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Léveillée-Dallaire, Xavier, Jasmin Raymond, Jónas Þór Snæbjörnsson, Hikari Fujii, and Hubert Langevin. "Performance Assessment of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers under a Greenhouse in Quebec, Canada." Energies 16, no. 15 (July 25, 2023): 5596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155596.
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Among the various approaches to agriculture, urban greenhouse farming has gained attention for its ability to address food security and disruptions to global food supply chains. However, the increasing impact of climate change and global warming necessitates sustainable methods for heating and cooling these greenhouses. In this study, we focused on the potential of slinky-coil horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) to meet the energy demands of urban greenhouses, assuming they are installed beneath the greenhouse to optimize space utilization. Climate data, an energy consumption profile for a greenhouse being designed in La Pocatière (Québec, Canada) and in-situ ground thermal properties assessments were used to build numerical models using FEFLOW and to evaluate the performance of the HGHEs simulated. Four scenarios were simulated and compared to a base case, considering the greenhouse’s maintenance of a constant temperature above an HGHE limited to the greenhouse’s dimensions. Our findings reveal that a minimum of 7.1% and 26.5% of the total heating and cooling loads of a small greenhouse (133 m2 area) can be covered by HGHEs installed at a 1.5 m depth when there is no greenhouse above. When installed under a greenhouse with a constant inside temperature of 21 °C, the coverage for heating loads increases to 22.8%, while cooling loads decrease to 24.2%. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the constant temperature in the greenhouse reduces the system’s reliance on surface temperature fluctuations for both heating and cooling, albeit with reduced efficiency for cooling.
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Rasheed, Na, Lee, Kim, and Lee. "Optimization of Greenhouse Thermal Screens for Maximized Energy Conservation." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 3592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193592.
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In this work, we proposed a Building Energy Simulation (BES) dynamic climatic model of greenhouses by utilizing Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS 18) software to study the effect of use of different thermal screen materials and control strategies of thermal screens on heat energy requirement of greenhouses. Thermal properties of the most common greenhouse thermal screens were measured and used in the BES model. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.84 and 0.78 showed good agreement between the computed and experimental results, thus the proposed model appears to be appropriate for performing greenhouse thermal simulations. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effects of different thermal screens including; Polyester, Luxous, Tempa, and Multi-layers, as well as to evaluate control strategies of greenhouse thermal screens, subjected to Daegu city, (latitude 35.53 °N, longitude 128.36 °E) South Korea winter season weather conditions. Obtained results show that the heating requirement of greenhouses with multi-layer night thermal screens was 20%, 5.4%, and 13.5%, less than the Polyester, Luxous, and Tempa screens respectively. Thus, our experiments confirm that the use of multi-layered thermal screen can reduce greenhouse heat energy requirement. Furthermore, screen-control with outside solar radiation at an optimum setpoint of 60 W·m−2 significantly influences the greenhouse’s energy conservation capacity, as it exhibited 699.5 MJ · m−2, the least energy demand of all strategies tested. Moreover, the proposed model allows dynamic simulation of greenhouse systems and enables researchers and farmers to evaluate different screens and screen control strategies that suit their investment capabilities and local weather conditions.
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AL-ASADI, H. H. "GREENHOUSE COST INDEX METHODOLOGY BASED ON THE DIVERSE REGIONS OF IRAQ." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 1271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.20.
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Greenhouses have become widespread structures that create an ideal microclimate for growing crops worldwide. A greenhouse is a structure that allows people to regulate climatic conditions, such as, temperature and humidity. There are many different designs of greenhouses, but generally, these buildings include large areas of transparent material to capture the light and heat of the sun. They also offer protection from unfavorable weather conditions and pests, providing a popular solution for crop production worldwide, including Iraq, which uses alternative energy sources for climate control. Using machine learning models has helped design different greenhouse types; however, their ability to predict costs and designs based on features is yet to exist. Therefore, to address these issues, this study aimed to develop cost-effective and user-friendly greenhouse systems through two different approaches: Firstly, the use of random forests (RFs) model with the highest precision (0.99) formulated the cost of the greenhouse for new input data to calculate a greenhouse cost estimate based on the system's performance as a benchmark while selecting the greenhouse's features through training and testing, and secondly, the use of the farmer's desired price as a basis for developing a greenhouse design. This scientific approach will enable the farming community to manage the costs of various aspects, such as, building materials, energy sources, climate control devices, water and fertilizer delivery, growing substrates, internal logistics, and labor. The presented research will provide farmers with a practical basis that also considers the constraints, i.e., the economy, climate, law, market, and resource availability. It will empower the farmers to make the right decisions regarding greenhouse systems with their specific requirements and circumstances.
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Park, Seok-Keun, Kil-Su Han, Min-Soon Lee, and Changsun Shin. "Implementation of IoT-based carbon-neutral modular smart greenhouse." Korean Institute of Smart Media 12, no. 5 (June 30, 2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2023.12.5.36.
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Recently, in digital agriculture, the types and utilization of greenhouses based on IoT are spreading, and greenhouses are being modernized, enlarged, and even factoryized using smart technology. However, a specific standardization plan has not been proposed according to the equipment for data collection in the smart greenhouse and the size or shape of the greenhouse. In other words, there is a lack of standard data for facility equipment, such as the type and number of sensors and equipment according to the size of the greenhouse, the type of greenhouse construction film and materials suitable for crops and carbon neutrality. Therefore, in this study, the suitability of the implementation, installation and quantity of IoT equipment for data collection was tested, and some standard technologies were presented through the implementation of data collection and communication methods. In addition, impact strength, tensile, tear, elongation, light transmittance, and lifespan issues for PE, PVC, and EVA, which account for about 90% of existing greenhouses, were presented, and the shape, size, and environmental problems of greenhouses made of films were presented. presented in the text. In this research paper, a standardized carbon-neutral modular smart greenhouse using nano-material film was implemented as a solution to environmental problems such as greenhouse size, farm crop type, greenhouse lifespan, and film, and its performance with existing greenhouses was analyzed and presented. Through this, we propose a modularized greenhouse that can be expanded or reduced freely without distinction in the size of the greenhouse or the shape of farmhouse crops, and the lifespan is extended and standardized. Finally, the average characteristics of greenhouses using existing PE, PVC, and EVA films and the characteristics of greenhouses using new carbon-neutral nanomaterials are compared and reviewed, and a plan to implement an expandable IoT greenhouse that supports carbon neutrality is proposed.
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R, Sambasivam, Gogul Ram J. K, and Jayapal M. Leela Krihnan N. Subesh Melwin S. "Automated Greenhouse." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-2 (February 28, 2018): 988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd9554.
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Whittington, R., M. L. Winston, C. Tucker, and A. L. Parachnowitsch. "Plant-species identity of pollen collected by bumblebees placed in greenhouses for tomato pollination." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-192.
