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Journal articles on the topic 'Greeting'
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Wibowo, Ridha Mashudi, and Agustin Retnaningsih. "DINAMIKA BENTUK-BENTUK SAPAAN SEBAGAI REFLEKSI SIKAP BERBAHASA MASYARAKAT INDONESIA." Jurnal Humaniora 27, no. 3 (April 9, 2016): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v27i3.10587.
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Greetings are one of the tangible proofs of human communications. One greets someone else because of the need to communicate. In this communication, the relationship between the two people communicating influences the choice of greeting forms. The selection of a greeting is assumed to be closely related to the language attitudes and perspectives of the speaker in positioning himself against the hearer. During its development, the use of greetings has shown a quite interesting dynamics. This comprises the development of greeting use, shift of greeting reference, and changes in the acts of greeting. This paper aims to describe the term of addressing used by the society, analiyzing manner and logic structure of the term of addressing, also the actualization and the dynamics of the usage of the term of addressing. Furthermore, to obtain varied data the author determines a population consisting of a number of groups, especially university students. This is with the assumption that in addition to their age level where they are highly productive in using greetings, it is also possible that they have example forms of greetings and acts of greeting. Using speech act theory in sociolinguistics approach data was achieved with observation method in questioner and cards of data. The result of classification was analized with introspection, comparation, and equal-referential method which is formed in formal and informal description. From a number of semi-closed questionnaires listing questions about attitudes and selections of greeting the author obtains some results. These are a mapping of common greeting forms used by people in general, the background of common greeting forms used by people, and the actualization as well as dynamics of the use of greeting forms in Indonesian speech society.
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Atika, Istikhorini. "GREETING AND LEAVE TAKING AMONG NATIVE SASAK IN LOMBOK." Linguistik Indonesia 38, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v38i1.97.
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Greetings and leave-takings are conversational routine used to maintain person’s relationship in society. However, each culture may have different ways of expressing them. In English, the common greetings and leave-takings pattern used are time-free and time-bound greeting expressed by good afternoon, good evening, good night, nice to meet you and so forth. These are not found in Sasak, so they may cause problem for native Sasak speaker to understand another culture greetings and leave takings; conversely for non-native Sasak speaker who intends to learn them as well. The aim of this study is to find out the forms of greeting and leave taking that appear in Sasak. This study uses ethnography design. To collect the data, observation sheet is utilized. Then, using Haliday’s theory of time-free and time-bound greeting, the data is analyzed by comparing and contrasting greeting and leave-taking patterns used in English and Sasak. The result of the study indicates that Sasak types of greeting and leave taking consist of time-free and time-bound greeting. However, these forms are not exactly the same with common English greeting and leave-taking, they tend to be more phatic utterance (speech act which function to show solidarity and empathy). Therefore, the English curriculum linked with greeting and leave-taking material needs to be associated with Sasak greeting and leave-taking forms in order to create students’ better understanding.
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Nilsson, Jenny, Stefan Norrthon, Jan Lindström, and Camilla Wide. "Greetings as social action in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish service encounters – a pluricentric perspective." Intercultural Pragmatics 15, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2017-0030.
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Abstract While greetings are performed in all cultures and open most conversations, previous studies suggest that there are cross-cultural differences between different languages in greeting behavior. But do speakers of different national varieties of the same language organize and perform their greeting behavior in similar ways? In this study, we investigate the sequential organization of greetings in relation to gaze behavior in the two national varieties of Swedish: Sweden Swedish spoken in Sweden and Finland Swedish spoken in Finland. In recent years, the importance of studying pluricentric languages from a pragmatic perspective has been foregrounded, not least within the framework of variational pragmatics. To date, most studies have focused on structural differences between national varieties of pluricentric languages. With this study, we extend the scope of variational pragmatics through adding an interactional, micro perspective to the broader macro analysis typical of this field. For this study, we have analyzed patterns for greetings in 297 video-recorded service encounters, where staff and customers interact at theatre box offices and event booking venues in Sweden and Finland. The study shows that there are similarities and differences in greeting behavior between varieties. There is a strong preference for exchanging reciprocal verbal greetings, one at a time, in both. There is also a similar organization of the greeting sequence, where customer and staff establish mutual gaze prior to the verbal greetings, thus signaling availability for interaction. The duration of mutual gaze and the timing of the greeting, however, differ between the two varieties. We have also conducted a multi modal analysis of gaze behavior in correlation to the greeting. We found that the customers and staff in the Finland Swedish data share mutual gaze before and during the verbal greeting, and often avert gaze after the verbal greetings. However, in the Sweden Swedish data, the participants often avert gaze before the verbal greetings. Our results thus indicate that both similarities and differences in pragmatic routines and bodily behavior exist between the two national varieties of Swedish. The present study on greeting practices in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish should contribute to the field of variational pragmatics and to the development of pluricentric theory.
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Rwakakindo, Ibrahim D. "A sociolinguistic analysis of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours in Kisubi." Language in Africa 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2021-2-1-41-61.
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This paper analyses the greeting system of Kisubi. It specifically seeks: to identify temporal greeting patterns in Kisubi; to determine whether age and gender do dictate the kind of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; to examine different kinship-specific verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; and lastly, to assess the role of context in the Kisubi greeting system. Observation and face-to-face interview methods were used to gather data from 36 participants who were obtained using snowball sampling technique, and afterwards they were stratified into different strata depending on age, gender and educational status of a person. This stratification led to the attainment of authentic data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis from which different themes emerged. It was established that there are four temporal chunks in Kisubi, each of which is associated with its own greeting term. Age, gender, context and kinship relations also determine the type of greeting terms and the honorifics or deferential terms to use. However, the use of honorifics and/or deferential terms is declining gradually.
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Udiyana, Dilla Dwi, Puspa Djuwita, and Pebrian Tarmizi. "Implementasi Sapa Pagi dalam Pembinaan Etika Sosial Siswa SDN 52 Kota Bengkulu." JURIDIKDAS: Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar 2, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/juridikdas.2.3.194-201.
