047.
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The purpose of this paper is to establish a complete appraisal system and study on comprehensive environment risk assessment of brownfield reuse in procedure and method through the case of Xishan District, according to life cycle theory. Methods employed include system analysis, analytic hierarchy process and grey evaluation method. The result shows that,(1) The life cycle of brownfield reuse can be divided into three stages which are the confirmation and preparation stage, the control and treatment stage, the maintenance and supervision stage, including policy and legal risk, economic risk, organizational risk, pollution risk, etc, eight elements.(2)the environmental risk of Xishan District is in medium level. Additionally, due to the polluting and complexity of brownfield, it should be respond to the necessary control. It is concluded that the comprehensive environment risk assessment of brownfield reuse has high scientific and practical by using analytic hierarchy process and grey evaluation method.
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Abbott, Pamela. "Conflict over the grey areas: District nurses and home helps providing community care." Journal of Gender Studies 3, no. 3 (November 1994): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.1994.9960577.
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Kwashirai, Vimbai, and Ivo Mhike. "Green or Grey? Goats, Economy and Ecology in Nkayi District, Zimbabwe: 1980–2017." Global Environment 12, no. 2 (September 15, 2019): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2019.120205.
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Nielsen, Henrik Aalborg, and Henrik Madsen. "Modelling the heat consumption in district heating systems using a grey-box approach." Energy and Buildings 38, no. 1 (January 2006): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.05.002.
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Yoon, Sungmin, Youngwoong Choi, Jabeom Koo, Yejin Hong, Ryunhee Kim, and Joowook Kim. "Virtual Sensors for Estimating District Heating Energy Consumption under Sensor Absences in a Residential Building." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226013.
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District heating (DH) is an energy efficient building heating system that entails low primary energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. The estimation of the required heating load provides information for operators to control district heating systems (DHSs) efficiently. It also yields historical datasets for intelligent management applications. Based on the existing virtual sensor capabilities to estimate physical variables, performance, etc., and to detect the anomaly detection in building energy systems, this paper proposes a virtual sensor-based method for the estimation of DH energy consumption in a residential building. Practical issues, including sensor absences and limited datasets corresponding to actual buildings, were also analyzed to improve the applicability of virtual sensors in a building. According to certain virtual sensor development processes, model-driven, data-driven, and grey-box virtual sensors were developed and compared in a case study. The grey-box virtual sensor surpassed the capabilities of the other virtual sensors, particularly for operation patterns corresponding to low heating, which were different from those in the training dataset; notably, a 16% improvement was observed in the accuracy exhibited by the grey-box virtual sensor, as compared to that of the data-driven virtual sensor. The former sensor accounted for a significantly wider DHS operation range by overcoming training data dependency when estimating the actual DH energy consumption. Finally, the proposed virtual sensors can be applied for continuous commissioning, monitoring, and fault detection in the building, since they are developed based on the DH variables at the demand side.
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Chen, Xiaodong, Desheng Pei, and Liping Li. "Grey relation between main meteorological factors and mortality." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-11-2018-0061.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of main meteorological factors on the mortality of urban residents and provide empirical evidence for the prevention of effects of climate changes.Design/methodology/approachGrey relational analysis (GRA) was used to analyse the interrelationships between meteorological factors and mortality among residents in Chaoyang District, Beijing, during the period between 1998 and 2008.FindingsThe changes of annual average mortality had a strong grey relation with temperature and relative humidity. The monthly average mortality (MAM) showed a strong grey relation with air pressure and the MAM in Summer season had a strong grey relation with air pressure, relative humidity and wind speed.Originality/valueMeteorological factors including temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and wind speed are all related with mortality changes. GRA can well reveal the trend of the curve approximation between meteorological factors and mortality and can quantify the different approximation.
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Kakakhel, Syed Fazal Baqi, NaveedUl Haq, and Ejaz Ul Haq. "CAPTIVE BREEDING AND REINTRODUCTION OF BLACK FRANCOLIN, GREY FRANCOLIN AND CHUKAR PARTRIDGE (2015-2020) IN DISTRICT DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN." European Journal of Biology 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejb.608.
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Purpose: The ex-situ conservation aims to discover new populations or supports the populations that yet survive in the wild. To breed animals in captivity and release them in their natural control habitats is one of the conservation methods. Amongst other species partridges also breed in captivity and can be release in the wild but presently data lacking, need to examine. Chukar partridge, Black francolin and Grey francolin are used for sports hunting in Pakistan. The available record on captive breeding of Chukar partridge, Black francolin and Grey francilin and their release in the wild for the years 2015-2020 was reviewed using a developed questionnaire.
Methodology: Review record of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department Pakistan through a developed questionnaire
Findings: It was found that the maximum number of chukar partridge breed was 36, Black francolin (6) and Grey francolin (24). Out of the breeding stock, Chukar partridges (44) and Grey francolin (28) were released in the wild to its natural habitat by hard release technique.
Unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy: The researchers recommended decrease in dissimilarity of habitat quality between breeding center environment and the release habitat besides providing a pre-release training to the release experts so as to improve habitat selection and survival of captive-bred. This study will help researchers for further in depth study in the area and will also facilitate conservation organization in making captive breeding of partridges as a successful program.
Key words: Partridges, Captive breeding, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Shinde, Sambhji. "Morphological Analysis on Cestode Parasite from Large Grey Babbler in Bidar District, Karnataka, India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IX (September 30, 2017): 1235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.9178.
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Song, Ge, Chao Dai, Qian Tan, and Shan Zhang. "Agricultural Water Management Model Based on Grey Water Footprints under Uncertainty and its Application." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 5567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205567.
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The grey water footprint theory was introduced into a fractional programming model to alleviate non-point source pollution and increase water-use efficiency through the adjustment of crop planting structure. The interval programming method was also incorporated within the developed framework to handle parametric uncertainties. The objective function of the model was the ratio of economic benefits to grey water footprints from crop production, and the constraints contained water availability constraints, food security constraints, planting area constraints, grey water footprint constraints and non-negative constraints. The model was applied to the Hetao Irrigation District of China. It was found that, based on the data in the year of 2016, the optimal planting plans generated from the developed model would reduce 34,400 m3 of grey water footprints for every 100 million Yuan gained from crops. Under the optimal planting structure, the total grey water footprints would be reduced by 21.9 million m3, the total economic benefits from crops would be increased by 1.138 billion Yuan, and the irrigation water would be saved by 44 million m3. The optimal results could provide decision-makers with agricultural water use plans with reduced negative impacts on the environment and enhanced economic benefits from crops.
