Academic literature on the topic 'Greenhouse gases – Environmental aspects – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Greenhouse gases – Environmental aspects – European Union countries"
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Lapinskienė, Giedrė, Kęstutis Peleckis, and Marijus Radavičius. "ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 16, no. 6 (December 24, 2015): 1109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2015.1112830.
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The paper analyses the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between greenhouse gases and main aspects of economic development based on the panel data of 20 countries of the EU, including the data of three Baltic States, in the period 1995–2011. The fixed effect panel model was used as a framework for the analysis. The commonly used models confirmed the presence of the inverse U-shaped relationship. The novel contribution of this paper is that the factor referring to the global financial crisis was tested in expanded EKC model. Higher energy taxes, primary production of nuclear heat and R&D decrease the level of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The size of agriculture, industry and construction, as well as the primary production of solid fuels have a positive sign, which means that a higher value of these indicators is associated with a higher level of GHG. This implies that the analysed set of factors can be applied to adjust the EKC trend in the region and might be useful for the climate change policy adjustment.
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Domagała, Joanna. "Economic and Environmental Aspects of Agriculture in the EU Countries." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227826.
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The analysis of the economic efficiency of agriculture has been the subject of numerous studies. An economically efficient agricultural sector is not always environmentally efficient. Agriculture is a large emitter of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that food production and agriculture are responsible for 21–37% of total global CO2 emissions. Due to the comprehensive assessment of the agricultural efficiency, it is worthwhile to apply to its measurement an integrated approach based on economic, energy and environmental aspects. These aspects were the main reasons for undertaking this research. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of agriculture in the EU Member States in 2019. The environmental analyses relate to the period 1990–2019. A total of 26 member states of the European Union (excluding Malta and Luxembourg) were selected for research. The sources of materials were Eurostat and the European Environmental Agency. This study was based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, and used the DEA model focused on minimizing inputs. The research also adopts energy productivity and greenhouse gas emission efficiency indicators. The DEA model features the following variables: one effect (value of agricultural production) and four inputs (land, labour, use of fertilizers and use of energy). It was found that seven out of the 26 studied EU countries have efficient agriculture. The efficient agriculture group included The Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, Cyprus, the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland. Based on the DEA method, benchmarks have been defined for countries with inefficient agriculture. On the basis of these benchmarks for inefficient agricultural sectors, it was possible to determine how they could improve efficiency to achieve the same results with fewer inputs. This issue is particularly important in the context of sustainable agricultural development. In the next stage of the research, the analysis of economic and energy efficiency was combined with the analysis of GHG emission efficiency in agriculture. Four groups of countries have been distinguished: eco-efficiency leaders, eco-efficiency followers, environmental slackers, eco-efficiency laggards. The leaders of the classification were The Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal.
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Kyriakopoulos, Grigorios L. "Energy Communities Overview: Managerial Policies, Economic Aspects, Technologies, and Models." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15110521.
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Recently, there has been an ongoing global debate on the issues of energy safety, energy autonomy, and energy alleviation policies in developed and developing countries. The energy communities can integrate distributed energy resources, especially among local energy systems, playing a decisive role to support people around the world in the transition process towards sustainable development and renewable energy sources (RES). The main research dimensions of such a manifold approach are environmental sustainability, the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, the ordinal exploitation of RES, the social awareness in actions towards global consumerism in an environmentally caring manner, the increase of energy efficiency, and the pollution relief caused by the expansion of urban/built environment worldwide. This review study focused on the roles and the ways of how “energy communities” (ECs) could support contemporary energy management and priorities to ensure energy safety, autonomy, and alleviation, regionally and globally. In this context, a systematic, last-decade publications of ECs was conducted and the retrieved documents were organized in alignment with the following four groups of literature overview. Group 1 covered the dimensions of technology and environment, being coupled with Group 2, covering the dimensions of socio-culture and anthropocentricity (mainly focusing on the built environment). A similar coupling of Group 3 and Group 4 was made, where Group 3 covered the legislative dimension of ECs and Group 4 covered the ECs devoted to Europe–European Union (EU), respectively. The emerging key literature aspects, the proposed measures, and the applied energy policies on ECs were also conveyed and discussed.
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Trontl, Krešimir, Mario Matijević, Dubravko Pevec, and Radomir Ječmenica. "Exploring the Factors Influencing Expansion of Nuclear Energy in Croatia." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 8022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238022.
