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Wan, Ariffin Wan Nur Suryani Firuz. "Real-time resource management and energy trading for green cloud-RAN." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/realtime-resource-management-and-energy-trading-for-green-cloudran(b576b0a7-0aa3-425e-9b77-407dba2bb6f2).html.
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This thesis considers cloud radio access network (C-RAN), where the remote radio heads (RRHs) are equipped with renewable energy resources and can trade energy with the grid. Due to uneven distribution of mobile radio traffic and inherent intermittent nature of renewable energy resources, the RRHs may need real-time energy provisioning to meet the users demands. Given the amount of available energy resources at RRHs, the main contributions of the thesis begin with introducing realtime resource management strategies to the RRHs with a shortage of power budget to select an optimal number of user terminals based on their available energy budget. On the other hand, sparse beamforming strategies introduced in the second part of the thesis account for all RRHs with or without a shortage of power and take consideration of realistic constraints on fronthaul capacity restrictions. The proposed strategies strike an optimum balance among the total power consumption in the fronthaul through adjusting the degree of partial cooperation among RRHs, RRHs total transmit power and the maximum or total spot-market energy cost. A smart energy management strategy based on the combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) theory for C-RAN, which is powered by a hybrid of grid and renewable energy sources is studied in the last part of the thesis. A combinatorial upper confidence bound (CUCB) algorithm to maximize the overall rewards, earned as a result of minimizing the cost of energy trading at individual RRHs of the C-RAN has been introduced. Adapting to the dynamic wireless channel conditions, the proposed CUCB algorithm associates a set of optimal energy packages, to be purchased from the day-ahead markets, to a set of RRHs to minimize the total cost of energy purchase from the main power grid by dynamically forming super arms. A super arm is formed on the basis of calculating the instantaneous energy demands at the current time slot, learning from the cooperative energy trading at the previous time slots and adjusting the mean rewards of the individual arms.
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Yong, Yin Shiaw. "Investigating drivers' behaviour on approaching a junction at the end of green time." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360514/.
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The DFT statistics (2010) revealed that red light running behaviour causes approximately 10 casualties per day in the UK, which is 3.4% higher than the previous year (2009). There has been uncertainty about the reasons for these violations; past literature has suggested that it could be due to insufficient amber duration or factors associated with the road environment, drivers and driving behaviour. Despite the underlying causes of these violations, red light running behaviour has been found to be more prevalent amongst younger drivers. A driving decision behaviour framework that captures continuously driver speed and acceleration performance, and their decisions was proposed. This research identifies contextual variables that can be used to predict driver’s decisions at junctions during the amber onset (such as presence of pedestrians and heavy vehicles). In particular, drivers were more likely to cross the junction when there was a vehicle directly ahead of them. Studies of drivers were conducted in a STISIM driving simulator. A methodology was developed to categorise driver responses as safe or unsafe, and to systematically assess the performances of different interventions. The advanced signal intervention (with a set of advanced signals placed upstream on the same approach of the original traffic light displaying the impending signal status from the next second) was the most effective intervention to increase stopping decision (with maximum deceleration rate < 4.9m/s2) without elevating driver uncertainty at junctions. The flashing amber intervention (with a standalone flashing amber light adjacent to the original traffic light activated 1s prior to the amber onset) however seemed to encourage drivers to stop early. Drivers braked significantly earlier when compared to other interventions and the control condition (i.e. baseline scenario). The extended amber intervention (with 4s amber phase) has slightly reduced unsafe stopping behaviour when compared to the control condition, but the intervention also increased driver uncertainty. 70% among the stopping decisions were categorised as unsafe (with maximum deceleration rate > 4.9m/s2), and therefore may not be recommended. The positive effects of the interventions to reduce violations were negated at urban junctions, which suggest that red light countermeasures may not be required at urban junctions. The findings also revealed a slower braking response time to the interventions when the drivers were within close proximity to another vehicle, thus highlighting the contextual effects of their preceding vehicle as suggested from the observational study. Future research should be extended to assess the performance of the advanced signal intervention to different levels of traffic flow and turning manoeuvres. Larger sample of drivers should be employed for improved reliability.
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Freire, Márcio de Melo. "Funções de Green em Mecânica Estatística." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9059.
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FREIRE, Márcio de Melo. Funções de Green em Mecânica Estatística. 2014. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-09-12T19:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mmfreire.pdf: 935092 bytes, checksum: 28a3a9a1ed16462d01e40ff411a01564 (MD5)
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Neste trabalho estabeleceremos as definições das funções de Green em mecânica estatística e suas propriedades básicas. Estas funções dependem duplamente do tempo e da temperatura. Isto pode ser observado por meio de suas definições, onde aparecem os valores médios dos produtos de operadores. Neste caso a média é feita sobre o ensemble grão-canônico. Os operadores envolvidos nestas funções satisfazem a equação de movimento de Heisenberg, o que nos permite descrever as equações de evolução para as funções de Green. Por meio da representação espectral das funções de correlação temporal, que é feita através da introdução de uma transformada de Fourier para mudar o sistema do espaço dos tempos para o espaço das frequências, podemos obter as representações espectrais para as funções de Green retardada, avançada e causal. Por último, faremos o uso da função de Green retardada para descrever a condutividade elétrica de um sistema de elétrons submetido a um campo elétrico externo dependente de tempo, em outras palavras, descreveremos o tensor de condutividade elétrica em termos da função de Green retardada e, por último, calcularemos a condutividade elétrica de um sistema de elétrons e fônons.
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Maiwandi, Nadia. "Framing Iran| The Islamic revolution and the Green Movement as told through Time magazine." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541535.
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This framing analysis was conducted to study how Time portrayed Iran and Iranians during the Islamic Revolution of 1978-79 and the Green Movement uprising of 2009. In this study, particular attention was given to how the magazine framed the leaders of Iran and their opposition during these times, as well as to any correlation between Time's portrayal and the United States government's positions on these events. The analysis shows that magazine adhered to the United States' strong defense of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ("the Shah"), providing frames that depicted him as the only capable leader in Iran. Time framed the Islamic Revolution as violent, anti-modern, and lacking legitimate grievance, which also correlated with the U.S. government's position. Conversely, the latter period's data showed that Time used negative frames to discuss the Islamic Republic of Iran, depicting the administration as paranoid and out of touch with reality. The uprising of the Green Movement, which threatened the Islamic Republic's stability, received positive frames from Time . The frames on the Green Movement supported the White House's position on Iran, as in the earlier period. This study's findings demonstrate the U.S. media's conformity to official government frames on international events, specifically those depicting Iran.
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Hrusovsky, Martin, Emrah Demir, Werner Jammernegg, and Woensel Tom van. "Hybrid simulation and optimization approach for green intermodal transportation problem with travel time uncertainty." Springer Nature, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10696-016-9267-1.
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The increasing volumes of road transportation contribute to congestion on road, which leads to delays and other negative impacts on the reliability of transportation. Moreover, transportation is one of the main contributors to the growth of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, where the impact of road transportation is significant. Therefore, governmental organizations and private commercial companies are looking for greener transportation solutions to eliminate the negative externalities of road transportation. In this paper, we present a novel solution framework to support the operational-level decisions for intermodal transportation networks using a combination of an optimization model and simulation. The simulation model includes stochastic elements in form of uncertain travel times, whereas the optimization model represents a deterministic and linear multi-commodity service network design formulation. The intermodal transportation plan can be optimized according to different objectives, including costs, time and CO2e emissions. The proposed approach is successfully implemented to real-life scenarios where differences in transportation plans for alternative objectives are presented. The solutions for transportation networks with up to 250 services and 20 orders show that the approach is capable of delivering reliable solutions and identifying possible disruptions and alternatives for adapting the unreliable transportation plans.
