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1
Newell, Graeme, John MacFarlane, and Roger Walker. "Assessing energy rating premiums in the performance of green office buildings in Australia." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-10-2013-0061.
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Purpose – Green office buildings have recently taken on increased significance in institutional property portfolios in Australia and globally. The key issue from an institutional investor perspective is the assessment of whether green office buildings add value. Using an extensive portfolio of green office buildings, the purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the level of energy rating premiums in the property performance of green office buildings in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – Using a portfolio of over 200 green office buildings in Australia benchmarked against a comparable portfolio of non-green office buildings, the level of energy rating premiums in the property performance of green office buildings in Australia is empirically evaluated. Hedonic regression analysis is used to account for differences between specific office buildings and to explicitly identify the “pure” green effect in identifying the level of energy rating premiums in several commercial property performance characteristics (e.g. office value, rent). Findings – The empirical results show the added-value premium of the 5-star National Australian Built Environment Rating Scheme (NABERS) energy rating scheme and the Green Star scheme in the property performance of green office buildings in Australia, including office values and rents. Energy rating premiums for green office buildings are evident at the top energy ratings and energy rating discounts at the lower energy ratings. The added-value “top-end” premium of the 5-star vs 4-star NABERS energy rating category is clearly identified for the various property performance parameters, including office values and rents. Practical implications – This paper empirically determines the presence of energy rating premiums at the top energy ratings in the performance of green office buildings, as well as energy rating discounts at the lower energy ratings. This clearly highlights the added value dimension of energy efficiency in green office buildings and the need for the major office property investors to prioritise the highest energy rating to facilitate additional property performance premiums. This will also see green office buildings become the norm as the market benchmark rather than non-green office buildings. Social implications – This paper highlights energy performance premiums for green office buildings. This fits into the context of sustainability in the property industry and the broader aspects of corporate social responsibility in the property industry. Originality/value – This paper is the first published property research analysis on the detailed determination of energy rating premiums across the energy rating spectrum for green office buildings in Australia. Given the increased focus on energy efficiency and green office buildings, this research enables empirically validated and practical property investment decisions by office property investors regarding the importance of energy efficiency and green office buildings, and the priority to achieve the highest energy rating to maximise property performance premiums in office values and rents.
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Sato, Keiko, and Takaaki Inoue. "Perception of color emotions for single colors in red-green defective observers." PeerJ 4 (December 8, 2016): e2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2751.
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It is estimated that inherited red-green color deficiency, which involves both the protan and deutan deficiency types, is common in men. For red-green defective observers, some reddish colors appear desaturated and brownish, unlike colors seen by normal observers. Despite its prevalence, few studies have investigated the effects that red-green color deficiency has on the psychological properties of colors (color emotions). The current study investigated the influence of red-green color deficiency on the following six color emotions: cleanliness, freshness, hardness, preference, warmth, and weight. Specifically, this study aimed to: (1) reveal differences between normal and red-green defective observers in rating patterns of six color emotions; (2) examine differences in color emotions related to the three cardinal channels in human color vision; and (3) explore relationships between color emotions and color naming behavior. Thirteen men and 10 women with normal vision and 13 men who were red-green defective performed both a color naming task and an emotion rating task with 32 colors from the Berkeley Color Project (BCP). Results revealed noticeable differences in the cleanliness and hardness ratings between the normal vision observers, particularly in women, and red-green defective observers, which appeared mainly for colors in the orange to cyan range, and in the preference and warmth ratings for colors with cyan and purple hues. Similarly, naming errors also mainly occurred in the cyan colors. A regression analysis that included the three cone-contrasts (i.e., red-green, blue-yellow, and luminance) as predictors significantly accounted for variability in color emotion ratings for the red-green defective observers as much as the normal individuals. Expressly, for warmth ratings, the weight of the red-green opponent channel was significantly lower in color defective observers than in normal participants. In addition, the analyses for individual warmth ratings in the red-green defective group revealed that luminance cone-contrast was a significant predictor in most red-green-defective individuals. Together, these results suggest that red-green defective observers tend to rely on the blue-yellow channel and luminance to compensate for the weak sensitivity of long- and medium-wavelength (L-M) cone-contrasts, when rating color warmth.
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Liu, Heying, and Chan Lyu. "Can ESG Ratings Stimulate Corporate Green Innovation? Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912516.
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Green innovation serves as both a catalyst for businesses to pursue sustainable development and a crucial step in achieving green circular economic development. Green innovation is the practice of organizations considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects and the ESG advantages resulting from this process may become a driving force for enterprises to undergo a green transformation. Therefore, based on data related to Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2020, we study the relationship between ESG rating performance and corporate green innovation and its boundary mechanism. The results show that ESG ratings can improve the green innovation level of listed enterprises, and the relationship between ESG ratings and green innovation was also found to be strengthened by the institutional environment and redundant organizational resources. This study previously confirmed the positive impact of enterprises’ ESG ratings on their green innovation, which has important implications for realizing the effective combination of ESG advantages and green innovation, promoting the construction of an ecological civilization, and realizing the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.
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Reith, András, and Melinda Orova. "Do green neighbourhood ratings cover sustainability?" Ecological Indicators 48 (January 2015): 660–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.005.
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Lippi, Andrea. "The Relationship Between Board Composition and the Ratings Given to Green Bonds: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of Management and Sustainability 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v11n1p126.
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Due to the growing number of green bond issues, a lack of mandatory standards and thus the growing phenomenon of greenwashing, an increasingly greater role is assumed by external auditors who are called upon to certify the ‘greenness’ of green bonds. These include rating agencies, which may be called on to express a green rating for each issue of green bonds. Based on a unique dataset made up of 66 green bond issues together with their respective green ratings from 2015 to 2020, the aim of this paper is to test the relationship between issuers’ board compositions and the green rating assigned to each bond issue. The results obtained confirm some conclusions already present in the existing literature and also open a new field of research concerning the green bond market, which has so far been little analysed, especially with reference to corporate governance.
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Poleshchuk, O. M. "State of plant species rating assessments approaches in fuzzy conditions of their monitoring." Forestry Bulletin 26, no. 5 (October 2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-128-134.
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The paper analyzes the models of rating assessment of green spaces in large cities, developed by the author. Both models are based on the formalization of the state of plant species using linguistic variables that model the evaluation actions of experts in fuzzy conditions. The first model, developed earlier by the author, allows you to find the ratings of green spaces by comparing their states with each other. Thus, the resulting rating of the state of a plant species provides information about the advantages of one species over another, but does not provide complete information about the real state of green spaces. At the same time, it is possible that all plant species from the considered population, regardless of the rating, are not resistant to harmful urban environment. The second model, developed in this article, allows you to find the ratings of plant species based on their ideal state. For this, the distance between the linguistic variables that formalize the real state of a plant species and its ideal state is determined. Since the states of green spaces are compared with the ideal state, and not among themselves, the resulting rating of one plant species does not depend on the data obtained in the evaluation of other species. The developed models allow their alternative application depending on the goals and objectives.