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Nuclear energy is an option that enables a significant reduction of greenhouse gases emissions at the national and European Union (EU) level. However, it is also an option that is mostly influenced by public opinion and an option that has strong cross-border impact. Croatia does not consider nuclear options, but a possible future turn to nuclear might have an influence on other EU countries. The possibility for such a turn is analyzed, taking into account public opinion as well as historical and economic factors. Based on the results of a public opinion survey, it can be deduced that the Croatian public is not inclined to nuclear energy and considers it a risky option, although nuclear power plants in neighboring countries are not perceived as a high-risk threat. Trust in government as an information source is very low. Despite historical aspects that suggest scientific and expert knowledge capable of handling nuclear build, public opinion and the low economic framework indicate that a turn a to nuclear in Croatia is highly unlikely.
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Hai-Ni, Qu, Huang Xing-De, Xu Tang-Yun, Guo Peng-Chao, Zhang Mei-Xia, and Yang Xiu. "The Analysis of Current Implementation Mechanism of Green Power." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.784.
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Energy is the material foundation to promote social progress and of humans survival. A large number of energy consumption has brought serious environmental problems. After Global Climate Summit in Copenhagen, The attention to the green-house gas emissions of our country from the international community grows day by day. Developing green power is vigorously an important way to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. However, the cost of green power is so high compared with the traditional fossil energy that green power cannot be promoted only depending on market mechanism. So the mechanism that supports green power should be established. Firstly the implementation of green power of foreign countries (mainly the United States and European Union countries) is analyzed, and its content includes implementation mechanism, the market main body and duties, policy, motivation, supervision, etc. Then the development of domestic green power is described in detail, and a comparative analysis is presented between foreign and domestic implementation of green power in various aspects. Now in our country, the provinces developing green power better are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing and so on. There are enough green-power resources, potential users in these regions. And with the excitation of national policy, the regions develop green power actively, laying foundation of implementation of green-power mechanism. Shanghai is now the first city of our country that implements mechanism of green power. After the analysis of the present implementation of green power, the deficiency and areas in need of improvement are presented, combined with Shanghais present green-power implementation mechanism, as well as the original national green-power implementation mechanism. And some policy suggestion is put forward for the recent national green-power development in finance, taxation, incentive etc, which analyses and improves the designation of green-power implementation mechanism, including the payments balance and the research of incentive mechanism.
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Gardiner, Stephen M. "The Global Warming Tragedy and the Dangerous Illusion of the Kyoto Protocol." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 1 (March 2004): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00448.x.
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In 2001, 178 of the world's nations reached agreement on a treaty to combat global climate change brought on by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Despite the notable omission of the United States, representatives of the participants, and many newspapers around the world, expressed elation. Margot Wallström, the environment commissioner of the European Union, went so far as to declare, “Now we can go home and look our children in the eye and be proud of what we have done.”In this article, I argue for two theses. First, the rhetoric and euphoria surrounding the 2001 deal is misplaced. This is not, as is often said, because the Kyoto agreement is too demanding but rather because it is much too weak. In particular, the Kyoto agreement does little to protect future generations. On the contrary, (at best) it seems to be a prudent wait-and-see policy for the present generation, narrowly defined. Hence, even those countries who have endorsed the Kyoto agreement should be wary of looking their children in the eye, and none should relish facing their children's children.Second, the failure of the Kyoto agreement can be explained in terms of the underlying structure of the problem. Climate change involves the intersection of a complex set of intergenerational and intragenerational collective action problems. This structure, and in particular its intergenerational aspect, has not been adequately appreciated. Yet until it is, we are doomed to an ineffectual environmental policy.
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Andreeva, T. "The Problem of the UK Energy Security Before the Referendum on Brexit." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2022-4-24-34.
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The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the UK energy security since the 90s of the 20th century to the date (June 23, 2016) of referendum on the UK exit from the European Union (Brexit). The problem is considered in its evolution: from the moment of its emergence during the conservative government of John Major, via the attempts to define the different aspects of the problem and to outline ways to solve it by labour cabinets of Tony Blair (1997–2007) and Gordon Brown (2007–2010), and up to formulating the notion of ‘energy security’ and making concrete steps to strengthen the UK energy security during David Cameron – Nick Clegg coalition cabinet (2010–2015) and the conservative cabinet of David Cameron (2015–2016). The problem is scrutinized with the help of vast number of the official documents and White Papers on energy policy of British governments, the UK Ministry of Energy and Climate Change and the Foreign Office. The article shows that the problem of reducing greenhouse gases emissions as an important part of the international efforts for containment of global climate changes is one of the main challenges for the UK energy security and the key driving force behind diversification of the British energy sector. The author considers the rising dependence of the UK economic development, the prosperity of British consumers and industry on the guaranteed, affordable, secure supply of fossil fuels from the unstable countries of the world as the second important challenge in strengthening the UK energy security. The transition of the United Kingdom’s energy balance towards rapid implementation of the low-carbon technologies (the nuclear power and the renewable energy sources [RES]) is seen in the article as the way to meet two above-mentioned challenges and to strengthen the UK energy security.