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Song, Ying. "Green Accessibility: Estimating the Environmental Costs of Space-time Prisms for Sustainable Transportation Planning." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437344275.
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Santiago, Vanessa L. "ASSESSMENT OF TIME SPENT IN GREEN SPACES AND PERCEIVED STRESSORS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL YOUTH." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1563883356033913.
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Freire, MÃrcio de Melo. "FunÃÃes de Green em mecÃnica estatÃstica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12311.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoNeste trabalho estabeleceremos as definiÃÃes das funÃÃes de Green em mecÃnica estatÃstica e suas propriedades bÃsicas. Estas funÃÃes dependem duplamente do tempo e da temperatura. Isto pode ser observado por meio de suas definiÃÃes, onde aparecem os valores mÃdios dos produtos de operadores. Neste caso a mÃdia à feita sobre o ensemble grÃo-canÃnico. Os operadores envolvidos nestas funÃÃes satisfazem a equaÃÃo de movimento de Heisenberg, o que nos permite descrever as equaÃÃes de evoluÃÃo para as funÃÃes de Green. Por meio da representaÃÃo espectral das funÃÃes de correlaÃÃo temporal, que à feita atravÃs da introduÃÃo de uma transformada de Fourier para mudar o sistema do espaÃo dos tempos para o espaÃo das frequÃncias, podemos obter as representaÃÃes espectrais para as funÃÃes de Green retardada, avanÃada e causal. Por Ãltimo, faremos o uso da funÃÃo de Green retardada para descrever a condutividade elÃtrica de um sistema de elÃtrons submetido a um campo elÃtrico externo dependente de tempo, em outras palavras, descreveremos o tensor de condutividade elÃtrica em termos da funÃÃo de Green retardada e, por Ãltimo, calcularemos a condutividade elÃtrica de um sistema de elÃtrons e fÃnons.
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Sannitu, Francesco. "Sviluppo sostenibile e sistema di gestione ambientale: il caso green jazz." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6445/.
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Belan, Vladimír. ""Aplikace 7 návyků od Stephena Coveyho v praxi ve firmě Green Ways"." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199941.
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Impulse to write master's thesis was effort to use knowledge from book "7 habits of highly effective people" by Stephen Covey in practice in company Green Ways. Experiment was chosen as method of research. The goal of master's thesis was verifying hypothesis that certain volume of (non)work activities should lead to better work results in concrete amount. Experimental stimulus as (non)work activities influenced experimental group (10 people from company Green Ways) but did not infulenced control group (another 10 people from company Green Ways). Research lasted from the 2nd September till 3rd November 2013. As conclusion it was realised that hypothesis was not confirmed. This certain volume of activities did not lead to supposed work results (quantitative results). As people from experimental group are concerned, side effect of research for them were different findings from (non)work topics (qualitative results of survey).
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Zita, Andreas. "Computational Real-Time Sound Synthesis of Rain." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1830.
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Real-time sound synthesis in computer games using physical modeling is an area with great potential. To date, most sounds are pre-recorded to match a certain event. Instead by using a model to describe the sound producing event, a number of problems encountered when using pre-recorded sounds can be avoided. This thesis will introduce these problems and present a solution. The thesis will also evaluate one such physical model, for rain sound, and implement a real- time simulation to demonstrate the advantages of the method.
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Hagberg, Lovisa. "Finding a place for green politics : political space-time, globalisation and new environmental policy concepts /." Umeå : Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Univ. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109.
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Yarahmadian, Shantia. "Point wise Green function bounds and long-time stability of large-amplitude noncharacteristic boundary layers." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337271.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Mathematics, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 28, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: B, page: 7553. Adviser: Kevin Zumbrun.
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Ruzindana, Mark William. "Real-Time Beamforming Algorithms for the Focal L-Band Array on the Green Bank Telescope." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6622.
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A phased array feed (PAF) provides a contiguous, electronically synthesized wide field of view for large-dish astronomical observatories. Significant progress has been made in recent years in improving the sensitivity of PAF receivers though optimizing the design of the antenna array, cryogenic cooling of the front end, and implementation of real-time correlation and beamforming in digital signal processing. FLAG is a 19 dual-polarized element phased array with cryogenic LNAs, direct digitization of RF signals at the front end, digital signal transport over fiber, and a real time signal processing back end with up to 150 MHz bandwidth. The digital back end includes multiple processing modes, including real-time beamforming, real-time correlation, and a separate real-time beamformer for commensal radio transient searches. Following a polyphase filterbank operation performed in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), beamforming, correlation, and integration are implemented on graphical processing units (GPUs) that perform parallelized operations. Parallelization greatly increases processing speed and allows for real-time signal processing. During a recent test/commissioning of FLAG, Tsys/efficiency of approximately 28 K was measured across the PAF field of view and operating bandwidth, corresponding to a system temperature below 20 K. To demonstrate the astronomical capability of the receiver, a pulsar (PSR B1937+21) was detected with the real-time beamformer. This thesis provides details on the development of the FLAG digital back end, the real-time beamformer, and reports on the commissioning tests of the FLAG PAF receiver developed by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank Observatory (GBO), West Virginia University (WVU), and Brigham Young University for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT).
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Craig, Colleen F. "Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in time-dependent density functional theory with applications to nanoscale materials /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8671.
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Ramsey, Alison C. "Defining the conjunctival staining method : instillation volume and time course to assess staining with lissamine green." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2008. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_opt_stuetd/4.
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A thesis presented by Alison C. Ramsey, OD submitted to the Clinical Vision Research Program, College of Optometry of Nova Southeastern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
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Krüger, Jens-Thomas [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Brüning. "Green Wave : A Semi Custom Hardware Architecture for Reverse Time Migration / Jens-Thomas Krüger ; Betreuer: Ulrich Brüning." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1179785533/34.
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Haaning, Allison M. "Detection of odontoglossum ringspot virus in inoculated orchid leaf tissue using SYBR green real-time RT-PCR." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371842.
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Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) is one of the most prevalent orchid viruses that infects greenhouse-grown orchids worldwide. In order to prevent the spread of viruses in greenhouses and to cultivate clones from virus-free mother plants, it is necessary to develop a more sensitive technique for the detection of viruses in orchids. SYBR green real-time RT-PCR is a highly sensitive technique that can specifically detect ORSV in orchid tissue. By harvesting tissue at the inoculation site and at specific distances from the inoculation site at different times past inoculation, this technique can also be used to study the rate of spread of ORSV in orchids. Orchid clones were inoculated with ORSV and other clones were mock-inoculated with molecular grade water. Leaf tissue was harvested from the ORSV-inoculated and mock-inoculated clones at the site of inoculation and at specific distances from this site at 16 h, 24 h, and 72 h past inoculation. Total RNA was extracted from the harvested tissue. Competitive RTPCR was going to be used for the quantification and detection of ORSV in the samples, but attempts at cloning an ORSV fragment into a vector in order to form a competitive standard were unsuccessful. Instead, a highly sensitive qualitative approach called SYBR green real-time RT-PCR was used for the detection of ORSV. ORSV was detected in all virus-inoculated orchids, except for one. Therefore, all of the ORSV inoculated plants except for one were infected with the virus. Unexpectedly, ORSV was also detected in all of the mock-inoculated orchids. Most likely the orchids were previously infected with ORSV, but the viral titer was too low to be detected by commercial techniques. However, there is a small possibility that the orchids were contaminated during experimentation, despite careful technique. The rate of spread of the virus could not be studied because the mock-inoculated samples also contained the virus. Although viral amplification was demonstrated in the mock-inoculated plants, SYBR green real-time RT-PCR is still a sensitive and consistent method for ORSV detection in orchids. With additional controls, this method could prove to be the ideal method for reliable detection of ORSV in commercially-grown orchids.Department of Biology
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Chen, Kai. "Use of green fluorescent protein for the analysis of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4886.
