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Journal articles on the topic "Greenhouse gas mitigation – Government policy – Australia"
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Maraseni, Tek, and Kathryn Reardon-Smith. "Meeting National Emissions Reduction Obligations: A Case Study of Australia." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030438.
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Akin to a public good, emissions reduction suffers from the ‘free rider’ syndrome. Although many countries claim that they are meeting their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction commitments, the average global temperature and GHG emissions continue to rise. This has led to growing speculation that some countries may be taking advantage of the system by effectively exploiting a range of loopholes in global agreements. Using a case study approach, we critically review the evidence from Australia, exploring how Australia has participated in global climate change negotiations and the way in which this emissions intensive country’s national emissions reduction obligations have been met. The findings suggest that: (1) successful negotiation to include Article 3.7 (‘Adjusting the 1990 Baseline’ or ‘the Australia Clause’) in the Kyoto Protocol significantly favored Australia’s ability to meet its First Kyoto Commitment (2008–2012); and (2) successful bargaining for the accounting rule that allowed carbon credits from the first commitment period to be carried over to the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol benefitted Australia by 128 MtCO2e. At the national level, a lack of bipartisan political support for an effective mechanism to drive emissions reduction has also been problematic. While the introduction of the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) in 2012 reduced emissions from electricity production from about 199.1 MtCO2e to 180.8 MtCO2e in 2014, a change of government led to the abolition of the CPM in 2014 and emissions from electricity production subsequently rose to 187 MtCO2e in 2015 and 189 MtCO2e in 2016 with adverse impacts in many sectors as well as Australia’s overall emissions. The current Australian government continues to undermine its commitment to mitigation and the integrity and credibility of its own emissions reductions policy, introducing a softer ‘calculated baseline’ for its own Safeguard Mechanism, which allows companies to upwardly adjust their calculated baselines on the basis of their highest expected emissions, permitting emissions in excess of their historical emissions. While disappointing in the context of the global emissions reduction project, Australia’s actions are sadly not unique and we also provide examples of loopholes exploited by countries participating in a range of other negotiations and emissions reduction projects. Such strategies undoubtedly serve the short-term political and economic interests of these countries; however, it is increasingly apparent that the cumulative impact of such tactics will ultimately impact the entire global community.
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Florea, Nicoleta Mihaela, Georgeta-Madalina Meghisan-Toma, Silvia Puiu, Flaviu Meghisan, Marius Dalian Doran, and Mariana Niculescu. "Fiscal and Budgetary Policy Efforts towards Climate Change Mitigation in Romania." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052802.
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To mitigate the negative effects of climate change on the environment, the Member States of the European Union implement fiscal measures and commit budgetary expenditures to ensure sustainable economic development. Romania, in line with the Union’s objectives, resorted to the application of a system of environmental taxes and provided in the budgetary policy government expenditures for environmental protection. The aim of the research is to highlight the effects of these measures on the environment by analysing the short-run and long-run causal relationships between greenhouse gas emissions, green taxes and government expenditures on environmental protection. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method and Granger causality tests were used to demonstrate the existence of these relationships and the intensity with which they manifest. Following the analysis, we identified a significant long-run influence of government spending on environmental protection on greenhouse gas emissions but also numerous short-run and long-run causal relationships between greenhouse gas emissions and green taxes, applied in Romania. The results of the research consider the impact of public expenses for environment protection, a variable not yet applied for Romania, on greenhouse gas emissions’ decrease, in correlation with environmental taxes per source of origin.
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Pratt, Chris, Matthew Redding, Jaye Hill, Andrew Shilton, Matthew Chung, and Benoit Guieysse. "Good science for improving policy: greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural manures." Animal Production Science 55, no. 6 (2015): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13504.
