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Journal articles on the topic 'GREEN SYNTHESIS METHOD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Embarek, Nadia, and Nabahat Sahli. "A Novel Green Synthesis Method of Poly (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) Catalyzed by Treated Bentonite." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.6568.290-303.

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The present work focuses on the preparation and characterization of poly(3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) (PGPTMS) under mild conditions. Ring-opening polymerization of the 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is initiated with the bentonite of Maghnite-H+ (Mag-H+), an ecologic and low-cost catalyst. The evolution of epoxy ring-opening was studied in bulk and in solution using CH2Cl2 as solvent, as well as the influences of several factors such as the amount of Mag-H+, polymerization time and temperature on the yield of polymer were investigated. The best polymer yield (30 %) was obtained in bulk polymerization at room temperature (20 °C) for a reaction time 8 h, and it’s increases with time and reaches 68 % for 7 days. The structures of the obtained polymers (PGPTMS) were confirmed respectively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermal properties of the prepared polymers were given by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the Tg of PGPTMS is recorded at -31.27 °C, and it is thermally stable with a degradation start temperature greater than 300 °C, all decomposition stopped at 600 °C. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Huston, Matthew, Melissa DeBella, Maria DiBella, and Anisha Gupta. "Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082130.

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Nanotechnology is considered one of the paramount forefronts in science over the last decade. Its versatile implementations and fast-growing demand have paved the way for innovative measures for the synthesis of higher quality nanomaterials. In the early stages, traditional synthesis methods were utilized, and they relied on both carcinogenic chemicals and high energy input for production of nano-sized material. The pollution produced as a result of traditional synthesis methods induces a need for environmentally safer synthesis methods. As the downfalls of climate change become more abundant, the scientific community is persistently seeking solutions to combat the devastation caused by toxic production methods. Green methods for nanomaterial synthesis apply natural biological systems to nanomaterial production. The present review highlights the history of nanoparticle synthesis, starting with traditional methods and progressing towards green methods. Green synthesis is a method just as effective, if not more so, than traditional synthesis; it provides a sustainable approach to nanomaterial manufacturing by using naturally sourced starting materials and relying on low energy processes. The recent use of active molecules in natural biological systems such as bacteria, yeast, algae and fungi report successful results in the synthesis of various nanoparticle systems. Thus, the integration of green synthesis in scientific research and mass production provides a potential solution to the limitations of traditional synthesis methods.

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Bekele, Bulcha, Anatol Degefa, Fikadu Tesgera, Leta Tesfaye Jule, R. Shanmugam, L. Priyanka Dwarampudi, N. Nagaprasad, and Krishnaraj Ramasamy. "Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9210817.

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Comparison of green and chemical precipitation method syntheses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Avocado, mango, and papaya fruit extracts were carried out for the green synthesising methods, while the chemical precipitation method was chosen from chemical synthesis methods. Zinc nitrate was used as a salt precursor, whereas leaf extract was served as a reducing agent for green synthesising methods. In addition, sodium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and potassium hydroxide were used as reducing agents in the case of chemical precipitation synthesis methods. ZnO NPs were characterised by characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activities of prepared nanoparticles were evaluated on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The particle sizes of the prepared samples which were evaluated by the Scherrer equation were in the range of 11-21 nm for green synthesis, while 30-40 nm for chemical precipitation synthesis methods. Small agglomerations were observed from SEM results of prepared ZnO NPs from both methods. Prepared ZnO NPs were showed strong antimicrobial properties. From the result, the inhibition zone was in the range of 15-24 mm for the green route and 7–15 mm for chemical precipitation methods, where the standard drugs have 25 mm of the zone of inhibition. A green synthesised method of preparing ZnO NPs gives promising antimicrobial properties compared to chemical synthesis and is also eco-friendly and safe compared to the chemical synthesis.

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Reyes, Luis, Jesús Valdez, José Luis Cavazos, and Idalia Gómez. "Synthesis of TiNi by a green method." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 6, no. 4 (December 2017): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.16.00035.

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Latif, Duha M. A. "Synthesis and Study NiO Charactrization of Extract from Green Tea Plant Prepared by Chemical Method." Neuroquantology 18, no. 5 (May 30, 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2020.18.5.nq20172.

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6

Baláž, Matej, Zdenka Bedlovičová, Nina Daneu, Patrik Siksa, Libor Sokoli, Ľudmila Tkáčiková, Aneta Salayová, et al. "Mechanochemistry as an Alternative Method of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity: A Comparative Study." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051139.