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Restriction modification (RM) systems play a crucial role in preventing the entry of foreign DNA into the bacterial cell. The best studied Type I RM system is EcoKI from Escherichia coli K12. Both bacteriophage and conjugative plasmids have developed a variety of strategies to circumvent the host RM system. One such strategy involves the production of antirestriction proteins that mimic a short segment of DNA and efficiently inhibit the RM system. The main aim of this project was to analyse the interaction of EcoKI and its cognate methylase (MTase) with the T7 antirestriction protein, known as overcome classical restriction (Ocr), and various ArdA antirestriction proteins. Currently, there is a paucity of structural data on the complex formed between the Type I system and the antirestriction proteins. The aim of this work was twofold; (i) compare the interaction of MTase with DNA and Ocr and (ii) quantify the strength of interaction between MTase and various ArdA proteins. The MTase was fused to the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) to facilitate determination of the orientation of interaction with DNA and Ocr. Time resolved fluorescence measurements were carried out using the GFP-MTase fusion to determine the fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy decay. These experiments were conducted using a time resolved fluorescence instrument fabricated in-house. The values determined in these experiments were then used to perform fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements with fluorescently labelled DNA or Ocr. These measurements gave information concerning the relative orientation of the MTase with either DNA or Ocr. The GFP-MTase fusion was also used to quantify the strength of interaction with various ArdA proteins. Previous attempts to determine the strength of interaction between MTase and ArdA proteins by employing conventional techniques have been unsuccessful. Therefore, a novel method was developed that exploits the interaction of MTase with a cation exchange medium, which can subsequently be displaced upon binding to ArdA. This method facilitated the determination, for the first time, of a set of binding affinities for the MTase and ArdA interaction.
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Sharif, Sanaz. "Comparison of real-time PCR assays for screening of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154460.
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Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora. Many healthy people are colonized by the bacterium mainly in the nose but also on the skin and on other mucous membranes without showing symptoms. After damage to the skin, the bacterium can enter the wound and cause infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is resistant to b-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin. The gene that gives resistance characteristic of MRSA is the mecA-gene. MRSA strains are spread in both hospitals and in the community, and it is important to identify these bacteria with rapid and sensitive methods. In this study, Taq Man RT-qPCR was compared with SYBR Green RT-qPCR (LightCycler480, Roche) to explore which method had the best sensitivity with the least working hours. In addition, Bullet for automated DNA extraction and CAS 1200 ™ for automated pipetting of the samples were evaluated. Twelve patient isolates and 232 patient samples for MRSA screening were included in the study. The results showed that the primers were of major importance for the outcome of the amplification. It was also shown that the Ct-values were clearly lower when the Bullet, CAS 1200 ™ and LightCycler480 were combined compared with manual DNA extraction, manual pipetting and the Rotor-Gene 6000. In future, the former method will be used by the laboratory when screening patient samples for MRSA.
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Nybo, Jeffrey M. "Development of a GPU-Based Real-Time Interference Mitigating Beamformer for Radio Astronomy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7749.
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Radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation enables radio astronomical observation in frequency bands that are shared with many modern satellite and ground based devices by filtering out the interference in corrupted bands. The present work documents the development of a beamformer (spatial filter) equipped with RFI mitigation capabilities. The beamformer is intended for systems with antenna arrays designed for large bandwidths. Because array data post processing on large bandwidths would require massive memory space beyond feasible limits, there is a need for a RFI mitigation system capable of doing processing on the data as it arrives in real-time; storing only a data reduced result into long term memory. The real-time system is designed to be implemented on both the FLAG phased array feed (PAF) on the Green Bank telescope in West Virginia, as well as future radio astronomy projects. It will also serve as the anti-jamming component in communications applications developed for the United States office of naval research (ONR). Implemented on a graphical processing unit (GPU), this beamformer demonstrates a working single step filter using nVidia's CUDA technology, technology with high-speed parallelism that makes real-time RFI mitigation possible.
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Mancipe, Muñoz Nestor Alonso. "Detention-based Green/Gray Infrastructure Framework to Control Combined Sewer Overflows." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439307033.
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Kubička, Matěj. "Constrained Time-Dependent Adaptive Eco-Routing Navigation System." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS434/document.
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L'éco-routage est une méthode de navigation du véhicule qui sélectionne les trajets vers une destination minimisant la consommation de carburant, la consommation d'énergie ou les émissions de polluants. C'est l'une des techniques qui tentent de réduire les coûts d'exploitation et l'empreinte environnementale du véhicule. Ce travail passe en revue les méthodes actuelles d'éco-routage et propose une nouvelle méthode pour pallier leurs insuffisances. La plupart des méthodes actuelles attribuent à chaque route du réseau routier un coût constant qui représente la consommation du véhicule ou la quantité de polluants émis. Un algorithme de routage optimal est ensuite utilisé pour trouver le chemin qui minimise la somme de ces coûts. Différentes extensions sont considérées dans la littérature. L'éco-routage contraint permet d'imposer des limites sur le temps de trajet, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de polluants. L'éco-routage dépendant du temps permet le routage sur un graphique avec des coûts qui sont fonction du temps. L'éco-routage adaptatif permet de mettre à jour la solution d'éco-routage au cas où elle deviendrait invalide en raison d'un développement inattendu sur la route. Il existe des méthodes d'éco-routage optimales publiées qui résolvent l'éco-routage dépendant du temps ou l'éco-routage contraint ou l'éco-routage adaptatif. Chacun vient avec des frais généraux de calcul considérablement plus élevés par rapport à l'éco-routage standard et, à la connaissance de l'auteur, aucune méthode publiée ne prend en charge la combinaison des trois: éco-routage adaptatif dépendant du temps contraint. On soutient dans ce travail que les coûts d'acheminement sont incertains en raison de leur dépendance au trafic immédiat autour du véhicule, du comportement du conducteur et d'autres perturbations. Il est en outre soutenu que puisque ces coûts sont incertains, il y a peu d'avantages à utiliser un routage optimal car l'optimalité de la solution ne tient que tant que les coûts de routage sont corrects. Au lieu de cela, une méthode d'approximation est proposée dans ce travail. La charge de calcul est plus faible car la solution n'est pas requise pour être optimale. Cela permet l'éco-routage adaptatif dépendant du temps contraintEco-routing is a vehicle navigation method that selects those paths to a destination that minimize fuel consumption, energy consumption or pollutant emissions. It is one of the techniques that attempt to lower vehicle's operational cost and environmental footprint. This work reviews the current eco-routing methods and proposes a new method designed to overcome their shortcomings. Most current methods assign every road in the road network some constant cost that represents either vehicle's consumption there or the amount of emitted pollutants. An optimal routing algorithm is then used to find the path that minimizes the sum of these costs. Various extensions are considered in the literature. Constrained eco-routing allows imposing limits on travel time, energy consumption, and pollutant emissions. Time-dependent eco-routing allows routing on a graph with costs that are functions of time. Adaptive eco-routing allows updating the eco-routing solution in case it becomes invalid due to some unexpected development on the road. There exist published optimal eco-routing methods that solve either the time-dependent eco-routing, or constrained eco-routing, or adaptive eco-routing. Each comes with considerably higher computational overhead with respect to the standard eco-routing and, to author's best knowledge, no published method supports the combination of all three: constrained time-dependent adaptive eco-routing. It is argued in this work that the routing costs are uncertain because of their dependence on immediate traffic around the vehicle, on driver's behavior, and other perturbations. It is further argued that since these costs are uncertain, there is little benefit in using optimal routing because the optimality of the solution holds only as long as the routing costs are correct. Instead, an approximation method is proposed in this work. The computational overhead is lower since the solution is not required to be optimal. This enables the constrained time-dependent adaptive eco-routing
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Strömgren, Aron. "Real-time previsualization on set." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64398.