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Australia’s and New Zealand’s major agricultural manure management emission sources are reported to be, in descending order of magnitude: (1) methane (CH4) from dairy farms in both countries; (2) CH4 from pig farms in Australia; and nitrous oxide (N2O) from (3) beef feedlots and (4) poultry sheds in Australia. We used literature to critically review these inventory estimates. Alarmingly for dairy farm CH4 (1), our review revealed assumptions and omissions that when addressed could dramatically increase this emission estimate. The estimate of CH4 from Australian pig farms (2) appears to be accurate, according to industry data and field measurements. The N2O emission estimates for beef feedlots (3) and poultry sheds (4) are based on northern hemisphere default factors whose appropriateness for Australia is questionable and unverified. Therefore, most of Australasia’s key livestock manure management greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles are either questionable or are unsubstantiated by region-specific research. Encouragingly, GHG from dairy shed manure are relatively easy to mitigate because they are a point source which can be managed by several ‘close-to-market’ abatement solutions. Reducing these manure emissions therefore constitutes an opportunity for meaningful action sooner compared with the more difficult-to-implement and long-term strategies that currently dominate agricultural GHG mitigation research. At an international level, our review highlights the critical need to carefully reassess GHG emission profiles, particularly if such assessments have not been made since the compilation of original inventories. Failure to act in this regard presents the very real risk of missing the ‘low hanging fruit’ in the rush towards a meaningful response to climate change.
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Tyler, Emily, Michelle Du Toit, and Zelda Burchell. "Emissions trading as a policy option for greenhouse gas mitigation in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i1a3207.
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Emissions trading is fast becoming one of the most popular policy instruments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions internationally. This hybrid instrument combines the certainty of mitigation volume delivered by regulation, whilst also harnessing the power of the market through an economic approach to deliver migitation price discovery and least cost mitigation opportunities. Theoretically, this is a powerful combination.However, the realities of uncertainty and lack of information result in international emissions trading experience deviating substantially from the instrument’s theoretical potential. This is of particular relevance in a developing country context. Scheme design is therefore very important to counter these market failures, and policymakers are required to strike a balance between this and introducing distortions. Given that the instrument is in its infancy, performance of the various schemes up and running internationally is inconclusive. Emissions trading proponents argue that the benefits will be realised over time, once the initial teething problems are overcome. The paper is the result of research conducted in 2008 and presented at the South African Climate Policy Summit in 2009. It considers theory and international experience in application to the potential establishment of an emissions trading scheme in South Africa. Lack of data, capacity and experience with markets in the energy sector present complications in the use of the instrument as a central part of the nation’s mitigation policy suite, as do market concentration issues. Should an emissions trading be proposed, the paper argues for ways in which its design could address these complications, and align with the current energy security imperative resulting from the electricity crisis in the country, the twin political objectives of poverty reduction and employment creation of the recently elected government, and the timeframes proposed by the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios.
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Jung, Seok-ho, Seong-ho Lee, Jihee Min, Mee-hye Lee, and Ji Whan Ahn. "Analysis of the State of the Art of International Policies and Projects on CCU for Climate Change Mitigation with a Focus on the Cases in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010019.
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In 2016, the Korean government selected carbon capture and utilization (CCU) as one of the national strategic projects and presented a detailed roadmap to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to create new climate industries through early demonstration of CCU technology. The Korean government also established the 2030 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Roadmap in 2016 and included carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology in the new energy industry sector as a CCU technology. The Korean government recognizes the importance of CCUS technology as a mid- to long-term measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and implements policies related to technological development. The United States (U.S.), Germany, and China also expect CCUS technology to play a major role in reducing greenhouse gases in the industrial sector in terms of climate and energy policy. This study analyzed the CCU-related policies and technological trends in the U.S., Germany, and China, including major climate and energy plans, driving roadmaps, some government-led projects, and institutional support systems. This work also statistically analyzed 447 CCU and CCUS projects in Korea between 2010 and 2017. It is expected to contribute to responding to climate change, promoting domestic greenhouse gas reduction, and creating future growth engines, as well as to be used as basic data for establishing CCU-related policies in Korea.
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Swallow, Brent M., and Thomas W. Goddard. "Developing Alberta’s greenhouse gas offset system within Canadian and international policy contexts." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 318–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2015-0040.