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This study shows mechanochemical synthesis as an alternative method to the traditional green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a comparative manner by comparing the products obtained using both methodologies and different characterization methods. As a silver precursor, the most commonly used silver nitrate was applied and the easily accessible lavender (Lavandula angustofolia L.) plant was used as a reducing agent. Both syntheses were performed using 7 different lavender:AgNO3 mass ratios. The synthesis time was limited to 8 and 15 min in the case of green and mechanochemical synthesis, respectively, although a significant amount of unreacted silver nitrate was detected in both crude reaction mixtures at low lavender:AgNO3 ratios. This finding is of particular interest mainly for green synthesis, as the potential presence of silver nitrate in the produced nanosuspension is often overlooked. Unreacted AgNO3 has been removed from the mechanochemically synthesized samples by washing. The nanocrystalline character of the products has been confirmed by both X-ray diffraction (Rietveld refinement) and transmission electron microscopy. The latter has shown bimodal size distribution with larger particles in tens of nanometers and the smaller ones below 10 nm in size. In the case of green synthesis, the used lavender:AgNO3 ratio was found to have a decisive role on the crystallite size. Silver chloride has been detected as a side-product, mainly at high lavender:AgNO3 ratios. Both products have shown a strong antibacterial activity, being higher in the case of green synthesis, but this can be ascribed to the presence of unreacted AgNO3. Thus, one-step mechanochemical synthesis (without the need to prepare extract and performing the synthesis as separate steps) can be applied as a sustainable alternative to the traditional green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using plants.

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Brătulescu, George. "Green and conventional synthesis of sulfanilic acid." Annals of the University of Craiova Series Chemistry 28, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucchem.2022.1.02.

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Synthesis of sulfanilic acid was achieved by conventional and green protocols. The starting reagents were the same in both methods. The activation technique of the reaction was different. Conventional synthesis was thermally activated and green synthesis was activated by microwaves. Energophage, chronophage and polluting features constitute important disadvantages of conventional method. The green method performs much better than the conventional procedure: short time, few hazardous wastes and easy experimental setup. The zwitterionic structure of the sulfanilic acid was demonstrated by spectroscopy.

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Fernández-Sánchez, Lilia, and Mirella Gutiérrez-Arzaluz. "Synthesis of copper hydroxyphosphate under the principles of green chemistry." Applied Chemical Engineering 5, no. 2 (July 8, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ace.v5i2.1637.

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This work aims to present two syntheses according to the green chemistry principles of Cu2(OH)PO4. The first one is a mechanochemical synthesis which was carried out with Cu3(PO4)2 and NaOH at room temperature and without solvent (principles five and six), the second one employed an aqueous suspension of copper phosphate (principle six). The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Using an analysis and evaluation scale based on green principles, the synthesis method reported in this study was compared with the traditional hydrothermal synthesis method, which was found to be a polluting process, while the synthesis method reported in this study was a clean process. It was concluded that clean processes lead to time savings, low energy costs and environmental care.

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Sandeep, Sharma, Saxena Santosh Kumar, and Meena Krisn Pratap. "Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii leaves." 2 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 08–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jame/2/2/2.

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Nanotechnology becomes the most interesting area for researchers from last two decades. There are several methods to synthesis nanoparticles but the use of green method for synthesis reduces or eliminates the generation of hazardous byproducts. Green synthesis method is environment friendly alternative to conventional synthesis techniques. Green chemistry is about reducing risk, energy, environmental impact, hazard, cost, materials and waste. The green method or biological method involves the use of microorganisms, plants etc. for synthesis of nanoparticles. In our present research work we use Murraya koenigii leaves powder extract as reducing and capping agent. Plant sources containing the phytoconstituents viz., Tannins, Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Citric acid etc. Metallic and metal oxides nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes, contents and physicochemical properties can be synthesized using green synthesis method. The synthesized Iron oxide Nanoparticles were characterized be different analytical techniques. The surface morphology revealed by SEM, elemental composition by EDX, Different functional groups revealed by FTIR spectroscopy and particle size measured by particle size analyzer.

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Bhosale, Rohit Rajendra, A. S. Kulkarni, S. S. Gilda, N. H. Aloorkar, R. A. Osmani, and B. R. Harkare. "Innovative Eco-friendly Approaches for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 2328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2014.7.1.3.

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Nanotechnology is an escalating field that has made its contribution to all spheres of human life. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has paved for better methodologies and approaches in the medicinal field. Nowadays silver, gold and other metallic nanoparticles are used as an efficient carrier for drug molecules for developing novel drug delivery systems. In course of synthesizing these nanoparticles various chemicals, solvents and reagents are used which harms our eco system directly or indirectly. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been widely used as a novel therapeutic agent extending its use as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared by green synthesis have many advantages over conventional methods involving chemical agents associated with environmental toxicity. Green synthetic methods include polysaccharide method, irradiation method, biological method, polyoxometallates method and tollens method. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is found to be an emerging branch of nanotechnology. The use of environmentally benign materials like plant leaf extract for the synthesis of nanoparticles offers numerous benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as they do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocols. Rapid and green synthetic methods using various plant extracts have shown a great potential in silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesis. This review article describes the bio-inspired synthesis of nanoparticles that provides advancement over chemical and physical methods as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and more effective in a variety of applications.