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Sheng, Jiafei, Hong Xu, Junyan Zheng, Mandi Luo, and Xuan Zhou. "Commercial Value Assessment of “Grey Space” under Overpasses: Analytic Hierarchy Process." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (December 4, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4970697.
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Although the rise of urban overpasses has optimized the urban transport system and improved the spatial structure of the city, the use of space under overpasses has many problems, and they can be dark, short, unpleasant, and abandoned spaces which are full of girders and include ill-shaped areas in some places. This study aims at the recent study of space utilization under overpasses. Taking the Xudong district in Wuhan as an example, the multistandards weight analysis was conducted to evaluate the value of the commercial form of the “grey space” under overpasses and analyzed the feasibility of commercial forms.
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Liu, Z., and Y. Li. "RESERCH ON URBAN SPATIAL EXPANSION MODEL BASED ON MULTI-OBJECT GRAY DECISION-MAKING AND CA: A CASE STUDY OF PIDU DISTRICT, CHENGDU CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1183-2018.
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This paper from the perspective of the Neighbor cellular space, Proposed a new urban space expansion model based on a new multi-objective gray decision and CA. The model solved the traditional cellular automata conversion rules is difficult to meet the needs of the inner space-time analysis of urban changes and to overcome the problem of uncertainty in the combination of urban drivers and urban cellular automata. At the same time, the study takes Pidu District as a research area and carries out urban spatial simulation prediction and analysis, and draws the following conclusions: (1) The design idea of the urban spatial expansion model proposed in this paper is that the urban driving factor and the neighborhood function are tightly coupled by the multi-objective grey decision method based on geographical conditions. The simulation results show that the simulation error of urban spatial expansion is less than 5.27 %. The Kappa coefficient is 0.84. It shows that the model can better capture the inner transformation mechanism of the city. (2) We made a simulation prediction for Pidu District of Chengdu by discussing Pidu District of Chengdu as a system instance.In this way, we analyzed the urban growth tendency of this area.presenting a contiguous increasing mode, which is called "urban intensive development". This expansion mode accorded with sustainable development theory and the ecological urbanization design theory.
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Grunewald, Richter, and Behnisch. "Multi-Indicator Approach for Characterising Urban Green Space Provision at City and City-District Level in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132300.
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This paper addresses the question of how a sustainable urban development can be supported through simple measured quantities in the context of the specific provision of green space and open space. The specific provision of green space is analysed based on a combination of six indicators that describe, on the one hand, the access of inhabitants to green spaces and on the other hand, the settlement character as well as the strong anthropogenic imprint on the urban landscape. The indicators were calculated and combined in a 9-cell matrix for classifying the areas studied. The implementation was carried out at two scales for all German cities with at least 50,000 inhabitants as well as exemplarily for city districts of eight big cities. The calculated indicator values for representing green characteristics decrease with increasing number of inhabitants, whereas the opposite relationship was obtained for the indicators of the grey characteristics. We show how the approach provides an in-depth morphological assessment of German cities ranking their scores from low to the high presence of grey/green characteristics.
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Miron, Mohsin K., and Sayam U. Chowdhury. "Breeding Density and Habitat Selection of the Grey-Headed Fish-Eagle in Noakhali District, Bangladesh." Journal of Raptor Research 53, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-18-33.
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Ranade, Sachin P., and Vibhu Prakash. "Nesting of Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821) (Aves: Anseriformes: Anatidae) and broken-wing distraction display at Kamrup District, Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 5 (May 26, 2016): 8824. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2817.8.5.8824-8826.
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We observed 13 nesting attempts of the Lesser Whistling-Duck during 2011–2014 at Rani, Kamrup District in Assam, India. Failure in egg laying by the ducks and nest raiding by Grey Mongoose were recorded, while the breeding success was 38.5%. For the first time we witnessed broken wing distraction display exhibited by this species as an anti-predator strategy, which we have recorded here.
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Jolemore, Shawn, and Steven D. Soroka. "Physician leadership development: Evidence-informed design tempered with real-life experience." Healthcare Management Forum 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470417696708.
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This article describes key considerations for creation of evidence-informed in-house physician leadership development. Ten elements extracted from a scan of the peer-reviewed and grey literature are presented, and key learnings at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, a quaternary academic health sciences centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, are highlighted. Each element is briefly described with practical considerations and challenges to implementation outlined in the context of the former Capital District Health Authority, where the authors collaborated to create in-house physician leadership development prior to the consolidation of health districts in that province. The purpose of this article is to share how the authors used evidence to plan physician leadership development and to explore the additional situational and contextual factors and considerations needed for implementation.
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Wang, Zhipeng, Wei Dai, Yuan Shi, Meijian Bai, Qunchang Liu, and Xin Zeng. "Optimizing the planting structure in Daxing District in 2020 based on inaccurate two-stage planning model and grey model." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824602052.
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In order to optimize the planting structure and use water more efficiently, an inaccurate two-stage planning model is proposed in this paper. This model can not only reflect uncertainty of the probability distribution in the form of the possible distribution interval, but also build a recourse relationship between expected benefits and penalties for failing to achieve target goals. The two-stage planning model, combined with the gray GM (1.1) model, is applied to Daxing district of Beijing to optimize and adjust planting areas of the grain crops, fruits and vegetables, and garden plots in 2020. In the meantime, three scenarios were established for comparative analysis. Results show that after optimization, the economic benefits of above-mentioned three planting areas in Daxing district in 2020 is 3.71 billion CNY, an increase of 348 million from 2016 CNY; the total water consumption is 64.17 million cubic meters, a decrease of 62.79 million cubic meters from 2016. Results indicate that this model method is feasible for optimizing planting structure, and to some extent, can provide decision-making support and a theoretical basis for planting structure optimization and prediction in similar areas to Daxing district.
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Kuzmenko, Yu. "Great Grey Owl Strix nebulosa (Strigiformes, Strigidae) Breeding and Reproduction in Polisskiy Nature Reserve, Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 52, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0027.
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Abstract A Great Grey Owl population on the territory of Polisskiy Nature Reserve (Olevsk and Ovruch District, Zhytomyr Region, Ukraine) was investigated in 2006–2008, 2013–2016. The main breeding locations were mesotrophic mires, where the lack of Birds of Prey nests made owls to breed on artificial constructions. Reproductive indexes of mean clutch size were similar to such indexes achieved in 1985–1996, and indexes of mean number of fledglings on active nest and breeding success decreased reliably.