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This study aims to describe the implementation of morning greetings in the development to sosial ethics on cultural behavior 5S (smile, greetin, greeting, polite, and courteous). The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research with descriptive method and percentage technique. The subjects of the study were VB students of 26 student.The research instrument is qualitative research that is self researcher, assisted by observation and interview guides plus quesionnaire sheect. Technique analysis of observation data and interview in narration while quesionanaire data(tecnique ercentage). From the result of research with the detail of the research that carry out the 5S culture well as many as 18 student(69,23%),able to undestand the implementation of sapa thismorning to prove the existence of the relationship of the morning greeting and behavior of the student, as many as 24 student(92,30%)23 students (96,15%)were able to have greeting attitude,as many as 23 student(88,46%)23 students(88,46%) able to have polite attitude. So the cunclusion of this study is that it can be said that the students of VB class have been implementing culture 5S well.
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Perdana, Indra, and Achmad HP. "BANJARESE GREETINGS SYSTEM IN DISTRICT KAPUAS OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.012.17.
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Research on the study of the use of greeting in Banjarese which stay in Kapuas District of Central Borneo.This Research focused to describe the greeting word used by the people, particularly the greeting word in Banjarese used by the first generetion in Kapuas. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection by observation with a look at, involved notes. Sources of research data used is the preference of all speech that is displayed by 1) Aged over 30 years, 2) Native language studied. 3) Knowing its own culture, 4) The Banjarese are the first generation derived from Banjarmasin, 5) The Banjarese who had lived in Kapuas. Based on this research shows 1) Greetings kinship to greet our parents (father + mother) → (+ Uma Abah); Greetings kinship parents to greet our father and mother (grandfather + grandmother) → (kai + nini); Greetings kinship to greet parents our grandparents are corrected; Greetings kinship to greet both parents protested was waring; Greetings kinship to say hello (brother + sister) → (kaka + ading). Greetings kinship to say hello if our children have children (grandchildren) → (grandchildren); Greetings kinship to say hello if we have children and grandchildren is a great-grandfather. And 2) The system of daily greeting, to call people who may be called ikam lifetime, lives. I use the word, unda to appoint themselves. As for honor or call older used the word pian, and said ulun to appoint its own self.
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Andersson, Anton, Christofer Edling, and Jens Rydgren. ""In Sweden we shake hands" - but are we really." Sociologisk Forskning 54, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37062/sf.54.18240.
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Motivated by a recent controversy over handshaking, a survey of the personal networks of young Swedes (n=2244) is used to describe greeting practices across social class, gender, immigrant background, and geographic location. While greeting practices in the sample are fairly uniform, there are also important differences. Handshaking is predominantly used by respondents with an immigrant background, men and women distinguish between greetings depending on the gender of the person they are greeting, and greeting practices differ between northern and southern Sweden as well as between rural and urban areas.
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Putu Istri Aryasuari, I. Gusti Ayu, I. Ketut Darma Laksana, and Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini. "JENIS-JENIS DAN BENTUK T-V YOBIKAKE OLEH REMAJA JEPANG." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 25, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2018.v25.i02.p03.
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This study aims to determine the types of greetings and forms of T-V greetings used by Japanese teenagers. Sources of data used are data in the form of questionnaires, list of questions, and supported by data sourced from Japanese movies and Japanese cartoons (anime).
The theory used is the theory of types of yobikake according Hiromi and Theory T-V Brown-Gillman (1960). Methods and techniques of data provision are made with questionnaires and interview methods to Japanese adolescents. Methods and techniques of data analysis are performed by referential reference method. Methods and techniques of presentation of data analysis results use informal and formal methods.
Result of research shows that there are three kinds of greeting found. The three types of greeting, personal pronouns 'ninshoo daimeshi', greeting of the suffixed name of self / form Mr / Mrs 'keishou', and greeting in the term kinship 'shinzoku yougomei'. The greetings that are found contain the T-V form. Greetings of personal pronoun of the form of T found are atashi, ore, boku, jibun, wa-shi, a-shi, wa-shitachi, atashitachi, oretachi, uchira, anta, omae, kimi, temee, omaetachi, and minna. Greetings personal pronouns of V form found are watakushi, watashi, watashitachi, anata, anatatachi, minasama and minasan. The greetings of suffixed self name containing T shapes are greetings with the suffixes ~ kun and ~ chan. The greetings of suffixed self name containing V-shapes, are greetings with suffixes ~ sama, ~ dono, and ~ san. Greetings in the term kinship that contain the form T are ojiichan, jiiji, obaachan, baaba, papa, oyaji, otou, mama, okaa, kaasan, onii, oniichan, oneechan, neechan, and imoutochan. Greetings in the term kinship containing the form V, are ojiisan, obaasan, otousan, okaasan, oniisan, ani, ane, otouto, and imouto.
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Jones, Lucas, Wilson Ha, Jennifer Cadnum, and Curtis Donskey. "What’s in a Handshake? Exploring the Best Form of Greeting to Prevent Hand to Hand Spread of Viruses." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s433—s434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1096.
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Background: Respiratory and enteric viruses are highly contagious pathogens that can be spread by contaminated hands and surfaces. We hypothesized that alternatives to handshake greetings that reduce the time and surface area of hand contact would be associated with decreased transfer of viral particles. Methods: In a simulation of hand-contact greetings, volunteers (N = 22) used a keyboard contaminated with the benign bacteriophage MS2 and then performed a handshake and fist bump with additional volunteers. To assess viral transfer, hands were cultured for MS2, and plaque-forming units (PFU) were compared for the different types of hand contact. Additional simulations (N = 10) were conducted to compare viral transfer with the fist bump versus a cruise tap greeting (ie, a modified fist bump involving single knuckle contact). Results: The handshake greeting resulted in significantly greater transfer of MS2 than the fist bump (1.31 vs 0.54 log10 PFUs, P < .001) (Fig. 1A), but the frequency of transfer of virus was high for both greetings (91% transfer by handshake vs 59% by fist bump). The cruise-tap greeting did not result in reduced transfer of viral particles in comparison to the fist bump (Fig. 1B), and the frequency of transfer remained high (70%). Conclusions: The fist-bump and cruise-tap greetings could potentially reduce transmission of viruses in comparison to the handshake, but transfer occurred frequently, even with these greeting methods. To eliminate hand-to-hand transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses, alternative greeting methods that do not involve physical contact are needed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Astuti, Sri Puji. "Tegur Sapa Penjual dan Pembeli di Pasar Tradisional Surya Kusuma Semarang." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.1.147-155.