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Capeluto, Isaac Guedi. "The Unsustainable Direction of Green Building Codes: A Critical Look at the Future of Green Architecture." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060773.
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Buildings are a major contributor to global energy consumption and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. In light of the climate crisis, changes in the way we design, construct and use buildings are needed to reduce their environmental impact. Green Building Codes (GBCs) and rating systems have been developed around the world as a basis for green building practices. However, several studies raised doubts about the actual performance of certified buildings. Moreover, they use a per unit area approach to assess the use of resources rather than per capita, penalizing small buildings or those with high occupancy, ignoring the concepts of equity and shared common effort which are central to sustainable design. In this paper we propose adjustments to GBCs to encourage new ways of designing and evaluating green buildings. We introduce the Occupancy Correction Factor (OCF) which prioritizes smaller and more densely occupied buildings reducing land use, total operational energy consumption and embodied energy. Results show changes in their energy ratings of one to three levels both up and down, compared to their original ratings. In addition, we propose the prioritization of high-efficiency Low-Energy and Nearly Zero-Energy buildings over Net Zero Energy buildings, encouraging innovative urban design to enhance solar access and electricity production potential on-site or nearby.
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Frydrych, Sylwia. "Credit Ratings of Issuers of Green Debt Instruments." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Issue 4 (November 1, 2021): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2570.
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Zuo, Jian, Bo Xia, Qing Chen, Stephen Pullen, and Martin Skitmore. "GREEN BUILDING RATING FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS – LESSONS LEARNED." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 2 (March 2016): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.2.131.1.
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Office buildings constitute a significant proportion of the non-residential building stock. In recent years, various rating tools have been developed to foster green office building development. The Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) has developed the Green Star - Office rating tools for this purpose. There are an increasing number of stakeholders adopting these tools to showcase their efforts in sustainable development. This research focuses on the challenges and barriers in obtaining GBCA ratings in Australian Office buildings. To accomplish this, the scoring sheets from the rating of 264 certified office buildings were collected and critically analysed. The findings indicated that credits related to the attributes of innovation, ecology and energy are comparatively difficult to achieve. It was also found in this study that a large number of projects did not apply for the specific credits of refrigerant global warming potential, re-use of façade, topsoil and fill removal from site, and individual comfort control. This study provides a useful reference to both the property developer and the Green Building Council of Australia for green building developments in the future. In particular, the findings provide useful inputs to the development of the next generation of green building rating tools.
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Zheng, Junming, Yanzhen Huang, Yashan Chen, Lei Guan, and Qunyue Liu. "Subjective Preference and Visual Attention to the Attributes of Ornamental Plants in Urban Green Space: An Eye-Tracking Study." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111871.
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Visual attributes of greenery strongly affect the attention and preferences of people. We invited 90 volunteers to participate in a study on the subjective rating and eye tracking on the landscape attributes of greenery to determine the relationship between subjective preference and visual attention to the visual attributes of greenery. The results showed that the subjective ratings of Tree + shrub + grass (IV-A), blue flower (II-A), red flower (II-B), pink flower (II-C), broad-leaved tree (I-C), and bamboo (I-E) were relatively high, belonging to the high rating group. The random forest model showed that the fixation count could indicate a subjective preference. People generate visual attention by fixating on attractive visual attributes with high subjective ratings.
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Kim, Joseph J., Marco A. Sanchez, Michelle Del Aguila, and Sunkuk Kim. "GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES FOR LEED CERTIFIED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.149.
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Student recreational facilities at higher education institutions are increasingly utilizing green building strategies to decrease their impact on the campus environment and to increase economic and social impacts on the community. Through nearly two decades of LEED building development, comparative studies of LEED strategies among buildings are not rare, but still in demand due to the lessons learned from other LEED certified buildings. This paper presents case studies on the green building strategies utilized for six student recreational facilities certified by the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system and examines favorable strategies that lead to the success of obtaining higher rating levels. The comparative analysis results showed that the energy and atmosphere and indoor environmental quality categories that utilized energy performance optimization and innovative architectural designs for better daylights and views were major components for higher rating levels apart from conventional design criteria such as location, climate, and density. The recreational facilities having higher ratings were more favorable in obtaining credits using central plants, stormwater design, innovative wastewater technologies, and light control. The findings not only provide specific green buildings strategies for student recreational facilities, but they also enhance the green initiatives for future education facilities on university campuses.
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HANSEN, THORSTEN, and KARL R. GEGENFURTNER. "Color scaling of discs and natural objects at different luminance levels." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233121.
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Assigning a basic color name to an object and rating the amount of a particular hue is a fundamental visual capability. Traditional color scaling studies have used increment flashes or isoluminant stimuli of a homogeneous color. Natural objects, however, do not contain a single color but are characterized by a distribution of different chromatic hues. Here we study color scaling using photographs of natural fruit objects. Stimuli were either homogeneous spots, digital photographs of fruit objects (e.g., banana), or outline shapes of the fruit objects. Stimuli were displayed on a CRT monitor on a homogeneous white background; its luminance was varied above and below the medium gray. The chromaticity of the stimuli was varied in 36 equally spaced chromatic directions in the isoluminant plane of the Derrington-Krauskopf-Lennie (DKL) color space. For each stimuli, subjects rated the amount of red, green, blue, and yellow in the stimulus on a scale from 0–8. In agreement with earlier studies we found that the positions of the peak ratings for each color do not coincide with the cardinal axis of DKL color space and are largely invariant under changes of the background luminance. For the average rating we found a dependence on background luminance for all colors: yellow ratings increase with darker backgrounds, whereas ratings for the other colors, in particular green, decrease. For the fruit objects, we found a selective increase in the average color rating for the natural fruit color. For example, the average rating for yellow was 1.7 times higher for the banana images compared to disc stimuli. No such selective increase was found for outline shapes. We conclude that the distribution of hues in natural objects with a characteristic object color can have a profound effect on color scaling and color appearance.
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Kim, Yujin, and Su-In Kim. "Environmental Risk and Credit Ratings, and the Moderating Effect of Market Competition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095341.
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This study examines the relationship between environmental risk and corporate bond credit ratings, and the moderating effect of market competition. We focus on Korean firms that are facing increasing risk of environmental crisis after the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the Korean government has been controlling businesses while promoting policies to transform the economy into a low-energy, low-carbon economy. We find that a firm’s greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption, which are direct indicators of environmental risk, are negatively associated with bond credit ratings. We also report that the negative effect of environmental risk on credit ratings is stronger in firms with low market competition. This study contributes to prior research by improving the understanding of the effect of environmental risk on credit ratings. In particular, it is significant to examine the effect of environmental risk, measured as direct environmental performance not affected by green washing, on credit rating. Therefore, we shed light on environment-oriented management beyond the determinants of credit ratings, which have been discussed in previous studies. We also suggest that policymakers need to manage market competition in terms of environmental justice, given that market competition has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between environmental risk and credit ratings.
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Lisnaningrum, Destya, Sabihaini Sabihaini, and Abdul Ghofar. "Konsekuensi Green Trust Terhadap Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk dan Green Repurchase Intention." Jurnal Sains Pemasaran Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Marketing Science) 19, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jspi.v19i2.62-74.