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The seasonal variation of pollen collected from different plant species by greenhouse bumblebees was investigated to determine how frequently bumblebees forage outside of commercial tomato greenhouses. Pollen was collected from bumblebees at three greenhouses between February and September 2001 and the plant species identity of pollen collected was determined with light microscopy. A significant amount of non-tomato pollen was collected by bumblebees during one or more months from outside each of the three greenhouses studied. The bees brought back as little as an average of 5% non-tomato pollen between February and September at one greenhouse and as much as 73% during July at another. Therefore, greenhouse tomato growers are probably not obtaining maximum pollination benefit from bumblebee colonies and should address methods to reduce their foraging outside the greenhouse. Key words: Bumblebee, Bombus occidentalis, Bombus impatiens, pollen, greenhouse, tomato
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Koc-San, D., and N. K. Sonmez. "PLASTIC AND GLASS GREENHOUSES DETECTION AND DELINEATION FROM WORLDVIEW-2 SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 21, 2016): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-257-2016.
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Greenhouse detection using remote sensing technologies is an important research area for yield estimation, sustainable development, urban and rural planning and management. An approach was developed in this study for the detection and delineation of greenhouse areas from high resolution satellite imagery. Initially, the candidate greenhouse patches were detected using supervised classification techniques. For this purpose, Maximum Likelihood (ML), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification techniques were applied and compared. Then, sieve filter and morphological operations were performed for improving the classification results. Finally, the obtained candidate plastic and glass greenhouse areas were delineated using boundary tracing and Douglas Peucker line simplification algorithms. The proposed approach was implemented in the Kumluca district of Antalya, Turkey utilizing pan-sharpened WorldView-2 satellite imageries. Kumluca is the prominent district of Antalya with greenhouse cultivation and includes both plastic and glass greenhouses intensively. When the greenhouse classification results were analysed, it can be stated that the SVM classification provides most accurate results and RF classification follows this. The SVM classification overall accuracy was obtained as 90.28%. When the greenhouse boundary delineation results were considered, the plastic greenhouses were delineated with 92.11% accuracy, while glass greenhouses were delineated with 80.67% accuracy. The obtained results indicate that, generally plastic and glass greenhouses can be detected and delineated successfully from WorldView-2 satellite imagery.
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Koc-San, D., and N. K. Sonmez. "PLASTIC AND GLASS GREENHOUSES DETECTION AND DELINEATION FROM WORLDVIEW-2 SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 21, 2016): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-257-2016.
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Greenhouse detection using remote sensing technologies is an important research area for yield estimation, sustainable development, urban and rural planning and management. An approach was developed in this study for the detection and delineation of greenhouse areas from high resolution satellite imagery. Initially, the candidate greenhouse patches were detected using supervised classification techniques. For this purpose, Maximum Likelihood (ML), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification techniques were applied and compared. Then, sieve filter and morphological operations were performed for improving the classification results. Finally, the obtained candidate plastic and glass greenhouse areas were delineated using boundary tracing and Douglas Peucker line simplification algorithms. The proposed approach was implemented in the Kumluca district of Antalya, Turkey utilizing pan-sharpened WorldView-2 satellite imageries. Kumluca is the prominent district of Antalya with greenhouse cultivation and includes both plastic and glass greenhouses intensively. When the greenhouse classification results were analysed, it can be stated that the SVM classification provides most accurate results and RF classification follows this. The SVM classification overall accuracy was obtained as 90.28%. When the greenhouse boundary delineation results were considered, the plastic greenhouses were delineated with 92.11% accuracy, while glass greenhouses were delineated with 80.67% accuracy. The obtained results indicate that, generally plastic and glass greenhouses can be detected and delineated successfully from WorldView-2 satellite imagery.
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Liang, Zongmin, Guifeng He, Yanfeng Li, Zixuan Gao, Xiaoying Ren, Qinan Wu, Shumei Zhao, and Jing Xu. "Analysis of Wind Pressure Coefficients for Single-Span Arched Plastic Greenhouses Located in a Valley Region Using CFD." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020553.
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The wind pressure coefficient is essential for calculating the wind loads on greenhouses. The wind pressure on single-span arched greenhouses built in valleys differs from those in plain regions. To promote our understanding of wind characteristics and ensure the structural safety of greenhouses in valley areas, an analysis of the distribution law of wind pressure on greenhouses is required. Firstly, we carried out a survey on greenhouse distribution and undulate terrain distribution near greenhouses in Tibet and measured the air density in Lhasa, Tibet. Then, employing the validated realizable k-ε turbulence model and the verification of grid independence, the wind pressure on greenhouses with different greenhouse azimuths was investigated. According to the survey results, values, such as the distance between the greenhouse and the mountain in addition to the greenhouse azimuth, were also obtained for calculating the wind pressure on greenhouses placed in valleys. A calculation model considering the relationship between the mountain distance and the wind pressure coefficient is proposed, whose results fit well with the results from computational fluid dynamics. The relative errors between the two different results are within 15%. Research shows that there is a canyon wind effect in the valley area, and its effect on wind pressure should be considered in greenhouse design. This research is valuable for the design of plastic greenhouses built in Tibet or other valley regions.
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Shi, Yu Liang, Ming Dong Chen, and Min Li. "Comparing of Temperature Variation with Different Types Greenhouse." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2128.
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Greenhouse temperature of the three different types was measured under sunny winter weather conditions. The variation regularity of greenhouses temperature with outdoor temperature was studied according to the monitoring data of experimental greenhouse, which was different roof and floor structure. The results showed that the greenhouse temperature of the herringbone roof construction higher than the greenhouse of the serration roof construction; the greenhouse temperature of the serration roof construction is higher than the greenhouse of arch roof construction. Through analysis of temperature variation on the different type greenhouse, it will provide theoretical basis to construct greenhouse in different areas.
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Akpenpuun, Timothy Denen, Wook-Ho Na, Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo, Anis Rabiu, Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya, Kwame Sasu Addae, Hyeon-Tae Kim, and Hyun-Woo Lee. "Effect of Greenhouse Cladding Materials and Thermal Screen Configuration on Heating Energy and Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa var. “Seolhyang”) Yield in Winter." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122498.
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Strawberry cultivation depends on environmental factors, making its cultivation in the greenhouse a challenge in the winter. This study investigated the most appropriate greenhouse cladding material and thermal screen configuration for strawberry production in the winter by considering greenhouse air temperature, relative humidity (RH, vapor pressure deficit (VPD, and solar radiation (SR). Two gothic greenhouses with different cladding materials and thermal screen configurations, namely, the single-layer greenhouse and double-layer greenhouse, were used for strawberry cultivation. The greenhouse microclimate was controlled by natural ventilation aided with circulating fans and boilers. Strawberries were planted on 5 greenhouse benches, 660 stands per greenhouse. Daily environmental parameters were recorded and processed into daytime and nighttime. The impacts of cladding material-thermal screen configurations on temperature, RH, VPD, and SR, and the subsequent effect on strawberry yield in both greenhouse systems, were evaluated. Comparing the environmental parameters recorded in the single-layer and double-layer greenhouse showed that VPD and SR were significantly different in the daytime, whereas RH and VPD were significantly different in the nighttime. The post hoc test further showed that RH, VPD, and SR in both greenhouses were significantly different. The significant difference in RH and VPD can be attributed to the inner layer of polyethene in the double-layer greenhouse, which sealed up the pores of the thermal screen, resulting in humidity buildup, causing a lower VPD than in the single-layer greenhouse. The single-layer greenhouse yield was 14% greater than the double-layer greenhouse yield and can be attributed to the higher daytime VPD and lower RH achieved in the single-layer greenhouse at night. The study established that though the single-layer greenhouse system was cost-effective regarding construction, the operating cost of the single-layer greenhouse was higher than that of the double-layer greenhouse.
