Journal articles on the topic 'Green hydrogen production'
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Sidorenko, Alexander, Nina Kutkina, Nadezhda Nazarova, and Veniamin Brykin. "Hydrogen production and green chemistry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 042009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/4/042009.
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Abstract This paper presents a study on the production of hydrogen and “green chemistry”. The introduction introduces the terminology and historical data, followed by the defining principles that describe hydrogen production methods using natural gas, coal, water and biomass as feedstock. Some basics of “green chemistry” are also given. The next section provides an analysis of all hydrogen production methods, the results of the analysis are recorded in a table that allows you to identify the most environmentally friendly solutions. In the conclusion it is stated that the results of the study indicated in the table make it possible to assess the compliance of each of the 13 methods for producing hydrogen with the principles of “green chemistry”, and the assessment and comments do not take into account the economic component of technologies, the main emphasis is on environmental protection.
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Dincer, Ibrahim. "Green methods for hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 2 (January 2012): 1954–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.173.
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Zhang, Liping, and Anastasios Melis. "Probing green algal hydrogen production." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1426 (October 29, 2002): 1499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1152.
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The recently developed two–stage photosynthesis and H 2 –production protocol with green algae is further investigated in this work. The method employs S deprivation as a tool for the metabolic regulation of photosynthesis. In the presence of S, green algae perform normal photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation and oxygen production. In the absence of S, normal photosynthesis stops and the algae slip into the H 2 –production mode. For the first time, to our knowledge, significant amounts of H 2 gas were generated, essentially from sunlight and water. Rates of H 2 production could be sustained continuously for ca . 80 h in the light, but gradually declined thereafter. This work examines biochemical and physiological aspects of this process in the absence or presence of limiting amounts of S nutrients. Moreover, the effects of salinity and of uncouplers of phosphorylation are investigated. It is shown that limiting levels of S can sustain intermediate levels of oxygenic photosynthesis, in essence raising the prospect of a calibration of the rate of photosynthesis by the S content in the growth medium of the algae. It is concluded that careful titration of the supply of S nutrients in the green alga medium might permit the development of a continuous H 2 –production process.
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Ourya, I., and S. Abderafi. "Technology comparison for green hydrogen production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1008, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1008/1/012007.
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Abstract Because of greenhouse gas emissions generated by fossil fuels, it has become essential to find non-polluting alternatives. Hydrogen is generally produced from the steam methane reforming (SMR) process which generates a lot of greenhouse gases. However, there are many other processes to produce hydrogen that are cleaner and should be of interest. This study aims at comparing different existing technologies to produce hydrogen in a clean and non-polluting way, in particular biological and thermochemical processes from biomass and water splitting processes. Their comparison is made by analyzing several parameters such as the type of raw materials, energy sources, efficiency, waste generation, CO2 emissions and, hydrogen production rate. Among the biological processes to produce hydrogen from biomass, dark fermentation seems to be the best due to its high production efficiency. Thermochemical processes are also interesting because of their maturity, but they generate a lot of waste such as tar and ashes. Water splitting processes coupled with renewable energy have the advantage of being zero greenhouse gas generating. The electrolysis is the best from the point of view of production efficiency which reaches 80%.
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Mosca, Lorena, Jose Antonio Medrano Jimenez, Solomon Assefa Wassie, Fausto Gallucci, Emma Palo, Michele Colozzi, Stefania Taraschi, and Giulio Galdieri. "Process design for green hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 12 (March 2020): 7266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.206.
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Hossein Ali, Yousefi Rizi, and Donghoon Shin. "Green Hydrogen Production Technologies from Ammonia Cracking." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 8246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218246.
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The rising technology of green hydrogen supply systems is expected to be on the horizon. Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy source with the highest energy content by weight among the fuels and contains about six times more energy than ammonia. Meanwhile, ammonia is the most popular substance as a green hydrogen carrier because it does not carry carbon, and the total hydrogen content of ammonia is higher than other fuels and is thus suitable to convert to hydrogen. There are several pathways for hydrogen production. The considered aspects herein include hydrogen production technologies, pathways based on the raw material and energy sources, and different scales. Hydrogen can be produced from ammonia through several technologies, such as electrochemical, photocatalytic and thermochemical processes, that can be used at production plants and fueling stations, taking into consideration the conversion efficiency, reactors, catalysts and their related economics. The commercial process is conducted by using expensive Ru catalysts in the ammonia converting process but is considered to be replaced by other materials such as Ni, Co, La, and other perovskite catalysts, which have high commercial potential with equivalent activity for extracting hydrogen from ammonia. For successful engraftment of ammonia to hydrogen technology into industry, integration with green technologies and economic methods, as well as safety aspects, should be carried out.
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Mohamed Elshafei, Ali, and Rawia Mansour. "Green Hydrogen as a Potential Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Review." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i2257.
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Hydrogen is one of the types of energy discovered in recent decades, which is based on the electrolysis of water in order to separate hydrogen from oxygen. These include grey hydrogen, black hydrogen, blue hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, turquoise hydrogen, and green hydrogen. Generally, hydrogen can be extracted from a variety of sources, including fossil fuels and biomass, water, or a combination of the two. Green hydrogen has the potential to be a critical enabler of the global transition to sustainable energy and zero-emissions economies. Worldwide, there is unprecedented momentum to realize hydrogen's long-standing potential as a clean energy solution. Green hydrogen is a carbon-free fuel and the source of its production is water, and the production processes witness the separation of its molecules from its oxygen counterpart in the water by electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Green hydrogen is one of the most important sources of clean energy, which may be why it is called green hydrogen. It is a clean source of energy, and its generation is based on renewable energy sources, so no carbon gases are released during its production. Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis becomes a promising and tangible solution for the storage of excess energy for power generation and grid balancing, as well as the production of decarbonized fuel for transportation, heating, and other applications, as we shift away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energies. Green hydrogen is being produced in countries all over the world because it is one of the solutions to reducing carbon emissions, and it is clean, environmentally friendly energy that is derived from clean renewable energy. However, due to the combination of renewable generation and low-carbon fuels, projects for the production of green hydrogen are very expensive. The goal of this review is to highlight the various types of hydrogen, with a focus on the more practical green hydrogen.