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Narayanan, M. Vishnu, and S. G. Rakesh. "Synthesis of colloidal alumina nanoparticles using green method." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (September 20, 2018): 012150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/402/1/012150.

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Sun, Lei, Aixin Liu, Xiaojun Tao, and Yanbao Zhao. "A green method for synthesis of silver nanodendrites." Journal of Materials Science 46, no. 3 (August 20, 2010): 839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4826-4.

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13

Bahri, Mitra, Hossein Kazemian, Sohrab Rohani, and Fariborz Haghighat. "Mechanochemical Synthesis of CPM-5: A Green Method." Chemical Engineering & Technology 40, no. 1 (December 6, 2016): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600046.

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14

Sahoo, Tejaswini, Jagannath Panda, Jnanaranjan Sahu, Dayananda Sarangi, Sunil K. Sahoo, Braja B. Nanda, and Rojalin Sahu. "Green Solvent: Green Shadow on Chemical Synthesis." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 6 (September 25, 2020): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200506102535.

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The natural beauty and purity of our planet has been contaminated deeply due to human selfish activities such as pollution, improper waste management, and various industrial and commercial discharges of untreated toxic by-products into the lap of nature. The collective impact of these hazardous suspensions into the natural habitat is very deadly. Challenges due to human activity on the environment have become ubiquitous. The chemical industry has a major role in human evolution and, predictably, opened gates of increased risk of pollution if the production is not done sustainably. In these circumstances, the notion of Green Chemistry has been identified as the efficient medium of synthesis of chemicals and procedures to eradicate the toxic production of harmful substances. Principles of Green Chemistry guide the scientist in their hunt towards chemical synthesis which requires the use of solvents. These solvents contaminate our air, water, land and surrounding due to its toxic properties. Even though sufficient precautions are taken for proper disposal of these solvents but it is difficult to be recycled. In order to preserve our future and coming generation from the adverse impacts associated with solvents it is very important to find alternative of this which will be easy to use, reusable and also eco-friendly. Solvents are used daily in various industrial processes as reaction medium, as diluters, and in separation procedures. As reaction medium, the role of solvent is to bring catalysts and reactants together and to release heat thus affecting activity and selectivity. The proper selection of the solvent considering its biological, physical and chemical properties is very necessary for product separation, environmental, safety handling and economic factors. Green solvents are the boon in this context. They are not only environmentally benign but also cost effective. The biggest challenge faced by the chemists is adaptation of methods and selection of solvents during chemical synthesis which will give negligible waste product and will remain human and nature friendly. During designing compounds for a particular reaction it is difficult to give assurance regarding the toxicity and biodegradability of the method. Chemists are still far away from predicting the various chemical and biological effects of the compounds on the back of the envelope. To achieve that point is formidable task but it will definitely act as inspiration for the coming generation of chemists. The green solvents are undoubtedly a far better approach to eliminate the negative impacts and aftermath of any chemical synthesis on the environment. Our study in this review covers an overview of green solvents, their role in safer chemical synthesis with reference to some of the important green solvents and their detail summarization.

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Gabano, Elisabetta, and Mauro Ravera. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: Can Transition Metal Complexes Take Advantage of This “Green” Method?" Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134249.

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Microwave-assisted synthesis is considered environmental-friendly and, therefore, in agreement with the principles of green chemistry. This form of energy has been employed extensively and successfully in organic synthesis also in the case of metal-catalyzed synthetic procedures. However, it has been less widely exploited in the synthesis of metal complexes. As microwave irradiation has been proving its utility as both a time-saving procedure and an alternative way to carry on tricky transformations, its use can help inorganic chemists, too. This review focuses on the use of microwave irradiation in the preparation of transition metal complexes and organometallic compounds and also includes new, unpublished results. The syntheses of the compounds are described following the group of the periodic table to which the contained metal belongs. A general overview of the results from over 150 papers points out that microwaves can be a useful synthetic tool for inorganic chemists, reducing dramatically the reaction times with respect to traditional heating. This is often accompanied by a more limited risk of decomposition of reagents or products by an increase in yield, purity, and (sometimes) selectivity. In any case, thermal control is operative, whereas nonthermal or specific microwave effects seem to be absent.

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Andraos, John. "Aiming for a standardized protocol for preparing a process green synthesis report and for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2019-0048.