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Voytyuk, M. M. "Directions for the Development of the Production Infrastructure of the Greenhouse Industry of the Agro-industrial Complex." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 8 (August 27, 2023): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2023-8-22-24.
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The problems and directions of development of the domestic greenhouse industry are considered, promising measures of state support for the construction and modernization of greenhouses and greenhouse complexes are considered, the need to update the regulatory and methodological documentation for technological design, construction and reconstruction of greenhouses and greenhouse complexes is shown, new construction technologies and materials with improved thermal insulation properties, innovative methods of creating and maintaining a microclimate are presented.
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Henderson, Scott, David Gholami, and Youbin Zheng. "Soil Moisture Sensor-based Systems are Suitable for Monitoring and Controlling Irrigation of Greenhouse Crops." HortScience 53, no. 4 (April 2018): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12676-17.
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Sensor-based feedback control irrigation systems have been increasingly explored for greenhouse applications. However, the relationships between microclimate variation, plant water usage, and growth are not well understood. A series of trials were conducted to investigate the microclimate variations in different greenhouses and whether a soil moisture sensor-based system can be used in monitoring and controlling irrigation in greenhouse crop productions. Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese Gigante’ basil and Campanula portenschlagiana ‘Get Mee’ bellflowers were monitored using soil moisture sensors for an entire crop cycle at two commercial greenhouses. Significant variations in greenhouse microclimates were observed within the two commercial greenhouses and within an older research greenhouse. Evaporation rates were measured and used as an integrated indicator of greenhouse microclimate conditions. Evaporation rates varied within all three greenhouses and were almost double the lowest rates within one of the greenhouses, suggesting microclimates within a range of greenhouses. Although these microclimate variations caused large variations in the growing substrate water contents of containers within the greenhouses, the growth and quality of the plants were unaffected. For example, no significant correlations were observed between the growth of bellflower plants and the average volumetric water content (VWC), minimum VWC, or maximum VWC of the growing substrate. The change in VWC at each irrigation (ΔVWC), however, was positively correlated with the fresh weight, dry weight, and growth index (GI) of the bellflowers. For basil, no significant correlations were observed between plant growth and ΔVWC. This suggests that sensor-based feedback irrigation systems can be used for greenhouse crop production when considerations are given to factors such as the magnitude of microclimate variation, crop species and its sensitivity to water stress, and growing substrate.
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Papadopoulos, Athanasios P. "GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT OPTIMIZATION FOR SEEDLESS CUCUMBERS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 662c—662. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.662c.
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The greenhouse cover has previously been shown to have large effects upon the greenhouse environment, crop productivity and energy use. However, in most cases, because of inadequate treatment replication, the extent of these effects has been impossible to quantify with confidence. In the fall of 1987, a new greenhouse complex of 9 mini greenhouses (6.4m × 7.2m, each) was constructed at the Harrow Research Station on the principles of the 3×3 Latin Square experimental design and with glass, double polyethylene film and double acrylic panel greenhouse covers as the three levels of treatment in the Latin Square. During the spring seasons of 1988 and 1990 the greenhouse cucumber cultivar Corona was cropped in rockwool in all 9 mini greenhouses, under 3 day air (DAT: 18°C, 21 °C and 24°C) and 3 night air temperatures (NAT: 16°C, 18°C and 20°C), superimposed across the rows and columns of greenhouses, respectively, to estimate yield and energy use response to DAT, NAT and greenhouse cover variation. Early marketable yield was highest at the 18/18 and 18/20°C DAT/NAT combinations and final marketable yield was highest at 18°C DAT regardless of NAT. Yield differences due to the greenhouse cover were insignificant. However, there were consistent differences in greenhouse air RH due to greenhouse cover (60%, 70% and 75% daily averages for glass, double polyethylene and double acrylic, respectively). Also, there were significant energy savings with the use of double polyethylene or double acrylic, as compared to glass greenhouse cover, and with low DAT and NAT (28%, 15% and 12% energy use reduction, respectively).
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Scarratt, J. B. "Greenhouse Managers: Beware Combustion Fumes in Container Greenhouses." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61308-4.
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The combustion of fossil fuels produces a number of gases that can be phytotoxic to plants. Managers of container nurseries should be alert to the fact that entry of these combustion gases into the greenhouse environment can have serious effects upon tree seedlings. At high concentrations, seedlings may be severely damaged or killed outright. Chronic exposure to low levels of pollution can significantly reduce seedling growth even when no other visible symptoms are present. Careful design and layout of greenhouse facilities, and vigilance in the operation of heating equipment, generators and vehicles, are essential to avoid the risk of pollution damage. The effects of an incident in which jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) container stock was exposed to non-lethal concentrations of combustion gasses are described.
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Lewis, R. P. W. "THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GREENHOUSES: AN OVERLOOKED EXPERIMENT." Weather 47, no. 2 (February 1992): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1992.tb05777.x.
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BRAKATSOULA, Stella Olympia, Maria KOUSOULA, Christina NIKAKI, Antonios MAVROEIDIS, Alexandros TATARIDAS, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU, Kostas TSIMPOUKAS, and Dimitrios BILALIS. "Economic Analysis of Medical Cannabis Greenhouse Production for Cbd in Greece." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0035.
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A field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural University of Athens in order to evaluate the effect of different greenhouse cover materials on the CBD yield. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L var. Futura 75) plants were grown in three different greenhouses, each constructed with different polyethylene films by PLASTIKA KRITIS S.A. The overall CBD yield per greenhouse was estimated once the cannabis buds matured. Following this evaluation, a business plan was formed for the greenhouse whose cover materials prompted the highest CBD yield. Out of the three greenhouses (GH1, GH2, and GH3), the highest CBD yield was reported on GH2. Two different cover materials, with different properties, were used for the construction of GH2, EVO 7507 AC and EVO 7526 AC. The results indicate that in a five-year span, cannabis production in greenhouses built with the aforementioned materials, could result in a Net Profit of more than 25.000.000 € ha-1. In conclusion, greenhouse cover materials should always be considered in cannabis greenhouse production. Even though greenhouse cannabis production for CBD oil seems to be a potentially profitable business in Greece, selecting appropriate cover materials can significantly increase producer’s profit.
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Al-Shaikh, Rafah Zuhair Dawood, and Sabah A. Dawood Almasraf. "Applying Penman-Monteith Equation to Evaluate the Performance of Atmometer Apparatus in Greenhouse for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration." Journal of Engineering 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.08.10.