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Purpose This paper aims to track the development of climate policy in the province of Alberta, Canada, particularly the province’s unique greenhouse gas emission offset mechanism. The analysis shows how the policy has influenced, and been influenced by, policy processes at the national and international levels. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins with an analytical framework that recognizes different types of influence between international, national and provincial climate policy processes. That framework is used to structure a review of four historical periods of climate policy change: prior to 1992, 1992 to 2002, 2002 to 2012 and between 2012 and mid-2015. Findings The analysis illustrates the interplay between the Alberta approach to climate policy and the international and national policy contexts. A period of intense policy conflict between Canada’s federal and provincial governments led to a situation in which the Alberta Government sought to lead rather than follow national policy. Subsequent periods have seen the Canadian national government oscillate between following the lead of Alberta or the USA. Research limitations/implications Rather than national and international policies simply setting the context for Alberta’s policy, the paper identifies multiple flows of influence between the three levels of governance. The results illustrate the need to consider forward and backward flows of influence between the different levels of government that set climate change policies. Elements of several models of policy change are supported. Practical implications The Alberta climate mitigation policy has many elements that can be effective in reducing carbon emissions in a way that is both flexible and predictable. These elements are of interest to other jurisdictions. Other elements of the current policy, however, limit its effectiveness in reducing emissions. More concerted policy action is needed to mitigate carbon emissions in Alberta for Canada to meet its agreed targets. Originality/value No other paper has tracked the historical evolution of climate policy at the provincial/state level in a way that clarifies the forward and backward linkages with national and international policy.
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COHEN, MARK A., and W. KIP VISCUSI. "THE ROLE OF INFORMATION DISCLOSURE IN CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICY." Climate Change Economics 03, no. 04 (November 2012): 1250020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007812500200.
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Information disclosure policies represent an additional policy mechanism that can be used to foster reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. These informational efforts could be either mandatory or voluntary, but in each case government regulation could play a productive role by establishing common structures for the information and providing criteria to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the information. Unlike most previous uses of environmental information disclosure, such as the Toxic Release Inventory and pesticide warnings, carbon footprint labeling does not communicate information about immediate private benefits. While considerable insight can be gleaned by examining the principles for effective warnings generally, additional research would further our understanding of how to best design a successful information effort directed at varied future environmental benefits. Care is needed as green labeling may distort consumer decisions if undue prominence is given to environmental consequences as compared to other valued attributes, such as safety.
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Stanford, Jon. "Electricity generation in a carbon constrained world: the role for gas." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08049.
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In March 2009, the Australian government published draft legislation for its proposed emissions trading scheme—the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). The CPRS is the main instrument that will be employed to achieve Australia’s stated objective of greenhouse gas mitigation, together with the new renewable energy target (RET) mandating that 20% of Australia’s electricity will be provided by renewable energy by 2020. The stated objective is to achieve a 5% reduction in emissions from the year 2000–2020. The objective of a 5% reduction in emissions (identified as CPRS-5 in the Treasury modelling undertaken for Garnaut and the Australian Government) is a more modest target than scientific opinion tells us is required to achieve temperature stabilisation at a level around two degrees higher than the average level now. Yet this target has been selected on the assumption that the rest of the world does not take more substantial action. If Australia seeks to achieve more than the rest of the world there will be a negligible impact on global emissions while we will export investments and jobs to less ambitious countries. In any case, a 5% reduction in emissions from 2000 levels will be difficult to achieve in the absence of major technological change being realised before 2020. It represents a reduction from the year 2000’s levels of 25% in per capita terms, and around 25% from projections of emissions under business-as-usual assumptions. Stationary energy, mainly power generation, is responsible for about half of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions. Because this is also a sector where low emissions technologies are already available, it is expected that much of the heavy-lifting in regard to greenhouse gas mitigation will have to come from this sector. Much of the new investment in the power generation sector to 2020 will come from renewables so as to meet the RET, which equates to around 45,000 GWh of renewable generation by 2020. But what of base load generation? Apart from geothermal, that has yet to be technically and commercially proven in Australia, renewables are generally ill-suited to base load generation. Base load power in Australia has traditionally been provided by black and brown coal and with its high emissions it is unlikely to be seen as a future option in a carbon-constrained world. Lower emissions options for base load generation include: coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS); geothermal energy; nuclear energy; and, combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). The first three options are all problematic in Australia, and would not be able to provide significant generation capacity before 2020.