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Abstract This paper proposes a standardized format for the preparation of process green synthesis reports that can be applied to chemical syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Such a report is comprised of the following eight sections: a synthesis scheme, a synthesis tree, radial pentagons and step E-factor breakdowns for each reaction step, a tabular summary of key material efficiency step and overall metrics for a synthesis plan, a mass process block diagram, an energy consumption audit based on heating and cooling reaction and auxiliary solvents, a summary of environmental and safety-hazard impacts based on organic solvent consumption using the Rowan solvent greenness index, and a cycle time process schedule. Illustrative examples of process green synthesis reports are given for the following pharmaceuticals: 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors antagonist (Astellas Pharma), brivanib (Bristol-Myers Squibb), and orexin receptor agonist (Merck). Methods of ranking synthesis plans to a common target product are also discussed using 6 industrial synthesis plans of apixaban (Bristol-Myers Squibb) as a working example. The Borda count method is suggested as a facile and reliable computational method for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product using the following 4 attributes obtained from a process green synthesis report: process mass intensity, mass of sacrificial reagents used per kg of product, input enthalpic energy for solvents, and Rowan solvent greenness index for organic solvents.

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Jain, Shilpee, A. S. Yadav, and Ragini Gothalwal. "GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALCHEMILLA VULGARIS SILVER NANOPARTICLES." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 09 (October 31, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213909.

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Among all the nanoparticles synthesized; silver nanoparticles have attained special place in the area of nano technology because of their antimicrobial, nontoxic, environmentally safe and biomedical applications. In general; their syntheses involves the use of hazardous chemicals or costly physical methods. However, the biological processes are making their ways in between and proving their advantages over them. The use of plants and their extracts is one of the most valuable methods which are gaining concerns due to their imperative biological benefits. Plants are not only beautiful but majestic because they are rich sources of various medicinally important substances. They explore the huge diversity which can be utilized towards rapid and single step protocol preparatory method for various nanoparticles keeping intact “the green principles” over the conventional ones and proving their dominance for medicinal importance. Here, in the presented work “one pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles” is described. Therefore; a simple, cost effective bio-reduction on the principle of “green synthesis” of silver nanoparticles using the Alchemilla vulgaris plant extract is reported. The beauty of the synthesis is: no involvement of any surfactant, catalyst or template. The aqueous silver ions are reduced to silver nanoparticles when exposed to plant extract. The bio-reduction and stabilization of so formed silver nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, particle size and zeta potential.

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SHTOMPEL’, VOLODYMYR, SERGIY SINELNIKOV, SERGIY KOBYLINSKYI, and SERGIY RIABOV. "Structure and morphology nanocomposites based on stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexe and metalic nanoparticles silver and copper." Polymer journal 45, no. 1 (May 9, 2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.45.01.079.

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Using XRD and TEM methods structure and morphogy of nanocomposites type polymer-metal based on stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexe (chitosan-chloride and Na-phosphate of starch – starch of milk maize that Na-threepolyphospate functionalised) and metalic nanoparticles of silver and copper vere investigated. Using FTIR-spectroscopy phosphate of starch vere identificated. Nanocomposites vere formated two methods: thermo-chemical reduced of Ag+ i Cu2+ cations (by 150 °C and 170 °C accordingly) and Cu2+ cations reduced by method green synthesis (using extracte green tea) to metalic state. Show, that in volyme of nanocomposites the metalic nanopaticles silver and copper, what acquired thermo-chemicel method, have average size 5,0 nm and 3,5 nm accordingly, whereas nanoparticles copper, what acquired by method green synthesis, have average size 12,0 nm. Little size of metalic nanoparticles copper which obtaining by thermo-chemical method in contrast to nanoparticles copper which obtained by method green synthesis, caused by action of high temperature.

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Sharma, Arun Kumar, Kiran Rana, Sita Shrestha, Hari Bhakta Oli, and Deval Prasad Bhattarai. "A comparative Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Green vis-a-vis Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles." Amrit Research Journal 3, no. 01 (December 23, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/arj.v3i01.50499.

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is of great importance in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Various phytochemical constituents present in whole or parts of plants can act as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) by green method. In this work, AgNPs have been successfully synthesized in the laboratory by chemical reduction and green method. NaBH4 was used as a reducing agent in chemical reduction method whereas Zingiber officinale leaf extract was used as reducing and capping agent in green method. The properties of as synthesized AgNPs by both green and chemical methods have been examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and FTIR method. Besides these, biological activities of as synthesized AgNPs were tested against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli which exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activities in green method. Based on the result, it is found that AgNPs synthesized from ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) leaf extract exhibited significant antimicrobial effect than that by chemically synthesized AgNPs.

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Sonitia, Isnanda, Ngurah Ayu Ketut Umiati, and Agus Subagio. "Fabrication of CuONPs using Tridax Procumbens Leaf Extract as Material Antibacterial with Green Synthesis Method." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 5 (May 27, 2023): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230566.

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This experiment used the green synthesis method with Tridax procumbens as a capping and stabilizing agent to synthesize CuONPs. The application of Tridax procumbens-based on CuONPs as the antibacterial Escherichia Coli (E. Coli). The CuONPs synthesized were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The inhibition zones against Escherichia coli were found to be 9.10 and 10.15 mm with a concentration of 75mg/ml with extract Tridax procumbens with green synthesis method. Keywords: antibacterial, CuONPs, green synthesis, Tridax procumbens

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Guo, Yue, and Yingnan Chi. "A green synthesis method-nitrile hydration to synthesize amide." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 791, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/791/1/012171.