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Guseev, Yu V., О. V. Мtlyyk, E. A. Gladyr, and N. A. Zinovieva. "THE POLYMORPHISM OF FIVE MICROSATELLITE DNA LOCI IN THE STUDY OF GRAY UKRAINIAN AND BULGARIAN GREY CATTLE BREEDS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 52 (November 1, 2016): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.52.27.
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The problem of preserving genetic diversity as a component of the environment, has recently become global. Among the cattle breeds that require special attention in terms of preserving genetic diversity is grey steppe cattle. Grey steppe cattle are very ancient livestock, representatives of grey steppe cattle in Ukraine is Ukrainian Grey, in Bulgaria – Bulgarian Grey breed. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of allele diversity of Ukrainian Grey and Bulgarian Grey cattle breeds using microsatellite DNA loci. This analysis was performed on 32 animals of Ukrainian Grey breed bred in the LLC "Holosiyevo", Brovary district, Kyiv region. Their genetic studies were carried out in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics of Animals in the center of biotechnology and molecular diagnostics of the All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (Dubrovitsy vil., Moscow reg.). Genomic DNA was isolated from the biological material obtained from the earmark, according to the method described by N. A. Zinovieva and co-authors. Genetic analysis of Ukrainian Grey and Bulgarian Grey breeds was conducted at five microsatellite DNA loci: BM1824, BM2113, ETH225, SPS115, TGLA126, which are included in the list recommended by the ISAG-FAO for genotyping of cattle. The data on Bulgarian Grey breed were used after Teneva A. et.al. (2005). Electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis was performed on the device MegaBace 500. For identification of alleles of studied loci MS Genetic Profiler 2.0 software was used. These alleles of each animal were summed to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The resulting matrix of genotypes served as the basis for the statistical processing of the results. For statistical data processing software Cervus 3.0.3, PowerStatsV12 (Promega), GENALEX 6 was used. The studies carried out in 5 microsatellite DNA loci identified 26 alleles in Ukrainian Grey breed and 30 alleles in Bulgarian Grey breed. The SPS115 locus in both breeds identified 7 alleles, with the highest frequency of allele 248 bp. At Ukrainian Grey breed in BM2113 locus the highest frequency was discovered at the alleles 135 and 139 bp, while in micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed the highest frequency was demonstrated by the allele 133 bp. In BM1824 locus allele 188 bp has the highest frequency. Alleles 188 and 192 are present only in the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed. In the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed allele 184 is identified with frequency of occurrence 0.386. In ETH225 locus in the micropopulations of Ukrainian Grey and Bulgarian Grey breeds 6 loci were revealed. Allele 152 was present only in the group of Ukrainian Grey breed, and allele 158 with frequency 0.043 and allele 146 with frequency 0.129 were identified only in the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed. The highest frequency of alleles in the studied Bulgarian Grey breed was at allele 140 with frequency 0.371, and in the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed it was at allele 148. In TGLA126 locus 7 alleles were identified: 109, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125. Allele 115 was detected only in the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed, and allele 109 with frequency 0.014 and allele 121 with frequency 0.014 were detected only in the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed. Furthermore, the quantity of the informative value of the used markers (PIC) was calculated. The larger the value for the PIC locus is, the more informative the locus is as a marker. According to Botstein et al. the locus with PIC > 0.500 value is very informative (high polymorphic); with 0.5 > PIC > 0.25 is informative enough (moderately polymorphic); and with PIC < 0.250 is slightly informative. In the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed the highest value was observed at loci BM1824 PIC = 0.710, and ETH225 PIC = 0.710. In the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed most polymorphic loci were BM2113 PIC = 0.790 and ETH225 PIC = 0.740. The average value of Na at Ukrainian Grey breed was 5.2 alleles in five loci; in the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed the average value of Na was 6.0 alleles; the average value of the observed degree of heterozygosity Ho in micropopulations of Ukrainian Grey breed was 0.656, at Bulgarian Grey breed it was 0.783. The expected degree of heterozygosity He at Ukrainian Grey breed was 0.704, at Bulgarian Grey breed it was 0.813, that indicates a greater genetic diversity in the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed. The total average value of Fis in the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed was 0.074, at Bulgarian Grey breed it was 0.030. The excess of heterozygotes was detected in the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed on loci BM2113 and BM1824 (18.2 and 2.5%, respectively), in the micropopulation of Bulgarian Grey breed it was detected on BM1824 locus (15.1%). Heterozygosity deficit was identified on all the loci, with the exception of the loci BM2113 (-0.182) and BM1824 (-0.025) in the micropopulations of Ukrainian Grey breed and BM1824 locus (-0,151) in Bulgarian Grey breed. The highest value Fis was found in SPS115 locus (0,444) of Ukrainian Grey breed. Precisely this can explain the high deficit of heterozygosity in the micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed. This study confirms the effectiveness of the use of microsatellite DNA loci to characterize the genetic diversity of populations of grey steppe cattle bred in many countries around the world. Ukrainian Grey and Bulgarian Grey breeds are genetically very similar to each other. The genetic analysis shows that they have a low genetic variability, although in both micropopulations deficit of heterozygotes was detected, but it was higher in micropopulation of Ukrainian Grey breed. The results may be useful in breeding grey cattle breeds, to monitor them in order to preserve their genetic diversity.
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Mizanur Rahman, Md, and Mohammed Masum. "WHITE CLAY DEPOSITS AT DIFFERENT AREAS OF MADHABPUR AND BAHUBOL UPAZILA, HABIGONJ DISTRICT, BANGLADESH." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13095.
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A detail geological investigation was carried out in order to explore white clay deposite at 10 square kilometer areas of Madhabpur and 0.5 square kilometer areas of Bahubal Upazilas in Habiganj District of Bangladesh using hand auger and shallow drilling method. The whole surveyed area was identified for white clay deposits from qualitative as well as quantitative aspect. These deposits were marked at depths from 0.2 meter to 8.0 meter below the surface. Average thickness of white clay at Madhabpur and Bahubol area are 4.0 meter and 5.0 meter, respectively. The estimated reserve of white clay at Madhabpur area is about 68 million tons and that at Bahubal area is 2.8 million tons. Geological investigation suggests that the source rock near Tripura ranges was weathered, transported and deposited as feldspathic sandstone surrounding the present deposition of white clay. Later the sandstone was exposed and much of its feldspar content were weathered to the clay mineral (Kaolinite). Along with white clay peat, peaty clay, sticky clay and silica sand were also observed at depths ranging from 1.5 to 8 meter. Collected white clay samples are yellowish grey to light grey in color and highly compact in dry condition but pasty in wet condition. The dry white clay is soapy to feel, slakes in water, moderately sticky and plastic in nature. Al2O3 content ranged from 25.51 to 27.61% while average SiO2, and Fe2O3 content were found 54.58 and 3.872% respectively. Considering the physical and chemical properties the white clay of the studied area can be considered as moderate to good in quality. This white clay can use in ceramics and other industries. Therefore, this deposit of white clay may help to meet the current national demand and consequently to increase the economic growth.