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Filipiak, Beata Zofia, and Dorota Wyszkowska. "Determinants of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in European Union Countries." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249561.
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In the literature on the subject, it is argued that tax policy is one of the tools stimulating the transition toward sustainable economies. Public authorities can use two functions for this purpose: fiscal and non-fiscal functions. High emission rates and the rising rapid atmospheric changes that come with them are serious threats to the climate and sustainable development. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the goals towards which the world strives (including the EU), so as to keep a balance between people’s expectations, economic aspects, and the needs of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to explain whether, along with other factors, environmental policy and its component “green taxes” can act as a factor in limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this article is to seek an answer to the question of whether “green taxes” as an instrument of tax policy are a significant factor influencing climate change by contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article attempts to identify the determinants of greenhouse gas emissions (the dependent variable) using the method of linear regression analysis. Multiple linear regression models are used to predict the value of the dependent variable based on the values of the independent variables (identified from the literature). Trading of CO2 emissions was not included in the analysis due to lack of data. The regression analysis was carried out using specialized statistical software (SPSS). The authors negatively verified the hypothesis that environmental taxes are a significant determinant of greenhouse gas emission reductions compared to the analyzed determinants. “Population”, “current and capital transfers for environmental protection”, and “supply, transformation and consumption of solid fossil fuels” are the most important factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions. Changing consumer behavior (as an effect of the non-fiscal function of taxes) appears to be an extremely important factor in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, the public authorities should promote behaviors conducive to their reduction by means of incentives, and not mainly taxation of negative behavior or fiscal incentives.
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Dawid, Leszek. "Perspectives on offshore wind farms development in chosen countries of European Union." Journal of Water and Land Development 38, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0039.
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AbstractAt the end of 2016 there were 84 wind farms under construction in 11 European countries. Investments in this sector are enormous. The average cost of a wind farm construction amounts to approx. 4 mln EUR per 1 MW of installed power. Offshore wind energy production also plays a significant role in the process of ensuring energy security in Europe, and in reduction of greenhouse gases. The objective of this paper is to present prospects of offshore wind energy farms development in the leading member states of the European Union as regards this problem. In this paper offshore wind farms in Germany and Denmark have been studied. In the paper the power of wind farms, the support systems as well as criteria related to location of wind farm offshore have been analysed. German and Danish sectors of offshore wind energy are strongly supported by respective governments. Both countries aim at yearly increase of wind energy share in total energy production. The research has been conducted based on the analysis of acts, regulations, the subject’s literature and information from websites.
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Moutinho, Victor, and Mara Madaleno. "A Two-Stage DEA Model to Evaluate the Technical Eco-Efficiency Indicator in the EU Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063038.
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This paper evaluates the evolution of eco-efficiency for the 27 European Union (EU) countries over the period 2008–2018, provided the traditional high concerns of the EU concerning the economic growth-environmental performance relationship. The EU has triggered several initiatives and regulations regarding environmental protection over the years, but as well the Sustainable Development Goals demand it. Under this setting, we conduct a two-stage analysis, which computes eco-efficiency scores in the first stage for each of the pairs EU 27-year, through the nonparametric method data envelopment analysis (DEA), considering the ratio GDP per capita and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In the second stage, scores are used as a dependent variable in the proposed fractional regression model (FRM), whose determinants considered were eight pollutants (three greenhouse gases and five atmospheric pollutants). CO2/area and N2O/area effects are negative and significant, improving the eco-efficiency of the EU 27 countries. When the efficient European countries are excluded from the estimations, the results evidence that CO2/area and CH4/area decrease the DEA score. The country with the lowest GHG emissions and pollutant gases was Ireland, being the country within the considered period that mostly reduced emissions, particularly SOx and PM10, increasing its score.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Greenhouse gases – Environmental aspects – European Union countries"
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JACHTENFUCHS, Markus. "International policy-making as a learning process : The European Community and the greenhouse effect." Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5157.