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In this paper an atmometer apparatus were used in the greenhouses for estimating reference evapotranspiration values. Experimental work was conducted in the agriculture research center in the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad west of the city of Baghdad. One atmometer was used in eggplant greenhouse and in cucumber greenhouse through the winter growing season 2013-2014. FAO Penman-Monteith equation was applied outside the greenhouse and used only 65% from the value of ETo in the greenhouses for estimating the reference evapotranspiration in the greenhouse. Moreover, Penman-Monteith equation was applied in greenhouses for the evaluating the performance of the atmometer. The results show that the error analyses between FAO Penman-Monteith equation in greenhouse and the atmometer readings, the root mean square difference (RMSD), mean bias error (MBE) and relative error (RE) for eggplant and cucumber greenhouses were: 1.163mm/day, 0.933mm/day, 30.19%, and 0.688mm/day, 0.518mm/day and 22.93%, respectively. A fair agreement was found. While the error analyses between 65% from outdoor ETo of FAO Penman-Monteith equation and the atmometer readings, the RMSD, MBE and RE for eggplant and cucumber greenhouses were: 0.930mm/day, 0.743mm/day, 24.27%, and 0.374mm/day, 0.289mm/day and 12.47%, respectively. A good agreement was found. The atmometer apparatus could be used successfully by researchers and farmers in estimation daily or weekly reference evapotranspiration in greenhouses as well as in low technology greenhouses.
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Huang, Tao, Hongqiang Li, Guoqiang Zhang, and Feng Xu. "Experimental Study on Biomass Heating System in the Greenhouse: A Case Study in Xiangtan, China." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145673.
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To meet the indoor heat load demand of greenhouses in China rural areas in winter, the authors proposed and designed a novel biomass heating system in greenhouses. The system uses biomass flue gas as the thermal working medium and heats the shallow soil inside the greenhouse through the buried flue gas-soil heat exchanger, thereby improving the indoor thermal environment of the greenhouse. To further study the heating system performance, we built up the heating experimental platform in a plastic greenhouse. Through testing the actual operation effect of the biomass heating system of the plastic greenhouse, no taking any heating measures system, the biomass heating system of the plastic greenhouse can improve the air average temperature and the soil average temperature 5.1 °C and 8.2 °C, respectively. The greenhouse biomass heating system is very economical, compared with the greenhouse without heating system, which can bring a 105% excess return rate for farmers every year. This study has obvious significance to promote the sustainable development of rural agriculture and the efficient utilization of rural biomass resources.
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P, Suseela, and Ranghaswami M V. "Effect of Height of Naturally Ventilated Greenhouse on Light Transmission." Madras Agricultural Journal 98, December (2011): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100323.
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Three low cost greenhouses of size 8x4 m each with ridge heights of 3m, 3.75m and 4.5m were designed and constructed with a side and roof ventilation of 30% and 6% respectively. The light intensity inside the greenhouses were found to be much lower than that of outside. The rate of reduction of light intensity inside the greenhouses was found to increase with increase in light intensity. It was observed that, during peak hours (at which light intensity was maximum), lower amount of light intensity was received by the 4.5 m height greenhouse and it was found to increase with decrease in height of the greenhouse. The 3 m and 3.75 m and also 3.75 m and 4.5 m greenhouses were on par in respect of light intensity even at 10% level. But, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of light intensity in 4.5 m greenhouse compared to the 3 m greenhouse.
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Watson, Jonathan A., Celina Gómez, D. E. Buffington, Ray A. Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, and Dennis B. McConnell. "Greenhouse Ventilation." EDIS 2019 (November 26, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ae030-2019.
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Greenhouse ventilation involves removing air from inside the greenhouse and replacing it with outside air. The ventilation may be natural (caused by wind and temperature forces) or mechanical (accomplished by using fans). The purposes of ventilation are to control high temperatures during the summer caused by the influx of solar radiation, to maintain relative humidity at acceptable levels during winter, to provide uniform air flow throughout the greenhouse, and to maintain acceptable levels of gas concentration in the greenhouse. Ventilation systems for greenhouses must be considered for three climatic conditions that typically occur during the year—winter, summer, and spring–fall. This 4-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by J. A. Watson, C. Gómez, D. E. Buffington, R. A. Bucklin, R. W. Henley, and D. B. McConnell, and published by the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2019. AE-10/AE030: Greenhouse Ventilation (ufl.edu)
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Bezari, Salah, Sidi Bekkouche, and Ahmed Benchatti. "Investigation and improvement for a solar greenhouse using sensible heat storage material." FME Transactions 49, no. 1 (2021): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2101154b.
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Greenhouses need energy to create a suitable climate for crop production in winter period. Renewable energy seems to be the appropriate and sustainable energy source to heat greenhouses. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibilities of improving the inner greenhouse climate using sensible heat storage material. A comparative study was conducted upon experimental tests carried out between control and heated greenhouse in a semi-arid region. A new design of greenhouse was proposed that consists of an economical rock-bed with the sensible heat technique for heating system in an integrated H-shape channel. The excess diurnal heat captured by the greenhouse is stored into the system and then restored for nocturnal heating. The results obtained indicate that this thermal storage system is efficient and ameliorates the greenhouse climate. The night temperature was improved by 3.2 °C and the relative humidity was reduced by 9.6%, compared to a standard greenhouse.
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Aidat, Toufik, Salah Eddine Benziouche, Leonardo Cei, Elisa Giampietri, and Antonio Berti. "Impact of Agricultural Policies on the Sustainable Greenhouse Development in Biskra Region (Algeria)." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (September 30, 2023): 14396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914396.
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Since its appearance in Algerian agriculture, the greenhouse production system has turned the agricultural sector upside down, bringing great advantages for production in terms of quality and quantity, creating a very important socio-economic dynamic, especially in the Saharan region. This paper makes a new contribution by providing information on the impact of agricultural policies on greenhouse development in Biskra (southeastern city in Algeria). This study aims to understand the type of farms/farmers most specialized in greenhouses as well as the relationship between the use of these land acquisition and financing policies (PNDA) and their degree of specialization in greenhouses. A field survey was held from February to April 2021 in the M’ziraa region (a municipality of Biskra City), completing 97 questionnaires. Collected data were analysed by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Truncated regression. The results show that farmers who used PNDA to acquire the land and for greenhouse investments and those with a lower education level are less likely to specialize in greenhouse production. Similarly, the effect of farm size is negative on the specialization in greenhouse production. Conversely, we found that farmers who do not directly manage the farm and those who have a longer experience with greenhouse production invest a higher share of their land in greenhouses.
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Ullah, Mohammad Shaef, and Un Taek Lim. "Within-greenhouse and within-plant distribution of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in strawberry greenhouses." Applied Entomology and Zoology 51, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13355-016-0394-7.
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Djevic, Milan, and Aleksandra Dimitrijevic. "Energy consumption for different greenhouses' structures." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 53, no. 1 (2008): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0801071d.
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In this paper influence of greenhouses' structure was estimated for four different double plastic covered greenhouses in winter lettuce production. Plastic coverings are introduced as mean of making this kind of plant production more efficient. Also, as a mean of lowering energy consumption, the tunnel structures are proposed. Four different double plastic covered greenhouses were used for energy analysis. Two tunnel types, 9 x 58m and 8 x 25m covered with double PE folia, and two gutter connected plastic covered greenhouses. One greenhouse is 2 x 7 m wide and 39 m long and the other 20 x 6.4 m wide and 42 m long. Results have shown the lowest energy consumption for gutter connected greenhouses. Energy out/in ratio was also higher in gutter connected greenhouse. Highest energy consumption was obtained in tunnel greenhouse 8 x 25m.