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Reznikova, Yu M. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINIAN GREY CATTLE AND SOME SPECIALIZED BEEF BREEDS BY ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 52 (November 1, 2016): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.52.29.
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For the last years significant reduction of breeding farms has led to decrease in the number of populations and these trends are particularly concerning beef livestock, competitiveness of which is lower compared with dairy cattle-breeding. There is observed to decrease not only number of indigenous populations, which aren’t able to compete on productivity, but also native specialized cattle. So, population of Ukrainian Beef breed declined 1,5 times (8 breeding farms, 2733 head, 1135 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 3, 1824, 665 respectively on January 1, 2016), Polessian Beef breed – 2,2 times (27 breeding farms, 8904 head, 3705 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 10, 4113, 2157 respectively on January 1, 2016), Ukrainian Grey – 1,2 times (4 breeding farms, 1075 head, 437 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 2, 903, 341 respectively on January 1, 2016).The reality of the recent years indicates that some native beef cattle breeds can be considered as local and as needing conservation in the nearest future.
Thereby, the aim of our work was to study dynamics of growth, productivity and reproductive ability of breeding stock of Ukrainian Grey breed compared with Ukrainian Beef, Polessian Beef having been created with its participation, and Blonde d'Aquitaine – a foreign specialized beef breed being bred under the same conditions.
Materials and methods.The investigations were carried out at the herds of SE «Polyvanivka» Research Farm», Magdalynivka district, Dnipropetrovsk region and AF «Klen», Zhovkva district, Lviv region at breeding females of Ukrainian Grey (n = 279), Blonde d'Aquitaine (n = 42), Ukrainian Beef (n = 159) and Polessian Beef (n = 100) breeds. The indicators of growth rate, reproduction, and productivity were analysed based on data of zootechnical primary account registered at breeding farms.
Results of research. Comparison of averages by a group found that the Ukrainian Grey animals were characterized by slightly lower figures of live weight at all the investigated ages. Under the same growing conditions, live weight of the Ukrainian Grey animals at the age of weaning was 14 kg (P < 0,001) less compared with the Ukrainian specialized beef breed (Ukrainian Beef) and by 19 kg (P < 0,001) less compared with the French specialized beef cattle (Blonde d'Aquitaine). The results are quite predictable that the indigenous breed isn’t able to compete with specialized beef cattle.
The Ukrainian Grey animals were characterized by lower figures of average daily gain of live weight almost for all the investigated age periods with the greatest difference from birth to weaning – 56 g (P < 0,001) compared with Ukrainian Beef and 79 g (P < 0,001) compared with Blonde d'Aquitaine. The Ukrainian Grey heifers at the age from 1 to 2 years were characterized by almost the same growth rate as Ukrainian Beef and Polessian Beef contemporaries and predominated slightly over Blonde d'Aquitaine.
The greatest difference was observed between milk ability of the Ukrainian Grey and Polessian Beef cows within 15-21 kg (P < 0,001). Predominance of cows of other studied breeds over Ukrainian Grey was 13 kg (P < 0,001) after the 1st calving, 14-19 kg (P < 0,001) after the 2nd calving and 11-15 kg (P < 0,001) after the 3rd calving. Reliable differences in calving interval weren’t revealed between Ukrainian Grey and Ukrainian Beef, Blonde d'Aquitaine (except for calving interval between the 1st-2nd calving).
Comparative analysis of age repeatability of live weight revealed that gradual reduction of repeatability coefficient with each distance from the age of 210 days or 1 year was characterized for the animals, kept in "Polyvanivka" breeding farm. So, the highest age repeatability was observed at adjacent periods – 210 days-1 year, 2-3 years. Higher levels of age repeatability of live weight were found at the Polessian Beef and Blonde d'Aquitaine animals.
The results of research of Ukrainian Grey cows’ productivity should not be assessed pessimistically, because productivity for indigenous and local breeds has never been the main traits in their preservation. It is studied to monitor their state.
Conclusions. So, indigenous Ukrainian Grey cattle are inferior to all the investigated beef breeds by productivity that caused by its triple-purpose specialization with working ability at the first place in the past. The significant high and middle levels of age repeatability indicate the possibility of effective selection of Polessian Beef and Blonde d'Aquitaine heifers on live weight at weaning (210 days), whereas for Ukrainian Grey and Ukrainian Beef animals at 1-years’ age. No reliable correlation of live weight with milk ability was found at the Ukrainian Grey, Polessian Beef, and Blonde d'Aquitaine cows and inverse correlation of live weight at 4-years’ age with milk ability after the 2nd calving – at the Ukrainian Beef cows.
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Nancarrow, Susan A., Alison Roots, Sandra Grace, and Vahid Saberi. "Models of care involving district hospitals: a rapid review to inform the Australian rural and remote context." Australian Health Review 39, no. 5 (2015): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14137.