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Seadira, Tumelo, Gullapelli Sadanandam, Thabang Abraham Ntho, Xiaojun Lu, Cornelius M. Masuku, and Mike Scurrell. "Hydrogen production from glycerol reforming: conventional and green production." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 695–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0064.
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Abstract The use of biomass to produce transportation and related fuels is of increasing interest. In the traditional approach of converting oils and fats to fuels, transesterification processes yield a very large coproduction of glycerol. Initially, this coproduct was largely ignored and then considered as a useful feedstock for conversion to various chemicals. However, because of the intrinsic large production, any chemical feedstock role would consume only a fraction of the glycerol produced, so other options had to be considered. The reforming of glycerol was examined for syngas production, but more recently the use of photocatalytic decomposition to hydrogen (H2) is of major concern and several approaches have been proposed. The subject of this review is this greener photocatalytic route, especially involving the use of solar energy and visible light. Several different catalyst designs are considered, together with a very wide range of secured rates of H2 production spanning several orders of magnitude, depending on the catalytic system and the process conditions employed. H2 production is especially high when used in glycerol-water mixtures.
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Jacobs, Trent. "Understanding the Barriers to Offshore Green-Hydrogen Production." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1021-0031-jpt.
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The stage is set to begin making “green” hydrogen from the world’s abundant supply of seawater. But whether this niche-within-a-niche can stand on its own and become a competitive energy source remains uncertain. Today, only about 1% of man-made hydrogen is considered to be green, and not a single atom of it is produced offshore. In the offshore concept, the green label will be earned by splitting the hydrogen out of desalinated seawater with electrolyzers that run on renewable wind energy. This represents an opportunity for oil and gas companies to not just lower their carbon footprints, but to leverage billions of dollars’ worth of existing offshore infrastructure. Their platforms can host the electrolyzers. Their pipelines can transfer the product to shore. They may even be able to power their offshore facilities using the hydrogen produced at sea. Offshore producers should also have no problem finding a market. PriceWaterhouseCoopers said in a report from last year that green-hydrogen exports could be worth $300 billion annually by 2050, supporting some 400,000 jobs globally. However, the first set of offshore pilots are still in planning mode. It will take a few more years to assess the results once they start up. That means we may not know if offshore hydrogen is commercially viable until decade’s end. Some of the biggest barriers that must be overcome were highlighted by a panel of leading hydrogen experts at the recent Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in Houston. Green Hydrogen in the Red “The major hurdle is still the cost,” explained René Peters. “The cost of hydrogen production with electrolysis is still extremely high compared to gray- and blue-hydrogen production.” Peters is the business director at the Dutch technology group TNO which is one of a dozen partners trying to launch PosHYdon, the pilot for offshore hydrogen production. Startup is expected by early 2023 on a normally unmanned oil and gas platform operated by independent oil and gas company Neptune Energy. Peters’ comments on cost were not relegated to the offshore aspect since all green hydrogen is made onshore today. In terms of tipping point for profitability, these are the relevant benchmarks.
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DEGUCHI, Masaya, Kentaro SHIKATA, Hisaki YAMAUCHI, Kohei INOUE, and Kenichiro KOSAKA. "Economic Evaluation of Green Hydrogen Production System." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2021.25 (2021): C231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2021.25.c231.
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Parkinson, Gerald. "Green hydrogen production: a work in progress." IEEE Engineering Management Review 34, no. 4 (2006): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2006.261407.
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Tao, Meng, and Joseph A. Azzolini. "(Invited) Engineering Challenges in Green Hydrogen Production Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391732mtgabs.
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Today, hydrogen is overwhelmingly produced through natural gas reforming which involves significant carbon emissions. Green hydrogen production from water and renewable energy promises over 80% reduction in carbon emission, but the technology for large-scale (megawatt to gigawatt) solar- or wind-powered hydrogen production has yet to be developed. Technical barriers for green hydrogen production include engineering challenges associated with coupling direct-current (DC) solar power with DC electrolyzers as well as the low capacity factors due to intermittent solar and wind power. In this talk we will analyze three approaches for solar-powered electrolysis: 1) coupling a solar array and an electrolyzer through alternating current; 2) DC to DC coupling through a DC/DC power converter; and 3) direct DC to DC coupling without a power converter. We will also introduce the concept of maximum current point tracking (MCPT) and compare it with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for solar-powered electrolysis. MPPT is practically used in all solar systems today except those direct-coupled systems, but MCPT is required to maximize the hydrogen output of a solar electrolyzer. We will also propose a solar + wind electrolytic hydrogen production system to improve the capacity factor of the electrolyzer to about 50% from 20% for a solar-only system.
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Dubini, Alexandra. "Green energy from green algae: Biofuel production from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Biochemist 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03302020.
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Looking for alternative ‘green’ energy technologies? Don't look too far! Microalgae are all around us and are being used, processed and packaged for different applications, from food to pharmaceutical products and now to generate renewable green energy such as hydrogen, biodiesel and other biofuels. Microalgae in general and green algae in particular have been studied for decades with the objective of utilizing their photosynthetic capacity and their ability to adapt to changing environment and nutrient conditions as a source of a variety of products. A new era has arrived where these functions are now being examined and targeted to efficiently convert solar energy into useful carbon-based fuels and chemical precursors (alkane, ethylene), as well as gas (hydrogen) or lipid-based storage compound such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) for biodiesel application.
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Volchyn, I. A., Vladyslav Rashchepkin, and Danylo Cherervatskyi. "Green ammonia production for green deal of Ukraine." Problems of General Energy 2022, no. 1-2 (May 22, 2022): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2022.01-02.127.