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El Jazouli, M., K. Lekouch, Α. Wifaya, L. Gourdo, and L. Bouirden. "CFD Study of Airflow and Microclimate Patterns Inside a Multispan Greenhouse." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON FLUID MECHANICS 16 (May 19, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232013.2021.16.10.
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Understanding and improving greenhouses requires the analysis and modelling of energy and mass exchange phenomena. The mastery of all these physical mechanisms can make it possible to propose technological solutions to control the greenhouse climate. This study presents an analysis and simulation of air flow, temperature and humidity patterns ,in ½-ha multi-span greenhouse with oblique side walls,covered by insect proof nets.The site is located in the coastal area of southern Morocco. The fundamental calculation of climatic conditions is based on CFD, wich uses the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. The dynamic influence of the insect screens and tomato crop on airflow movement, was described ,using the concept of the porous medium approach proposed by Darcy and Forchheimer.The coupling of convective and radiative exchanges at the plastic roof cover is considered. A good agreement was observed between the measured and simulated values for inside air temperatures and relative humidity. Insect screens significantly reduced airflow and increased thermal gradients inside the greenhouse. The results clearly showed the heterogeneity of the greenhouse’s internal climate, which infects agricultural production in quantity and quality
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Yang, Zai Q., Yong X. Li, Xiao P. Xue, Chuan R. Huang, and Bo Zhang. "Wind Loads on Single-span Plastic Greenhouses and Solar Greenhouses." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.622.
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Wind tunnel tests were conducted in an NH-2-type wind tunnel to investigate the wind pressure coefficients and their distribution on the surfaces of a single-span plastic greenhouse and a solar greenhouse. Wind pressures at numerous points on the surfaces of the greenhouse models were simultaneously measured for various wind directions. The critical wind speeds, at which damage occurred on the surfaces of single-span plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses, were derived. To clearly describe the wind pressure distribution on various surface zones of the greenhouses, the end surface and top surface of the plastic greenhouse and the transparent surface of the solar greenhouse were divided into nine zones, which were denoted as Zone I to Zone IX. The results were as follows: 1) At wind direction angles of 0° and 45°, the end surface of the single-span plastic greenhouse was on the windward side, and the maximum positive wind pressure coefficient was near 1. At wind direction angles of 90° and 180°, the entire end surface of the single-span plastic greenhouse was on the leeward side, and the maximum negative wind pressure coefficient was near −1. The maximum positive wind pressure on the end surface of the single-span plastic greenhouse appeared in Zone IV at a wind direction angle of 15°, whereas the maximum negative pressure appeared in Zone VIII at a wind direction angle of 105°. 2) Most of the wind pressure coefficients on the top surface of the plastic greenhouse were negative. The maximum positive and negative wind pressure coefficient on the top surface of the plastic greenhouse occurred in Zones I and II, respectively, at a wind direction angle of 60°. 3) At a wind direction angle of 0°, the distribution of wind pressure coefficient contours was steady in the middle and lower zones of the transparent surface of the solar greenhouse, and the wind pressure coefficients were positive. At a wind direction angle of 90°, the wind pressure coefficients were negative on the transparent surface of the solar greenhouse. A maximum positive wind pressure coefficient was attained at a wind direction angle of 30° in Zone IX, whereas the maximum suction force occurred in Zone VII at a wind direction angle of 135°. 4) The minimum critical wind speeds required to impair the single-span plastic greenhouse and solar greenhouse were 14.5 and 18.9 m·s−1, respectively.
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Kim, Hyung-Kweon, Si-Young Lee, Jin-Kyung Kwon, and Yong-Hyeon Kim. "Evaluating the Effect of Cover Materials on Greenhouse Microclimates and Thermal Performance." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010143.
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This study compared and analyzed changes in the microclimate and thermal environment inside single-span greenhouses covered with a single layer of plastic film, polycarbonate (PC), and glass. The results of the experiment show that the PC-covered greenhouse was the most favorable for managing the nighttime heating effect during the cold season. However, the glass-covered greenhouse was found to be the most favorable for managing the cooling effect during the hot season. Although the plastic-covered greenhouse was inexpensive and easy to install, the air temperature inside varied significantly, and it was difficult to control its indoor environment. The thermal load leveling values showed that the PC-covered greenhouse had the lowest variation, confirming its superiority in terms of environmental control and energy savings. In terms of the overall heat transfer, heat was generally transferred from the interior to the exterior of the greenhouses. In the plastic-covered greenhouse, however, heat was transferred in the opposite direction at night due to the influence of radiant cooling. The occurrence of the minimum and maximum heat transfer values had a tendency similar to that of the occurrence of the minimum and maximum air temperatures inside the greenhouses.
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Chilingar, G. V., O. G. Sorokhtin, L. Khilyuk, and M. V. Gorfunkel. "Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect." Environmental Geology 58, no. 6 (November 14, 2008): 1207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1615-3.
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Baytorun, Abdullah Nafi, Zeynep Zaimoğlu, Adil Akyüz, Sait Üstün, and Ali Çaylı. "Comparison of Greenhouse Fuel Consumption Calculated Using Different Methods with Actual Fuel Consumption." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i7.850-857.1807.
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Heat requirements in greenhouses are calculated considering greenhouse type, the climate of the region and temperatures desirable for plant growth. Calculations made according to daily average temperature values lead to misleading results during periods when temperatures are high and under conditions when greenhouse temperature is kept low. For this reason, determining heat requirements according to hourly values provides more accurate results. Calculations of heat requirements in greenhouses are based on the difference between the desired temperature in the greenhouse and the outside temperature. However, in unheated greenhouses and those that are not ventilated until a specific temperature, actual temperature values are higher than outside temperatures. For this reason, heat requirement calculations should be made according to hourly climate values taking into account actual temperature in the greenhouse and temperature rise resulting from greenhouse specifications. This study aims to compare the amounts of fuel consumed under real conditions with fuel consumption calculated with conventional methods using inside and outside temperature difference and considering the above mentioned inconveniences. Daily fuel consumption calculated theoretically differs from actual consumption values. However, in comparisons based on fuel amounts consumed on an annual basis, best results were obtained when temperature rise in the greenhouse was taken into consideration. In the event that temperature rise is taken into consideration, a 3% difference is observed between calculated fuel consumption and actual fuel consumption.
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Gong, Liyun, Miao Yu, Shouyong Jiang, Vassilis Cutsuridis, and Simon Pearson. "Deep Learning Based Prediction on Greenhouse Crop Yield Combined TCN and RNN." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 4537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134537.