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This study determine the effect of green perceived value and green perceived risk on green repurchase intention mediated by green trust in customers of The Body Shop products in the Special Region of Yogykarta. The independent variables are green perceived value and green perceived risk. The dependent variable is a green repurchase intention. Green trust is a mediating variable. The population in this study are customers of The Body Shop products. Sample collection is done by area sampling techniques by grouping DIY into 5 groups, namely Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kota Yogyakarta, Kulon Progo, Sleman and the purposive sampling with the criteria of having made at least 2 purchases of The Body Shop products number of 150 respondents. The data analysis method used in this study is structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study are If consumers feel the benefits of a product towards the environment is high, it will increase trust and repurchase in the product. If consumers have a negative perception of a product that is high it will reduce trust and reduce interest in repurchasing the product. Consumer trust in products can mediate consumer ratings of the benefits received, negative perceptions and repurchase in the product.
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Lee, Chyi Lin, Nicholas Gumulya, and Mustapha Bangura. "The Role of Mandatory Building Efficiency Disclosure on Green Building Price Premium: Evidence from Australia." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030297.
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Extensive studies have examined the financial performance of green buildings in recent years. The results have frequently observed that the premium of green buildings is time-varying and dependent on the study period and markets being examined. Further, virtually no dedicated study has been devoted to examine the role of mandatory building energy rating disclosure policies on green building price premium. This raises the question of whether the mandatory energy rating disclosure policies would have an influence on the financial performance of green buildings. This study assesses the premium of green buildings by considering the role of mandatory energy efficiency of commercial building disclosure program (CBDP) using the MCSI/IPD NABERS data over 2005–2020. The results of the study showed that, in Australia, buildings with NABERS rating of 4 stars and above delivered a higher total return compared with buildings with lower NABERS ratings. This also supports the Freeman’s (1984) social impact hypothesis in which favorable social performance will ultimately lead to favorable financial performance. In addition, our empirical modelling results also demonstrated the premium of green buildings is stronger since the launch of CBDP, reflecting the importance of mandatory building efficiency disclosure. The policy implications of our studies have also been discussed as buildings play a crucial role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly net-zero carbon emissions.
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Lau, Jey Han, Carlos Armendariz, Shalom Lappin, Matthew Purver, and Chang Shu. "How Furiously Can Colorless Green Ideas Sleep? Sentence Acceptability in Context." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (July 2020): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00315.
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We study the influence of context on sentence acceptability. First we compare the acceptability ratings of sentences judged in isolation, with a relevant context, and with an irrelevant context. Our results show that context induces a cognitive load for humans, which compresses the distribution of ratings. Moreover, in relevant contexts we observe a discourse coherence effect that uniformly raises acceptability. Next, we test unidirectional and bidirectional language models in their ability to predict acceptability ratings. The bidirectional models show very promising results, with the best model achieving a new state-of-the-art for unsupervised acceptability prediction. The two sets of experiments provide insights into the cognitive aspects of sentence processing and central issues in the computational modeling of text and discourse.
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García-Piña Rosete, Juan Carlos, Rafael Hernandez Barros, and Mónica Blanco-Jiménez. "SEM analysis on Global Fortune 500 Corporations with green ratings." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 1135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09876-2.
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Koengkan, Matheus, and José Alberto Fuinhas. "Heterogeneous Effect of “Eco-Friendly” Dwellings on Transaction Prices in Real Estate Market in Portugal." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 6784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186784.
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The main objective of this research is to assess the impact of energy certificate ratings (EPCs) on the value per m2 of Portuguese housing sales. Data from 289 Portuguese municipalities between 2014 and 2019, analysed with a fixed effects panel and method of moments quantile regression, were used. EPCs with high energy efficiency ratings (e.g., A+, A, B, and B-) are used as a proxy for dwellings with “green” or “environmentally friendly” certificates. On the other hand, ratings with a low energy efficiency (e.g., C, D, E, and F) are used as a proxy for dwellings with “non-green” or “not environmentally friendly” certificates. The results support that EPCs associated with green housing increase the value per m2 of housing sales, and those associated with non-green housing decrease the sales value. It was also found that municipal GDP, tax/financial incentive policies for energy efficiency, and the number of completed dwellings in new constructions for family housing will increase sales value. On the other hand, credit agreements and completed reconstructions reduce sales value. Lastly, the results and outgrowths of this study will support the policymakers and governments in developing consistent policies and initiatives that promote the “green” or “eco-friendly” dwellings in Portugal or in similar economies.
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Mihandoust, Sahar, Anjali Joseph, Sara Kennedy, Piers MacNaughton, and May Woo. "Exploring the Relationship between Window View Quantity, Quality, and Ratings of Care in the Hospital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 10677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010677.
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Hospital ratings reflect patient satisfaction, consumer perception of care, and create the context for quality improvement in healthcare settings. Despite an abundance of studies on the health benefits of the presence and content of window views, there is a gap in research examining how these features may impact patient satisfaction and consumer perceptions of the quality of care received. A quantitative exploratory study collected data from 652 participants regarding their previous stay in the hospital, their perception of windows in their room, and their perception of their room, the hospital, and the quality of care received. On a scale of 0–10, participants with access to windows gave a 1-unit higher rating for the hospital. Access to window views from their bed provided a 1-unit increase, and having a view to green spaces resulted in a 2-unit increase in hospital ratings. Statistically significant results were also found for room ratings and care ratings. Windows in the patient rooms impact the key patient satisfaction measures and patient experience during the hospital stay. Patient room design, bed set up, and quantity and quality of window views may play an important role in shaping the patient’s experience.
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Culbreath, A. K., J. W. Todd, D. W. Gorbet, S. L. Brown, J. A. Baldwin, H. R. Pappu, C. C. Holbrook, and F. M. Shokes. "Response of Early, Medium, and Late Maturing Peanut Breeding Lines to Field Epidemics of Tomato Spotted Wilt." Peanut Science 26, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-26-2-8.
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Abstract Epidemics of tomato spotted wilt, caused by tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus (TSWV), were monitored in field plots of runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars Georgia Green and Georgia Runner and numerous breeding lines from four different breeding programs as part of efforts toward characterizing breeding lines with potential for release as cultivars. Breeding lines were divided into early, medium and late maturity groups. The tests were conducted near Attapulgus, GA and Marianna, FL in 1997 and in Tifton, GA and Marianna, FL in 1998. Epidemics in some early and medium maturing breeding lines, including some genotypes with high oleic acid oil chemistry, were comparable to those in Georgia Green, the cultivar most frequently used in the southeastern U.S. for suppression of spotted wilt epidemics. No early maturing breeding lines had lower spotted wilt final intensity ratings or higher yields than Georgia Green. However, spotted wilt intensity ratings in some late maturing lines and a smaller number of medium maturing lines were significantly lower than those of Georgia Green. Several of those lines also produced greater pod yields than Georgia Green. Results from these experiments indicated that there is potential for improving management of spotted wilt though development of cultivars that suppress spotted wilt epidemics more than currently available cultivars. There was no indication that differences in spotted wilt ratings corresponded to differences in numbers of thrips adults or larvae.