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Mukhopadhyay, Chhanda, Chhanda Mukhopadhyay, and Arup Datta. "A Green Method for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles." HETEROCYCLES 71, no. 8 (2007): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-07-11079.

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Liu, Q., C. L. Ren, J. F. Sun, J. H. Li, J. Ren, and X. G. Chen. "Synthesis of starch capped CdTe nanoparticles by 'green' method." Materials Research Innovations 13, no. 1 (March 2009): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/143307509x402156.

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Roy, Kamalika, and Susanta Lahiri. "A green method for synthesis of radioactive gold nanoparticles." Green Chemistry 8, no. 12 (2006): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b605625c.

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Darroudi, Majid, Ali Khorsand Zak, M. R. Muhamad, N. M. Huang, and Mohammad Hakimi. "Green synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles by sonochemical method." Materials Letters 66, no. 1 (January 2012): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.08.016.

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Nerella, Ashok. "Green Method for Synthesis of Magnetic Hollow Silica Spheres." International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 3 (March 20, 2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrcps.2017.04.03.008.

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Syafei, Devi Indrawati, Sahid Hidayat, and Yusmaniar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Zero Valent Iron Prepared Using Green Synthesis Method." Chemistry and Materials 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56425/cma.v1i2.24.

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This research was conducted to develop a green synthesis method for zero valent iron (ZVI) preparation. The ZVI was synthesized by reacting FeCl2 with polyphenols extracted from kepok banana peels. This polyphenol extraction process was carried out using three different solvents, namely: water, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy test showed three main phenolic compounds contained in the banana peel extract, namely: 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 4-methoxy-2-vinylphenol, and 2-methoxy-5-vinylphenol. The optimum composition of FeCl2 and polyphenol was 3:2. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy data confirmed that the synthesized ZVI contains organic compounds having –OH and C=O groups which are assumed to be capping agents that can maintain stability. This has also been supported by the results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis where there are carbon atoms (C) and oxygen atoms (O) in ZVI. The ZVI particle size was uneven and form a compact solid. The largest particle size distribution of ZVI is in the range of 234.49 nm - 407.49 nm with the average size of ZVI beings 616.26 nm. The results of the XRD analysis have also confirmed the formation of a simple cubic ZVI with fine crystallite size of ca 26.64 nm.

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Patrón-Romero, L., P. A. Luque, C. A. Soto-Robles, O. Nava, A. R. Vilchis-Nestor, V. W. Barajas-Carrillo, C. E. Martínez-Ramírez, et al. "Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles by green synthesis method." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 60 (December 2020): 101925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101925.

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Trujillo, Marissa, Clayton Hull-Crew, Andrew Outlaw, Kevin Stewart, Loren Taylor, Laura George, Allison Duensing, Breanna Tracey, and Allen Schoffstall. "Green Methodologies for Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions: A Comparative Study." Molecules 24, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050973.

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Successful copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions may be achieved by several methods. In this paper, four synthetic protocols were performed for direct comparison of time required for the synthesis, yield, and purity of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole products. The methods with Cu(I) catalysts were conventional, microwave heating, solvent-free, and a method using glycerol solvent. The compounds synthesized in this paper were known non-fluorinated triazoles and new fluorinated triazoles. The results lead to the conclusion that the microwave method should be strongly considered for CuAAC syntheses.

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Benjamin, Ellis, and Yousef M. Hijji. "A Novel Green Synthesis of Thalidomide and Analogs." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6436185.

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Thalidomide and its derivatives are currently under investigation for their antiangiogenic, immunomodulative, and anticancer properties. Current methods used to synthesize these compounds involve multiple steps and extensive workup procedures. Described herein is an efficient microwave irradiation green synthesis method that allows preparation of thalidomide and its analogs in a one-pot multicomponent synthesis system. The multicomponent synthesis system developed involves an array of cyclic anhydrides, glutamic acid, and ammonium chloride in the presence of catalytic amounts of 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) to produce thalidomide and structurally related compounds within minutes in good isolated yields.

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David, S. Begila. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLE BY SONOCHEMICAL METHOD AND GREEN METHOD USING ZINGIBER OFFICINALE." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.212.

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Nanoparticles have made a steady progress in all the branches of science. It is used in biological applications including nanomedicine. Zinc oxide is also known as Zincite generally seen in a crystalline form. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are multifunctional. It has effective antibacterial activity. This study focuses on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle by the sonochemical and green method, characterized by XRD, SEM and to determine the antibacterial efficacy of green and chemical techniques.Results prove that green synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticle shows the enhanced biocidal activity. In addition the current study has demonstrated that the particle size variation and surface area to volume ratio of green synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles are responsible for significant high antibacterial activity. From the result obtained it suggested that the biogenic green fabrication is a better choice due to eco-friendliness.