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Ukraine's Green Energy Transition by 2050 involves a number of energy transformations in the economy, including decarbonisation, fossil fuel abandonment and the further development of renewable energy sources (RES). For a long-term storage of energy generated by RES, the chemical systems are most suitable that convert electricity into chemical energy of such types of fuels like hydrogen and ammonia, which after being burnt do not produce emissions of carbon monoxide and oxide, sulfur dioxide, or dust. Ammonia manufacturers that use traditional production technology are being themselves large consumers of fossil fuels and electricity and emit hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide. An ecological alternative is the synthesis of green ammonia based on the electrolytic production of hydrogen using electricity produced by RES. But this option requires a lot of electricity. In the context of Ukraine, with an annual demand for the production of 5 million tons of carbon-free ammonia, the required consumption of electricity amounts to 55 billion kWh. To obtain green ammonia in Ukraine, it is necessary to dramatically increase the scope of nuclear power plants and RES capacities, while abandoning the use of coal-fired power plants. Decentralized production of green ammonia can become an effective regulator of electric power in the power system without restrictions on the operation of nuclear power plants and RES. The start of this production will come after the development of synthesis technologies of green ammonia and the expiration of RES preferences in the energy market of Ukraine. Keywords: ammonia, carbon dioxide, emission, electricity, RES, demand-side load regulation.
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Dinh, Van Thinh. "Experiences in long-term operation of a green hydrogen production plant using wind power in Germany - a possible model for Vietnam." Petrovietnam Journal 12 (December 28, 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2021.12-06.
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Hydrogen is considered as "the green fuel of the 21st century" and forecasted to play a leading role in the energy transition. The article introduces the processes of green hydrogen production in Energiepark Mainz, the first wind power hydrogen production plant with a capacity of 6 MW in Germany. The article describes the production, storage, transportation, and consumption (gas, fuel for bus and industries) of green hydrogen through the continuous operation of the plant. Based on that, the author analyses opportunities and challenges when applying Energiepark Mainz's model to the green hydrogen production strategy in Vietnam.
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Sedai, Ashish, Rabin Dhakal, Shishir Gautam, Bijaya Kumar Sedhain, Biraj Singh Thapa, Hanna Moussa, and Suhas Pol. "Wind energy as a source of green hydrogen production in the USA." Clean Energy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac075.
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Abstract The study incorporates an overview of the green hydrogen-production potential from wind energy in the USA, its application in power generation and the scope of substituting grey and blue hydrogen for industrial usage. Over 10 million metric tons of grey and blue hydrogen is produced in the USA annually to fulfil the industrial demand, whereas, for 1 million metric tons of hydrogen generated, 13 million metric tons of CO2 are released into the atmosphere. The research aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the green hydrogen technology value chain and a case study on the production of green hydrogen from an 8-MW wind turbine installed in the southern plain region of Texas. This research estimates that the wind-farm capacity of 130 gigawatt-hours is required to substitute grey and blue hydrogen for fulfilling the current US annual industrial hydrogen demand of 10 million metric tons. The study investigates hydrogen-storage methods and the scope of green hydrogen-based storage facilities for energy produced from a wind turbine. This research focuses on the USA’s potential to meet all its industrial and other hydrogen application requirements through green hydrogen.
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Nguyen, Van Nhu, and Nhu Tung Truong. "Technologies for production of green hydrogen and hydrogen based synthetic fuels." Petrovietnam Journal 12 (December 28, 2021): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2021.12-03.
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Hydrogen is an essential material/fuel for industry and energy conversion. The processes for producing hydrogen depend on the raw materials and energy source used. In terms of climate impacts, the most promising hydrogen production method is water electrolysis. The regenerative electrolysis process depends on the carbon intensity of the electricity and the efficiency of converting that electricity into hydrogen. The development of technologies to extract hydrogen (from conventional and renewable resources) tends to optimise the water electrolysis process using renewable energies by extending material durability, increasing performance efficiency, and reducing precious metal contents in catalysts, thereby lowering the production costs. The article introduces the latest advances in green hydrogen production technologies using renewable energies, particularly focusing on water and seawater electrolysis, combining electrolysis and solar energy as well as hydrogen-based synthetic fuel production, hydrogen production from biomass and biogas.
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Mantilla, Sebastián, and Diogo M. F. Santos. "Green and Blue Hydrogen Production: An Overview in Colombia." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238862.
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Colombia, a privileged country in terms of diversity, availability of natural resources, and geographical location, has set a roadmap for hydrogen as part of the energy transition plan proposed in 2021. To reduce its emissions in the mid-term and foster its economy, hydrogen production should be green and blue, with specific targets set for 2030 for the hydrogen costs and produced quantities. This work compares the state-of-the-art production of blue and green hydrogen and how Colombia is doing in each pathway. A deeper analysis considers the advantages of Colombia’s natural resources, the possible paths the government could follow, and the feedstock’s geographical location for hydrogen production and transportation. Then, one discusses what may be the next steps in terms of policies and developments to succeed in implementing the plan. Overall, it is concluded that green hydrogen could be the faster, more sustainable, and more efficient method to implement in Colombia. However, blue hydrogen could play an essential role if oil and gas companies assess the advantages of carbon dioxide utilization and promote its deployment.
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Soloveichik, Grigorii L. "(Invited) Green Hydrogen Technologies: Status and Trends." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391729mtgabs.