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Rasekh, Haleh, and Timothy J. McCarthy. "DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROJECTS – CHALLENGES, REALITY AND SUCCESS." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 3 (June 2016): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.3.143.1.
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This research concerns the delivery of sustainable building projects. These projects are defined as those which either attempt to achieve green ratings or are claimed to address certain sustainability issues. A key focus is to examine how the client's vision for sustainability is achieved or compromised by the practicality of construction. Two sustainability rating systems, the Australian Green Star and the Living Building Challenge from the U.S. are discussed. This research examines two projects; one university multipurpose building (SMART Infrastructure Facility); and an advanced research facility, the Sustainable Buildings Research Centre (SBRC). The methodology used is semi-structured interviews of key participants and stakeholders for the two university building. The outcome of this research indicates that environmental rating systems are useful tools to construct reasonably sustainable buildings. Many interviewees, however, believe that for their next projects the concern would be to continue to construct sustainable buildings but not necessarily by following the strict criteria and reporting requirements of the environmental rating system.
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Havrylenko, Olena P., Petro H. Shyshchenko, and Yevhen Yu Tsyhanok. "The green infrastructure within the framework of a compact city concept (by example of Kyiv)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112124.
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The goal of the study is to determine the actual areas and the geographical distri- bution of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) in Kyiv; compile and analyse the ratings of the city administrative districts by key UGS indicators and substantiate the level of comfortable living in each district according to the concept of a green compact city. The goal stems from the announcement of an official strategy of transforming Kyiv into a comfortable compact city with an attractive green infrastructure. To achieve this goal, we have calculated a number of major indicators of the modern green infrastructure of Kyiv in all ten city districts. According to the method we developed, we analysed the drawings of the urban development master plan and regulatory documents, and conducted a field survey of significant UGS sites in Kyiv. The data obtained were used to make a UGS map of Kyiv and other thematic maps. For the most accurate calculation of key UGS indicators, we processed several thousand contours in Kyiv’s cartographic base. The sizes of Urban Protected Areas (UPA) were found separately, and their share in the total city territory and of each district (Conservation Coefficients) was determined. In so doing, UPA distribution was found to be very irregular, with a total area of 174.9 km2, or about 21.2% of that of Ukraine’s capital. We analysed the ratio of the city population and the areas of green spaces in each Kyiv district. To identify districts with a different UGS coverage, we calculated the Greenness Coefficients (GC) and compiled a rating of Kyiv districts by their level of greenness, using the Greenness Coefficients Index. Significant GC variations in different city districts were substantiated. In contrast to previous studies, we calculated the provision of Kyiv residents with green zones of not merely common usage, but also with those of all other kinds, including UPA. We also calculated the Green space provision per person and compiled ratings of Kyiv districts by the Green Space Provision Index. The results were presented on a relevant map. Based on calculating the share of protected areas in the total UGS area, we found the ratings of Kyiv districts by the Green space legally protected Index. Wherein, we found significant variations among the districts by the ratio of protected areas and green spaces deprived of any legal protection. This increases their vulnerability to projected development attempts. We calculated the Integral Green Space Index (GSI) based on processing all significant UGS indicators of Kyiv. GSI allows for an integral assessment of the condition of the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) in Kyiv, and it is the key criterion of its compliance with modern requirements to an ideal compact city. Holosiivskyi District received the highest GSI rating. It is uniformly replete with UGS, which are provided for quality recreation and, at the same time, are protected by environmental legislation. Solomianskyi District received the lowest rating, and almost all the elements of its existing UGI require a cardinal optimisation. As a whole, the indicators we calculated can create an illusion of adequate provision of Kyiv with UGS. Actually, they are distributed very irregularly in the majority of districts. The results of our study are indicative of the presence of many challenging locations that require an extension of existing UGS and the development of new ones pursuant to the principles of compact city planning. Since UGI planning depends on the implementation of the Urban Development Master Plan, it makes sense to include the Green Space Index to the key indicators of the Kyiv Development Strategy. The draft new City General Plan should also be refined with account of the above-mentioned problems.
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Graham, Scott H., Xiaojaun Zhu, Heather Kelly, and Scott D. Stewart. "The Use of Canopeo for Seedling Cotton Health Ratings in Small Plot Research." Journal of Cotton Science 23, no. 3 (2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/ssci4336.
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Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in west Tennessee to determine if Canopeo, an image analysis tool available as a smartphone app, could be used to supplement current methods to estimate cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., seedling health in small-plot research tests. A total of six tests, providing a range of cotton seedling health, were used in this analysis. Cotton seedlings in replicated small-plot tests were visually rated for vigor and thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) injury. A photograph of the center two rows of each plot was taken and analyzed to determine green canopy cover using Canopeo. Additionally, above ground biomass samples were collected in three of the tests. Strong correlations were observed between green canopy cover and biomass, green canopy cover and vigor, and thrips injury ratings and biomass. These data suggest that green canopy cover assessment using Canopeo is a useful and non-destructive way to objectively assess treatment effects on plant health in small-plot cotton research trials.
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Radwan, Ahmed, and Mohamed H. Issa. "AN EVALUATION OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPANT WELL-BEING IN MANITOBA SCHOOL BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 1 (January 2017): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1552-6100.12.1.123.
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This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba, Canada, and to evaluate the well-being of these schools' teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms' indoor environment. The schools include a middle-aged, conventional school; a new, non-green school; and a new, green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system. The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers' long-term satisfaction with their classrooms' indoor environmental quality. The results showed that the new, green and new, non-green schools' classrooms performed better than the conventional, middle-aged school's classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only. Teachers in the new, green school and in the new, non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional, middle-aged school with their classrooms' overall indoor environmental quality, lighting quality and indoor air quality. Surprisingly, the new, green and new-non green school classrooms' performance were very comparable with the new, green school's classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity. Similarly, none of the differences in teachers' satisfaction ratings between the new, green and new, non-green school were statistically significant.
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Zheng, Jianzhuang, Muhammad Usman Khurram, and Lifeng Chen. "Can Green Innovation Affect ESG Ratings and Financial Performance? Evidence from Chinese GEM Listed Companies." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148677.
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Socially and environmentally responsible investing is becoming the benchmark in financial markets. Promoting emerging industries’ environmental performance, social responsibility, and corporate governance (ESG) ratings are increasingly becoming the consensus of multinational green financial institutions, investors, and governments. This study employs 3100 panel data from 2014 to 2019 to conduct empirical research on green innovation, ESG indicators, and the financial performance of China’s Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) listed companies. Based on the “causal steps approach”, we adopt the Sobel–goodman and Bootstrap test to explore the partial mediation effect of ESG indicators. Moreover, when testing the interactive effect of endogeneity, instrumental variables combined with two-stage least squares (2SLS) and a general method of moments (GMM) system are applied in the dynamic panel for robustness. Combing with the approach of ESG factors-integrated and ESG factors-embedded regression models, we find that: (1) Green innovation can significantly improve the ESG scores of GEM listed companies. (2) Both green innovation and ESG performance can improve the financial performances of GEM listed companies, and ESG performance plays an indirect mediating role in the promotion of green innovation on financial performance. (3) Both political connection strength and regional innovation capabilities can negatively moderate the promotion of green innovation on financial performance, and moderating the effect of corporate political connections is more significant than the regional innovation. This study expands the research on the effectiveness of ESG indices and green innovation from the view of micro-GEM companies, providing policy enlightenment for the sustainable development of emerging industries. Our findings provide noteworthy implications for regulators, academicians and practitioners interested in exploring green innovation, ESG rating and financial performance. In addition, providing regulators and the board of directors with insights into the company’s and country’s future growth prospects.