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Currently, greenhouses are widely applied for plant growth, and environmental parameters can also be controlled in the modern greenhouse to guarantee the maximum crop yield. In order to optimally control greenhouses’ environmental parameters, one indispensable requirement is to accurately predict crop yields based on given environmental parameter settings. In addition, crop yield forecasting in greenhouses plays an important role in greenhouse farming planning and management, which allows cultivators and farmers to utilize the yield prediction results to make knowledgeable management and financial decisions. It is thus important to accurately predict the crop yield in a greenhouse considering the benefits that can be brought by accurate greenhouse crop yield prediction. In this work, we have developed a new greenhouse crop yield prediction technique, by combining two state-of-the-arts networks for temporal sequence processing—temporal convolutional network (TCN) and recurrent neural network (RNN). Comprehensive evaluations of the proposed algorithm have been made on multiple datasets obtained from multiple real greenhouse sites for tomato growing. Based on a statistical analysis of the root mean square errors (RMSEs) between the predicted and actual crop yields, it is shown that the proposed approach achieves more accurate yield prediction performance than both traditional machine learning methods and other classical deep neural networks. Moreover, the experimental study also shows that the historical yield information is the most important factor for accurately predicting future crop yields.
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Sheryazov, Saken K., and Svetlana A. Popova. "Light and Temperature Control for Greenhouse Plant Growth." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202101.008-020.
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Introduction. The article deals with the conditions for growing greenhouse plants. Supplementary lighting supports the process of plant photosynthesis and the microclimate in the greenhouse. The authors suggest the ways to reduce energy consumption in greenhouses by controlling the microclimate and process of supplementary lighting in greenhouses. Materials and Methods. Special lighting and temperature are required for growing greenhouse plants. A method of efficient plant growing is light and temperature control. The development of a control algorithm requires the mathematical models that relate the process of photosynthesis to the microclimate parameters. There are given the mathematical models based on the experimental data. Results. The control system and algorithm to control plant-growing conditions have been developed to maintain the greenhouse microclimate. LED lamps are used to control the lighting process. The authors present the developed block diagram of the control system, which contains four channels responsible for the main energy-intensive microclimate factors. The description of the algorithm of the greenhouse light-temperature control is given. Discussion and Conclusion. In conclusion, the need to maintain the greenhouse microclimate and supplementary lighting with the different radiation spectrum for the efficient cultivation of greenhouse plants is shown. The developed structure and control algorithm for the supplementary plant lighting process and greenhouse illumination through using LED lamps help reduce energy consumption.
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Felek, Turgut, and Ahmet Kürklü. "Climate Control and Irrigation Automation Systems in Turkish Greenhouses: A Comparative Study." Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research 10, no. 4 (September 25, 2023): 394–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4281.
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Today's modern greenhouse agriculture draws attention with its intensive plant production capacity and industrially advanced structure in which soilless agriculture technology is used. Computer, microprocessor-controlled information processing and automation systems are needed for the effective management and operation of greenhouses. In order to meet the demands according to the plant species planned to be produced in soilless modern greenhouses; Equipment such as signal-sensing, heating, ventilation, shading, irrigation, fertilization, fogging-cooling, carbon dioxide fertilization and greenhouse general climate control system are needed. According to the needs of the plant, sub-equipment (suitable for obtaining the correct climate conditions desired in the greenhouse) such as roof windows, heating, irrigation, cooling, shading, fan ventilation should work according to the signals coming from the sensors. In this study, the data of 4 different commercial automation systems (namely Priva, Hortimax, Hoogendoorn and Karaca) in 5 greenhouse enterprises in different parts of Turkey were examined and screenshots were obtained. The data obtained were compared with each other and evaluated in terms of ease of use, performance, measured elements, capacity etc. This research will provide added value to the greenhouse economy of countries in the next stages of undercover agriculture, as it will serve to understand greenhouse automation and subsequently to develop new systems. It will also be helpful to the greenhouse investors to make the right choice while choosing a greenhouse automation system.
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Xu, Jihang, Weitao Bai, Jian Wang, Zhihui Mu, Weizhen Sun, Boda Dong, Kai Song, et al. "Study on the Cooling Effect of Double-Layer Spray Greenhouse." Agriculture 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071442.
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Greenhouses provide suitable environmental conditions for plant growth. Double-layer plastic greenhouses are often used in many regions to ensure normal crop growth during winter since single-layer plastic greenhouses have poor insulation. However, during summer, the high insulation of double-layer plastic greenhouses, combined with excessive external solar radiation, can cause high temperatures inside the greenhouse that are not suitable for plant growth and require cooling. In this study, we propose a double-layer spray greenhouse using a high-pressure spraying system that is placed inside the double film that allows for additional cooling capacity during the summer in order to sustain plant growth. A greenhouse platform test was set up to investigate the optimum operating conditions for the nozzles and to explore changes in greenhouse microclimate under different nozzle operating conditions. The results show that (1) the cooling rate increases with increasing water supply pressure, nozzle diameter and spraying time, and the humidification rate is consistent with the change in the rate of cooling. (2) The optimal condition for cooling in this experiment is achieved with a 120° double nozzle with a nozzle diameter of 0.30 mm, a water supply pressure of 6 MPa, and a spraying time of 15 min, which can reduce the temperature by up to 5.36 °C and serve as a reference for the summer cooling of the double-layer greenhouse.
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Tianning, Yang, and Xiaohan Ma. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of greenhouse dehumidification and integrated pest management using air’s water holding capacity-a case study of the Trella Greenhouse in Taizhou, China." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102063.
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Greenhouse technology is becoming an indispensable and feasible solution for modern crop production methods. Technological progress has reduced the impact of severe weather conditions on greenhouse crop yields in high temperature climate. Cooling and dehumidifying are the key to ensure the required temperature and humidity range inside the greenhouse. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the dehumidification technologies used in the agricultural industry. The theoretical and practical aspects of greenhouse cooling technology are shown: working principles, conditions and performance. The primary humidity control method utilized in greenhouses is evaporative cooling by using air’s water holding capacity. According to the experimental results, the quantitative analysis was carried out from the perspective of energy and cost, which demonstrated that the evaporative cooling fan-pad system was also an effective method of greenhouse cooling in humid climate. This work would provide technical support or the optimisation of the energy management of greenhouses in humid climates and recommend the mathematical model in future work.
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Yeo, Uk-Hyeon, Sang-Yeon Lee, Se-Jun Park, Jun-Gyu Kim, Young-Bae Choi, Rack-Woo Kim, Jong Hwa Shin, and In-Bok Lee. "Rooftop Greenhouse: (1) Design and Validation of a BES Model for a Plastic-Covered Greenhouse Considering the Tomato Crop Model and Natural Ventilation Characteristics." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070903.
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Energy management of a building-integrated rooftop greenhouse (BiRTG) is considered one of the important factors. Accordingly, the interest in energy simulation models has increased. Energy load computed from the simulation model can be used for appropriate capacity calculation and optimal operation of the environmental control system. In particular, because the thermal environment of greenhouses is sensitive to the external weather environment, dynamic energy simulations, such as building energy simulation (BES), play an essential role in understanding the complex mechanisms of heat transfer in greenhouses. Depending on the type and crop density, there is a significant difference in the thermal energy loads of greenhouses. Furthermore, ventilation is also an important factor affecting the energy input of the greenhouse. Therefore, this study aimed to design and validate BES models considering the crop and ventilation characteristics of a naturally ventilated greenhouse before designing and evaluating a BES model for the BiRTG. First, the BES module for the greenhouse and crop models was designed using field-measured data, and the ventilation characteristics were analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The greenhouse BES model was designed and then validated by comparing air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) measured at the greenhouse with the BES-computed results of the greenhouse model. The results showed that the average absolute error of Ta was 1.57 °C and RH was 7.7%. The R2 of the designed BES model for Ta and RH were 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. These procedures and sub-modules developed were applied to the energy load calculation of BiRTG.