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There is growing societal consensus that hydrogen is an absolutely necessary part of energy portfolio to reach the COP26 goal to secure global net-zero by mid-century. Hydrogen will play a major role in hard to decarbonize sectors such as industrial (production of steel, cement, and chemicals including ammonia) and heavy-duty, long-haul transportation. By different estimations, hydrogen production volume will be anywhere from 240 to 800 million metric tons per year (MMTY). More realistic predictions are in the range 500 – 600 MMTY that is 7 – 8.5 times more than current global hydrogen production, which predominantly uses fossil fuels and emits around 830 MMTY of carbon dioxide. It is assumed that hydrogen produced by water splitting became predominant by 2050. With less than 0.1% of current global hydrogen production delivered from water electrolysis, electrolytic hydrogen has tremendous potential for growth. Two commercial (alkaline and PEM) and two emerging (SOEC and AEM) will be compared based on current status and trends of technology (catalysts, membranes, system manufacturability, and capital cost). These technologies could benefit from the integration with energy sources (e.g., nuclear power) or downstream utilization (e.g., ammonia production). Suitability of these technologies for exemplary environments with different energy inputs, electricity prices, and capacity factors will be analyzed. In addition, the effect of different pathways for hydrogen delivery (pure and in the form of a hydrogen carrier) on the levelized cost of hydrogen will be considered. Development of advanced green hydrogen technologies including early stage research will be illustrated with projects funded by DOE Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA-E) and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell technologies Office (HFTO), and their role in DOE Hydrogen Program and Hydrogen Earthshot will be discussed.
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Mazumder, Gour Chand, SM Nasif Shams, Md Habibur Rahman, and Saiful Huque. "Production of Green Hydrogen in Bangladesh and its Levelized Cost." Dhaka University Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujase.v6i2.59220.
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Hydrogen is an excellent source of energy that can be burnt directly and used in fuel cells with no emission to environment. In recent years, green hydrogen has become a research interest in many developed and developing countries. The main barrier to this green fuel is the production cost. Production of hydrogen using solar photovoltaic (PV) powered water electrolysis process might reduce the production cost. This paper presents the determination of the Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) produced from a PV-based electrolysis plant which is built in Energy Institute, Dhaka University. The analysis uses LCOH and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methods to determine the production cost of hydrogen. HOMER Energy software has been used to determine the electricity cost. The plant's lifetime is assumed to be 25 years, with a discount rate of 5%. The Levelized electricity cost from the invested Solar PV plant is about BDT 37.92, and the pay back period is about four years. The electricity consumption of the hydrogen generating plant is 4225 kWh/year, and the amount of hydrogen yield is 128520 kg/year. It is found that the LCOH of green hydrogen is BDT 3.41/kg by LCOH method and BDT 6.79/kg by LCC. The determined cost is very competitive concerning the international market price which is about US$13.99/kg. If production cost becomes comparatively lower, Bangladesh could become a remarkable green hydrogen producer with a remarkable impact in the international market. The model and analysis might help to design, assess and implement such projects in Bangladesh and establish a green hydrogen economy. DUJASE Vol. 6 (2) 64-71, 2021 (July)
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Bairrão, Diego, João Soares, José Almeida, John F. Franco, and Zita Vale. "Green Hydrogen and Energy Transition: Current State and Prospects in Portugal." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010551.
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Hydrogen is a promising commodity, a renewable secondary energy source, and feedstock alike, to meet greenhouse gas emissions targets and promote economic decarbonization. A common goal pursued by many countries, the hydrogen economy receives a blending of public and private capital. After European Green Deal, state members created national policies focused on green hydrogen. This paper presents a study of energy transition considering green hydrogen production to identify Portugal’s current state and prospects. The analysis uses energy generation data, hydrogen production aspects, CO2 emissions indicators and based costs. A comprehensive simulation estimates the total production of green hydrogen related to the ratio of renewable generation in two different scenarios. Then a comparison between EGP goals and Portugal’s transport and energy generation prospects is made. Portugal has an essential renewable energy matrix that supports green hydrogen production and allows for meeting European green hydrogen 2030–2050 goals. Results suggest that promoting the conversion of buses and trucks into H2-based fuel is better for CO2 reduction. On the other hand, given energy security, thermoelectric plants fueled by H2 are the best option. The aggressive scenario implies at least 5% more costs than the moderate scenario, considering economic aspects.
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Geletukha, G. G., and Yu B. Matveev. "PROSPECTS OF BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 3 (October 8, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2021.8.
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Biogas upgrading to quality of natural gas (NG) creates possibility to supply biomethane to the NG grid, easy transportation and production of electricity and heat in locations where there is guaranteed consumption of thermal energy. Biomethane as a close NG analogue can be used for heat and electricity production, as soon as motor fuel and raw material for chemical industry.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the world's annual biomethane production potential is 730 bcm (20% of current world's NG consumption). World biomethane production reached almost 5 bcm/yr in 2019. According to forecast of the European Biogas Association the biogas and biomethane sector may almost double its production by 2030. According to IEA estimates, annual world biomethane production could reach 200 bcm in 2040 in case the sustainable development strategy is implemented
Currently, the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine estimates the potential for biogas/biomethane production in Ukraine using fermentation technology as 7,8 bcm/yr (25% of the country's current NG consumption). The roadmap of bioenergy development in Ukraine until 2050 envisages growth of biomethane production to 1,7 bcm in 2035 and up to 3 bcm in 2050.
Currently the prospects for green hydrogen development are well known. The authors support the need of hydrogen technologies as one of the way for production and use of renewable gases. However, they believe that biomethane has no less prospects.
Transporting of one cubic meter of biomethane through gas pipeline at 60 bar pressure transmits almost four times more energy than transporting of one cubic meter of hydrogen. This is fundamental advantage of biomethane. Another advantage is the full readiness of gas infrastructure for biomethane. Given the cost of gas infrastructure modernization to use hydrogen, it is more cost-effective to convert green hydrogen to synthetic methane.
Currently, biomethane is in average three times cheaper than green hydrogen, the cost of the two renewable gases is expected to equalize by 2050, and only further possible reduction in the cost of green hydrogen below $2/kg will make green hydrogen cheaper than biomethane. Therefore, the greatest prospects can be seen in the combination of the advantages of both renewable gases and conversion of green hydrogen into synthetic methane (power-to-gas process).
Authors believe that after adoption of legislation to support the development of biomethane production and use in Ukraine, the bulk of biomethane produced in the country will be exported to EU, where more favourable conditions for biomethane consumption are developed. As Ukraine's economy grows, more and more of the biomethane produced will be used for domestic consumption.