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Oberti, Ilaria, and Francesca Plantamura. "Green Building Ratings for Healthcare: Indoor Environmental Quality and Environmental Impacts." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-2-17-16.
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Bahaj, A. S., P. Turner, M. Mahdy, S. Leggett, N. Wise, and A. Alghamdi. "Environmental assessment platform for cities racing to net zero." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012140.
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Abstract The UK was the first major economy to pass a Climate Change Act in 2008, which was revised in 2019 to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. In 2019, Southampton City Council (SCC) declared a climate emergency setting ambitious targets for the city to become carbon neutral under the banner Green City Charter (GCC), which was signed by 70 city-based organisations. There is, however, no specific methodology to quantify progress towards the targets. Here we present the outcomes from developing the GCC Tracker in collaboration with local authorities and stakeholders. The approach is based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process, with expertise agreed weights to measure the success or otherwise of carbon environmental commitments. The outcome is the Green City Tracker encompassing an assessment matrix that provides ratings and quantifies annual progress for achieving committed targets. The Tracker was applied to 10 institutions and the results show their ratings as a function of each sub-criteria and as an overarching rating. The approach highlighted the importance of generating a universally applicable and time/resource efficient processes in order to incentivise organisation participation. The Tracker was widely accepted by regional local authorities with a plan to widely adapt it to other cities declared targets.
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Tian, Yuhong, Fenghua Liu, Chi Yung Jim, Tiantian Wang, Jingya Luan, and Mengxuan Yan. "Effects of Self-Rated Health Status on Residents’ Social-Benefit Perceptions of Urban Green Space." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610134.
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Urban green spaces (UGS) provide many social benefits and improves residents’ wellbeing. Studying residents’ perceptions of UGS’s social benefits and driving factors could promote public health and environmental justice. A questionnaire survey of 432 Beijing residents and statistical tests assessed the impacts of residents’ living environments and self-rated health status on UGS perceptions. The results showed: (1) perceptions of UGS’ physical health benefits were subdued, with an inclination towards other social benefits. Respondents more highly perceived accelerating patient recovery and reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Perceptions of bearing larger-head babies with higher weight were relatively low. For other social benefits, perceptions of improving the environment and life quality were higher, but reducing anger outbursts and resolving conflicts were lower. (2) Childhood living environments did not affect perceptions of social benefits, but current living environments did. Suburb residents understood reducing pain-relief medication demands and bearing larger-head babies better than city residents. City residents understood UGS’ investments considerable and sustained returns better than village residents. City residents agreed with accelerating patient recovery higher than village ones. (3) Respondents with “poor” self-rated health status had better perceptions of other social benefits. Those with “excellent” ratings did not fully understand UGS’ physical health benefits. “Poor” ratings understood improving a city’s image and making cities livable and sustainable better than “good” or “fair” ratings. “Excellent” ratings had less understanding of larger-head babies than “good” or “fair” ratings. The study could enhance appreciation of UGS’ social benefits to facilitate planning and management to meet residents’ expectations.
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Patel, Asmita, Grant M. Schofield, Gregory S. Kolt, and Justin W. L. Keogh. "Older adults’ evaluations of the standard and modified pedometer-based Green Prescription." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 1 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19007.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONThe Green Prescription is a primary care programme designed to increase physical activity in individuals with low activity levels. Older adults tend to engage in insufficient physical activity to obtain health-related gain. AIMTo examine participants’ ratings of the Healthy Steps intervention and to assess how participants rated the use of a pedometer-based Green Prescription in aiding their physical activity. METHODSIn total, 330 community-dwelling older adults who have low levels of activity were randomised to receive either a standard time-based Green Prescription or a modified pedometer-based Green Prescription. Post-intervention, 259 participants completed the participant evaluation questionnaire via postal survey. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-squared analyses. RESULTSThe standard components of the Green Prescription (general practitioner consultations and telephone counselling) received similar and higher ratings across both allocation groups than the use of print materials. A pedometer-based Green Prescription was rated as being helpful in aiding physical activity. DISCUSSIONThis study supports the importance of general practitioners’ initial role in prescribing physical activity for older adults and of ongoing telephone support for longer-term adherence. Incorporating a pedometer can be effective in helping low-active older adults initiate and maintain regular physical activity.
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Neilson, Brittany, Martina Klein, Elizabeth Briones, and Curtis Craig. "The Importance of Water is in Question." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601101.
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Previous research has indicated that aquatic features in nature may have additional restorative potential. The present study assessed the perceived restorativeness for nature images that contained only aquatic features (no greenery) and compared them to images that contained only greenery (no water) and only urban environments (no water or greenery) instead of using images that had various proportions of water and greenery, as conducted in previous research. There were no significant differences in ratings on the short-version of Perceived Restorativeness Scale’s (PRS) for aquatic-only compared to green-only images, but both had superior ratings on the short PRS compared to urban images. Thus, our findings indicated that aquatic-only images may not increase restorative potential compared to green-only images, at least not as assessed by the short PRS. Future research needs to assess the restorative effect induced by aquatic-only and green-only nature scenery on cognitive performance.
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Pillay, Theogan Logan, and Akshay Kumar Saha. "Passive, Low-Energy Design and Green Star Strategy for Green Star-Rated Buildings in South Africa." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 9128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239128.
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Services surrounding green buildings are specialised and directed towards the process of design and comprise comprehensive and quantified management in its entirety. Implicitly, consultancies are unable to deliver this service at the standard and pace required in the preliminary stages of design, and not all clients or consultants will require the services to be essential. The main aim is to stabilise the several characteristics prompting one another to optimise design performance against the optimisation algorithms. Green Star is a universal evaluation tool, assessing not only green characteristics but also elements that influence wellbeing and occupant health, such as indoor environment quality. The tools for Green Star rating can be used to measure the green features of a building from the design phase right to the stage of site handover (known as “As-Built”). This paper refers, in the literature review, to the passive and low-energy design methods of a Green Star-rated building at early design stages. The “green” project management of a project is to coordinate multidisciplinary incorporation and to accompany the costing contribution tools presented in this paper. The passive and low-energy design tools discussed entails the amalgamation of electrical and mechanical services together with architecture, i.e., space layout and envelope design. This paper compares rationalised energy and indoor environment performance between two buildings against the activities and climatic conditions within a targeted Green Star-rated building. Proposals regarding 4- and 6-star ratings and techniques have been evaluated and presented for the two buildings.