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Grabarczyk, Robert, and Sławomir Grabarczyk. "Cumulative Energy Demand and Carbon Footprint of the Greenhouse Cultivation System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 8786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178786.
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The paper describes the influence of horticultural production in greenhouses under Polish climate conditions on energy consumption, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Four scenarios were studied, two of which were non-renewable fuels: coal and natural gas, while the other two were renewable energy sources: wood pellets and wood chips, to identify opportunities for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Cumulative energy demand was defined to assess these four scenarios. The environmental impact was determined using the carbon footprint of the principal greenhouse gases emitted and using CO2 as the reference gas (CO2-equivalents). Renewable energy sources in greenhouse production can reduce the cumulative energy demand by 83.3% and greenhouse gas emissions by 95% compared to the coal-burning scenario. The presented research results relate to a greenhouse intended for growing flowers in pots, which has not been conducted so far. The article also updates the data on the environmental impact of crops grown in greenhouses located in Poland. The study provides important information for horticultural producers, mainly due to increasing competition and consumer awareness of the origin of products. Renewable energy sources in horticulture reveal a great potential in the reduction in greenhouse gases, and thus may become an inspiration to look for new solutions in this area.
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Liu, Qiang, Jun Wang, and Shu Chen Yang. "Multiple Information Fusion of Intelligent Wireless Agricultural Greenhouse Control System Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1451.
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According to the characteristics of the greenhouse environmental control, application priority adjustment principle and fuzzy control theory, designed for greenhouse temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and other environmental factors in the automatic control of intelligent wireless agriculture greenhouse control system. Using RTL8019AS chip access Ethernet, using TCP/IP protocol implementation and PC communication, intelligent controller using fuzzy control technology to the greenhouse temperature, humidity and so on, can satisfy the different sizes of the needs of the intelligent wireless agricultural greenhouses.
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KARADEMİR, Nadire. "A GEOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW OF GREENHOUSE AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN ERDEMLİ." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 13, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 375–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/130119.
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Located in the Mediterranean region, Erdemli district has been on its way to becoming a greenhouse production center in recent years, with the effect of favorable climatic conditions. In the study, it was aimed to determine the current situation in Erdemli, where greenhouse cultivation is carried out intensively, the characteristics of the greenhouses, the problems encountered in production and to develop suggestions for their solution. For this purpose, a questionnaire application prepared by the researcher was carried out in order to reveal the current situation of greenhouse operators in the district. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program and tables were created. Maps showing the location, topography and land use status of the region were produced with the ArcMap 10.4 package program. Face-to-face meetings were held with greenhouse operators, brokers and traders. As a result, it has been observed that especially greenhouse agricultural activities in the region are carried out with traditional agricultural methods in smaller scale family businesses, mostly plastic greenhouses are used to produce tomatoes and cucumbers, and they are negatively affected by natural disasters and cost increases. Solutions for the detected problems are presented. Key Words: Greenhouse Agriculture, Vegetable-Fruit Production, Erdemli, Mersin.
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Bezari, Salah, Sidi Mohammed El Amine Bekkouche, Ahmed Benchatti, Asma Adda, and Azzedine Boutelhig. "Effects of the Rock-Bed Heat Storage System on the Solar Greenhouse Microclimate." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190608.
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The Mediterranean area is characterized by intense radiation generating high temperatures during the day in the greenhouse and low temperatures during the night. The temperature gap problem between the daytime and the nocturnal period which characterizes the region requires the use of greenhouses with a thermal storage system. A greenhouse equipped with a sensible heat storage system using a rock-bed, was compared to a witness one, under the same climatic conditions. Measurements were performed on the microclimate parameters of both greenhouses, such as temperature and relative humidity. Our work is based on an experimental analysis of greenhouse microclimate and evaluating the evolution of temperature and relative humidity prevailing inside the greenhouse. It has been found that the system efficiency is improved due to the storing of heat in excess during the daytime. This stored energy is used during night. The main obtained results showed that the heat storage system allowed an increase in the air temperature up to 0.9℃ and a decrease of the relative humidity about 3.4% during the night compared to the witness greenhouse. The improvement in the heated greenhouse microclimate during night has a very positive impact on the quality of fruit and yield.
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Baytorun, Abdullah Nafi, Derya Önder, and Özkan Gügercin. "Seraların Isıtılmasında Kullanılan Fosil ve Jeotermal Enerji Kaynaklarının Karşılaştırılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 10 (October 15, 2016): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i10.832-839.863.
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The most extensive and effective environmentally controlled production takes place in greenhouses. New innovations and developments for greenhouse production go hand in hand with efforts for sustainability. The greenhouses must be heated to ensure high yields and high quality. However, high heating cost (20%-60%) adversely influences production. Costs Sustainability of greenhouse production can only be maintained with increase of energy efficiency. Use of renewable energy sources in place of fossil fuels is only means to increase energy efficiency. In this work, fossil fuels and geothermal energy used for heating of greenhouses are compared based on production cost and CO2 emissions to atmosphere. The results showed that greenhouse production in Aydın with geothermal energy price of 0.06 ₺/kWh will be very advantageous compared to greenhouse tomato production in Kütahya, which can only compete with that in Antalya. Carbon dioxide emission in plastic greenhouses with double layer PE plastic heat insulation in Kütahya was 199.4 kg/m2 when imported coal was used for heating. The emissions in similar type plastic greenhouses, again heated with coal, in Aydın and Antalya were 74.4 kg/m2 and 55.5 kg/m2, respectively. Greenhouses in geothermal energy rich areas will be very advantageous, based on cost of production and CO2 emission, compared to that in Antalya region if they are heated with geothermal energy.
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Sase, S. "GREENHOUSE ENERGY AND RESOURCE USE ¿ COOLING IN SEMIARID GREENHOUSES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 797 (September 2008): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.797.42.
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Zhao, Mingzhi, Ningbo Wang, Chun Chang, Xiaoming Hu, Yingjie Liu, Lei Liu, and Jianan Wang. "Comparative Analysis of the Filling Mass of Vertical Heat Exchanger Tubes on the Thermal Environment of Arched Greenhouses." Energies 16, no. 13 (July 2, 2023): 5118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135118.