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The market is where sellers and buyers meet. Meeting the sellers and buyers in traditional markets cause them to greet each other. For that purpose, they use the greeting word in interacting. What greetings are used in the traditional market of Surya Kusuma Semarang is discussed in this paper. Data collection was done by using observation method developed with basic technique of tapping and advanced technique in the form of notes technique and recording technique. Based on the results of research of greeting words used in traditional markets covers pronouns, relatives, limbs, title, profession, greeting intimate, and greeting where self. Speakers use greeting words by considering physical appearance, gender, and age. The greeting word is used by the seller to greet the buyer with the intention of captivating the buyer. Therefore, his merchandise is selling well
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Arrasyid, Iqbal, Ermanto Ermanto, and Novia Juita. "PENGGUNAAN KATA SAPAAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI NAGARI KOTO SANI KECAMATAN X KOTO SINGKARAK KABUPATEN SOLOK." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 6, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/81037270.
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This study aims to describe (1) the form of kinship words, (2) the form of non-kinship greeting words, (3) the use of kinship words, and (4) the use of non-kinship greeting words in the Minangkabau language in Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency used by speakers in everyday life. This study includes the type of qualitative research with descriptive methods. Sources of data from this study are oral sources from the people of Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Solok Regency. The focus of this research is the Minangkabau language greeting in Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency. Data collection is done by using the refer and proficient method. The steps in this study are transcribing the recorded data into written language, identifying data in accordance with the aspects studied, classifying research data by creating tables based on the aspects studied, interpreting data, and concluding data based on the results of the study. The results obtained in this study are First, the greeting of the nuclear family with 48 greeting words and broad family kinship words with 64 greeting words. Second, the word non-friendship greeting said non-religious friendship words there are 12 words of greeting, the word non-traditional friendship greeting there are 8 words of greeting, the word non-friendship address is 14 greeting words, and the word non-general address greetings are 15 greeting words.Keywords : kata sapaan, bahasa Minangkabau, Nagari Koto Sani
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Yeniningsih, Taat Kurnita, Nelvi Maulid, Hayati Hayati, Aida Fitri, Israwati Israwati, Dani Sukma Agus Setiawan, and M. Syukri Azwar Lubis. "Motoric Development of Children Through a Variety of Greetings." JURNAL SERAMBI ILMU 22, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/si.v22i1.2672.
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Types of greetings are the kinds of movements that result from the greeting process in the form of greetings to someone / another person which will have an impact on the child's motoric skills from the various greeting movements. Variety of greetings is synonymous with the diversity produced by the greeting itself, thus creating gestures similar to greetings. The kinds of greetings referred to are in the form of Assalamu'alaikum, movements of shaking hands, gestures of hugs and clapping movements. The purpose of this study was to determine children's motoric development through the application of various greetings at IT Mon Kuta Kindergarten in Lambhuk Village, Banda Aceh. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques, namely through interviews and observations. The data analysis technique in this study is a collection of data that has been obtained from the results of children's observations that researchers have done since the beginning of each aspect of research activities, the results that have been collected are entered into the observation sheet. The results showed that the children's motoric development had started well. The motoric development of the child is done through a variety of ways, namely that the child can mimic movements and control movements. So, through various greetings activities can develop children's motoric aspects.
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Elhami, Ali. "A Socio-pragmatic Perspective of Spanish and Persian Greeting." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1009.01.
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Due to an increasing number of migration of Iranians to Spain and language and cultural problems they might face in the new society, a model of socio-pragmatic contrastive analysis was used with the intention of comparing the Spanish and Persian verbal and nonverbal greeting forms with the aim of helping Iranian immigrant in Spain for having a better understanding of cultural differences in greeting forms. In this study, the naturalistic context was used for both Spanish and Persian forms of greeting. This study shows two Spanish and two Persian patterns for greetings to show the differences and similarities between Persian and Spanish greeting to be a help for Iranian immigrants who are newcomers in Spain to be able to adapt themselves to Spanish culture which greeting is a part of it.
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Nur’aini, Hesti Indah Mifta, St Y. Slamet, and Budhi Setiawan. "Arabic Greeting Variations in Surakarta (Sociolinguistic Studies)." Hortatori : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 09–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jh.v2i1.57.
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This study aims to describe the variation of the greeting words used by Arabians in Surakarta. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data in this research is the speech language used by the Arab ethnic community in Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta by searching for linguistic features on the variation of the word greeting. Sources of data were obtained from informants who were Arabs in Surakarta. Technique of data analysis using technique of padan. Based on analysis results can be concluded that the variation of Arabic greeting of Arabian community in Surakarta has its own peculiarities. Such distinctiveness is indicated through the greetings associated with pronouns, kinship, social status, and professions used by Arabs more still influenced by the Arabic element. Nevertheless, some of the greetings have shifted in Indonesian and Javanese.
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Goodness, Devet. "The Pragmatics and Sociolinguistics of Maasai Greetings." Utafiti 15, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15010025.