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Objectives District hospitals are important symbolic structures in rural and remote communities; however, little has been published on the role, function or models of care of district hospitals in rural and remote Australia. The aim of the present study was to identify models of care that incorporate district hospitals and have relevance to the Australian rural and remote context. Methods A systematic, rapid review was conducted of published peer-reviewed and grey literature using CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, APAIS-Health, ATSI health, Health Collection, Health & Society, Meditext, RURAL, PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included ‘rural’, ‘small general and district hospitals’, ‘rural health services organisation & administration’, ‘medically underserved area’, ‘specific conditions, interventions, monitoring and evaluation’, ‘regional, rural and remote communities’, ‘NSW’, ‘Australia’ and ‘other OECD countries’ between 2002 and 2013. Models of teaching and education, multipurpose services centres, recruitment and/or retention were excluded. Results The search yielded 1626 articles and reports. Following removal of duplicates, initial screening and full text screening, 24 data sources remained: 21 peer-reviewed publications and three from the grey literature. Identified models of care related specifically to maternal and child health, end-of-life care, cancer care services, Aboriginal health, mental health, surgery and emergency care. Conclusion District hospitals play an important role in the delivery of care, particularly at key times in a person’s life (birth, death, episodes of illness). They enable people to remain in or near their own community with support from a range of services. They also play an important role in the essential fabric of the community and the vertical integration of the health services. What is known about the topic? Little has been published on the function of small-to-medium district hospitals in rural and remote Australia, and almost nothing is known about models of care that are relevant to these settings. What does this paper add? District hospitals form an important part of vertically integrated models of care in Australia. Effective models of care aim to keep health services close to home. There is scope for networked models of care that keep health care within the community supported by hub-and-spoke models of service delivery. What are the implications for practitioners? This review found limited evidence on the skill mix required in district hospitals; however, the skill mix underpins the extent of service and speciality that can be provided locally, particularly with regard to the provision of surgery and emergency services. International evidence suggests that providing surgical services locally can help increase the sustainability of smaller hospitals because they typically provide high return, short episodes of care; however, this depends on the funding model being used. Similarly, the skill mix of staff required to sustain a functioning emergency department brings a skill base that supports a higher level of expertise across the hospital.
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Soni, Vivek, Prasanta Kumar Dey, Rashmi Anand, Charru Malhotra, and Devinder Kumar Banwet. "Digitizing grey portions of e-governance." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 11, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 419–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-11-2016-0076.
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Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to assess e-governance efficacy in various sectors of India. The paper develops on Grey System Theory (GST) methodology and enlightens grey portions of e-governance in select sectors. Research study identifies few grey criteria which affect implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) applications to support sustainable e-governance. Such criteria are related to information security breaches, information technology (IT) policy implementation, investments and strategic advantages for the various sector developments. Design/methodology/approach Considering “information” as a sensitive element to security for administration and part of dark portion to Indian economy, GST-based COmplex PRroportional ASsessment (COPRAS-G) method is adopted to assess the e-governance efficacy. The method provides flexible multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to assess e-governance in prioritizing the sector alternatives of future strategic development. Priority order of select sectors is estimated, and COPRAS-G method is used in the research study to support decision-making on e-governance. Study compares ten major gross domestic product-dependent sectors based on few grey criteria. These criteria are chosen based on authors’ perspective on this study and feedback received from government officials of district levels under the Digital India-training programme. To address the subjectivity that lies in e-governance grey areas of sector, criteria are also weighted using fuzzy scale. Later methodology-based results are presented to draw a strategic road map for strategic development of the country. Findings On applying COPRAS-G method to predict pessimistic, optimistic and realistic scenarios of e-governance implementation across the ten sectors, high priory order in realistic scenario of results shows that implementation of ICT applications for e-governance should be in the sectors such as environment, climate change and in the railways. Industrial sector is also ranked as the preferred one over the other sectors on the basis of e-governance efficacy assessment. Research limitations/implications Here COPRAS-G method is used as MCDM techniques. However, few other MCDM techniques such as GRA, DRSA, VIKOR, SMAA, SWARA and SAW can be also explored to outrank various Indian sectors to deal with subjectivity in decision-making. Practical implications Implementation of ICT applications to support e-governance varies from sector to sector. ICT-based governance involves high degree of complexity in driving the operations for development of respective sectors. Therefore, government and policymakers need more flexibility to overcome present barriers of sector development. Such research can support decision-making where GST-based COPRAS-G method is able to capture and address the breaches of information security. Moreover, management concern for sector development has been presented on the basis of pessimistic, optimistic and realistic scenarios more precisely. Social implications The results can provide guidance to the academicians, policymakers and public sectors highlighting various possible measures to handle the security breaches in multi-facet intention of sustainable development. The outcomes from MCDM framework can also help in drawing a rough trajectory of strategy, i.e. development of ICTs applications and e-governance process. Originality/value This paper can supplement and act as the support for decision-making in conflicting situations on different flexible scenarios. Moreover, such work can synergize conflicting ideas of decision makers, academics and various other stakeholders of the Indian IT sector.
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Thanh Canh, Truong, Thuy-Trang Thi Nguyen, and Anh Hoang Le. "Water footprint assessment for citizens in Ho Chi Minh city." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i1.1001.
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The research conducted a survey of the water consumption in Ho Chi Minh City through the consumption of products from agriculture, industry and domestic. The research identified green water, blue water and grey water footprints in consuming products. Then personal water footprints were calculated and evaluated. The results showed that the average personal water footprint in district 3 was 1556 m3/year (77.15% for agriculture, 15.59% for industry and 7.26% for domestic), district 10 was 1587 m3/year (77.58% for agriculture, 15.17% for industry and 7.25% domestic), Nha Be district is 1681 m3/year (80.48% for agriculture, 12.97% for industry and 6.55% for domestic) and Binh Chanh district was 1744 m3/year (81.57% for agriculture, 11.88% for industry and 6.55% for domestic). In the individual components of the water footprint, water footprints in consuming agricultural products accounted for the major percentage and determined the personal water footprint. The results showed that the individual water footprints in countryside areas were higher than those in urban areas. Depending on the amount and forms of each individual's consumption, their eating habit and daily activities, and the sexes, the personal water footprints were different. The perception and behavior of individuals' water consumption also significantly influenced the overall personal water footprints.
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Peng, Jian Liang. "Empirical Study on the Relevance B between Manufacturing and Logistics Based on Gray Correlation Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1530.
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The coordination development between Manufacturing and Logistics is important for a district to ensure its healthy and sustainable development. In this paper on the basis of reviewing the research achievements about the relationship between manufacturing and logistics, constructing an evaluation index system about the relationship between manufacturing and logistics, based on the grey relation analysis, an empirical analysis about the quantitative evaluation of coordinating degree between manufacturing and logistics industry in Hangzhou is given to verify the novel evaluation methodology. The results have realistic significance for the government to provide an important scientific basis.
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Cámara, F., F. C. Hawthorne, N. A. Ball, G. Bekenova, A. V. Stepanov, and P. E. Kotel'nikov. "Fluoroleakeite, NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2, a new mineral of the amphibole group from the Verkhnee Espe deposit, Akjailyautas Mountains, Eastern Kazakhstan District, Kazakhstan: description and crystal structure." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 3 (June 2010): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.3.521.