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Hamdy, Nadia M., Amira A. Boseila, Ahmed Ramadan, and Emad B. Basalious. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Plant Insignia Synthesis with Favorable Biomedical Activities and Less Toxicity, in the “Era of the-Green”: A Systematic Review." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040844.

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In the era of favoring environment-friendly approaches for pharmaceutical synthesis, “green synthesis” is expanding. Green-based nanomedicine (NM), being less toxic and if having biomedical acceptable activities, thence, the chemical methods of synthesis are to be replaced by plants for reductive synthesis. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) exhibited remarkable anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties, besides being a drug delivery tool. However, owing to limitations related to the chemical synthetic method, plant-mediated green synthesis has been recognized as a promising alternative synthetic method. This systematic review (SR) is addressing plant-based IONPs green synthesis, characteristics, and toxicity studies as well as their potential biomedical applications. Furthermore, the plant-based green-synthesized IONPs in comparison to nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via other conventional methods, characteristics, and efficacy or toxicity profiles would be mentioned (if available). Search strategy design utilized electronic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar search. Selection criteria included recent clinical studies, available in the English language, published till PROSPERO registration. After screening articles obtained by first electronic database search, by title, abstract and applying the PICO criteria, the search results yielded a total of 453 articles. After further full text filtrations only 48 articles were included. In conclusion, the current SR emphasizes the perspective of the IONPs plant-mediated green synthesis advantage(s) when utilized in the biomedical pharmaceutical field, with less toxicity.

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Du, Ting Ting, Jing Fen Li, and Li Jing Min. "Green Synthesis of Phenytoin Sodium." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3917.

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In this study, benzaldehyde was reacted with benzoin condensation, oxidation and cyclization reaction to product phenytoin sodium under the supersonic wave radiation. In the condensation reaction, non-toxic vitamin B1 was used as a reactor instead of highly toxic cyanide on pH=9 at 70 oC. After that, FeCl3 • 6H2O was used as oxidant instead of concentrated nitric acid under the mild conditions. The results were that the yield of phenytoin sodium was up to 56.8%. There were many advantages in this improved synthesis method such as shorter reaction time, higher product purity, lower environmental pollution and higher product yield.

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Joshi, Naveen Chandra, Faisal Siddiqui, Mohd Salman, and Ajay Singh. "Antibacterial Activity, Characterizations, and Biological Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles using the Extract of Aloe vera." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2020.7.3.7.

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Green nanotechnology is relatively new branch of science and technology with many interesting applications. This technology involves in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) through green synthesis using extracts of plant-derived materials. Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs is a good alternative over the other conventional physical and chemical methods. This study deals with the green synthesis of manganese oxide (MnO2) NPs using the extract of Aloe vera. The green synthesized MnO2 NPs have been synthesized using various analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscope. MnO2 NPs were tested for antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus using well diffusion method. The experimental results were indicating that the MnO2 NPs are good antibacterial agents against different bacterial species.

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CHIHAI (PEȚU), Rodica, Alina-Florentina SĂRACU, and Claudia-Veronica UNGUREANU. "Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles using Microalgae: A Review." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 45, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2022.3.03.

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Nanometallic materials are metals and alloys that form nanocrystalline grains with particle size of about 5 to100 nm. In materials science, “green synthesis” has become a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of materials such as metal oxides, hybrids, and bio-inspired materials. Nowadays, a wide range of physico-chemical methods are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is found to be superior over physical and hemical method as it is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, scaled up for massscale production without any complexity. Several biological approaches, including the utilization of plant extracts, enzymes, bacteria, fungi, and algae, are being studied in order to enable a more environmentally sound synthesis of nanoparticles. Because these techniques are regarded as safe and environmentally responsible for the production of nanomaterials as an alternative to conventional methods, the development of green methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles is developing into a significant area of nanotechnology.

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Balážová, Ľudmila, Anna Čižmárová, Matej Baláž, Nina Daneu, Aneta Salayová, Zdenka Bedlovičová, and Ľudmila Tkáčiková. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Activity." Chemické listy 116, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220135.

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Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) could be prepared by effective and simple biosynthesis by using plant extracts. Water extracts from Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Sambucus nigra L. were used for a green synthesis of Ag NPs. Progress of the syntheses, the structure of Ag NPs and their antibacterial actiivity were followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM analysis and agar well diffusion method. UV-Vis analysis showed that the reactions performed with various plants extracts need different temperatures (60–90 °C) to synthesize Ag NPs. The NPs prepared were approx. 30 nm in size, but Ag NPs smaller than 10 nm were detected, too. Pure plant extracts without nanoparticles had no antibacterial activity. Of the Ag NPs-containing samples, only those prepared by using extract from Sambucus nigra L. showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Green synthesis is a promising way to prepare NPs with biological activities.