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Abstract The speech act of greeting is one of the most frequent linguistic interactional routines performed among the Maasai of Arusha in Tanzania. The structure of their greetings demonstrates a number of culturally specific features of Maasai society, illuminated by analysing data collected through interviews and non-participatory observations of both men and women. The structure of Maasai greetings highlights the importance of maintaining gentility and exercising deference in everyday affairs. Politeness and civility are demonstrated by acknowledging vertical ranking between those who greet each other; sustaining propriety is determined by recognition of social status and by a heightened gender sensitivity which is ever present. Good manners are performed not only by following verbal codes scrupulously, such as tone of voice and word choice; non-verbal signals are just as important in the demonstration of Maasai etiquette; these include the posture adopted when a greeting is initiated, the adjustment of spatial distance and by whom once a greeting has commenced, the manner of shaking hands, as well as the length of time spent greeting.
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W.S., Hasanuddin. "Minangkabau Language Greeting System In Creative Text Works: A Case Study on Modern Indonesian Fiction Minangkabau Local Color and Lyrics of Popular Modern Minangkabau Songs." Humanus 19, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v19i2.108619.
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This article contains a discussion of the Minangkabau language greetings in the text of creative work. This discussion is a case study of how the Minangkabau greeting is used in modern Indonesian fiction of the local Minangkabau color and in the text or lyrics of popular modern Minangkabau songs. The word Minangkabau greeting, especially those that are semantic in the text of creative work, is used in certain situations that are closely related to factors of narrative, ethnicity, and kinship. Several types of semantic-style greetings are found in self-names, kinship, traditional titles, educational outcomes, positions, deeds, other greetings, and figures of speech. The use of Minangkabau greeting words in the text of creative works can be viewed positively because the text of creative works has indirectly functioned as (1) the documentation system for naming systems in the Minangkabau language, (2) the maintenance and development media for intangible cultural heritage in the form of Minangkabau language greetings . The maintenance and development of this intangible cultural heritage is important in view of the advances in science and technology, as well as the opening of the globalization stream which allows the tradition of using greetings in the Minangkabau language by the successor generation due to the influence of modernization and the lifestyle of modern (urban) societies.
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Sultan, Arni Arsyad. "ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN GREETINGS AS ADJACENCY PAIRS: A PRAGMATIC STUDY." Elite English and Literature Journal 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elite.v7i1a4.
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A speaker customarily opens the conversation by saying greeting to his or her interlocutor. At a glance, greetings maybe not a complicated activity but for the most part, they are highly conventionalized and follow patterned routines. Despite it, the pattern or sequence of greetings along with its type is dynamic and developed. The research aimed to describe the kinds of verbal and non-verbal greetings customarily shown in every exchange, to reveal the sequence of English and Indonesian greetings as adjacency pairs in social exchange. The data consists of English collected from "Twelve Years a Slave" while Indonesian data are obtained from observation, record, and field notes. Both of the data are analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research indicates that there are four types of Indonesian sequential greetings uncovered by Firth's theory, characterized by interjection-question, question-body language, interjection-invitation, and invitation. Each is used in a single utterance for each pair. Second, English data indicate the sequences of greetings uttered by first pair and second are symmetrical, body language preceding question, and body language, on the other hand, Indonesian greeting sequence, the researcher finds an asymmetrical pattern, question preceding question, body language, and visual response. Miscellaneous greeting sequences also appeared in both such as affirmation and facial expression, question and affirmation, affirmation and invitation, invitation and affirmation, and also question and direct answer.
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Santiar, Lea, and Jascha Dewangga. "The Usage of 'Otsukare' among Japanese Students." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v9i2.48999.
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Greetings are one of the keys to strike a conversation. The relationship between the speakers could be measured through the greetings used. Therefore understanding greeting usage is necessary for maintaining an interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, there seems to be a difference between greetings thought within Japanese textbooks and greetings in daily usage. Thus, this study will discuss the usage of ‘otsukare’ in Japan, especially amongst Japanese university students. The textbook "Minna no Nihongo" will be used to comprehend how aisatsu is taught to Japanese language learners. In this research, Japanese university students will answer a questioner regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’. A questionnaire was designed based on sociolinguistics concepts to discover how Japanese university students use ‘otsukare’, such as when to whom, and in what manner. 40 university students of native Japanese participated and as the result, four points were discovered regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’ First, ‘otsukare’ is used to greet seniors, juniors, and friends. Second, native Japanese speakers prefer to use ‘otsukare’ on departing. Third, nevertheless, some people also use ‘otsukare’ to greet people as an opening greeting. Native Japanese speakers consider the usage of ‘otsukare’ in the morning as opening greetings is not against the rule of greetings. Finally, the gap between Japanese teaching abroad is that ‘otsukare’ is not proper to be used as an opening greeting.
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Mbenzi, Petrus Angula, and Justina Meluwa Latenda Amakali. "Iho popitha aantu? – Don’t you greet people?" JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i2.1389.
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This paper is intended to investigate the socio-pragmatic context of Oshiwambo greetings. There is a dearth of literature on the intricacies of Oshiwambo forms of greeting and the metamorphosis that it has undergone to date. Thus there is a need to investigate the present state of Oshiwambo greetings. The paper is pegged on Austin’s Speech Act theory that emphasizes that utterances are the production of words and sentences on particular occasions by particular speakers for particular purposes. In view of that, Oshiwambo greetings are expressed to convey a specific message to the addressee by the addressor. Two approaches were employed to collect information for this paper namely, ethnographic approach to gauge the impact of Euro-western culture on Oshiwambo greetings and, documentation to dissect the socio-pragmatic context of Oshiwambo forms of greetings. The paper focuses on the functions, situations and types of greeting that exist in Oshiwambo. It further focuses on the paralinguistic and extra-linguistic features which complement the forms of greetings. The analysis has shown that greetings are an integral part of interactional discourse and serve as a prelude to the establishments of social relationships and that they can vary according to the age of the interactants and the circumstances under which the greetings take place. The paper further reveals that there are circumstances in which no exchange of greeting is expected. In the final analysis the paper reveals that western culture has an effect on the extra-linguistic features which accompany greetings thus both verbal and non-verbal modes of greetings are partly westernized.