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AbstractFluoroleakeite, NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2 is a new mineral of the amphibole group from the Verkhnee Espe deposit, Akjailyautas mountains, eastern Kazakhstan district, Kazakhstan. The granites and their host rocks have been intensely reworked by post-magmatic and host-rock fluids, resulting in intense recrystallization, enrichment in F, Li and rare elements, and replacement of primary biotite and sodic-calcic amphiboles by Li-bearing riebeckite, aegirine, astrophyllite and other sodic minerals including fluoroleakeite. Crystals are prismatic parallel to [001] with {100} and {110} faces and cleavage surfaces, and the prism direction is terminated by irregular fractures. Grains are up to 3 mm long, and occur as isolated crystals, as small aggregates, and as inclusions in cámaraite. Crystals are black with a very pale grey to colourless streak. Fluoroleakeite is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 6 and a splintery fracture; it is non-fluorescent with perfect {110} cleavage, no observable parting, and has a calculated density of 3.245 g cm–3. In plane-polarized light, it is pleochroic, X = pale grey-green, Y = medium grey, Z = grey-brown; X^a = 14.1° (in β obtuse), Y ‖ b, Z^c = 75.9° (in β acute). Fluoroleakeite is biaxial negative, α = 1.663(2), β = 1.673(2), γ = 1.680(2); 2Vobs = 80.9(6)°, 2Vcalc = 79.4°Fluoro-leakeite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.8927(3), b = 17.9257(6), c = 5.2969(2) Å, β = 103.990(1)°, V = 905.7(1) Å3, Z = 2. The strongest ten X-ray diffraction lines in the powder pattern are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 2.718(100)(151), 8.434(40)(110), 4.464(30)(021), 3.405(30)(131), 3.137(20)(310), 2.541(20)(), 2.166(20)(261), 2.325(15)(), 2.275(15)() and 2.806(10)(330). Analysis by a combination of electron microprobe and crystal-structure refinement gives SiO2 53.34, Al2O3 0.62, TiO2 1.27, V2O3 0.05, Fe2O3 15.10, FeO 6.00, MnO 2.04, ZnO 0.18, MgO 6.40, CaO 0.13, Na2O 9.08, K2O 1.98, Li2O 1.10, F 3.33, H2Ocalc 0.16, sum 99.39 wt.%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 23 O, is A(Na0.64K0.38)(Na1.98Ca0.02)(Li0.66Mg1.42Fe0.752+Mn0.262+Zn0.02Fe1.693+V0.013+Ti0.144+Al0.03) (Si7.93Al0.07)O22(F1.57OH0.16O0.27). Crystal-structure refinement shows Li to be completely ordered at the M(3) site. Fluoroleakeite, ideally NaNa2(Mg2Fe23+Li)Si8O22F2, is related to end-member leakeite, NaNa2(Mg2Fe23+Li)Si8O22(OH)2 by the substitution F → (OH).
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Gryz, Jakub, and Dagny Krauze-Gryz. "Rare species of birds nesting in the area of the Rogów Forest District in the years 1949–2015." Forest Research Papers 77, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2016-0015.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to combine and summarize data on rare species of breeding forest birds found in the area of the Experimental Forest District near the Rogów village (Łódź Province). Our study area comprised 230 km2 of field and forest mosaic, where forests accounted for almost 17% of the area (13 forest complexes of 35-1000 ha). The results are based on the authors’ own field observations from the years 2000- 2015 as well as historical data since 1949 including original research papers, diploma theses, unpublished manuscripts, oral information and analyses of museum collections. The following criteria were used to categorise bird species as rare: (1) species that ceased breeding in the area, (2) taxa that were under strict protection and their abundance was no higher than 6 breeding pairs. In overall, 10 species were classified as rare, of which three do not breed in the area any more: grey heron Ardea cinerea, osprey Pandion haliaetus, European roller Coracias garrulus. However, non-breeding individuals of grey heron and osprey are still recorded in the area (the last cases of breeding pairs were recorded in the 1970s and 1961, respectively), while the European roller went extinct. In recent years, the abundance of another three species was probably stable: European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo and nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus. Four species started breeding in the last 30 years: black stork Ciconia nigra, white-tailed eagle Haliaaetus albicilla, common crane Grus grus, stock dove Columba oenas. The trends in the abundance of the investigated species are similar to those observed in the country in overall.
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Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Emil Makovicky, Jakub Plášil, Radek Škoda, Atali A. Agakhanov, Ilya I. Chaikovskiy, Evgeny A. Vlasov, and Igor V. Pekov. "Chukotkaite, AgPb7Sb5S15, a new sulfosalt mineral from Eastern Chukotka, Russia." Canadian Mineralogist 58, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000036.
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ABSTRACT The new sulfosalt chukotkaite, ideally AgPb7Sb5S15, was discovered in the valley of the Levyi Vulvyveem river, Amguema river basin, Iultin District, Eastern Chukotka, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, North-Eastern region, Russia. The new mineral forms anhedral grains up to 0.4 × 0.5 mm intergrown with pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, stannite, quartz, and Mn-Fe-bearing clinochlore. Other associated minerals include arsenopyrite, benavidesite, diaphorite, jamesonite, owyheeite, uchucchacuaite, cassiterite, and fluorapatite. Chukotkaite is lead-grey and has metallic luster and a grey streak. It is brittle and has an uneven fracture. Neither cleavage nor parting were observed. Mohs hardness is 2–2½. Dcalc. = 6.255 g/cm3. In reflected light, chukotkaite is white, moderately anisotropic with rotation tints varying from bluish-grey to brownish-grey. No pleochroism or internal reflections are observed. The chemical composition of chukotkaite is (wt.%; electron microprobe) Ag 3.83, Pb 53.67, Sb 24.30, S 18.46, total 100.26. The empirical formula based on the sum of all atoms = 28 pfu is Ag0.93Pb6.78Sb5.22S15.07. Chukotkaite is monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 4.0575(3), b = 35.9502(11), c = 19.2215(19) Å, β = 90.525(8)°, V = 2803.7(4) Å3, and Z = 4. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 3.52 (100) (045), 3.38 (50) (055), 3.13 (50) (065), , 2.82 (25) (066), 1.91 (50) (0 1 10). The crystal structure of chukotkaite was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R = 0.0712 for 3307 observed reflections with Iobs > 3σ(I). Chukotkaite belongs to the group of rod-based sulfosalts. The new mineral is named after the region of its type locality: Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, North-Eastern Region, Russia.