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Gondal, Irfan Ahmad, Syed Athar Masood, and Rafiullah Khan. "Green hydrogen production potential for developing a hydrogen economy in Pakistan." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 12 (March 2018): 6011–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.113.
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Kopteva, Alexandra, Leonid Kalimullin, Pavel Tcvetkov, and Amilcar Soares. "Prospects and Obstacles for Green Hydrogen Production in Russia." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030718.
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Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen ($14/kg), which is only a bit higher than its production cost ($12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support.
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Liu, Guoyue. "Forward perspective on the development and strategic pathway of green hydrogen in China." Clean Energy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac094.
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Abstract Fundamental transformations are taking place in the areas of energy structure on the supply side and on the energy-consumption side towards clean, low-carbon and safe energy. Furthermore, a new energy system is being constructed with renewable energy as its core in China with energy transition and ‘carbon peak and carbon neutral’ as the overall goal. China’s hydrogen-industry plan, ‘Mid-to-long term hydrogen industry development plan (2021–2035)’, has an emphasis on hydrogen generation by using renewable energies as the centre piece, which points in the right direction for hydrogen’s green development. In this paper, the current status of China’s hydrogen industry is analysed; strategic needs for green hydrogen’s development and its hurdles in its paths are sorted out. Integrated demonstration at provincial levels, development of a ‘great hydrogen base’ and the green-hydrogen development path by gradual substitution with renewable hydrogen are proposed. Scaled-up hydrogen production, expanded consumer hydrogen usage and established hydrogen commodity exchange are recommended to safeguard its development and promote its high-quality development in China.
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Bidin, Noriah, Siti Noraiza A. Razak, Siti Radiana Azni, Waskito Nguroho, Ali Kamel Mohsin, Mundzir Abdullah, Ganesan Krishnan, and Hazri Bakhtiar. "Effect of green laser irradiation on hydrogen production." Laser Physics Letters 11, no. 6 (April 16, 2014): 066001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-2011/11/6/066001.
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MELIS, A. "Green alga hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 27, no. 11-12 (November 2002): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00110-6.
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Segatz, J. "Production of Green Hydrogen Using Renewable Feedstock Glycerin." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 84, no. 8 (July 25, 2012): 1303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201250527.
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Moradpoor, Iraj, Sanna Syri, and Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio. "Green hydrogen production for oil refining – Finnish case." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 175 (April 2023): 113159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113159.
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Filimonova, Antonina, Andrey Chichirov, Natalya Chichirova, Artem Filimonov, and Alexandr Pechenkin. "Directions Of Hydrogen Power Development In Tatarstan Republic." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801074.
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Green hydrogen is a promising solution for a decarbonized energy system, and in 2020 the use of hydrogen has increased dramatically around the world. In order to draw attention to the problem of hydrogen energy in Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan, the article analyzes the development paths and main opportunities for the production, transportation, and use of hydrogen at the enterprises of Tatarstan, and calculates the economic efficiency of the “green” hydrogen production by electrolysis at TPPs with CCGTs in Tatarstan. METHODS. Research methods are based on the analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. RESULTS. Tatarstan, as one of the leading economically developed regions of Russia, could take part in the “green” hydrogen production, the electrochemical equipment design for its production, the development of technologies for the fuel cells use, research and training of highly qualified specialists in the field of hydrogen energy. According to the calculations, the production of the most environmentally friendly hydrogen at TPPs with CCGT in Tatarstan will currently cost an average of 2 euros per kilogram, which is significantly lower than the existing market value. CONCLUSION. Tatarstan can become a competitive region for the “green” hydrogen production and distribution. The main areas of activity should be the pure hydrogen production, the industrial production of freight transport on fuel cells, the production of megawatt-class electrolysers, the utilization of hydrogen-containing petroleum gases at TPPs in gas turbines or in combined cycle power plants with fuel cells.
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Ringsgwandl, Lena Maria, Johannes Schaffert, Nils Brücken, Rolf Albus, and Klaus Görner. "Current Legislative Framework for Green Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis Plants in Germany." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051786.
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(1) The German energy system transformation towards an entirely renewable supply is expected to incorporate the extensive use of green hydrogen. This carbon-free fuel allows the decarbonization of end-use sectors such as industrial high-temperature processes or heavy-duty transport that remain challenging to be covered by green electricity only. However, it remains unclear whether the current legislative framework supports green hydrogen production or is an obstacle to its rollout. (2) This work analyzes the relevant laws and ordinances regarding their implications on potential hydrogen production plant operators. (3) Due to unbundling-related constraints, potential operators from the group of electricity transport system and distribution system operators face lacking permission to operate production plants. Moreover, ownership remains forbidden for them. The same applies to natural gas transport system operators. The case is less clear for natural gas distribution system operators, where explicit regulation is missing. (4) It is finally analyzed if the production of green hydrogen is currently supported in competition with fossil hydrogen production, not only by the legal framework but also by the National Hydrogen Strategy and the Amendment of the Renewable Energies Act. It can be concluded that in recent amendments of German energy legislation, regulatory support for green hydrogen in Germany was found. The latest legislation has clarified crucial points concerning the ownership and operation of electrolyzers and the treatment of green hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier.
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Babachenko, О. I., О. S. Nesterov, and L. I. Garmash. "LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES IN BLAST-FURNACE PRODUCTION." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 35 (2021): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/10.52150/2522-9117-2021-35-34-54.