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Sipayung, Antonio Marro, and dan Henri Sitorus. "Environmental policy commitment of North Sumatera provincial government in climate change mitigation efforts (case study of mangrove protection)." E3S Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200005.
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The purpose of the study is to evaluate the policy commitment of North Sumatera provincial government in mitigating climate change (case study of mangrove protection). The Regional Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas (RAD-GRK) has been adopted in 2012 by the Province of North Sumatra. The action plan identifies action needed to rehabilitate mangroveswithin or outside of forest conservation areas. The action plan aimed for reforestation of 50,000 ha mangroves areas. However, data showed that by 2017 the North Sumatra government has only been able to rehabilitate 4,765 Ha of mangrove forest. On the other hand, mangroves conversion to non forest land continues including conversion to oil palm plantations in Langkat District. Based on the qualitative data of interview with policy makers at the Provincial of North Sumatera and document analysis particularly from the government agencies, the research discovers that the policy commitment of the local government for mangroves protection is weak.
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Odeku, Kola, and Edson Meyer. "Climate Change Surge: Implementing Stringent Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in South Africa." Journal of African Law 54, no. 2 (September 20, 2010): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855310000033.
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AbstractThis article examines how the South African government, realizing the country's vulnerability to climate change, deemed it necessary to strengthen adaptation and mitigation measures and put in place legal and institutional frameworks to ensure implementation and compliance. Government must take responsibility for industry's inaction by implementing policies on climate change and, more importantly, through a visible change in government policy to hold industry accountable. The stringent policies and strategies being put in place are reducing vulnerability and also enhancing a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, climatic, resource and economic perturbations. The article further reviews state of the art methods and tools available to strengthen mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures in the areas of the existing frameworks regarding climate change. It also considers various measures by Eskom in particular, and strategies embarked upon by South Africa's national and local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Greenhouse gas mitigation – Government policy – Australia"
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Enzinger, Sharn Emma 1973. "The economic impact of greenhouse policy upon the Australian electricity industry : an applied general equilibrium analysis." Monash University, Centre of Policy Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8383.
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Hill, Heather. "Local government and greenhouse action in South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh646.pdf.
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Olesniewicz, Timothy J. "Unanticipated Consequences of Regional Greenhouse Gas Policies: Criteria Emissions and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiave." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OlesniewiczTJ2008.pdf.
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Lyshall, Linda. "Collaboration and Climate Action at the Local Scale." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1303754240.
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Ofei-Mensah, Albert. "Transaction costs analysis of alternative greenhouse gas policy instruments in the Australian transport energy sector." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149839.
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Wilson, Kweku N. "The underlying differences in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions control and renewable energy : three European countries approaches to policy." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29843.
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Benatiya, Andaloussi Mehdi. "Clearing the air: essays on the economics of air pollution." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-x0f0-ce82.
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Exposure to air pollution is a leading cause of premature death worldwide. An increasing part of air pollution results from industrial activity and the production of energy. When unregulated, emissions of air pollutants constitute a market failure as polluters do not bear the costs imposed on society at large. My dissertation develops empirical methods to test the effectiveness and distributional effects of environmental policies designed to address this externality. To do so, I apply econometrics and data science techniques on large datasets from cutting-edge research in environmental science and engineering that I match with microeconomic data. The dissertation makes use of new datasets on air pollution derived from satellite imagery, as well as micro-level data on power plant operations and housing transactions across the United States.
Chapter 1 assembles unit-level data to disentangle the factors that led US power plants to achieve the unprecedented reductions in emissions of the past fifteen years. I calculate the costs incurred by the electricity generation sector and compare these costs to the correspond- ing health benefits. In hedonic regressions, I use these shocks to emissions to estimate the demand for clean air with micro-level data on housing transactions. Chapter 2 studies the causal impacts and evaluates the distributional effects of stringent emissions markets that were put in place to target power plants emissions of air pollutants in the Eastern US. Chapter 3 uses new satellite imagery to document the inequalities in the exposure to air pollution in American cities and their recent evolutions.