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Al-Amin, M., A. Nahar, A. K. F. H. Bhuiyan, and M. O. Faruque. "On-farm characterization and present status of North Bengal Grey (NBG) cattle in Bangladesh." Animal Genetic Resources Information 40 (April 2007): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002194.
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SummaryNorth Bengal Grey (NBG) cattle are an important indigenous cattle genetic resource found mainly in the northern part of Bangladesh. The study was undertaken at Bogra Sadar, Shibgonj and Kahalu Upazila (sub-district) in the Bogra district. The physical and morphological characteristics, and the productive and reproductive performances of NBG cattle were studied. The coat colour of these animals is deep grey to white. The coat colour of the neck region in adult bulls was found to be generally ashy with a range of shades.The body is small, compact and less fleshy. Ear length and ear width were 18.0±0.17 and 11.0±0.21 cm, respectively. The head length average was 38.0±0.56 cm, the head width 16.0±0.17 cm, the foreleg length average 65.0±0.64 cm, the hind leg length 71.0±0.64 cm, the tail length average 71.0±0.67 cm, the horn length average 9.0±0.39 cm, the horn diameter 10.0±0.37 cm, the average teat length 5.0±0.18 cm, the teat diameter 6.0±0.22 cm, the distance betweenthe front teats 7.0±0.13 cm and the distance between the rear teats 7.0±0.13 cm. Body length, height at wither and heart girth in adult cows were 105.0il.20, 94.0+1.12 and 127.0±1.52 cm, respectively.The recorded highest peak milk production per day was 3.5±0.18 kg, lactation length was 219±6.1 days, and the dry period was 180±6.8 days. The average birth weight of calves was 18.4±0.52 kg and mature live weight of cows 241.0±4.0 kg. The age at first heat was 869±29.6 days, age at first calving 1191±19.7 days, gestation length 281±1.3 days, calving interval 442±7.4 days, postpartum heat period 110±4.2 days and the number of services per conception 1.4±0.6. About 54% of total cattle population was NBG cattle in the surveyed area of Bangladesh. The results indicated that the productive and reproductive performance of NBG cattle was better than other non-descript indigenous cattle of Bangladesh. The study further revealed an obvious need for more in-depth and objective information on wider samples of this type of indigenous cattle in order to assess the future need for conservation and improvement programs to be undertaken.
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Seid, Ahmed, Kefelegn Kebede, and Kefena Effa. "Morphological characterization of indigenous goats in Western Ethiopia: implication for community-based breeding programmes." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 58 (June 2016): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633616000047.
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SummaryAn exploratory field survey was conducted in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia, to phenotypically characterize indigenous goats. Eight qualitative and fifteen quantitative traits from 612 goats were considered. All data were analysed using SAS 9.2, version 2008. The dominant coat colour types in Guduru district were black (35.29 percent), whereas in Amuru district, the dominant coat colour types were white and brown with brown dominant (18.63 percent) and brown (17.65 percent). In Horro district, the dominant coat colour types were grey (21.57 percent) and black and white with black dominant (15.69 percent). Morphometric measurements (body weight (BW), heart girth and body length) indicated that the Amuru and Horro goats were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the Guduru goats. Male goats were consistently higher than female goats in all variables except pelvic width (PW). BW could be predicted from the regression equationy= −45.22 + 1.04xfor does andy= −59.71 + 1.25xfor bucks, whereyandxare the BW and the heart girth, respectively. This phenotypic information serves as a basis for designing appropriate conservation and breeding strategies for goats in the study area. However, it should be substantiated with genetic characterization to guide the overall goat breeding and conservation programmes.
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Barnes, A., and GJE Hill. "Estimating Kangaroo Damage to Winter Wheat Crops in the Bungunya District of Southern Queensland." Wildlife Research 19, no. 4 (1992): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920417.
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In Bungunya district, on the inland fringe of the winter wheat belt in SE Queensland, 2 approaches to estimate crop losses attributable to eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) were assessed during dry conditions. In 1986, an early-season survey established indices of kangaroo usage and crop damage within 250 m of paddock edges. The relationship between these data and final grain yield suggested a minimum reduction in yield associated with kangaroos of 8% for the district. In 1987, yields from exclusion and open plots were used to obtain a direct estimate of kangaroo-associated yield reductions. These indicated a difference in yield of between 10% and 17% for the study area, although not all of this may be associated with kangaroos. Results suggest significant crop losses attributable to kangaroos. However, because of the nature of the research and the assumptions relied upon, the findings provide a guide to the magnitude of losses rather than highly reliable estimate.
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Jyothi, K. M., and P. O. Nameer. "Birds of sacred groves of northern Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (December 26, 2015): 8226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2463.7.15.8226-8236.
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<p>Sacred groves are patches of vegetation preserved due to religious or cultural tradition. They are protected through spiritual beliefs. Sacred groves provide an excellent abode to the biodiversity of the region where they are located. Scientific exploration of fauna from sacred groves of India is few and far between. The present study was conducted to explore the bird diversity and abundance in 15 selected sacred groves of northern Kerala, eight from Kannur District and seven from Kasargod District each. A total of 111 bird species were observed belonging to 49 families and 16 orders. The sacred groves of northern Kerala support many of the ‘forest-birds’ such as the Grey Junglefowl <em>Gallus sonneratii</em>, Asian Fairy-bluebird <em>Irena puella</em>, Tickell’s Blue-flycatcher <em>Cyornis tickelliae</em>, Malabar Trogon <em>Harpactes fasciatus</em>, Heart-spotted Woodpecker <em>Hemicircus canente</em>, Malabar Whistling-Thrush <em>Myophonus horsfieldii</em>, Little Spiderhunter <em>Arachnothera longirostra, </em>etc. The sacred groves of northern Kerala also support two endemic bird species of the Western Ghats, such as the Malabar Grey Hornbill <em>Ocyceros griseus</em> and Rufous Babbler <em>Turdoides subrufa</em>. Five species of raptors and four owl species were reported from the sacred groves of north Kerala during the present study. The breeding of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle has been reported at Edayilakadu Kavu, a sacred grove in Kasargod District. The sacred groves of northern Kerala also supported 17 species of long distant migratory birds. Thazhe Kavu, recorded the Black-headed Ibis <em>Threskiornis melanocephalus</em>, a Near-Threatened bird according to IUCN.</p><div> </div>
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Siva, T., and P. Neelanarayanan. "Impact of vehicular traffic on birds in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 10 (July 26, 2020): 16352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5532.12.10.16352-16356.