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Facci, Serena, and Alessandra Ciucci. "The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial. By Serena Facci. Translated by Alessandra Ciucci." Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 10 (April 24, 2020): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/emt.v0i10.30278.
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Akazehe is one of the names in Burundi for forms of sung greeting performed exclusively by women. Studies carried out during the colonial era (in particular Rodegem 1965, 1973) and in more recent times (Ndimurwanko 1985-6) have shown how the contents of these greetings among women are closely linked to the feminine world in which these greetings are used—in specific private and public spaces in accordance with rural tradition. Although these greetings were becoming less common at the time the research for this article was conducted, the author was able to record a number of akazehe after listening to examples of them in the sound archives of the Centre de civilisation burundaise.
A greeting is defined by linguists as a formalized parenthesis that defines, reiterates, and encloses the relation between two participants. The formulaic character of a greeting makes it different from ordinary speech. In the case of the akazehe, the greeting emphasizes gestural and sound qualities to such an extent that it creates a veritable musical texture.
This article presents transcriptions and analysis of some models of akazehe, focusing on one that features procedures of vocal interlocking. The two parts—gutera and kwakira—are organized according to musical rules that manifest a strong spirit of cooperation between the two women who sing the two parts in dialogue. Furthermore, well-defined rules of exchange for the two roles semantically remind us of the social equality between the two participants. The musical enrichment of the time reserved for the greeting is experienced as amusing by the performers. The greeting also represents an opportunity for artistic expression in a social reality that otherwise allows few performance spaces for women.
Citation: Facci, Serena. The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial. Translated by Alessandria Ciucci. Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 10. Bloomington, IN: Society for Ethnomusicology, 2020.
Originally published in Italian as "Akazehe del Burundi: saluti a incastro polifonico e cerimonialità femminile." In Polifonie: Procedimenti, tassonomi e forme: una reflessione a più voci, edited by Maurizio Agamennone, 123-61. Roma: Bulzoni Editore, 1996.
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Colmenares, Fernando. "Greeting Behaviour in Male Baboons, I: Communication, Reciprocity and Symmetry." Behaviour 113, no. 1-2 (1990): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00446.
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AbstractMatrilineal structures are typical of many species of Old World monkeys including the savanna baboon. Both isosexual dyads of females and heterosexual dyads frequently reach the stage of greatest social compatibility, i.e. grooming. Male dyads, in contrast, very rarely reach such stage, they show instead marked mutual intolerance and overt aggressive competition. Grooming and other forms of physical contact are fairly frequent between adult males in the patrilineal society of chimpanzees. In the hamadryas baboon, also with patrilineal organization, adult males do not groom with each other but they frequently exchange greeting interactions, particularly in contexts of excitement provoked by social tension. Species-specific differences (savanna versus desert baboons) in the morphology of greeting interactions have also been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and function of this category of non-agonistic interactions recorded over a period of 9 years between 20 males members of a well-established colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, P. cynocephaus and their hybrids, housed in a large, open enclosure in the Madrid Zoo. Greetings were conceptualized as interactions, i.e. in which each participant's action is examined in relation to that of the other interacting partner. A description and qualitative analysis were provided of the morphology (i.e. facial, vocal, manipulatory and contact, postural and orientation, and locomotory patterns) and properties (i.e. reciprocity/non-reciprocity, and symmetry/asymmetry) of greeting interactions. The most significant feature of greeting interactions was the three-stage pattern of performance observed, corresponding with the phases of approximation, proximity, and retreat. In each phase, characteristic behavioural patterns were displayed, some were quite stereotyped but others seemed to be rather influenced by the identity of, and social relationship of, the interacting males, and also by the immediate social context of the interaction. A quantitative analysis of 1583 greeting interactions and 1039 aggressive episodes between the 20 study males was then carried out. Individual males were assigned to one of the following classes of reproductive status: subadult (SA), follower (FW), new leader (NL), prime leader (PL), old leader (OL), and old follower (OFW). It was found a correlation between a male's status class and the frequency with which he played several different roles in greeting and aggressive interactions. Greeting interactions were typical of mature males (FWs, NLs, PLs, OLs, and OFWs), but very especially of reproductive males (NLs, PLs, and OLs). Their rate of participation (both as initiator and recipient) was positively related both to the size of their harem (e.g. prime leaders) and to the potentiality to increase the harem size by taking over new females (e.g. prime and new leaders). Males at its prime reproductive period (i.e. PLs) showed the highest rates of involvement in symmetrical greetings, and the males who were reaching that stage (i.e. NLs) were the ones who most frequently refused to reciprocate a greeting approach. As males approached the stages of higher reproductive potential their rates of symmetrical, i.e. non-contact and notifying, greetings increased. In contrast, the contact patterns observed during asymmetrical greetings were mostly displayed in interactions in which at least one of the participants was either an immature or a young nonreproductive (i.e. follower) male. Reproductive males, i.e. prime and new leaders, were the most frequent initiators and recipients of both greeting and aggression. Examination of the morphology of greeting interactions, particularly of the symmetrical and unreciprocated greetings, i.e. the approach/retreat non-contact pattern, that were typical of prime and new leader males, and of the contexts in which both aggression and many greeting episodes took place, i.e. agonistic conflicts and competition over resources, suggested that these two categories of behaviour might share some causal factors and that they might be regarded as two alternative strategies to deal with a similar problem, namely, the resolution of conflicts. In many cases, greeting may be regarded as a quasi-aggressive behaviour aimed at testing a potential or actual rival's tendencies in a competition situation rather than as a category of affiliative or friendly behaviour. Greeting in baboons is a nice example of a non-stereotyped behaviour in a higher animal, in which relational and interactional properties can be studied, and in which, as discussed in the paper, all the traditional ethological issues of causation, development, function, and evolution can be addressed.
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Arrosyad, M. Iqbal, and Fandi Nugroho. "Development of Variations in Greetings Before and After Learning the Moral Character of Students in Elementary Schools." Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 12, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/dinamika.v12i2.8233.