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In recent years more and more actively work has been carried out in the direction of decarbonization of metallurgical processes as part of an active «green» campaign to reduce energy intensity and harmful emissions. Metallurgy of the future is increasingly called hydrogen. The article presents an analysis of the main promising directions of the transition of the world ferrous metallurgy to waste-free and environmentally friendly technologies, carbon neutrality and the maximum reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The advantages and problems of «green» steel production are analyzed. An overview of pilot projects for the transition to carbon-free steel production at the world's largest metallurgical plants by using hydrogen instead of fossil fuels is given. The advantages and problems of using «gray», «green» and «blue» «carbon-neutral» hydrogen are analyzed. It is shown how the ideas about the role of hydrogen as a reducing agent in the blast furnace process were deepened and refined in the historical context in accordance with changes in the technology of blast furnace smelting and the contribution of ISI scientists to these studies. The main directions of modern developments in the field of decarbonization of metallurgical processes are given. The most promising are two areas of obtaining «green steel» currently - the injection of hydrogen into a blast furnace and the process of direct reduction of iron using hydrogen instead of fossil fuel. Investigations to determine the physicochemical regularities of the reduction processes in a blast furnace with the participation of hydrogen continue at the ISI at the present time. The results of laboratory studies of the influence of a reducing gas with a variable hydrogen content on the nature of the reduction of agglomerate and pellets in the «dry» zone of a blast furnace are presented.
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Filimonova, A. A., A. A. Chichirov, N. D. Chichirova, A. G. Filimonov, and A. V. Pechenkin. "Prospects for the development of hydrogen power engineering in Tatarstan." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 6 (March 26, 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-6-79-91.
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PURPOSE. Consider the problems and ways of developing hydrogen energy in Russia and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Analyze the main opportunities for the production, transportation, use of hydrogen at the enterprises of Tatarstan. Calculate the economic efficiency of the production of "green" hydrogen by electrolysis at TPP with CCGT in Tatarstan. METHODS. Based on the analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. RESULTS. Green hydrogen is a promising solution for a decarbonized energy system, and 2020 saw an explosive focus on its use around the world. Tatarstan, as one of the leading economically developed regions of Russia, could take part in the production of "green" hydrogen, the design of electrochemical equipment for its production, the development of technologies for the use of fuel cells, scientific research and training of highly qualified specialists in the field of hydrogen energy. According to the calculations, the production of the most environmentally friendly hydrogen at TPPs with CCGT in Tatarstan will currently cost an average of 2 euros per kilogram, which is significantly lower than the existing market value. CONCLUSION. Tatarstan can become a competitive region for the production and distribution of "green" hydrogen. The main areas of activity should be the production of pure hydrogen, the industrial production of freight transport on fuel cells, the production of megawatt-class electrolysers, the utilization of hydrogen-containing petroleum gases at TPPs in gas turbines or combined cycles with fuel cells.
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TUDORACHE, V., M. MINESCU, N. ILIAS, and I. OFFENBERG. "FROM NATURAL GAS TO GREEN HYDROGEN." Neft i gaz, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2021-4.09.
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Since hydrogen usually exists on Earth as part of a compound, it has to be synthesized in specific processes in order to be used as a product or energy source. This can be achieved by different technical methods, and various primary energy sources, – both fossil and renewable fuels, in solid, liquid or gaseous form, – can be used in these technical production processes. Hydrogen has only a very low volumetric energy density, which means that it has to be compressed for storage and transportation purposes. The most important commercial storage method, – especially for end users, – is the storage of hydrogen as a compressed gas. A higher storage density can be achieved by hydrogen liquefaction. Novel materials-based storage media (metal hydrides, liquids or sorbents) are still at the research and development stage. The storage of hydrogen (for example, to compression or liquefaction) requires energy; work is, in present, on more efficient storage methods. Unlike electricity, hydrogen can be successfully stored in large amounts for extended periods of time. For example, in long-term underground storage facilities hydrogen can play an important role as a buffer store for electricity from surplus provided by renewable energies. At present, pure hydrogen is generally transported by lorry in pressurize gas containers, and in some cases also in cryogenic liquid tanks. Moreover, local/regional hydrogen pipeline networks are available in some locations. Another solution for storage and transportation are Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) that can use long pipe networks and ships. In the near future, the natural gas supply infrastructure or oil (transportation pipelines and underground storage facilities) could also be used, in specific conditions, for the storage and transportation of pure or blended hydrogen with methane. This could be essential for transition because most important primary energy source for hydrogen production currently is natural gas, at 71%, followed by oil, coal and electricity (as a secondary energy resource). Steam reforming (from natural gas) is the most commonly used method for hydrogen production. In this new light, the article explores the trend and prospects for hydrogen, presented in the literature, as a source of energy competing with gas and oil resources in the global energy system of the future.
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Jovan, David Jure, and Gregor Dolanc. "Can Green Hydrogen Production Be Economically Viable under Current Market Conditions." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 6599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246599.
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This paper discusses the potential of green hydrogen production in a case study of a Slovenian hydro power plant. To assess the feasibility and eligibility of hydrogen production at the power plant, we present an overview of current hydrogen prices and the costs of the power-to-gas system for green hydrogen production. After defining the production cost for hydrogen at the case study hydro power plant, we elaborate on the profitability of hydrogen production over electricity. As hydrogen can be used as a sustainable energy vector in industry, heating, mobility, and the electro energetic sectors, we discuss the current competitiveness of hydrogen in the heating and transport sectors. Considering the current prices of different fuels, it is shown that hydrogen can be competitive in the transport sector if it is unencumbered by various environmental taxes. The second part of the paper deals with hydrogen production in the context of secondary control ancillary service provided by a case study power plant. Namely, hydrogen can be produced during the time period when there is no demand for extra electric power within a secondary control ancillary service, and thus the economics of power plant operation can be improved.
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Perez, Rapha Julysses, Alan C. Brent, and James Hinkley. "Assessment of the Potential for Green Hydrogen Fuelling of Very Heavy Vehicles in New Zealand." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 2636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092636.