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The execution of this thesis was based on one primare question and threesecondary questions: Primary question at issue: Is it possible to develop a system to previsualize computer generatedgraphics in real-time on a film set with available equipment on theuniversity? Secondary questions at issue: Is it possible to sync the camera feed with the motions of the HTC Vive to getan acceptable result in the game engine with existing equipment? Will the result be able to be integrated with the Computer Graphicsprogramme at LTU? How much access to control and manipulate the previsualized computergenerated graphics, while filming can be achieved? The purpose of this report is to try a method with the available equipment, toproduce a prototype of a tool to previsualize computer generated graphics inreal-time. The equipment used for the method was a computer, web camera, HTC Vive anda green screen. All the equipment was linked together with the game engineUnity. This resulted in a prototype of a tool that in real-time can mimic themotions of the camera, replace colored background and has the feature of realtimescene editing, as the previsualization runs.Utförandet av detta examensarbete baserades på en primär frågeställning, samttre ytterligare sekundära frågor: Primär frågeställning: Kan man med hjälp av befintlig utrustning på universitetet ta fram enmodell för att previsualisera datorgenererad grafik i real-tid vid en inspelning? Sekundära frågeställningar: Kommer det gå att synka bild från webcamera med fångade rörelser frånHTC Vive och få ett godtagbart resultat från spelmotorn med befintligutrustning? Kan man använda resultatet som ett verktyg för utbildningen Datorgrafikpå LTU? Hur mycket kontroll för den förhandsvisade grafiken går att uppnå i realtid? Syftet med rapporten är att framställa och bepröva en prototyp av en produkt föratt kunna förhandsvisa datorgenererad grafik i real-tid, med befintlig utrustning. Metoden utövades med en dator, web kamera, HTC Vive och en green screen.Genom att använda spelmotorn Unity knöts utrustningen samman för attresultera i en prototyp som i real-tid fångar kamerans rörelser, ersätter färgadbakgrund och kan manipuleras direkt vid inspelning.
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Nishino, Hiroto. "Real-time Navigation for Liver Surgery Using Projection Mapping With Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Development of the Novel Medical Imaging Projection System." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242358.
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Nagaraj, Mahavir. "Short time scale thermal mechanical shock wave propagation in high performance microelectronic packaging configuration." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1087.
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The generalized theory of thermoelasticity was employed to characterize the coupled thermal and mechanical wave propagation in high performance microelectronic packages. Application of a Gaussian heat source of spectral profile similar to high performance devices was shown to induce rapid thermal and mechanical transient phenomena. The stresses and temporal gradient of stresses (power density) induced by the thermal and mechanical disturbances were analyzed using the Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT). The arrival time of frequency components and their magnitude was studied at various locations in the package. Comparison of the results from the classical thermoelasticity theory and generalized theory was also conducted. It was found that the two theories predict vastly different results in the vicinity of the heat source but that the differences diminish within a larger time window. Results from both theories indicate that the rapid thermal-mechanical waves cause high frequency, broadband stress waves to propagate through the package for a very short period of time. The power density associated with these stress waves was found to be of significant magnitude indicating that even though the effect, titled short time scale effect, is short lived, it could have significant impact on package reliability. The high frequency and high power density associated with the stress waves indicate that the probability of sub-micron cracking and/or delamination due to short time scale effect is high. The findings demonstrate that in processes involving rapid thermal transients, there is a non-negligible transient phenomenon worthy of further investigation.
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Fujii, Kenichiro. "The Effects of Developmental Traits on Genetic Variation of Green Stem Disorder in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199375.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19051号
農博第2129号
新制||農||1033(附属図書館)
学位論文||H27||N4933(農学部図書室)
32002
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 奥本 裕, 准教授 中﨑 鉄也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Ortiz, Sidney. "Produção de forrageiras hibernais semeadas antes e após a colheita da soja, sob doses de adubação nitrogenada." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1515.
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O trabalho foi realizado na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Pato Branco, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do estabelecimentode espécies forrageiras hibernais antes e após a colheita da soja (Glycine max Merrill) e o uso do nitrogênio na produção e valor nutricional de forragem. A semeadura das espécies forrageiras foi realizada a lanço, antes da colheita da soja, quando essa encontrava no estágio fenológico reprodutivo R5, e após a colheita, em linhas com semeadora. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas, distribuídas em um arranjo fatorial 3x3, sendo três espécies forrageiras hibernais e três doses de nitrogênio, com três repetições. Nas parcelas principais foram alocadas as épocas de semeadura, nas subparcelas e subsubparcelas, a combinação entre níveis de nitrogênio e espécies forrageiras. As espécies forrageiras utilizadas foram aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) cv. IAPAR 61, azevém comum (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e ervilhaca comum (Vicia sativa L.) com densidade de semeadura de 80, 40 e 35 kg ha-1 de sementes viáveis, respectivamente. As doses de nitrogênio, na forma de uréia, foram de 0, 150 e 300 kg ha-1, aplicadas em cobertura, dividida em duas aplicações. A semeadura das forrageiras antes da colheita da soja possibilita antecipar o primeiro pastejo, obtendo maior produção de massa de forragem por hectare (azevém e aveia) com melhor qualidade, maior eficiência e recuperação do N, além de reduzir o déficit de forragem no outono. O nitrogênio não influencia a produtividade de forragem da ervilhaca e o teor de fibras das 8 forrageiras. As doses de 150 e 300 kg ha-1 de N apresentaram produtividade e qualidade de forragem semelhante, no entanto a dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N apresenta maior recuperação e eficiência de utilização.The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Pato Branco, with the objective of evaluating the effect of the establishment of cool season forages before and after harvest of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) and nitrogen use production and nutritional value of forage. The seeding of forage species was broadcasted before soybean harvest, when that found in the reproductive phenological stage R5, and after harvest, sowing in rows. The experimental design was completely randomized, split-plot, distributed in a 3x3 factorial arrangement , three cool season forages three nitrogen with three replications. In the main plots were allocated sowing times, subplots and subsubplots, the combination of nitrogen and forage species. The forages used were oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) Cv. IAPAR 61, common ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) to sowing density of 80, 40 and 35 kg ha-1 of viable seeds, respectively. The levels of nitrogen as urea, were 0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1, applied in bands divided into two applications. The sowing of fodder before the soybean harvest is possible to anticipate the first grazing, obtaining higher production of dry matter per hectare (ryegrass and oats) with better quality, greater efficiency and N recovery and reduce the deficit forage in the fall. Nitrogen does not influence forage yield of vetch and fiber content of the forage. Level of 150 and 300 kg ha-1 N in yield and quality of forage similar, but the level of 150 kg N ha-1 shows greater recovery and utilization efficiency.
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Masters, T. A. "Time-resolved fluorescence studies of enhanced green fluorescent protein and the molecular dynamics of 3-Phosphoinositide Dependent Protein Kinase 1." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19031/.
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Fluorescent proteins (FPs), particularly Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), are essential tools in the study of intact biological systems. Whilst the photophysics of its progenitor, GFP, have been investigated extensively, far fewer studies of EGFP have been made. In this thesis, a full characterisation of EGFP excited state photophysics by singleand two-photon time-resolved fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy is presented. Furthermore, the two-photon transition tensor, determined by absorption and initial anisotropies, is shown to be dominated by a single element. The two-photon excited state of EGFP was subject to Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), revealing the stimulated emission cross section, the ground state relaxation time and the time evolution of the higher order distribution moments to which anisotropy is not sensitive. The strong adherence to theoretical Debye diffusion reinforced the conclusions of the two-photon structure model, and showed EGFP to be an excellent molecule for the future development of STED. In addition, these studies provided a sound basis on which to employ single- and two-photon FRET in vivo and in vitro. Cell behaviour is governed by the transduction of molecular signals from the extracellular environment to intracellular compartments. At the centre of the PI 3-kinase signalling pathway is PDK1, a Serine/Threonine kinase, which phosphorylates numerous important downstream targets including Protein Kinase B (PKB). To date however, the regulatory mechanisms governing the behaviour of this protein remain poorly understood. Timeresolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was employed with FP tagged PDK1 to investigate dynamic interactions in intact cells in situ and in vivo. PDK1 was shown to dimerise in a manner dependent on PI 3-kinase activity and PDK1 PH domain lipid binding. To detail the structure of the observed intermolecular interaction, recombinant FP labelled PDK1 was produced with insect cells. Measurement of the rise in acceptor fluorescence during FRET in vitro indicated the PDK1 dimer pair exists in an antiparallel arrangement. These results provide the first insight on the structure of the dimer and demonstrate that the generation of 3-phosphorylated lipids is required for its formation.