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The development of various greetings before and after learning is made to provide additional references and treatment from teachers to students in interesting learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a variety of greetings before and after learning in Public Alementary Cchool 5 Mendo Barat. The research method used is the Research and Development method with the Thiagarajan Four-D development model which consists of four stages of research, namely (1) defining, including initial analysis, student analysis, concept analysis, and formulation of learning objectives; (2) planning (design) media selection, format selection, and preparation of various greeting media before and after learning; (3) development, including expert validation and testing; and (4) disseminate, including reproduction, socialization, and reflection. The results of this research. The definition stage 1) there is no media variation of greetings before and after learning; 2) lack of student moral character, and 3) teachers do not have information or references related to variations in greetings before and after learning. Researchers began to design a variety of greeting media with preface, table of contents, contents, author's biography, and back cover, on A4 paper size and 12 pt Garamond font. The variety of media greetings before and after learning resulted from the teacher's response to 93.33% of the process. It can be seen from the greeting activities before and after learning the moral character of students. The moral character is not indifferent when invited to discuss, resulting in 60% of the 20 students, the character of piety including a sense of responsibility and good cooperation of the students as much as 60%, the character of polite and respectful with students greeting by shaking hands every time they go to school, speaking politely 70% of teachers and friends, the character of manners in the form of like to help friends if asked for help as much as 70%.
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Nurhadi, Zikri Fachrul, Achmad Wildan Kurniawan, Abdul Rofi, and Iis Zilfah Adnan. "KOMUNIKASI KEBERAGAMAN TENTANG MAKNA UCAPAN SALAM OM SWASTIASTU ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA." Alhadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 19, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/alhadharah.v19i1.3859.
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This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the pros and cons of greeting Om Swastiastu among officials. The purpose of this study is to find and explain more deeply about the motives, experiences and meaning of Om Swastiastu's greetings for communication between religions. The research method used in this research is the phenomenology method. While the data collection techniques used are non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, literature study and documentation. The subjects of this study were government officials or apparatuses who said Om Swastiastu greeting, amounting to 7 people and taking informants using purposive sampling. The results showed that the future motives (in order motive) greetings from Om Swastiastu were self existence and tolerance and motives from the past (because motive) greetings from Om Swastiastu were due to internal encouragement, the spirit of nationality, a sense of nationalism and the principle of neutrality. While the experience of saying Om swastiastu greetings is divided into pleasant experiences (positive), that is feeling valued, getting new political relations, good treatment, sympathy and growing solidarity between people while the unpleasant experience (negative) is mandating unfavorable treatment, derision in the form of harsh words, criticism and stay away from and considered to have no stance. While the meaning of Om swastiastu's greetings is to pray for salvation in the Hindu version, a word of thanksgiving and a greeting.
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Ladyanna, Sonezza. "SALAM DAN KINESIK DALAM BEBERAPA BAHASA." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2012.11103.
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Greetings, along with its kineses, vary from one language to another, showing the culture of the speakers. This article discusses the system of greetings with their kineses in several languages from different continents. The research was conducted by taking into account some environmental, geographical, and socio-cultural factors of the users of the languages. The method of the research is a combination of some linguistic methods and cultural methods. The use of greetings in Indonesian, Korean, Arabic, Hungarian, Spanish, Swedish, and Swahili has a relationship with the natural state of the speakers. The greeting system in relation to the time of morning, afternoon, evening, and night can be classified into two classes. People living in areas with the time division of the morning, afternoon, evening, and night tend to use clear time-based greeting.
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Opoola, Bolanle Tajudeen, and Jelili Adewale Adeoye. "A Sociolinguistic Consideration of Intermediation in Greeting Discourse among the Yòrúba of South West Nigeria." Journal of Language and Literature 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v19i2.2131.
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<p><em>Existing studies on Yorùbá greeting forms dwell on the appropriateness of their use, with respect to time of the year, event, condition, occupation, vocation, context, politeness and content. The studies portray greetings as discourse between two people or parties who are capable of exchanging pleasantries. None of the existing works has discussed intermediation in greeting discourse among the Yorùbá people such that greetings that are directed to the second person(s) such as toddlers, extremely sick persons, kings and the bereaved are answered on their behalf by a third party. This paper examines intermediation and the rationale in greeting discourse among the Yorùbá people. The data for this study were drawn from participant observation, Yorùbá literature texts, and Yorùbá home movies. The Mutual Contextual Beliefs Theory of Pragmatics as proposed by Bach and Harnish (1979) was adopted for the data analysis. The study established, among other things, that greetings are sacrosanct in Yorùbá culture and the answer/reply is obligatory, irrespective of the state, status, circumstance and condition of the person(s) being greeted. It is also shown that intermediation in greeting discourse could be for politeness, incapacitation, authority and educating the young ones.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>greetings, intermediation, cultural constraints, situational constraints</em></p><p>_________________________________________</p><p>DOI > <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.24071%2Fjoll.2019.190207">https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.2019.190207</a></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p> </p>
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Juniati, Sri. "Penggunaan Kata Sapaan pada Percakapan Siswa SDN Langkang Lama Kecamatan Pulau Laut Timur Kabupaten Kotabaru." CENDEKIA: JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33659/cip.v8i1.154.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the use of greeting words in the conversation of SDN Langkang Lama students in Kotabaru district? This type of research is the type of field research by presenting the data used in this study as a qualitative method. Because the data collected is in the form of words, picture sentences and not numbers. That was caused by the application of qualitative methods. Data sources in the implementation of this study were primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study by observation, recording, listening and note taking. And data analysis techniques namely data recording transcripts, data translators, data analysis and finally draw conclusions. The results showed that the use of greetings in students 'conversation at SDN Langkang Lama, Kotabaru Regency, namely the greeting words of respect found in students' greetings to greet teachers and greet other students found as many as 29% who were included in the classification is very low. In the usual greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher and greet other students found as many as 32% included in the low classification. In rough greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher or other students found as many as 39% included in the low classification .