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Akter, Sonia. "Incorporating uncertainty in environmental valuation." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149760.
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The research reported in this thesis aimed to investigate the influence of uncertainty on individuals' decisions to support a policy intervention in stated preference (SP) studies. Three types of uncertainty were accounted for: (1) scenario uncertainty, (2) policy uncertainty and (3) preference uncertainty. Three analytical models were constructed. The first accounts for both scenario and policy uncertainty in a contingent valuation (CV) study. The second allows testing whether prior beliefs regarding policy uncertainty influence decision making in a choice experiment (CE) study when objective probabilities are provided. Finally, a third analytical model was constructed to determine the sources of preference uncertainty in SP studies. Empirical testing of these models was carried out in Australia using the proposed national Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), an emissions trading scheme to curb Australia's greenhouse gas emissions, as the case study context. The results of the thesis can be summarised by the following key findings. First, individual decision making in the CV survey was influenced by both scenario and policy uncertainty. The variables expected to explain willingness to pay (WTP) were found to be statistically insignificant at the ten percent level when policy uncertainty was ignored. The regression model delivered theoretically expected results when individuals' perceptions of the likely success of the CPRS were incorporated. Second, individual decision making in the CE survey was influenced by both the subjective and objective probabilities of policy effectiveness. CE studies have been carried out in the past assuming that respondents make decisions on the basis regarding objective probabilities only. The results obtained in this thesis show that this assumption may not hold true. Respondents' prior beliefs of the probability of policy success were found to playa significant role in their decisions regarding the CPRS. Accounting for the V influence of prior subjective probability in the utility function delivered significantly different welfare estimates from better performing models. Third, the quadratic relationship hypothesis (a V-shaped relationship between bid level and stated preference certainty scores) proposed by Loomis and Ekstrand (1998) was examined for theoretical and intuitive validity. It was observed that such a relationship is expected to prevail only if the distribution of sample respondents' WTP for the environmental good is normally distributed across the bid levels. The hypothesis was empirically tested by regressing the certainty scores against the offered bid levels. A V-shaped relationship between bid level and the stated certainty scores was observed in only one out of the four empirical models. The self-reported certainty scores varied depending on respondents' age, education, attitudes (positive and negative) towards the environmental good, knowledge and familiarity with the good and the level of environmental uncertainty (scenario and policy) associated with the valuation framework. While testing the construct validity of the self-reported preference certainty scores, verbal expression based techniques were found to be more appropriate than purely numerical scale based techniques. The regression model estimated using the polychotomous choice certainty scores (a verbal measure of preference uncertainty) provided evidence in support of the hypotheses drawn from the proposed cognitive psychology model of preference uncertainty. The numerical certainty scale method showed poor construct validity. Finally, the relationship between the stated preference certainty scores and number of choice questions was examined in a CE study. It was hypothesised that the stated preference certainty scores increase at a decreasing rate as respondents answer additional choice questions. This is due to the combined impacts of learning and fatigue in the repeated choice exercise. The results provide evidence in support of the hypothesis: the stated preference certainty gain from the second choice question was significantly higher than the preference certainty gain from the third, fourth and fifth choice questions.
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Muttaqin, Muhammad Zahrul. "Designing payments for environmental services (PES) to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155792.