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Orveland, Frida. "The green wedges of Stockholm - past, present and future : Development over time, changes in distribution and inclusion in urban planning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169081.
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With an increasing urban population, urban areas around the world face great challenges in sustaining its inhabitants without losing its natural values. Fragmentation of the urban green areas is inevitable, causing the biodiversity to decline and the ecosystem services to weaken. In Stockholm, ten large green areas stretch from the inner parts of the city outwards to the more rural parts of the county -these are called the green wedges of Stockholm. The green wedges bring nature closer to the urban dwellers and strengthen the urban ecosystems, which provides the citizens with vital ecosystem services. The population of Stockholm is growing rapidly and is expected to increase with almost 50% by 2050, putting a massive pressure on the development of new dwellings. Suitable and vacant areas for exploitation are rare and so the green areas around and within the city are often encroached or destroyed. The green wedge area is decreasing due to exploitation and there is no real means of protection for a majority of the wedges. The comprehensive plans [översiktsplaner] and regional plans [regional planer] are not legally binding, hence the continuous infringing of the green wedge area. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the green wedges of Stockholm, its past, present and future challenges as well as possible solutions. By using methods such as GIS analysis, a decrease of green wedge area in the new regional development plan RUFS 2050 compared to the old regional development plan RUFS 2010 was found. The green wedges are diminishing and only a small part, 24 %, is protected. New ways of protecting the green wedge area could be relevant to enable a suitable inclusion within urban planning. A sustainable urban region with a healthy and sound population is dependent on green areas close to residential areas. When encroaching parts of the green wedges it will have an impact on the green infrastructure within the whole of Stockholm County, which, inevitably, will affect the urban ecosystems that provide essential ecosystem services to the city dwellers. There is a need for a clear political vision, proper legally binding guidelines as well as improved and extensive inter-municipal collaborations to make the future of the green wedges prosperous.
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Sugano, Laura Sugano. "Comparing bioretention cell and green roof performance in Parma, OH." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524338535227738.
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Fransson, Jonas. "Non-Orthogonality and Electron Correlations in Nanotransport : Spin- and Time-Dependent Currents." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2687.
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The concept of the transfer Hamiltonian formalism has been reconsidered and generalized to include the non-orthogonality between the electron states in an interacting region, e.g. quantum dot (QD), and the states in the conduction bands in the attached contacts. The electron correlations in the QD are described by means of a diagram technique for Hubbard operator Green functions for non-equilibrium states.
It is shown that the non-orthogonality between the electrons states in the contacts and the QD is reflected in the anti-commutation relations for the field operators of the subsystems. The derived forumla for the current contains corrections from the overlap of the same order as the widely used conventional tunneling coefficients.
It is also shown that kinematic interactions between the QD states and the electrons in the contacts, renormalizes the QD energies in a spin-dependent fashion. The structure of the renormalization provides an opportunity to include a spin splitting of the QD levels by polarizing the conduction bands in the contacts and/or imposing different hybridizations between the states in the contacts and the QD for the two spin channels. This leads to a substantial amplification of the spin polarization in the current, suggesting applications in magnetic sensors and spin-filters.
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Sun, Yan, Martin Hrusovsky, Chen Zhang, and Maoxiang Lang. "A Time-Dependent Fuzzy Programming Approach for the Green Multimodal Routing Problem with Rail Service Capacity Uncertainty and Road Traffic Congestion." Hindawi Limited, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8645793.
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This study explores an operational-level container routing problem in the road-rail multimodal service network. In response to
the demand for an environmentally friendly transportation, we extend the problem into a green version by using both
emission charging method and bi-objective optimization to optimize the CO2 emissions in the routing. Two uncertain
factors, including capacity uncertainty of rail services and travel time uncertainty of road services, are formulated in order
to improve the reliability of the routes. By using the triangular fuzzy numbers and time-dependent travel time to separately
model the capacity uncertainty and travel time uncertainty, we establish a fuzzy chance-constrained mixed integer nonlinear
programming model. A linearization-based exact solution strategy is designed, so that the problem can be effectively solved
by any exact solution algorithm on any mathematical programming software. An empirical case is presented to demonstrate
the feasibility of the proposed methods. In the case discussion, sensitivity analysis and bi-objective optimization analysis are
used to find that the bi-objective optimization method is more effective than the emission charging method in lowering the
CO2 emissions for the given case. Then, we combine sensitivity analysis and fuzzy simulation to identify the best
confidence value in the fuzzy chance constraint. All the discussion will help decision makers to better organize the green
multimodal transportation.
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藤井, 健一朗. "ダイズの青立ち発生の遺伝変異に及ぼす発育特性の効果." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199541.
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Fabian, Joshua Javier. "Improving high-frequency transit reliability : a case study of the MBTA Green Line through simulation and field experiments of real-time control strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111426.
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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 175-179).
Service reliability is a major concern for public transportation agencies. Transit services experience natural variability in scheduled service, due to factors such as traffic congestion, irregular demand, multi-route and branching corridors, and operator behavior. This variability leads to irregular headways, resulting in longer passenger waits and decreased effective capacity as gaps in service form. Real-time control strategies allow controllers to intervene at terminals and en route to regulate headways and improve performance. This research tests the effectiveness of holding control strategies on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Green Line in Boston, a complex, four-branch light rail line. A simulation model is developed to estimate and compare the benefits of different schedule-based and headway-based holding strategies. Dispatching trains at terminals to target headways is found to minimize wait time, and the addition of en route holding improves service further, albeit slightly. The simulation results inform the design of a field experiment, in which headway-based dispatching is implemented at a Green Line branch terminal. Terminal personnel are provided with tablet computers showing departure times optimized by an even-headway policy. When optimized departure times are adhered to, peak-hour headway variability is reduced by 40%. The average wait is shortened by 15% (30 seconds), and the 90th percentile wait is shortened by 21% (90 seconds). Compliance with the recommended departure times in the experiment was hampered by various human factors and station features. During the experiment, only 49% of trips left within 45 seconds of the departure times recommended by the algorithm. These results show that adopting headway-based dispatching at terminals promises significant benefits to service and passengers if operational changes are accompanied by improved supervision practices. This research fully supports the idea that transit agencies, such as the MBTA, should allocate supervisory resources for high-frequency services to prioritize terminal headway control versus en route and schedule-based strategies.
by Joshua Javier Fabian.
S.M. in Transportation
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Hughes, Fiona H. "Green with envy: How envy evoked through self-disclosure on Facebook influences life satisfaction, self-esteem, time spent on Facebook and coping strategies." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460020283.
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Poulsen, Andrew Joseph. "Real-time Adaptive Cancellation of Satellite Interference in Radio Astronomy." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd238.pdf.
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Weeks, Jason A. "Understanding the issues of project cost and time in sustainable construction from a general contractor's perspective: case study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33914.
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The green building market has seen tremendous growth in the past decade. Organizations such as the US Green Building Council have emerged to become a dominant leader in the building industry. Although the green building rating systems are cross-disciplinary, much of the focus has been directed towards design-related input.