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Dolezal, Franz, and Christina Spitzbart-Glasl. "Relevance of Acoustic Performance in Green Building Labels and Social Sustainability Ratings." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 1629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.241.
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Settle, D. M., J. D. Fry, G. A. Milliken, N. A. Tisserat, and T. C. Todd. "Quantifying the Effects of Lance Nematode Parasitism in Creeping Bentgrass." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1170.
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We compared photosynthesis and multispectral radiometry (MSR) measurements with visual quality ratings for assessment of feeding injury to creeping bentgrass caused by the lance nematode (Hoplolaimus galeatus) using artificially infested microplots and a naturally infested putting green. Nematode feeding resulted in negative visual and MSR effects on creeping bentgrass in microplots. Visual quality ratings were correlated more consistently with nematode densities than either individual MSR variables or factor models of MSR variables. Threshold estimates for H. galeatus population densities associated with unacceptable bentgrass quality in microplots varied widely by month and year. Similarly, the relationship between H. galeatus population density and turf health indicators (including MSR measurements, visual ratings, and net photosynthetic rate) varied with cultivar and management practice (irrigation frequency and mowing height) in the naturally infested putting green. Notably, negative effects of nematode feeding were not consistently associated with more stressful management practices, suggesting that stress avoidance is not a reliable deterrent to H. galeatus damage in creeping bentgrass. Damage thresholds for this nematode–host association are dynamic and should be used with caution.
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Wiggins, B. E., and L. L. Kinkel. "Green Manures and Crop Sequences Influence Potato Diseases and Pathogen Inhibitory Activity of Indigenous Streptomycetes." Phytopathology® 95, no. 2 (February 2005): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0178.
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A 2-year field trial was conducted to determine the effects of green manures and crop sequences on potato scab and Verticillium wilt. In addition, indigenous streptomycete densities and in vitro pathogen inhibitory activity were measured and their relationships to plant disease were determined. Green manures (buckwheat, canola, or fallow controls) were tested in conjunction with three crop sequences (alfalfa-potato, cornpotato, and potato-potato). Compared with fallow controls, tubers grown in buckwheat-treated soil had significantly lower Verticillium wilt ratings, and tubers grown in buckwheat- or canola-treated soil had greater yields. Potatoes grown in soil planted to corn or alfalfa the previous year had significantly lower Verticillium wilt and potato scab ratings as well as higher yields than potatoes grown in soil previously planted to potato. Streptomycetes from soils collected from green manure-treated plots tended to have greater in vitro pathogen inhibitory activity than streptomycetes from fallow-treated plots. Furthermore, streptomycete pathogen inhibitory activity was frequently negatively correlated with plant disease and positively correlated with potato yield. These results indicate that green manure treatments may contribute to active management of the pathogen inhibitory activity of the streptomycete community to achieve plant disease control.
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Baldwin, C. M., H. Liu, L. B. McCarty, W. L. Bauerle, and J. E. Toler. "Response of Six Bermudagrass Cultivars to Different Irrigation Intervals." HortTechnology 16, no. 3 (January 2006): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.3.0466.
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A 2-year greenhouse study was conducted at Clemson University, Clemson, S.C., in 2003 and 2004 to determine drought responses of six bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars at four irrigation intervals. Cultivars selected from the 2002 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Bermudagrass Trial were `SWI-1012', `Arizona Common', `Tift No.3', `Tifsport', `Aussie Green', and `Celebration'. Treatments included 5-, 10-, and 15-day irrigation intervals plus a control (irrigated daily). Volumetric soil water content (VSWC) and evapotranspiration (ET) rates were recorded every 3 days. Turfgrass quality (TQ) was observed weekly and root weight was measured at the end of a 6-week study. `Aussie Green' and `Celebration' produced the highest TQ rating (>7) at week 4 when watered daily. After 4 weeks of the 5-day irrigation interval, all cultivars showed unacceptable quality ratings (<7). However, `Aussie Green' and `Celebration' were able to maintain an acceptable TQ rating (7), compared to `Arizona Common' (5.1) and `Tift No.3' (5.8) at week 2 (5-day treatment). `Celebration' produced 114% and 97% greater root weight than `Tifsport' and `Aussie Green', respectively, when pooled across all irrigation treatments. At the 15-day irrigation interval treatment, six bermudagrass cultivars pooled together produced 78%, 22%, and 11% greater root weight vs. control, 5-day, and 10-day treatments, respectively. When pooled for all treatments, `Aussie Green' and `Celebration' VSWC was 5% and 7% lower than `Tift No.3', and ET rates were 26% and 30% greater than `Arizona Common'. Based on these results, irrigating bermudagrass in 5-day intervals should be carefully monitored.
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Bhatta, N. M. K., Saripalli Bhavanishankar, and Deepak Chandrashekar. "Do Green Initiatives Make Business Sense? The Indian Case." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 17, no. 03 (May 2020): 2050017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877020500170.
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All nations globally are going through domestic and international pressures to become more responsible towards environment and climate change. This makes it imperative for the businesses in these countries to review and revitalize their green initiatives. This study is an attempt to examine the factors that drive the Indian firms to be involved in green initiatives. The findings of the study reveal that higher green ratings corresponded to higher productivity of firms. In addition, green products enabled firms to exhibit higher sales volumes while they charged price premiums. However, firms engaged in green processes were neither able to demonstrate higher sales volumes nor charge price premiums.
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Zhao, Hanyi, Yixiang Tian, Xiangyun Zhou, Luping Zhang, and Wei Meng. "Rating Regulatory Mechanism Effect Promotion under the Environmental Issuance Effects: Based on the Incentive Difference Hotelling Model." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105368.
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Issuance effects are regarded as one of the most important aspects referring to the regulatory guidelines of green corporate bond ratings. This paper developed a new incentive difference Hotelling model, considering four major factors, i.e., the direct effect of issuance, the indirect effect of issuance, the reputation of rating agencies and the regulatory penalties. In this model, how the direct effect and the indirect effect impact the dual rating mechanism and the integrated rating mechanism was discussed. Numerical experiments were conducted to explore the regulatory effects on the two defined mechanisms in different situations. The results demonstrate that under each mechanism, the direct and indirect effects of issuance indirectly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of regulation by increasing the environmental benefit information content in the rating information, and the indirect effect has a greater impact. Moreover, it provides specific recommendations for the design of a regulatory regime.
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Culbreath, A. K., B. L. Tillman, R. S. Tubbs, J. P. Beasley, R. C. Kemerait, and T. B. Brenneman. "Interactive Effects of Planting Date and Cultivar on Tomato Spotted Wilt of Peanut." Plant Disease 94, no. 7 (July 2010): 898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-7-0898.