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Defence date: 17 January 1994Examining board: Prof. Beate Kohler-Koch (University of Mannheim, supervisor) ; Prof. Klaus Eder (European University Institute, co-supervisor) ; Prof. Giandomenico Majone (European University Institute) ; PD Dr. Wolfgang Wessels (Institut für Europäische Politik, Bonn) ; Dr. Ole Waever (Centre for Peace and Conflict Research, Copenhagen)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Books on the topic "Greenhouse gases – Environmental aspects – European Union countries"
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International policy-making as a learning process?: The European Union and the greenhouse effect. Aldershot: Avebury, Ashgate Pub., 1996.
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Climate change and European emissions trading: Lessons for theory and practice. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2008.
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Climate Change and the Global Trading System: On the Advantages of a Carbon Tariff. Center for European Policy Studies, 2010.
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Michaelowa, Axel, Germany, and Sonja Butzengeiger. EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Michaelowa, Axel, Germany, and Sonja Butzengeiger. EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Michaelowa, Axel, Germany, and Sonja Butzengeiger. EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Greenhouse gases – Environmental aspects – European Union countries"
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Akar, Sevda, and Dilek Akbaş Akdoğan. "Environmental and Economic Impacts of Wave Energy." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 285–309. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0440-5.ch013.
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The wave energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources and it has many advantages compared to other renewable energies. First, it is more reliable. Second, the cost of wave energy is competitive with other sources when it is used as a primary power source. Third, its energy density and deployment potential are higher than the wind and solar energy. Fourth, the wave energy has minor negative environmental impacts and production amount of the wave energy is more predictable. In the study, the applications of wave energy production are discussed in European Union countries in which have started to operate wave energy, recently. It is also tried to evaluate the feasibility of wave energy production opportunities in Turkey. As a result of the study, it can be said that the Black Sea has the highest wave energy potential in Turkey. Industrial production of wave energy actualized by fiscal incentives and this may lead to many social benefits such as increasing employment, reducing external dependency and diminishing greenhouse gases emission.
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Grabowski, Gabriel. "Sustainability in renewable energy businesses." In Sustainability and sustainable development, 251–56. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-074-6/iv6.
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The sustainable development goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) seeks to ensure that energy is clean, affordable, available and accessible to all (SD Goals, https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators). Replacing fossil fuel-based energy sources with renewable ones, which include: bioenergy, direct solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, wind and ocean energy (tide and wave), would gradually help the world achieve the idea of sustainability. Renewable energy technologies provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reduce global warming through substituting conventional energy sources (Panwar, Kaushik, & Kothari, 2011; Owusu & Asumadu-Sarkodie, 2016). Nevertheless, investment costs, as well as political environment and market conditions, have become barriers preventing countries from full utilisation of the potential to improve the quality of air or water. The aim of the chapter is to initiate discussion on the importance of renewable energy as well as its environmental and society-related health aspects. Two short case studies presented in the text allow to describe projects concerning solar installations. In the first case, it is educational institution investing in thermal solar panel systems to supply heat for domestic hot water. The results of research conducted by Filho et al. (2019) on a small sample of universities from around the world indicate that in more than half of them, only a small share of energy consumption comes from renewable sources, whilst the European Union policy has identified promotion of energy efficiency in buildings, including educational ones, as a key objective of its energy and climate policy (EPBD Recast, 2010). In the second case study, thoughts on photovoltaic systems installed to supply buildings with electricity are contained and the problem of public resource support forms for that purpose are discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Greenhouse gases – Environmental aspects – European Union countries"
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PRANDECKI, Konrad, and Edyta GAJOS. "THE SHARE OF AGRICULTURE IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – VALUATION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.255.
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Reducing greenhouse gases emissions is one of the major environmental challenges of the modern world. The European Union (EU) has set itself ambitious reduction targets. Proper monitoring of emissions and its valuation is necessary to achieve this goal. In addition, valuation (in monetary terms) will help to raise awareness of the climate change costs among society. The aim of this article is to present international comparisons within the EU covering the monitoring and valuation of aggregate emissions of selected greenhouse gases in general and in agriculture. The study uses Eurostat data for the years 2007-2015. The evaluation was based on the average annual price of carbon dioxide allowances under the European Union Emissions Trading System. Leipzig stock market data were used to determine the price. The study compares the total greenhouse gas emissions and its value in different EU countries. These results show that the largest emitters in the EU are Germany, United Kingdom, France. A comparison of per capita and per GDP emissions results in an almost reversal of this order. The share of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions was 11% in 2015 and ranged between countries from 3% (Malta) do 32% (Ireland). The results show also that the decline in value is greater than the decrease in emissions. This is due to the dramatic change in the price of allowances. The decrease in quantity of agricultural emission was 0,5%, whilst the decrease in value was 55,5% between years 2008 and 2015.