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Licoppe, Christian. "Skype appearances, multiple greetings and ‘coucou’." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 27, no. 3 (October 2, 2017): 351–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.27.3.03lic.
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Abstract This paper analyses the organization of ‘openings’ in Skype video-mediated conversation. It uncovers order in their apparent complexity by showing the relevance of a particular sequential adjacent pair organization, the appearing/noticing sequence, and its particular instantiation as an appearance-for-the-first-time greeting. The paper shows how this is a crucial resource in establishing a joint video interactional frame for the parties involved. This accounts for the occurrence of some specific phenomena in Skype openings, such as multiple greetings, and for the use of greetings which reflexively index their being occasioned by an appearance and related greeting, such as the French ‘coucou’, even when these do not occur at the start of Skype calls. When analysed this way, Skype openings, though complex, can be seen as an accomplished ‘dance of appearances and multiple greetings’.
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Mamah, Juliana Ginika, Jacinta Ukamaka Eze, Bestman Esegbuyiota Odeh, and Ifeanyi John Nwosu. "Documentation of Endangered Dialect of the Igbo Language: Issues of Greetings in Enugwu Ezike Dialect." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1201.13.
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This paper studies the documentation of endangered dialect of the Igbo language: Issues of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect. The objectives of the study are to identify different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike, examine the extent to which other dialects, standard Igbo or English language are preferred in greetings in Enugwu Ezike and also to proffer measures through which the greeting patterns can be revitalised. The data for the study were gathered through introspection and unstructured oral interview. Using descriptive method of data analysis, the study discovers different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect ranging from daily greetings, greetings to the sick, farewell greetings, seasonal/ periodic greetings, eulogy/praise greetings etc. The study also discovers that many speakers of Enugwu Ezike dialect especially the younger generation prefer the greeting patterns of other dialects and languages. In order to avert this ugly phenomenon, the study suggests measures towards reviving this aspect of the dialect which are through documentation, awareness-raising through programs on radio and television stations, involving the young people via social media and the loyalty of the speakers towards their dialect. The study therefore recommends that researchers from Enugwu Ezike extraction should endeavour to work on other aspects of Enugwu Ezike dialect that is under threat of endangerment or outright extinction.
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Annushkin, Vladimir I., Tatyana V. Shalamova, and Elena B. Shtukareva. "Genre of New Year greetings in social networks." International Journal “Speech Genres” 30, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2311-0740-2021-2-30-144-153.
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The article examines the content and stylistic features of modern greeting discourse in social networks based on the texts of the professional community of business coaches and communication specialists in social networks. This type of greeting discourse is conventionally referred to a written electronic formal professional discourse variety. The content and style of these texts, on the one hand, preserve the cultural traditions of greeting speech rhetoric, on the other hand, they require innovative ideas and new means of expression. Congratulations become one of the informational reasons for creating advertising messages. Through the texts of greetings, their authors promote ideas and advertise their companies. When focusing on a common system of common places-ideas, communication in social networks requires content-stylistic dynamism and a variety of language tools, which are manifested in the contamination of bookish style and professional terms with colloquial and argotic elements. Each author tries to create their own style, expressing their ideas either in the expanded figures of speech, or in the utmost conciseness. It is necessary to state spelling and punctuation negligence, as well as sometimes deliberate violation of punctuation rules as a stylistic device. The greeting discourse in social networks is an expressive example of modern trends in the “use of language” and the creation of a “language taste of the era”. Creative innovations in the compilation of greeting texts in social networks require an active “introspection” of the activities of philologists themselves, who also participate in such greeting events and could become “legislators of style and taste”. Therefore, the article ends with examples of greeting texts written by specialists in Russian philology who show creative ingenuity and style originality in creating such texts.
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Mocanu, Mihaela, and Anca-Diana Bibiri. "Greetings and farewells in contemporary Romanian: a sociolinguistic approach." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 866–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0046.
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Abstract The Romanian language is characterized by an extremely prolific paradigm of greeting and farewell formulae, used in various communicational contexts and able to fulfil complex communicative functions. Starting from the assumption that the selection of greeting and farewell formulae performed by the speakers is determined by extralinguistic factors such as their educational background, professional status, social relationships and the like, this study attempts a description of the variation registered by the use of greetings and farewells in contemporary Romanian, in formal and informal communication contexts, in relation to three sociolinguistic variables: age, gender and level of education. The resulting analysis indicates that the subjects’ age and level of education generate the highest variation at a formal level, whereas their gender is, on the other hand, responsible for differences at a functional level, as the respective greeting and farewell formulae display different degrees of affective load.
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ONOSE, GELU. "Greeting." BIOPHILIA 1, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14813/ibra.1.1.
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SAITO, Y. "Greeting." Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 58, no. 6 (2015): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.58.197.
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Galli, CL. "Greeting." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109105833.
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Oro, Luis A. "Greeting." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2007, no. 18 (June 2007): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200790038.
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Oro, Luis A. "Greeting." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2007, no. 25 (September 2007): 4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200790062.
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Fraser, Jane. "Greeting." Seminars in Speech and Language 6, no. 02 (May 1985): e113-e113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1085191.
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Fiore, Thomas M., and Marek Žabka. "Greeting." Journal of Mathematics and Music 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17459737.2013.790583.
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TAKIZAWA, Shigeo, (Taki). "Greeting." BIOPHILIA 1, no. 1 (2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14813/ibra.1.2.
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Bailey, M. Nell. "Greeting." BIOPHILIA 1, no. 2 (2002): 2_11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14813/ibra.1.2_11.
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Stone, John H. "Greeting." BIOPHILIA 1, no. 2 (2002): 2_12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14813/ibra.1.2_12.
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Amemiya, Natsuo. "Greeting." BIOPHILIA 1, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14813/ibra.1.3.
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Szabó, G. "Greeting." Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 3, no. 3 (May 1999): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100060050111.
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Yamazaki, Toshimitsu. "Greeting." Nuclear Physics A 478 (February 1988): xxv—xxvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(88)90824-x.