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Field experiments were conducted at Gainesville and Marianna, FL in 2004 and 2005 in which severity of spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus, and pod yield were compared in six peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. The six cultivars included the moderately field resistant cultivars ANorden, C-99R, and Georgia Green; the highly field resistant cultivars AP-3 and DP-1; and the susceptible cultivar SunOleic 97R. There were four trials at each location, with four planting dates that ranged from late March to early June. Tomato spotted wilt severity in moderately resistant and susceptible cultivars was lower at Gainesville than at Marianna in both years in moderately resistant and susceptible cultivars. Trends in incidence for the two locations were less evident for AP-3 and DP-1. At Gainesville, there were few differences in tomato spotted wilt severity, and severity ratings were similar for Georgia Green and SunOleic 97R in two of four trials in 2004 and across all trials in 2005. At Marianna, severity ratings were lower for Georgia Green than for SunOleic 97R in six of the eight trials, and severity of tomato spotted wilt was lower for AP-3, C-99R, and DP-1 than for Georgia Green in all eight trials. In 2004, there was a trend toward decreasing severity ratings for Georgia Green and SunOleic 97R with later planting dates, but not for AP-3 or DP-1 at Marianna. Split-plot field experiments were also conducted at Tifton, GA in 2005 through 2007 in which incidence of tomato spotted wilt and pod yield were compared for peanut cultivars AP-3 and Georgia Green across planting dates ranging from late April through late May. Incidence of tomato spotted wilt was lower for AP-3 than for Georgia Green within each planting date of all years, and planting date effects were smaller in AP-3, if observed at all, than in Georgia Green. In most planting dates of all three trials, yields were higher for AP-3 than for Georgia Green. The relationships between yield and planting date were not consistent. These results indicate that the level of field resistance in AP-3 and DP-1 cultivars is sufficient to allow planting in late April without greatly increasing the risk of losses to tomato spotted wilt.
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Schalk, J. M., B. M. Shepard, and K. A. Stoner. "Response of Caterpillar Pests and the Parasite Diadegma insulare to Collard Cultivars and a Pyrethrin Insecticide." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.308.
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There were no differences in mortality, plant preference, or plant damage when diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) larvae were tested in no-choice and free-choice tests using leaf disks of resistant (`Green Glaze') or susceptible (`Vates', standard commercial cultivar) collards (Brassica oleracea Acephala group). No residuals of the pyrethrin insecticide Asana-XL (esfenvalerate) were detected 6 days after its application when DBM larvae were exposed to excised foliage for 72 hours. In a field test, more imported cabbage worm (ICW) (Pieris rapae L.) eggs were found on `Vates' treated with the insecticide than on nontreated Vates' or nontreated or treated `Green Glaze'. The fewest ICW, cabbage looper (CL) (Trichoplusia ni Hubner), and DBM larvae were found on the insecticide-treated cultivars. Fewer caterpillars were found on `Green Glaze' than Yates'. An additive effect of plant resistance and insecticide application lowered counts of DBM, ICW, and CL larvae. Percent parasitism of DBM by Diadegma insulare Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was lower on cultivars treated with the insecticide. Field plant damage ratings were higher for nontreated `Vates' and lowest for treated cultivars, but nontreated `Green Glaze' had a significantly lower feeding damage rating than nontreated `Vates'. Chemical name used: (S)-cyano (3-phenoxy phenyl) methyl-(S)-4 chloro-alpha (1-methylethyl) benzeneacetate [esfenvalerate (Asana-XL)].
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Guo, Ke, and Yongbo Yuan. "Research on Spatial and Temporal Evolution Trends and Driving Factors of Green Residences in China Based on Weighted Standard Deviational Ellipse and Panel Tobit Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 8788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178788.
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The development of green residences is crucial to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions of the construction industry. However, the study on the spatial distribution characteristics of green residences and its influencing factors has not attracted enough attention in the academic circles. Base on the panel database on the number of each star green residences and their driving factors at the municipal level from 2008 to 2016, this paper employed the Weighted Standard Deviational Ellipse model to reveal the spatial and temporal evolution features of green residences in China, creatively introduced an improved Gini coefficient (G′-score) to measure the green residences development in each city, and utilized the panel Tobit model and average marginal effect to identify the driving mechanisms and key factors of green residences from economy, society, the real estate market, policy and climate. The main conclusions show that: (1) China has formed a relatively stable and clear temporal and spatial evolution path since 2011, such as the center of gravity and coverage having moved to the west, and the direction of development trend having weakened; (2) China’s green residence is mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions, and the main direction layout is northeast–southwest; (3) the development of green residences is the result of the interaction of various factors, and the driving force of each factor varies greatly under the single action and the interaction; (4) the driving effects of the same factor on green residences with different star ratings are inconsistent in sign, magnitude, and significance, the same as for each factor under the same star rating.
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Prameswari, F. R., F. Rachamawati, I. P. A. Wiguna, and M. A. Rohman. "Importance and Performance Ratings Analysis for Implementation of Green Construction on Building Project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 799, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/799/1/012015.
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Li, Zhiyong, Ying Tang, Jingya Wu, Junfeng Zhang, and Qi Lv. "The Interest Costs of Green Bonds: Credit Ratings, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Certification." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 56, no. 12 (January 21, 2019): 2679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2018.1548350.
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Duc, Do Anh, Luu Huu Van, Vincent F. Yu, Shuo-Yan Chou, Ngo Van Hien, Ngo The Chi, Dinh Van Toan, and Luu Quoc Dat. "A dynamic generalized fuzzy multi-criteria croup decision making approach for green supplier segmentation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e0245187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245187.
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Supplier selection and segmentation are crucial tasks of companies in order to reduce costs and increase the competitiveness of their goods. To handle uncertainty and dynamicity in the supplier segmentation problem, this research thus proposes a new dynamic generalized fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) approach from the aspects of capability and willingness and with respect to environmental issues. The proposed approach defines the aggregated ratings of alternatives, the aggregated weights of criteria, and the weighted ratings by using generalized fuzzy numbers with the effect of time weight. Next, we determine the ranking order of alternatives via a popular centroid-index ranking approach. Finally, two case studies demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed dynamic approach. The applications show that the proposed appoach is effective in solving the MCGDM in vague environment.
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Rimi, Filippo, Stefano Macolino, and Bernd Leinauer. "Winter-applied Glyphosate Effects on Spring Green-up of Zoysiagrasses and ‘Yukon’ Bermudagrass in a Transition Zone." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (February 2012): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.131.
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In transitional environments, turf managers and sod producers of warm-season grasses face the issue of winter annual weeds that can dominate dormant turf stands through the winter until late spring. The use of glyphosate to control weeds in dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) has been well documented, but information is lacking about its effect on spring green-up of other warm-season grasses. A field study was conducted on two commercial sod farms in northern Italy (Expt. 1) to evaluate the effects of glyphosate applied on two different winter dates on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A second study was carried out at the experimental agricultural farm of Padova University (Expt. 2) to assess the effects of a winter application of glyphosate on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass and ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Each experiment was conducted from Jan. to June 2011, and glyphosate was applied at 1.1 kg·ha−1 on 8 and 21 Feb. in Expt. 1 and on 8 Feb. in Expt. 2. Spring recovery was evaluated by periodical visual ratings of green turf cover and by collecting normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs). Weed injury was visually evaluated on all plots 7 weeks after the 8 Feb. glyphosate application. The visual ratings of green cover were strongly and positively correlated with NDVI measurements. Glyphosate applied in February as a single treatment effectively controlled winter weeds in ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Expt. 1) and ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass (Expt. 2) without negatively affecting spring green-up. In contrast, spring green-up of ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Expt. 2) was delayed by the application of glyphosate.