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V. G., Viju Kumar, and Ananthu A. Prem. "Green Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phyllanthus Niruri Extract." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 17, 2018): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340547.

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Studies on green synthesis of nanoparticles moves forward a lot on these days. The present work involves the green method of synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticle from Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract. Furthermore, the green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. A characteristic comparison with chemical method of synthesis is also done, for iron nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticle includes the IR, UV-Vis, surface morphology and size determination using TEM, SEM, and XRD. The analytical studies revealed that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from these two different methods have almost identical size and morphology. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against the microbes, E. coli and P. aeroginosa. The studies concluded that the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts is more beneficial as it is an economical, energy efficient, low cost and environment-friendly process than the bio hazardous chemical synthesis. The present investigation may be a definite contribution to green chemistry in general and nano synthesis in particular.

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Pérez-Alvarez, Marissa, Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego, Odilia Pérez-Camacho, Víctor E. Comparán-Padilla, Christian J. Cabello-Alvarado, and Esmeralda Saucedo-Salazar. "Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Cotton." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121906.

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Copper nanoparticles (CuNP) were obtained by a green synthesis method using cotton textile fibers and water as solvent, avoiding the use of toxic reducing agents. The new synthesis method is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and can be implemented on a larger scale. This method showed the cellulose capacity as a reducing and stabilizing agent for synthetizing Cellulose–Copper nanoparticles (CCuNP). Nanocomposites based on CCuNP were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR and DSC. Functional groups present in the CCuNP were identified by FTIR analysis, and XRD patterns disclosed that nanoparticles correspond to pure metallic Cu°, and their sizes are at a range of 13–35 nm. Results demonstrated that CuNPs produced by the new method were homogeneously distributed on the entire surface of the textile fiber, obtaining CCuNP nanocomposites with different copper wt%. Thus, CuNPs obtained by this method are very stable to oxidation and can be stored for months. Characterization studies disclose that the cellulose crystallinity index (CI) is modified in relation to the reaction conditions, and its chemical structure is destroyed when nanocomposites with high copper contents are synthesized. The formation of CuO nanoparticles was confirmed as a by-product, through UV spectroscopy, in the absorbance range of 300–350 nm.

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Iravani, Siavash, and Behzad Zolfaghari. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles UsingPinus eldaricaBark Extract." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/639725.

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Recently, development of reliable experimental protocols for synthesis of metal nanoparticles with desired morphologies and sizes has become a major focus of researchers. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using organisms has emerged as a nontoxic and ecofriendly method for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The objectives of this study were production of silver nanoparticles usingPinus eldaricabark extract and optimization of the biosynthesis process. The effects of quantity of extract, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH on the formation of silver nanoparticles are studied. TEM images showed that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (approximately in the range of 10–40 nm) were predominantly spherical in shape. The preparation of nano-structured silver particles usingP. eldaricabark extract provides an environmentally friendly option, as compared to currently available chemical and/or physical methods.

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Sadeghi, Samira, Meghdad Karimi, Iman Radfar, Reza Ghahremani Gavinehroudi, Dariush Saberi, and Akbar Heydari. "Efficient strategy for interchangeable roles in a green and sustainable redox catalytic system: IL/PdII-decorated SBA-15 as a mesoporous nanocatalyst." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 15 (2021): 6682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05459c.

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Green synthesis of catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols using air as a green oxidant, and efficient and straightforward synthesis method for amine formation using formic acid as a green reductant.

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Bùi Thị Thu, Hà, Anh Vũ Tuấn, and Hiếu Trần Bá. "TỔNG QUAN VỀ TỔNG HỢP XANH NANO BẠC SỬ DỤNG CHIẾT XUẤT THỰC VẬT VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRONG LĨNH VỰC Y - DƯỢC." VietNam Military Medical Unisversity 47, no. 04-2022 (May 2022): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56535/jmpm.v2022050402.

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In the synthesis of nanoparticles, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in biomedicine and pharmacy due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis method uses plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents to synthesize nanoparticles. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles are biocompatible, ecofriendly, and cost-effective. This review aims to elucidate recent advances in the plant-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (GAgNP) and their potential in antibacterial, cosmetic, anti-cancer, diagnostic, and biosensor applications. * Keywords: Green synthesis; Silver nanoparticles; Plant extracts.

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Rafique, Muhammad, Ahson J. Shaikh, Reena Rasheed, Muhammad Bilal Tahir, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Muhammad Shahid Rafique, and Faiz Rabbani. "A Review on Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Copper Nanoparticles Using Green Method." Nano 12, no. 04 (April 2017): 1750043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500436.