General Contractors play an important role in delivering successful sustainable construction projects. If an integrated project delivery method is chosen, the General Contractor may offer insightful preconstruction assistance by providing ideas on green construction methods and materials. As sustainable building practices become more prominent in the construction industry, General Contractors must remain knowledgeable on current green building standards in order to stay competitive.
Two of the most important aspects of business for a General Contractor involve time and money. Through qualitative literature review and quantitative results from a case study, this research analyzes time and cost in sustainable construction projects from a General Contractor's perspective. The research also examines whether the management of a sustainable construction project is substantially different than a non-sustainable construction project for a General Contractor. Finally, because the green building process involves multiple parties, the collaboration effort from all parties involved in a green building project will be studied.
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Funke, Arik. "On the Feasibility of Photoacoustic Guidance of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00631403.
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Barnes, Martha Letcher. "The relationship of time of year, geographic location, insecticide exposure and the genotype of red and green morphs of the tobacco aphid, myzus nicotianae Blackman, in Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-063011/.
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Silva, Jonathan Esteban Arroyo. "Uma técnica explícita de marcha no tempo para ondas elásticas baseada em funções de Green calculadas localmente pelo MEF." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3500.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Este trabalho apresenta um novo esquema de marcha no tempo capaz de reduzir oscilações espúrias através de amortecimento numérico para problemas de propagação de ondas elásticas no âmbito da Aproximação Explícita de Green (\Explicit Green's Approach" (ExGA)) [1]. A expressão integral referente ao ExGA é escrita em termos das funções de Green e Degrau. Seus cálculos são realizados de forma independente por meio da formulação semi-discreta do MEF e o método Diferença Central. Devido ao princípio da causalidade, as funções de Green e Degrau possuem um suporte compacto ao redor dos pontos fonte para um intervalo de tempo suficientemente pequeno que é usualmente Empregado nos métodos explícitos clássicos de integração temporal aplicados à modelagem de propagação de ondas. Neste sentido, as funções de Green e Degrau em t = Δt podem ser eficientemente calculadas localmente através de subdomínios pequenos. Cada subdomínio local com sua respectiva submalha cobre somente pontos nodais onde os valores das funções de Green e Degrau são não nulos. A precisão e eficiência da metodologia proposta é demostrada ao analisar três exemplos numéricos.
This work presents a new time-marching scheme able to reduce spurious oscillations by means of numerical damping for elastic wave propagation problems in the framework of the Explicit Green's Approach (ExGA) [1]. The integral expression concerned with the ExGA is written in terms of the Green's and the Step response functions. Their computations are carried out independently by means of the semidiscrete FEM and the Central difference method. Due to the principle of causality, the Green's and Step response functions admit a compact support surround the source points for a small enough time step that is usually employed in common explicit time integration methods applied to wave propagation modeling. In this sense, the Green's and Step response functions at t = Δt can be e ciently computed locally through small subdomains. Each local subdomain with its respective submesh covers only nodes whose Green's and Step response function values do not vanish. The accuracy and e ciency of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by analyzing three numerical examples.
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Runesson, Liselotte. "CORRELATION BETWEEN ENDOMETRIAL MARKERS AND PREGNANCYOUTCOME IN WOMEN WITH UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126380.
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ABSTRACT
A defect implantation process is the major reason for unexplained infertility. Estrogen andprogesterone are steroid hormones preparing the endometrium for implantation. They mediatetheir effect through their receptors: estrogen receptor alpha and beta and progesteronereceptor A and B, respectively. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is also important forimplantation, mediates its effect through LIF receptor and the coreceptor, gp130, and is downregulated by suppressors of cytokine signaling 1. The aim of the study was to compare thelevels of the steroid hormone receptors and LIF related factors in the endometrium of twogroups of women with the diagnosis unexplained infertility: one that became pregnant afterassisted reproduction and one that did not become pregnant. Before treatment of thesewomen, endometrial mRNA was collected during the window of implantation in themenstrual cycle. The levels of specific mRNAs were measured with real-time PCR. Womenwho had become pregnant had a significantly higher level of steroid hormone receptors. Thus,these proteins seem to be important for a pregnancy and may be suitable as receptivitymarkers.
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Peres, Martin. "A holistic approach to green networking in wireless networks : collaboration among autonomic systems as a mean towards efficient resource-sharing." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0433/document.
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Les vingt dernières années ont vu l’émergence de systèmes sans fil dans la vie de tous les jours. Ils ont rendu possible la création de technologies telles que les téléphones portables, le WiFi ou l’internet mobile qui sont maintenant tenus pour acquis dans la société actuelle. L’impact environnemental des technologies de l’information et des communications connaît une croissance exponentielle et a atteint l’impact de l’industrie du transport aérien. L’initiative d’informatique verte a été lancée en réponse à cette observation pour réduire de 15 à 30% les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en 2020 comparé aux prédictions faites en 2002 afin de garder le réchauffement climatique inférieur à 2°C. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié des techniques d’économie d’énergie dans les réseaux sans fil et comment elles interagissent entre elles afin de donner une vue holistique des réseaux verts. Nous prenons également en compte l’usage du spectre radio fréquence qui est le moyen le plus utilisé pour les communications entre systèmes sans fil et qui devient une ressource rare à cause du besoin grandissant de notre société pour de la bande passante en mobilité. Cette thèse suit les couches réseaux avant de remonter les piles matérielleset logicielles. Des contributions ont été apportées à la plupart des couches afin de proposer un réseau sans fil autonome où les noeuds peuvent collaborer pour améliorer les performances du réseau, réduire de façon globale l’utilisation du spectre radio tout en limitant la consommation énergétique du réseauThe last twenty years saw the emergence of wireless systems in everyday’s life. They made possible technologies such as mobile phones, WiFi or mobile Internet which are now taken for granted in today’s society. The environmental impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been raising exponentially to equate the impact of the airline industry. The green computing initiative has been created in response to this observation in order to meet the 15%-30% reduction in green-house gases by 2020 compared to estimations made in 2002 to keep the global temperature increasebelow 2°C. In this thesis, we studied power-saving techniques in wireless networks and how they interact with each others to provide a holistic view of green networking. We also take into account the radio frequency resource which is the most commonly usedcommunication medium for wireless systems and is becoming a scarce resource due to our society’s ever-increasing need for mobile bandwidth. This thesis goes down the network stacks before going up the hardware and software stack. Contributions have been madeat most layers in order to propose an autonomic wireless network where nodes can work collaboratively to improve the network’s performance, globally reduce the radio frequency spectrum usage while also increasing their battery life
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Le, Trung. "Towards Sustainable Cloud Computing: Reducing Electricity Cost and Carbon Footprint for Cloud Data Centers through Geographical and Temporal Shifting of Workloads." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23082.
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Cloud Computing presents a novel way for businesses to procure their IT needs. Its elasticity and on-demand provisioning enables a shift from capital expenditures to operating expenses, giving businesses the technological agility they need to respond to an ever-changing marketplace. The rapid adoption of Cloud Computing, however, poses a unique challenge to Cloud providers—their already very large electricity bill and carbon footprint will get larger as they expand; managing both costs is therefore essential to their growth.
This thesis squarely addresses the above challenge. Recognizing the presence of Cloud data centers in multiple locations and the differences in electricity price and emission intensity among these locations and over time, we develop an optimization framework that couples workload distribution with time-varying signals on electricity price and emission intensity for financial and environmental benefits. The framework is comprised of an optimization model, an aggregate cost function, and 6 scheduling heuristics.
To evaluate cost savings, we run simulations with 5 data centers located across North America over a period of 81 days. We use historical data on electricity price, emission intensity, and workload collected from market operators and research data archives. We find that our framework can produce substantial cost savings, especially when workloads are distributed both geographically and temporally—up to 53.35% on electricity cost, or 29.13% on carbon cost, or 51.44% on electricity cost and 13.14% on carbon cost simultaneously.