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Tsuge, Takahiro, Yasushi Shoji, Koichi Kuriyama, and Ayumi Onuma. "Using a Choice Experiment to Understand Preferences for Disaster Risk Reduction with Uncertainty: A Case Study in Japan." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 4753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084753.
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With the increase in disasters due to climate change, there has been a growing interest in green infrastructures that utilize nature for disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, green infrastructures cannot completely protect against hazards. Therefore, this study investigates the public preference in Japan for DRR and its uncertainty using a survey-based choice experiment. The results showed that benefits were obtained from the increase in “success probability”, “reduction in human damage”, “reduction in property damage”, and “reduction in indirect damage”; however, the benefits obtained from additional improvements diminished. Moreover, the results of our analyses revealed that preferences for DRR and its uncertainty were heterogeneous among respondents, and the population segment that includes more women, older people, and more people who live in areas that may be directly affected by floods had higher ratings for “success probability” and relatively slightly lower ratings for “reduction in indirect damage”.
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Sadatsafavi, Hessam, John Walewski, and Michael Taborn. "PATIENT EXPERIENCE WITH HOSPITAL CARE - COMPARISON OF A SAMPLE OF GREEN HOSPITALS AND NON-GREEN HOSPITALS." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 1 (April 2015): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.1.169.
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Although the sustainability movement in the healthcare sector was initiated in response to ecological concerns, green hospitals are expected to outperform traditional hospitals on a variety of levels. The impacts of environmental quality on patients and caregivers are demonstrated in numerous studies. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the benefits of green hospitals with respect to different dimensions of patients' experiences. In this study, data from the public Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey is used to compare the performance of green hospitals with the average performance of traditional hospitals. This study included 19 green hospitals and found that patients hospitalized in green facilities reported overall higher ratings than those in traditional hospitals when compared to the average performance of traditional hospitals of similar sizes and locations. Additionally, patients in green hospitals were more likely to recommend the hospital to their friends and family. However, relationships between specific green building features and patient experiences were not identified in this study.
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Li, Yuan Yuan, Po Han Chen, David Ah Seng Chew, Chee Chong Teo, and You Quan Xu. "Project Management Factors Affecting Green Building Projects: Case Study of Singapore." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2346.
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Green Mark, a certification for Green Building (GB), has become a compulsory requirement for all new buildings in Singapore. The aim of this study is to explore the controllable critical project management factors of Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) firms for delivering Green Mark certified projects and examine how these factors can be useful. Based on three case projects in Singapore, the factors influencing the success of GB were identified. It was also observed that the higher ratings of the building projects, the more management factors should be given proper attention. The research findings could assist project managers in managing the overall project performance and successfully implementing Green Mark certified projects more effectively.
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Haryanti, Rinrin, Achmad Fahrudin, and Handoko Adi Susanto. "Study on the Suitability of Green Mussel (Perna viridis) Culture in North Sea Waters of Java, Ketapang Village, Tangerang District, Banten Province." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 8, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v8i3.15131.
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Green mussel is one of the fisheries resources have to be developed to prospective higheconomically valuable commodities .This is proportional to the nutrition beef , eggs and chicken .This indicates that green shell are mostly potential can be developed through the cultivation .The study is done at july until august sea north of java in 2019 , the village Ketapang , Mauk district , Tangerang , Banten .The data under the four station representing village ketapang waters .The methodology used by approaching purposive sampling method uses the data analysis by the ratings point .The village ketapang skoring waters that is both life and research sites support green shell that could be used as the green mussel cultivation .
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Bullough, John D., Peter R. Boyce, Andrew Bierman, Kathryn M. Conway, Kun Huang, Conan P. O’Rourke, Claudia M. Hunter, and Akiko Nakata. "Response to Simulated Traffic Signals Using Light-Emitting Diode and Incandescent Sources." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1724, no. 1 (January 2000): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1724-06.
Full textAbstract:
Simulated light-emitting diode (LED) traffic signals of different luminances were evaluated relative to incandescent signals of the same nominal color and at the luminances required by the specifications of the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Measurements were made of the reaction times to onset and the number of missed signals for red, yellow, and green incandescent and LED signals. Measurements also were made of subjects’ ability to correctly identify signal colors and of their subjective brightness and conspicuity ratings. All measurements were made under simulated daytime conditions. There were no significant differences in mean reaction time, percentage of missed signals, color identification, or subjective brightness and conspicuity ratings between simulated incandescent and LED signals of the same nominal color and luminance. Higher luminances were needed for the yellow and green signal colors to ensure that they produced the same reaction time, the same percentage of missed signals, and the same rated brightness and conspicuity as a red signal at a given luminance. Equations fitted to the reaction time data, the missed signals data, and the brightness and conspicuity ratings for the LED signals can be used to make quantitative predictions of the consequences of proposed changes in signal luminance for reaction time, brightness, and conspicuity.
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Green, Robert L., Grant J. Klein, Francisco Merino, and Victor Gibeault. "Influence of Fall-applied Treatments on Spring Transition of an Overseeded Bermudagrass Green." HortScience 39, no. 2 (April 2004): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.2.424.
Full textAbstract:
Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] greens across the southern United States are normally overseeded in the fall to provide a uniform green playing surface and tolerance to wear during winter bermudagrass dormancy. The spring transition from overseed grass back to bermudagrass is a major problem associated with overseeding because there can be a decline in putting green quality and playability. There have been recommendations, but relatively few published reports, on the effect of treatments associated with seedbed preparation and overseeding on bermudagrass spring transition. The objective of this 2-year study was to determine if spring transition of an overseeded `Tifgreen' bermudagrass green was influenced by fall-applied scalping level, chemical, and seed rate treatments. Treatment factors and levels were designed to reflect the range of practices used by golf course superintendents in the region at the time of the study. The green was located in the Palm Springs, Calif., area, which has relatively mild winters and a low desert, southern California climate. The first year of the study was from Sept. 1996 to July 1997 and the second year was from Sept. 1997 to July 1998. Scalping level treatments included a moderate and severe verticut and scalp; chemical treatments included a check, trinexapac-ethyl at two rates, and diquat; and seed rate treatments included a high and low rate of a mixture of `Seville' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and `Sabre' rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.). The plot was maintained under golf course conditions and a traffic simulator was used to simulate golfer traffic. Visual ratings of percent green bermudagrass coverage were taken every 3 weeks from 20 Feb. 1997 to 29 July 1997 and from 11 Nov. 1997 to 22 July 1998. Visual turfgrass quality ratings were taken during the second year of the study. Results showed that spring transition was not influenced by fall-applied treatments during both years. Also, visual turfgrass quality was not influenced during the second year. Chemical names used: [4(cyclopropyl-αhydroxy-methylene) -3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl); 9,10-dihydro-8a-, 10a-diazoniaphenanthrene (diquat).