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Takushima, Akihiko. "Greeting." Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53045/jprs.2021-0031.
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Serlin, Maria Floriana. "Sapaan Kekerabatan pada Guyub Tutur Bahasa Lio." Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v7i1.553.
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Abstract
This study aims at describing the kinship greeting in Lio's speech using sociolinguistic theory. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data collection uses the method of listening, proficient and fishing rod. This means that researchers directly communicate with informants to gather information about kinship greetings in Lio's spoken language. Both of these methods are complemented by interview, note-taking, and documentation techniques.
The results showed that in the kinship relationship based on lineage (direct linkage) in Lio's speech in Ende district, there were 16 greeting words, namely Ema, Ine, Babo, Mamo, Eda, No`o, Weta, Nara, Ka`e, Aji, Ana mamo, Ana embu, Ame du`a, Ine du`a, Ame Lo`o and Ine Lo`o. It is stressful that there are 13 kinship greeting words based on the line of marriage in Lio's speech, namely Ema (tu`a), Ine (tu`a), (Ana) tu`a, Ane, Tata / fai eda, No`o, Haki no` o, Weta, Nara, Kae, Aji, Ipa, and Eja.
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Lassan, Eleonora. "The Mental Scenarios and Internet Genre Etiquette of Different Cultures (Based on Online Greetings in Four Languages)." Respectus Philologicus 22, no. 27 (October 25, 2012): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2012.27.15334.
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This article analyses online greetings in the Russian, Polish, Lithuanian and German languages. The author treats greetings as a speech act which helps the addresser to remind the addressee of his/her good attitude towards him/her on the basis of a particular occasion—the addressee’s birthday. The author analyses this speech act in relation to the specific communicative and mental scenarios of the culture to which the speaker belongs. The entirety of standard speech acts and the combination of intentions of the speakers form a genre. The genre of modern online greetings seems contiguous to folklore genres, because most of the texts do not have authors. Moreover, these texts move from one Internet site to another, resulting in a wide circle of “implementers”—users.The author distinguishes some typical characteristics of online greetings among the four cultures. An emphasis on the figure of the speaker and an incantatory character are typical of Russian greeting texts. Happiness, health and eternal youth are the key objects of these Russian texts. Russian greetings are related to the future. German greetings are mainly related to the birthday celebration itself. Greetings are often related to a review of life: on this occasion the addressee is encouraged to reflect on whether s/he has lived the past year appropriately. The word courage (Mut) is constantly repeated in German greetings, whereas this word is absent from the Russian greetings. The figure of the speaker is marginally expressed in Polish greetings. The sweetness of life is present in Polish greetings, whereas it is observed neither in German nor in Russian texts. May all your dreams come true is a cliché element of Polish greeting texts. Lithuanian greetings distinguish themselves by their melancholic tone.The author relates the detected specific features of online greetings to the ideas of philosophers and historians on the unique means of expressing one’s national character.
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Dal Pesco, Federica, and Julia Fischer. "On the evolution of baboon greeting rituals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1805 (June 29, 2020): 20190420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0420.
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To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus Papio is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male–male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male–male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours’.
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Huttenlauch, Clara, Ingo Feldhausen, and Bettina Braun. "The purpose shapes the vocative: Prosodic realisation of Colombian Spanish vocatives." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 1 (April 2018): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000597.
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The question of whether intonation contours directly signal meaning is an old one. We revisit this question using vocatives in Colombian Spanish (Bogotá). We recorded speakers' productions in three pragmatic conditions – greeting, confirmation-seeking, and reprimand – and compared proper names (vocatives) to situation-specific one-word utterances, such as¡Hola!‘Hello’ (non-vocatives). Intonational analyses showed no direct one-to-one correspondence between the pragmatic conditions and intonation contours: (a) for vocatives, e.g. a rising–falling contour occurred in both greetings and reprimands; and (b) for non-vocatives, e.g. a step-down contour (a.k.a. calling contour) occurred in both greeting and confirmation-seeking conditions. Looking beyond intonation to consider other phonetic variables – spectral tilt, duration, alignment of tonal targets, f0-range, f0-slope – the results showed that the intonation contours that occurred in more than one pragmatic condition differed in phonetic realisation, e.g. rising–falling vocatives showed differences in f0-range of the rise and spectral tilt. However, the corresponding non-vocatives did not show the same differences. Furthermore, vocatives in greeting contexts were realised differently from non-vocatives in greeting contexts. In sum, the pragmatic condition affects the prosodic realisation of (non-)vocatives, but the relationship is complex. The results are discussed in the light of prosodic constructions, leading to the conclusion that the prosodic realisation of vocatives and non-vocatives in Bogotá Colombian Spanish cannot be easily modelled by prosodic constructions.
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Suryatin, Eka. "PERGESERAN PENGGUNAAN KATA SAPAAN OLEH GENERASI MILENIAL BANJAR DI KOTA BANJARBARU." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v5i1.39383.
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<p><em>This study was designed to describe the change in greeting words used by the Millennial Floods in Banjarbaru City and the factors that influence them. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection by refer to the method. Data analysis was performed using the matching method and the advanced technique of the Determination of the Determination Element (PUP) technique. The data used consists of greetings used by the millennial generation of Banjar in Banjarbaru. The research data source consisted of utterances delivered by the Banjar millennial generation in Banjarbaru. The results showed the greeting words used by the Banjar millennial generation in Banjarbaru City increased rotation. Occurs when family runs, kinship, and intimacy. The most shifted form of greeting words occurs in the realm of the family, namely the immediate family. The displacement language used by the millennial flood generation, namely Indonesian and languages (Arabic and English) even has the Banjar language itself. Factors that influence change, namely the existence of urbanization, the progress of science and technology, the language of prestige, and generation over.</em></p><p> </p>
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KOBAYASHI, Shinichi, and Shinichiro UEDA. "Greeting, Foreword." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 39, no. 5 (2008): 146S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.39.146s.
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