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Tavella, Leonardo Barreto. "Manejo das plantas daninhas no milho irrigado por meio da integração capinas e consorciação com gliricídia." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2014. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/160.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-04Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the combination between weeds and intercropping with gliricídia (thirty viable seeds m-2 broadcast) on the weed and corn yields. Completely randomized blocks design with four repetitions in subdivided parts was used. Hybrids (AG 1051 e BR 205) were cultivated in the parcels, and in the subportions the following treatments were applied: two weeds (twenty and forty days after corn sowing); a weed accomplishing 20 days after corn sowing + gliricídia sowing after weed; gliricídia sowing on the occasion of the corn sowing + weed accomplishing forty days after corn sowing; gliricídia sowing on the occasion of corn sowing; without weed. There was among hybrids with respect to baby corn, green spike and grains. The greatest yields were obtained through the treatment with two weeds, but the execution of a weed 20 days after corn sowing + gliricídia sowing after weed did not differ with respect to the yield of these three products according the weeds. Gliricídia sowing on the occasion of the sowing corn + weed after did not differ from the weeds with respect to the green spikes yield. Gliricídia sowing on the occasion of the corn sowing allowed averages superior to the treatment without weed and in some growth character and corn yield. Therefore, gliricídia controlled weed partially and its combination with weed has benefits
O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da combinação de capinas e consorciação com a gliricídia (30 sementes viáveis m-2 semeadas a lanço) no controle de plantas daninhas e nos rendimentos do milho. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições em parcelas subdivididas. Os híbridos (AG 1051 e BR 205) foram cultivados nas parcelas, e nas subparcelas foram aplicados os tratamentos: duas capinas (20 e 40 dias após a semeadura do milho, DASM); realização de uma capina aos 20 DASM + semeadura da gliricídia após a capina; semeadura da gliricídia por ocasião da semeadura do milho + realização de capina aos 40 DASM; semeadura da gliricídia por ocasião da semeadura do milho; sem capinas.Não houve diferenças entre híbridos quanto aos rendimentos de minimilho, espigas verdes e grãos.Os maiores rendimentos foram obtidos com o tratamento de duas capinas, mas a realização de uma capina aos 20 DASM + semeadura da gliricídia após a capina, não diferiu das duas capinas quanto aos rendimentos desses três produtos. A semeadura da gliricídia por ocasião da semeadura do milho + realização de capina aos 40 DASM não diferiu das duas capinas quanto ao rendimento de espigas verdes. A semeadura da gliricídia por ocasião da semeadura do milho propiciou médias superiores ao tratamento sem capina em algumas características do crescimento e dos rendimentos do milho. Portanto, a gliricídia controla parcialmente as plantas daninhas e a combinação dela com capinas apresenta vantagens
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Weber, Denis [Verfasser]. "Measuring and predicting the effects of time-variable exposure of pesticides on populations of green algae : combination of flow-through studies and ecological modelling as an innovative tool for refined risk assessments / Denis Weber." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103111565X/34.
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Arantes, Arielle Elias. "Caracterização biofísica e potencial à intensificação sustentável da pecuária brasileira em pastagens." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8075.
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Cattle ranching is the main land use activity in Brazil, with about 175 million hectares of cultivated pasture, with at least 50% of these being with some degree of degradation. Degraded pastures present low biomass production of little nutritional value, which leads to low animal weight gain in the rainy season and loss of weight in the dry season. Due to its low productive efficiency, if these areas were identified and recovered, they could be intensified, freeing pasture areas for other uses. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the pasture vigor and the potential livestock intensification for Brazil. In order to obtain the vigor and productivity of Brazilian pastures, a Pasture Strength Index (PVI) was generated by integrating the α (intercept) and β (slope) coefficients, derived from the linear regression of the vegetation index (NDVI) over time (2000 to 2017). Pastures with low PVI values were located throughout the Caatinga biome, in the MATOPIBA region of the Cerrado biome, in the eastern portion of Mato Grosso do Sul, southeastern of Mato Grosso and northwestern of Goiás. These areas are associated to regions of higher water deficit, as shown by the relationship between the PVI and the total annual precipitation (R² = 0.40) and evapotranspiration. For the Cerrado biome, the PVI showed high spatial correspondence with the green biomass and percent green cover. Green biomass and percent green cover were generated from extrapolation of field data to the spatial resolution of MODIS images. The areas with lower PVI values in the Cerrado biome also had lower green biomass (< 6000 kg ha-1 ) and percent green cover (< 47%) during the growing season. Considering the accumulated green biomass in the growing season, it was observed that the Cerrado’s cattle stocking rate could increase from 1.11 AU ha-1 (real cattle stocking rate) to 2.56 AU ha-1 (potential cattle stocking rate). The real cattle stocking rate in 2015 was generated through the integration of the 2006 Livestock Census data with the Livestock Production data for the year 2015. The potential cattle stocking rate was obtained from the relationship between the forage production (green biomass and gross primary productivity - GPP) and the forage demand of one animal unit (1 AU = 450 kg). The potential of intensification was determined from the difference between the actual and the potential cattle stocking rates. For all of Brazil, the cattle stocking rate in 2015 was 0.97 AU ha-1 , reaching a potential of 3.60 AU ha-1 , that is, the potential for intensification was 2.63 AU ha-1 . The greatest potential of intensification occurred in the South region (3.62 AU ha-1 ), and the lowest in the North (2.13 AU ha-1 ) and Northeast (2.22 AU ha-1 ) regions of Brazil.
A pecuária é a principal atividade de uso da terra no Brasil, com cerca de 175 milhões de hectares de pastagens cultivadas, sendo que pelo menos 50% destas estão com algum nível de degradação. Pastagens degradadas apresentam baixa produção de biomassa de pouco valor nutritivo, o que leva a um menor ganho de peso animal na estação chuvosa e a perda de peso na estação seca. Pela sua baixa eficiência produtiva, caso haja a identificação e a recuperação destas áreas, estas poderiam ser intensificadas, liberando áreas para outros usos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o vigor e o potencial de intensificação das pastagens brasileiras. Para obter o vigor das pastagens, gerou-se um Índice de Vigor do Pasto (PVI), por meio da integração dos coeficientes α (intercepto) e β (slope), obtidos da regressão linear do índice de vegetação (NDVI) ao longo do tempo (2000 a 2017). As pastagens com os menores valores de PVI localizaram-se em todo o bioma Caatinga, na região do MATOPIBA no bioma Cerrado, no leste do Mato Grosso do Sul, sudeste do Mato Grosso e noroeste de Goiás. Estas áreas estão associadas a regiões de maior déficit hídrico, como mostrado pela relação do PVI com a precipitação (R² = 0,40) e a evapotranspiração acumuladas durante o ano (R² = 0,30). Para o bioma Cerrado, o PVI apresentou alta correspondência espacial com a biomassa verde e com o percentual de cobertura verde. A biomassa verde e o percentual de cobertura verde foram geradas a partir da extrapolação de dados de campo para a resolução espacial das imagens MODIS. As áreas com menores valores de PVI no bioma Cerrado também tiveram pouca biomassa verde (< 6.000 kg ha-1 ) e porcentagem cobertura verde (< 47%) durante a estação de crescimento. Considerando o acúmulo de biomassa verde na estação de crescimento, percebeu-se que a lotação bovina do Cerrado poderia aumentar de 1,11 UA ha-1 (lotação real) para 2,56 UA ha-1 (lotação potencial). A lotação bovina real em 2015 foi estimada por meio da integração de dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006 com dados da Produção Pecuária Municipal de 2015. Já a lotação potencial, foi obtida a partir da relação entre a produção de forragem (biomassa verde ou produtividade primária bruta – GPP) e a demanda de forragem de uma unidade animal (1 UA = 450 kg). A partir da diferença entre a lotação bovina real e potencial determinou-se o potencial de intensificação. Para todo o Brasil, a lotação bovina em 2015 foi de 0,97 UA ha-1 , podendo chegar a um potencial de 3,60 UA ha-1 , ou seja, o potencial de intensificação foi de 2,63 UA ha-1 . O maior potencial de intensificação se deu na região Sul (3,62 UA ha-1 ) e os menores nas regiões Norte (2,13 UA ha-1 ) e Nordeste (2,22 UA ha-1 ) do Brasil.