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REDD+ is an initiative proposed to compensate parties who can demonstrate that they have already reduced emissions from their forests. One of the mechanisms that can be used to implement it is payment for environmental services (PES). Many studies on PES suggest that property rights are the most influential factor in determining the workability of PES schemes. In an Indonesian context, where the State dominates the ownership of forest areas and where the implementation of laws and related regulations are usually problematic, portraying the formal and informal regulations related to forest tenure is essential in order to comprehend the implications of forest policies and practices for PES. Hence, the central question of this study is "How can PES be designed for state forests in Indonesia to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation?" The study shows that conflicting interests between customary communities and the State in relation to the ownership of forest resources in Papua have produced tenure insecurity in the management of Papuan forests. The study also shows the significance of the role that customary communities play in forest management in Papua. The customary communities in Papua have limited access to forest resources despite their claims to ownership of the forests. In contrast, the study shows the insignificant role of local communities in forest management in Riau since they do not have access to forest. The absence of community rights over forest resources, the interest of communities in the development of oil palm plantations, and the overlapping regulations related to land and forest management in Riau Province, all need to be considered in the establishment of community-based forest management. The study provides different options to strengthen tenure arrangements since local communities in Papua and Riau Provinces have different positions in terms of accessing state forests. The study stresses that the political will of the government is essential to improve forest tenure so that local communities can have better access to state forests. Delineating forest boundaries is a priority to ensure that development of institutional arrangements takes place. In relation to the development of PES for REDD+, it is concluded that the development of an appropriate community-based forest management system will have a positive impact on tenure security and the reduction of technical constraints, although it may increase the investment costs. Whilst REDD+ programs in Indonesia are now being implemented, community access to state forests is an important aspect that is still to be considered. The study proposes a two-stage PES for REDD+ as the design for involving communities in REDD+ projects by considering the conditionality, transparency, voluntariness and additionality of PES. The two-stage PES for REDD+ consists of initial and PES periods. The initial period is designed to improve tenure arrangements for local communities and the PES period is designed to implement the PES scheme. This study proposes that acknowledging current customary forest practices and implementing REDD+ at the district level, are two policy shifts that need to be undertaken by the Indonesian government to implement PES for REDD+.
Books on the topic "Greenhouse gas mitigation – Government policy – Australia"
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Bert, Metz, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group III, eds. Climate change 2001: Mitigation. Cambridge: Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [by] Cambridge University Press, 2001.
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Saldana, Steffen D. Sources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
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Saldana, Steffen D. Sources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
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India. Working Group on National Action Plan for Operationalising Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in India. Report of the Working Group on National Action Plan for Operationalising Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in India. New Delhi: Planning Commission, Govt. of India, 2003.
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Kenkyūjo, Jūkankyō Keikaku. Chikyū ondanka taisaku suishinhō ni motozuku seifu no jikkō keikaku ni kansuru jisshi jōkyō chōsa hōkokusho: Heisei 24-nendo. [Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku]: Jūkankyō Keikaku Kenkyūjo, 2013.
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Thamrin, Syamsidar. Guideline for implementing green house gas emission reduction action plan: Translated English version. [Jakarta]: Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency, 2012.
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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Transportation and Housing. Reducing congestion and greenhouse gas emissions through parking policy. Sacramento, CA: Senate Publications & Flags, 2009.
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Zhongguo wen shi qi ti jian pai ji qi zheng ce dao xiang. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2012.
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Trading, Ireland Consultation Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Report of the Consultation Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading. [Ireland]: Brunswick Press Ltd., 2000.
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Commission, California Energy. Final opinion and recommendations on greenhouse gas regulatory strategies: [draft]. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Greenhouse gas mitigation – Government policy – Australia"
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Mayes, Xavier. "Livestock and Climate Change." In Natural Resources Management, 1216–46. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch059.
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A global shift away from diets dominated by meat, dairy and eggs to mainly plant-based diets is as necessary in mitigating anthropogenic climate change as the shift away from fossil fuels. Yet a large awareness gap exists about animal agriculture's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies in Australia and the United States show this issue is represented in less than 1 percent of all newspaper articles about climate change. This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers in addressing the livestock sector's impact on climate change. Policy recommendations in the literature are compared with the responses of governments, industry and the NGO sector. Australia's unique socioeconomic and cultural ties to livestock production and the consumption of animal products represent a significant barrier to demand-side mitigation. An analysis of newspaper articles mentioning animal agriculture's link to climate change in The Sydney Morning Herald between 2006 and 2014 provides insights into the facilitation and shaping of public awareness on the issue to date. The findings can inform strategies to increase future media coverage and encourage a more engaged discourse on demand-side mitigation.
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Mayes, Xavier. "Livestock and Climate Change." In Impact of Meat Consumption on Health and Environmental Sustainability, 75–105. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9553-5.ch005.