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Roads have numerous direct and indirect ecological impacts on wildlife. Roads constitute an extensive and integral part of our environment. Collisions with vehicles kill a large number of birds every year. The present study was carried out from January 2016 to December 2016. The data was collected from Nehru Memorial College to Pavithram Lake of Thuraiyur to Namakkal road of Musiri Taluk, Tiruchchirappalli District. During this study, we recorded a total of 64 birds belonging to 12 species killed due to vehicular traffic. A maximum of 11 birds were killed in the months of January and October, and a minimum of two bird kills were observed in the months of September and December. Of the 64 birds, the roadside mortality was observed to the tune of 25%, 20.3%, 14%, 12.5%, 10.9%, 4.6%, and 4.6% for Southern Coucal Centropus parroti, Common Myna Acridotheres tristis, House Crow Corvus splendens, Spotted Owlet Athene brama, Indian Jungle Crow Corvus culminatus, Yellow-billed Babbler Turdoides affinis, and Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi. Other birds such as Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus, Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis, Shikra Accipiter badius, White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus, and White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus accounted for 1.5% mortality. Suggestive measures to prevent wildlife loss due to vehicular traffic are presented in this communication.
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Burlaenko, Vasilya Z., and Svetlana P. Igasheva. "The analysis of natural radionuclides activity in the soil and vegetation cover in the South of the Tyumen Region." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202093105.
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The paper deals with the study of the radiation state of the soil and herbaceous vegetation represented by perennial grasses (Poa pratensis, Calamagrostis epigejos, Rubus saxatilis, Carex acuta, Phleum pratense) in the south of the Tyumen Region. The content and distribution of natural radionuclides in soil and herbaceous vegetation was studied in the Nizhnetavdinsky District of the Tyumen Region at the site of an underground nuclear explosion. Sampling and laboratory tests were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Soil samples were taken at the epicenter of the explosion and at the cardinal directions. Layer-by-layer sampling allowed us to study the vertical distribution of radionuclides in the soil profile. Sampling of perennial grasses was carried out at the same sampling points. Radiation studies of soil and vegetation samples were carried out on the Progress-2000 spectrometric complex. The authors have revealed specific activity of natural radionuclides (K-40, Th-232 and Ra-226) in the profile of grey forest soil in the Nizhnetavdinsky District. They have calculated effective specific activity of radionuclides in the soil. The comparative analysis of the obtained results with the data on administrative areas in the south of the Tyumen Region showed that in the soil of the Nizhnetavdinsky District specific activity of natural radionuclides is higher than in the South region in general. The specific activity of natural radionuclides in perennial grasses of the Nizhnetavdinsky District was determined, and the coefficient of accumulation of radionuclides was calculated.
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Qi, Dongling, Chuan Yang, Guishui Xie, Zhixiang Wu, and Zhixiang Wu. "Preliminary Study on Seedling Growth Rhythm and Grey Correlation Analysis of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Seedlings in Danzhou District, Hainan." American Journal of Plant Sciences 05, no. 26 (2014): 3866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.526404.
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Peng, J. Q. "Changes in farmers’ income in Fuling District of Chongqing China from 2018 to 2028: A grey prediction method perspective." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 346 (October 14, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/346/1/012009.
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Khan, Khursid A. "Recent Record of Indian Grey Wolf Canis lupus pallipes Sykes, 1831 in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India." Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (JBNHS) 113 (December 1, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17087/jbnhs/2016/v113/119675.
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BEDNARSKI, MICHAŁ, MARCJANNA WIMONĆ, RAFAŁ KOLENDA, EDMUND WLEKLIŃSKI, DAWID KRÓL, and MAREK HOUSZKA. "Primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma in roe deer – a case report." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 75, no. 02 (2019): 6206–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6206.
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Lung adenocarcinoma develops after the neoplastic transformation of pneumocytes or bronchial epithelium. It is chronic and slowly progressive in nature and the clinical signs are only seen in cases that have developed tumours of considerable size. There has been no report of lung adenocarcinoma in game animals. This case study reports a lung adenocarcinoma in a 4-year-old dead roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Forest District Piaski, Greater Poland Province of Poland. During necropsy, a large mass measuring 15 × 20 cm was found in the caudal lobe of the right lung. The tumour was of grey or pinkish-grey colour, solid texture and had a clear delineation between the affected and non-affected areas. In the remaining lobes, numerous small nodules of 2-20 mm in diameter with a similar structure were found. A great deal of mucoid and mucopurulent fluid throughout the bronchial tree was observed. The thoracic lymph nodes were found enlarged. The histological analysis identified the large mass found as bronchoalveolar papillary lung adenocarcinoma. The PCR for JSRV was performed and the result was negative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the lung adenocarcinoma in a roe deer.
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FAIRE, LUCY, and DENISE MCHUGH. "Twelve shades of grey: encountering urban colour in the street in British provincial towns, c. 1945–1970." Urban History 46, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392681800038x.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the neglected sensory experience of visual physical colour in the city/town centre or what is now referred to as the Central Business District. It focuses on the post-war period when reconstruction, town planning, new architecture, novel materials and technologies, and investment were all transforming British city centres. The research uses film, photographs, planning documents, oral history and social media reminiscences to research the users’ experience of colour in the city centre streets. It argues that, although new materials in construction opened up the possibilities of bright, ‘non-natural’ colours in the urban built environment, the visual experience of colour was found mainly in the ephemera of everyday life. Furthermore, it argues that colour was an important component in constructing people's sense of place and belonging in the city.
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Thilker, Christian Ankerstjerne, Hjörleifur G. Bergsteinsson, Peder Bacher, Henrik Madsen, Davide Calì, and Rune G. Junker. "Non-linear Model Predictive Control for Smart Heating of Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124609005.
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Smart and flexible operation of components in district heating systems can play a crucial role in integrating larger shares of renewable energy sources in energy systems. Buildings are one of the crucial components that will enable flexibility in the district heating by using intelligent operation. Recent work suggests that such improved operation at the same time can increase thermal comfort and lower economic costs. We have digitalised the heating system in a Danish school by adding IoT devices, such as smart thermostats and temperature sensors to demonstrate the possibilities of making buildings smart. Based on experimental data, this paper introduces a non-linear grey-box model of the thermal dynamics of the building. A non-linear model predictive control method is presented for the thermostatic set-point control of the building's radiators. Based on the building model and the control algorithm, simulation studies are carried out to show the flexibility potential of the building. When used for lowering the return temperature the results suggest that operational costs can be lowered by around 10% using predictive control.