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This study examined the feasibility of green hydrogen as a transport fuel for the very heavy vehicle (VHV) fleet in New Zealand. Green hydrogen is assumed to be produced through water electrolysis using purely renewable energy (RE) as an electricity source. This study chose very heavy vehicles as a potential market for green hydrogen, because it is considered “low-hanging fruit” for hydrogen fuel in a sector where battery electrification is less feasible. The study assumed a large-scale, decentralized, embedded (dedicated) grid-connected hydrogen system of production using polymer electrolytic membrane (PEM) electrolysers. The analysis comprised three steps. First, the hydrogen demand was calculated. Second, the additional RE requirement was determined and compared with consented, but unbuilt, capacity. Finally, the hydrogen production cost was calculated using the concept of levelized cost. Sensitivity analysis and cost reduction scenarios were also undertaken. The results indicate an overall green hydrogen demand for VHVs of 71 million kg, or 8.5 PJ, per year, compared to the 14.7 PJ of diesel fuel demand for the same VHV travelled kilometres. The results also indicate that the estimated 9824 GWh of RE electricity that could be generated from consented, yet unbuilt, RE projects is greater than the electricity demand for green hydrogen production, which was calculated to be 4492 GWh. The calculated levelized hydrogen cost is NZD 6.83/kg. Electricity cost was found to be the most significant cost parameter for green hydrogen production. A combined cost reduction for CAPEX and electricity translates to a hydrogen cost reduction in 10 to 20 years.
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Duangjan, Kritsana, Watsamon Nakkhunthod, Jeeraporn Pekkoh, and Chayakorn Pumas. "Comparison of hydrogen production in microalgae under autotrophic and mixotrophic media." Botanica Lithuanica 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2017-0018.
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AbstractHydrogen is an alternative source of energy of considerable interest, because it is environmentally friendly. Biological hydrogen production processes involving green microalgae are of significant interest. However, until present only few microalgae genera have been studied and almost all of those studies have focused only on cultivation using mixotrophic or heterotrophic media, which are expensive, and can be easily contaminated. This study aimed to compare the potential of biohydrogen production from novel green microalgae under autotrophic and mixotrophic media. A total of ninety strains of six orders of green microalgae were investigated for their capabilities of hydrogen production. The results showed that eleven novel hydrogen-producing microalgae genera were found. The hydrogen production in each order was influenced by the medium. Moreover, several strains presented notable levels of autotrophic hydrogen production and performed at over twice of the mixotrophic medium. These results should be supportive information for the selection and cultivation of hydrogen-producing microalgae in further studies.
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Nefedova, Liudmila, Kirill Degtyarev, Sophia Kiseleva, and Mikhail Berezkin. "Prospects for green hydrogen production in the regions of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126504011.
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The article discusses the possibilities of hydrogen production using renewable energy sources in Russia for energy storage and for export. The global trends in the development of green hydrogen energy reducing the CO2 emission are highlighted. The analysis of the potential for hydrogen production in regions of Russia using electricity from operating wind power plants (WPPs), as well as wind power projects planned for construction until 2024 has been carried out.
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Abdurakhmanov, A., Yu Sabirov, S. Makhmudov, D. Pulatova, T. Jamolov, N. Karshieva, and Sh Ochilov. "Hydrogen production using solar energy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042042.
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Abstract Our paper presents a method for producing green hydrogen by electrolysis of water using solar energy. The required electrical energy for electrolysis of water is obtained from the radiant energy of the sun using a 10 kW photovoltaic station, assembled from individual photovoltaic panels with dimensions 1x2 m in the amount of 30 pcs. FES consists of 30 modules and each of them is checked with an infrared camera during operation in order to check the operability of each element. Comparative characteristics of the current of formation in the electrolyzer of aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium alkalis are given.
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Kanwal, Fariha, and Angel A. J. Torriero. "Biohydrogen—A Green Fuel for Sustainable Energy Solutions." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207783.
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Energy plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of modern nations. Today, hydrogen is considered the most promising alternative fuel as it can be generated from clean and green sources. Moreover, it is an efficient energy carrier because hydrogen burning only generates water as a byproduct. Currently, it is generated from natural gas. However, it can be produced using other methods, i.e., physicochemical, thermal, and biological. The biological method is considered more environmentally friendly and pollution free. This paper aims to provide an updated review of biohydrogen production via photofermentation, dark fermentation, and microbial electrolysis cells using different waste materials as feedstocks. Besides, the role of nanotechnology in enhancing biohydrogen production is examined. Under anaerobic conditions, hydrogen is produced during the conversion of organic substrate into organic acids using fermentative bacteria and during the conversion of organic acids into hydrogen and carbon dioxide using photofermentative bacteria. Different factors that enhance the biohydrogen production of these organisms, either combined or sequentially, using dark and photofermentation processes, are examined, and the effect of each factor on biohydrogen production efficiency is reported. A comparison of hydrogen production efficiency between dark fermentation, photofermentation, and two-stage processes is also presented.
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Lu, Xihong, Shilei Xie, Hao Yang, Yexiang Tong, and Hongbing Ji. "Photoelectrochemical hydrogen production from biomass derivatives and water." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 22 (2014): 7581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60392j.
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IONESCU, Mihaela. "EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA. ECONOMIC SCIENCES 30, no. 2 (December 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes30(2)003.
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In this article the author presents some aspects of the hydrogen market, this fuel is essential to support the European Union’s commitment to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. In 2020, the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has given a boost by speeding up the global long-term challenge of climate change, with more and more countries committing to achieving “zero net” emissions. The energy system in the single internal market is responsible for 75% of greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Green Deal Pact. In the context of the crisis caused by the Pandemic Corona, the European Commission issued the Hydrogen Strategy in which it provided for an investment plan in green energy with the aim of economic recovery in Europe. In this sense, green hydrogen can be the fuel that contributes to reducing energy costs at European level. Decarbonisation leads to a significant increase in the role of electricity, which can cover the demand of over 50% of final energy by 2050, compared to about 20% today. Hydrogen contributes to the security of energy supply by reducing dependence on the import of fossil energy and natural gas. Thus, the diversification of energy supply takes place by facilitating the implementation of renewable energy sources. This is assessed by the estimation of imported fossil fuels that will be replaced by hydrogen based on domestic renewable sources. Green hydrogen can be obtained from clean energy where investments in renewable energy, whose prices are falling, and innovation are a viable solution for the green economy. Hydrogen does not emit greenhouse gases and does not pollute the air when used. In Romania, the potential for renewable energy production is estimated to be almost ten times higher in 2030 than at present, which creates a significant opportunity to use some of this potential in the production of hydrogen that can replace fossil fuels.