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A global shift away from diets dominated by meat, dairy and eggs to mainly plant-based diets is as necessary in mitigating anthropogenic climate change as the shift away from fossil fuels. Yet a large awareness gap exists about animal agriculture's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies in Australia and the United States show this issue is represented in less than 1 percent of all newspaper articles about climate change. This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers in addressing the livestock sector's impact on climate change. Policy recommendations in the literature are compared with the responses of governments, industry and the NGO sector. Australia's unique socioeconomic and cultural ties to livestock production and the consumption of animal products represent a significant barrier to demand-side mitigation. An analysis of newspaper articles mentioning animal agriculture's link to climate change in The Sydney Morning Herald between 2006 and 2014 provides insights into the facilitation and shaping of public awareness on the issue to date. The findings can inform strategies to increase future media coverage and encourage a more engaged discourse on demand-side mitigation.
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Hughes, Sara. "The Shifting Ambitions and Positions of City Governments." In Repowering Cities, 1–16. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740411.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter discusses the shifting ambitions and positions of city governments. Once considered the purveyors of street repairs and sewer mains, city governments are now being heralded as innovative, entrepreneurial, and dynamic actors ready to take on societal challenges that other levels of government seem unprepared or unwilling to address. Indeed, city governments are viewed, and are viewing themselves, as able to effectively pursue major policy agendas once considered the sole purview of national governments. From labor to immigration to climate change, there has been a shift in both practice and rhetoric to cities. In the United States, city governments from Bangor, Maine, to Los Angeles, California, are raising the minimum wage for their residents, even as many state governments scramble to prevent them from doing so. The chapter explains that the book focuses on local efforts to address global climate change. It explores the means by which city governments—particularly those of New York City, Los Angeles, and Toronto—pursue climate change mitigation, or reducing the greenhouse gas emissions produced by urban systems, and to what ends.
Conference papers on the topic "Greenhouse gas mitigation – Government policy – Australia"
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Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.
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Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
Reports on the topic "Greenhouse gas mitigation – Government policy – Australia"
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Kaaret, Kaidi, and Evelin Piirsalu. Decarbonizing the EU’s road and construction sectors through green public procurement: the cases of Estonia and Poland. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.031.
Full textAbstract:
Government spending on public works, goods and services in the European Union (EU) accounts for about 14% of the EU’s GDP. Consequently, the EU and its Member States (MS) can make a great impact in accelerating the development and uptake of low-carbon technologies through green public procurement (GPP). This brief is part of a wider project financed by Breakthrough Energy, aiming to understand the divergences in GPP uptake in different EU MS and to identify key barriers to greater adoption and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute to greater policy coherence among member states to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as to increase policy support for the design of GPP implementation frameworks and for harmonized GPP target-setting. In 2020, the road transport sector accounted for 23% and 20% of total Estonian and Polish GHG emissions, respectively, while the construction sector represented about 5% and 9% of Estonian and Polish total GHG emissions, respectively. These numbers point to the large mitigation potential that procuring authorities can support by including environmental criteria in procurements. In this brief, we share the results from our desktop research and stakeholder interviews for Estonia and Poland. Results from all cases and additional research will be published in a report later in 2022.
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Decarbonizing the EU’s road and construction sectors through green public procurement: the case of Sweden and the Netherlands. Stockholm Environment Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.026.
Full textAbstract:
Government spending on public works, goods and services in the European Union (EU) accounts for about 14% of the EU’s GDP. Consequently, the EU and its Member States can make a great impact in accelerating the development and uptake of low-carbon technologies through green public procurement (GPP). This brief is part of a wider project financed by Breakthrough Energy, aiming to understand the divergences in GPP uptake in different EU Member States and to identify key barriers to greater adoption and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, the project’s goal is to contribute to greater policy coherence among member states to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as to increase policy support for the design of GPP implementation frameworks and for harmonized GPP target-setting. We focus on the construction and road transport sector because of their high share of GHG emissions (respectively about 25% and 21% of EU’s total carbon dioxide [CO2] emissions), and hence the large mitigation potential that procuring authorities can support by including sustainability criteria in procurements. In this brief, we share results from our research and stakeholder interviews for Sweden and the Netherlands. Results from all cases and additional research will be published in a report later in 2022.