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The greenhouse’s energy consumption is a major limiting factor for output and development. To address this, it is necessary to adopt green and low-carbon heating technologies to replace traditional fuels. This will not only help conserve energy but will also reduce emissions, thereby improving the thermal environmental conditions for agriculture. This paper aims to research and develop a vertical heat exchange tube array device specifically designed for greenhouses. The focus is on enhancing the passive heat absorption and heat storage efficiency of the device and its influence on the thermal environment of the greenhouse. In order to improve the heat absorption and storage efficiency of the heat exchanger device and its impact on the greenhouse thermal environment, experimental comparative analysis was conducted using air, water, and phase-change materials as working fluids inside the pipes. Through a combination of experiments and simulations, it was verified that the heat exchanger device is capable of actively regulating the greenhouse thermal environment. The results show that heat exchangers of all three types of working fluids can effectively improve the stability of soil temperature and play a “shifting the peak and filling the valley” role in regulating the indoor air temperature while positively regulating the relative humidity of the air. Notably, when the working fluid is a phase-change material, it has the most significant impact on the thermal environment of the greenhouse.
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GRAMMENOS, Gerasimos, Varvara KOUNELI, Antonios MAVROEIDIS, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Alexandros TATARIDAS, and Dimitrios BILALIS. "Beneficial Insects for Biological Pest Control in Greenhouse Cannabis Production." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0037.
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A greenhouse cannabis cultivation took place in Agriculture university of Athens in order to quantify the efficiency of beneficial insects as a main method of pest management. Cannabis plants grown in two greenhouses and beneficial insects were released only in one greenhouse as a means to investigate the efficacy against pests by the comparison with the control greenhouse. Measurements included the visual estimation of infestation, the recording of pest species and populations, and the comparison of infestations and yields amongst greenhouses. Our results indicate that beneficial insects could control pest populations up to 100%. Even though the environmental conditions were not optimal and consecutive pest infestations were observed throughout the duration of our study, the beneficial insects successfully managed the pest populations. In conclusion, biological control with beneficial insects is a very effective method for pest management in greenhouse cannabis production.
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Van Bokkem, Dirk, Max Van den Hemel, Sebastijan Dumančić, and Neil Yorke-Smith. "Embedding a Long Short-Term Memory Network in a Constraint Programming Framework for Tomato Greenhouse Optimisation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 15731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26867.
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Increasing global food demand, accompanied by the limited number of expert growers, brings the need for more sustainable and efficient horticulture. The controlled environment of greenhouses enable data collection and precise control. For optimally controlling the greenhouse climate, a grower not only looks at crop production, but rather aims at maximising the profit. However this is a complex, long term optimisation task. In this paper, Constraint Programming (CP) is applied to task of optimal greenhouse economic control, by leveraging a learned greenhouse climate model through a CP embedding. In collaboration with an industrial partner, we demonstrate how to model the greenhouse climate with an LSTM model, embed this LSTM into a CP optimisation framework, and optimise the expected profit of the grower. This data-to-decision pipeline is being integrated into a decision support system for multiple greenhouses in the Netherlands.
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KOUSOYLA, Maria, Stella BRAKATSOULA, Christina NIKAKI, Dimitrios BILALIS, Alexandros TATARIDAS, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Stella KARYDOGIANNI, Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU, and Antonios MAVROEIDIS. "THC Yield and Greenhouse Cover Materials: Optimizing the Profit of Medical Cannabis." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2021.0039.
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Even though Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive substance, studies indicate that it has therapeutic properties. Moreover, the modification in Greece legislation regarding the legalization of cannabis has resulted in new business opportunities for medical-cannabis related companies. This study aimed to evaluate whether different greenhouse cover materials affect THC yield and propose a business plan for any potential medical-cannabis related company in Greece. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of different plastic cover films in greenhouses for the cultivation of Cannabis sativa. Furthermore, the economic viability of a potential medical-cannabis related business in Greece was evaluated based upon a financial analysis. Yields were increased in greenhouses with double plastic cover materials (compared to the control). According to the results of our comparative economic analysis the production of medical cannabis in greenhouses constructed with double layered cover materials would significantly increase profits. Finally, greenhouse medical-cannabis production is much promising in Greece. Nevertheless, the use of appropriate greenhouse cover materials should be considered as they affect THC yield and therefore, the profit of the company.
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Riansyah, Andi, Sri Mulyono, and M. Roichani. "Applying fuzzy proportional integral derivative on Internet of things for figs greenhouse." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i3.pp536-544.
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Indonesia is an agrarian country where most of population work as farmers. Various planting media have been developed in Indonesia such as using greenhouses. Greenhouse is one of very promising planting media for plant cultivators, because it can be a solution to challenges of extreme climate change. In a greenhouse, the state of the room can be easily controlled using technologies such as automatic watering systems, air temperature control, air humidity and soil moisture. This research focuses on figs by applying fuzzy proportional integral derivative (FPID) as artificial intelligence on the Internet of things (IoT) for greenhouses. It uses Tsukamoto method serves to monitor air conditions and soil conditions and then it is coupled with proportional integral derivative (PID) control to control air temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture so that it is always in the ideal condition of figs in greenhouse. By implementing FPID on IoT for greenhouse, the development of figs in greenhouse can be optimized because air and soil conditions can be maintained in ideal conditions.
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Kim, Kee Hwan. "A Sun Tracking PV System Equipped Greenhouse Control System for Educational Purpose." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.80.
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The greenhouse control system for educational purpose is designed by personal computer. This system should observe and control the growth conditions for crops in both plastic film and glass greenhouses. In this contribution puts emphasis on construction of greenhouse control system by personal computer under the aim of creating safer, more effective and more economical services. This system is developed for the requirements of the intelligent greenhouse control system and is powered by solar energy. A photovoltaic system with sun tracking module is used for the greenhouse control system.
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Blazhnov, A. "RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF A MULTI-SPAN GREENHOUSE OF BUILDING PRODUCTION FOR SMALL FORMS OF MANAGEMENT." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 11 (December 4, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-11-41-47.
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Growing vegetables in cultivation facilities can significantly increase the yield of products compared to open ground. Information data on greenhouses offered by producers for farms is summarized. The main types of farm greenhouses are identified, and they are compared for possible heat losses during the cold period of the year. It is established that with an equal building area, the area of enclosing structures of multi-span greenhouses is less than that of single-span frame and arch type. The formula for the minimum coefficient of fencing for a multi-span greenhouse, which provides a minimum of energy costs during the heating period, is derived. The structural scheme of the steel frame of a multi-span greenhouse of construction production from rolled profiles is proposed. It allows to significantly reduce the cost of construction of the structure in comparison with the cost indicators of greenhouses of factory delivery. The dependences of steel consumption for structural elements of the frame as a function of load and its construction parameters are obtained. Based on the obtained dependencies, the rational values of the span and step of the block greenhouse racks for snow loads specified in the building design standards of greenhouses are established. For rational values of planning parameters of the cultivation structure, specific indicators of steel consumption and cost per greenhouse frame are given.
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Antonov, M. A., O. Y. Kaun, A. A. Yurov, R. A. Galstyan, and Y. V. Abramov. "Comparative analysis of traditional power supply and operation of solar panels in protected ground systems." E3S Web of Conferences 411 (2023): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341101052.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the issues of autonomous power supply of the greenhouse. The types of greenhouses and their main microclimate parameters are considered. The article calculates the payback of installing solar panels on a greenhouse and the usual power supply of a greenhouse, depending on its type. As a result, it was revealed that the installation of solar panels has advantageous advantages in comparison with traditional mains power