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To address accosts of this modern age, the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is more important than ever. Copper has been recognized as a nontoxic, safe inorganic material, cheaper antibacterial/antifungal agent, and has high potential in a wide range of biological, catalytic and sensors applications more particularly in the form of nanoparticles. This resulted in the development of numerous methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. As conventional methods like chemical and physical methods have several limitations so there is need to an alternate method. Due to nontoxic and eco-friendly nature, it has recently been shifted toward green synthesis of copper nanoparticles over conventional methods. Additionally, characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles is essential for their use in various applications. This review gives an overview of environment friendly synthesis method of copper nanoparticles and their applications on the basis of their potential selectivity and preferences in a number of fields like material sciences and biomedicine.

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S, Shameem, Nilufer A, and Roumana C. "Comparative Study of Green Nano Synthesis of Versatile TiO2 with its Chemical Nano Synthesis – Application to Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 15, no. 6 (December 16, 2022): 6234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.6.6.

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Background & Objective: Currently, Green synthesis/biosynthesis is a rapidly growing, advantageous method for nanoparticle synthesis and it inculcates interest among researchers. It has its own significance in the field of biomedical, industrial, pharmaceutical and other fields of science and technology. TiO2 has inimitable properties in the field of pharmaceutical/biomedical and industrial applications. Hence, the present facile study proposed to deal with the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through the chemical method and the green method. The synthesized samples are compared to prove the suitable methodology for synthesizing TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Methods: The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a sophisticated chemical method. The green/biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out using AdathodaVasica, Acalypha Indica and Annona squamosa leaf extract. Using the synthesized samples, the structural, morphological, optical, surface and antibacterial characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR, XRD, EDAX, UV, PL, SEM and antibacterial analysis. Result: The FTIR spectra reveal the presence of a Ti-O bond. The structural characterization using XRD analysis confirms the crystalline size at the nano level. The bandgap energies were calculated through the UV spectrum and the photocatalytic behaviour of the TiO2 nanoparticle is further confirmed by the photoluminescence study. The SEM analysis pictures the morphology of TiO2 NP. The antibacterial study manifests the larger region of inhibition for the TiO2 NP obtained from the leaf extract. The results of the samples were compared and identified their efficiency. Conclusion: From the studies, it concludes that the green synthesized NPs are much more efficient than the chemically prepared sample. The green synthesized TiO2 NP is much more active than that obtained from the chemical method. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles are more suitable for both industrial/photocatalytic and pharmaceutical applications.

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Aditha, Sai Kiran, Aditya Dileep Kurdekar, L. A. Avinash Chunduri, Sandeep Patnaik, and Venkataramaniah Kamisetti. "Aqueous based reflux method for green synthesis of nanostructures: Application in CZTS synthesis." MethodsX 3 (2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2015.12.003.

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Bissa, Shivangi, Preeti Naruka, Raj Birthlya, and Arihant Jain. "Plant Based Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Characterization by UV-Vis Spectroscopy." Journal of Condensed Matter 1, no. 01 (June 1, 2023): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.61343/jcm.v1i01.9.

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In the modern fast changing world, as the green and environment friendly methods are much required and preferred over conventional toxic methods, plant based nano synthesis plays a vital role in future developments of nanotechnology. In this research article, we discussed on the synthesis and characterization of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles by green synthesis method utilizing the leaves of Ocimum Tenuiflorum as reducing agent for Zn salt. ZnO NPs prepared by such a technique exhibit superior antibacterial efficacy against a range of bacteria compared to ZnO NPs produced through chemical methods, without developing resistance to antibiotics. Further the prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy technique and the bandgap of particles was calculated by Tauc Plot method.

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Fang, Xiang, Wang Wang, Xueyan Yang, and Fanhong Wu. "A Green Method for the Synthesis of Sulfones from Thioethers." Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 41, no. 1 (2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc202007028.

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Nematollahi, Davood, Shima Momeni, and Sadegh Khazalpour. "A Green Electrochemical Method for the Synthesis of Acetaminophen Derivatives." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 161, no. 3 (December 14, 2013): H75—H78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.022403jes.

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Radaram, Bhasker, and Mindy Levine. "A green bromination method for the synthesis of benzylic dibromides." Tetrahedron Letters 55, no. 35 (August 2014): 4905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.114.

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Hoa, Bui Thi, Hoang Thi Trong Hoa, Nguyen Anh Tien, Nguyen Huu Duy Khang, Elena V. Guseva, Ta Anh Tuan, and Bui Xuan Vuong. "Green synthesis of bioactive glass 70SiO2-30CaO by hydrothermal method." Materials Letters 274 (September 2020): 128032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128032.

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Udayabhanu, H. Nagabhushana, D. Suresh, H. Rajanaika, S. C. Sharma, and G. Nagaraju. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO 2 -rGO By Green Chemical Method." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 11 (2017): 11888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.108.

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