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Roberson, Travis Leon. "Improving Soil Moisture Assessment of Turfgrass Systems Utilizing Field Radiometry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87391.
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The need for water conservation continues to increase as global freshwater resources dwindle. In response, many golf course superintendents are implementing new methods and tools to become more frugal with their water applications. For example, scheduling irrigation using time-domain reflectometer (TDR) soil moisture sensors can decrease water usage. Still, TDR measurements are time-consuming and only cover small scales, leading to many locations being unsampled. Remotely sensed data such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) offer the potential of estimating moisture stress across larger scales; however, NDVI measurements are influenced by numerous stressors beyond moisture availability, thus limiting its reliability for irrigation decisions. An alternative vegetation index, the water band index (WBI), is primarily influenced by water absorption within a narrow spectral range of near-infrared light. Previous research has established strong relationships between moisture stress of creeping bentgrass (CBG) grown on sand-based root zones, a typical scenario for golf course putting greens. However, this relationship characterizes only a small portion of total acreage across golf courses, which limits widespread adoption. In our research, �007� CBG and �Latitude 36� hybrid bermudagrass (HBG) were grown on three soil textures, USGA 90:10 sand (S), sand loam (SL) and clay (C), arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design, randomized within six individual dry-down cycles serving as replications. Canopy reflectance and volumetric water content (VWC) data were collected hourly between 0700 and 1900 hr using a hyperspectral radiometer and an embedded soil moisture sensor, until complete turf necrosis. The WBI had the strongest relationship to VWC (r = 0.62) and visual estimations of wilt (r = -0.91) compared to the green-to-red ratio index (GRI) or NDVI. Parameters associated with non-linear regression were analyzed to compare grasses, soils, indices, and their interactions. The WBI and GRI compared favorably with each other and indicated significant moisture stress approximately 28 hr earlier than NDVI (P = 0.0010). WBI and GRI respectively predicted moisture stress 12 to 9 hr before visual estimation of 50% wilt, whereas NDVI provided 2 hr of prediction time (P = 0.0317). When considering the time to significant moisture stress, the HBG lasted 28 hr longer than CBG, while S lasted 42 hr longer than either SL and C (P �� 0.0011). Nonlinear regression analysis showed that WBI and GRI can be useful for predicting moisture stress of CBG and HBG grown on three diverse soils in a highly controlled environment. Our results provide substantial evidence and direction for future research investigating how WBI and GRI can expedite moisture stress assessment and prediction on a large-acreage basis.Master of Science in Life Sciences
Managed turfgrasses provide several benefits including filtering pollutants, cooling their surroundings, generating oxygen, preventing erosion, serving as recreational surfaces, and increasing landscape aesthetics. Intensively managed turfgrass systems, such as on golf courses and sports fields, require more inputs to maintain acceptable conditions. Freshwater use is often excessive on intensively managed turfgrasses to maintain proper plant growth. Drought conditions often limit water availability, especially in regions with limited rainfall. Turf managers tend to over-apply water across large acreage when few localized areas begin to show symptoms of drought. Additionally, turf managers sometimes wrongly identify stressed areas from other factors as ones being moisture-deprived. Advancements such as the use of soil moisture meters have simplified irrigation decisions as an aid to visual inspections for drought stress. While this method enhances detection accuracy, it still provides no solution to increase efficiency. Expanding our current knowledge of turfgrass canopy light reflectance for rapid moisture stress identification can potentially save both time and water resources. The objective of this research was to enhance our ability to identify and predict moisture stress of creeping bentgrass (CBG) and hybrid bermudagrass (HBG) canopies integrated into varying soil textures (USGA 90:10 sand (S), sand loam (SL) and Clay (C)) using light reflectance measurements. Dry-down cycles were conducted under greenhouses conditions collecting soil moisture and light reflectance data every hour from 7 am to 7 pm after saturating and withholding water from established plugs. Moisture stress was most accurately estimated over time using two vegetation indices, the water band index (WBI) and green-to-red ratio index (GRI), with approximately ninety percent accuracy to visible wilt stress. The WBI and GRI predicted moisture stress of CBG in all soil types and HBG in SL and C approximately 14 hours before the grasses reached 50% wilt. While light reflectance varies on exposed soils, our research shows that underlying soils do not interfere with measurements across typical turfgrass stands. This research provides a foundation for future research implementing rapid, aerial measurements of moisture stressed turfgrasses on a broad application of CBG and HBG on constructed or native soils.
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Pradier, Aline. "Evaluation des champs électromagnétiques induits dans les tissus biologiques pour les nouveaux usages et les nouvelles technologies sans fil." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066545.
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Ce manuscrit présente une analyse des champs électromagnétiques induits dans les tissus biologiques par les nouveaux usages en télécommunication ainsi que les nouvelles technologies du type UWB. Pour les nouveaux usages, les terminaux se trouvent de plus en plus proches du buste. Ce positionnement doit être pris en compte par les normes. La composition du buste est différente d'une personne à l'autre. Pour cela une étude sur l'influence de la puissance absorbée en fonction de la composition de la personne est menée. Cette étude servira à déterminer un facteur correctif pour valider l'utilisation du liquide équivalent de la tête pour l'étude de la conformité des terminaux près du buste. De plus une nouvelle approche basée sur de l'homogénéisation de tissus et destinée à réduire le volume et le temps de calculs dans les problèmes de dosimétrie numérique sera présentée pour la méthode de la FDTD. Avec les nouvelles technologies comme l'UWB pour des applications dites BAN, les études sont plus en relation avec l'influence du corps sur la propagation du signal. D'un point de vue numérique, il a été nécessaire de trouver des méthodes numériques comme la FDTD pour des signaux UWB. Des mesures dans le cas d'un réseau BAN ont été réalisées.
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Gonzalez-Ramirez, Noemi. "Simulating Flood Propagation in Urban Areas using a Two-Dimensional Numerical Model." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/648.
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A two-dimensional numerical model (RiverFLO-2D) has been enhanced to simulate flooding of urban areas by developing an innovative wet and dry surface algorithm, accounting for variable rainfall, and recoding the model computer program for parallel computing. The model formulation is based on the shallow water equations solved with an explicit time-stepping element-by-element finite element method. The dry-wet surface algorithm is based on a local approximation of the continuity and momentum equations for elements that are completely dry. This algorithm achieves global volume conservation in the finite element, even for flows over complex topographic surfaces. A new module was implemented to account for variable rainfall in space and time using NEXRAD precipitation estimates. The resulting computer code was parallelized using OpenMP Application Program Interface, which allows the model to run up to 5 times faster on multiple core computers. The model was verified with analytical solutions and validated with laboratory and field data. Model application to the Malpasset dam break and Sumacarcel flooding event show that the model accurately predicts flood wave travel times and water depths for these numerically demanding real cases. To illustrate the predictive capability of the enhanced model, an application was made of the city of Sweetwater flooding in Miami-Dade County, FL caused by the Hurricane Irene. The simulation starts with dry bed and rainfall is provided by NEXRAD estimates. Integrating NEXRAD rainfall estimates, developing a novel dry-wet area algorithm and parallelizing RiverFLO-2D code, this dissertation presents a proof of concept to accurately and efficiently predict floods in urban areas, identifying future improvements along this line of research.