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Yu, Minli, Ke Wang, and Harrie Vredenburg. "Insights into low-carbon hydrogen production methods: Green, blue and aqua hydrogen." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 41 (June 2021): 21261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.016.
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zhang, Li-min, and Rong-hu zhang. "The conception and countermeasures of "green hydrogen" industrial chain in Chengdu area." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602018.
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With the application of hydrogen energy in the world, photovoltaic hydrogen producton industry has been ignited rapidly. Many Chinese governments and companies are producing hydrogen, often called "green hydrogen", from renewable sources. Japan, Germany. The Netherlands, Australia, Canada and other countries have carried out research or investment in large-scale photovoltaic hydrogen production projects. This article takes the hydrogen energy planning of Chengdu, Sichuan Province as the lead, and combines the actual conditions of the Ganzi region to discuss the feasibility of using photovoltaic power generation to produce hydrogen to support the development of the hydrogen energy industry in Chengdu under the conditions of abundant photovoltaic resources and no transmission.
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A. Balabel, Munner s. Aloaimi, Marwan S. Alrehaili, Abdullah Omar Alharbi, Mohammed M, Alshareef, and Hisham Alharbi. "Potential of solar hydrogen production by water electrolysis in the NEOM green city of Saudi Arabia." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 029–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.8.1.0133.
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Green hydrogen is one of the new and promising renewable energy sources, and there is a growing recognition that hydrogen will be the fuel of the future. While numerous methods may be used to manufacture hydrogen, only a few of them are ecologically benign. It is argued that solar hydrogen generated from water using solar energy is a leading candidate for renewable energy. Also, one of the most critical challenges facing green hydrogen is its production as an environmentally safe energy source. Moreover, there are several ways to produce it, including through solar panels alone. In this research, a review will be made of the most important research that has studied the production of green hydrogen using solar energy alone or using different sources of renewable energy so that the system becomes a hybrid. The HOMER Pro program makes a technical study of many scenarios and selects the best ones. In this research, the focus was on hydrogen production in the city of NEOM in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, because it is one of the most important pillars of Saudi Arabia's vision of 2030, and it will be the largest exporter of green hydrogen in the world. The HOMER Pro program was used to simulate hydrogen production through solar panels distributed over 100 square meters, and the amount of hydrogen produced was measured and compared with other cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through simulation, it was concluded that the city of NEOM has high potential in the production of green hydrogen, due to several reasons, the most important of which is the amount of solar radiation falling on it, in addition to being close to a source of water for the process of hydrogen separation from water.
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Koo, Bonyoung, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Trends and perspectives of microbial electrolysis cell technology for ultimate green hydrogen production." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.10.383.
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Currently, gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen are widely recognized as renewable energy, but in reality, they are made from fossil fuels. The most important task to achieve the hydrogen-based society is the development of economic green hydrogen production technology. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a next-generation energy-producing wastewater treatment technology that treats renewable organic wastewater and simultaneously produces the ultimate green hydrogen. For hydrogen production in MFC, it is necessary to input electrical energy into MEC. However, that energy is all covered by the energy produced by the MEC. Therefore, hydrogen production in MEC can be defined as the ultimate green hydrogen. This review contains an in-depth summary and analysis of the principles and feasibility of MEC technology, the composition and shape of MEC, electrode materials, and practical application cases in various types of wastewaters. Furthermore, compatibility and scalability with other environmental systems were reviewed at the pilot scale. Based on this, the technical limitations of MEC were diagnosed and future research directions for the practical application of MEC technology were suggested.
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Hritsyshyna, Maryna, and Nataliia Hutarevych. "Legal Regulation of Hydrogen in Germany and Ukraine as a Precondition for Energy Partnership and Energy Transition." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 8331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248331.
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In August 2020, Germany and Ukraine launched an energy partnership that includes the development of a hydrogen economy. Ukraine has vast renewable energy resources for “green” hydrogen production and a gas transmission system for transportation instead of Russian natural gas. Based on estimates by Hydrogen Europe, Ukraine can install 8000 MW of total electrolyser capacity by 2030. For these reasons, Ukraine is among the EU’s priority partners concerning clean hydrogen, according to the EU Hydrogen strategy. Germany plans to reach climate neutrality by 2045, and “green” hydrogen plays an important role in achieving this target. However, according to the National Hydrogen Strategy of Germany, local production of “green” hydrogen will not cover all internal demand in Germany. For this reason, Germany considers importing hydrogen from Ukraine. To govern the production and import of “green” hydrogen, Germany and Ukraine shall introduce legal regulations, the initial analysis of which is covered in this study. Based on observation and comparison, this paper presents and compares approaches while exploring the current stage and further perspectives for legal regulation of hydrogen in Germany and Ukraine. This research identifies opportunities in hydrogen production to improve the flexibility of the Ukrainian power system. This is an important issue for Ukrainian energy security. In the meantime, hydrogen can be a driver for decarbonisation according to the initial plans of Germany, and it may also have positive impact on the operation of Germany’s energy system with a high share of renewables.
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Cheltybashev, A. A., and Ia M. Karachentseva. "Opportunities for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-93-103.
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THE PURPOSE. To analyze the perspectives for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region. To consider the possibility of implementing projects for producing "green" hydrogen for industrial using. METHODS. The method of analysis of literature sources in the field of hydrogen energy was used, as well as the method of generalizing the information obtained. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, studies the global trend towards the transition to "green" energy. The methods of producing hydrogen are considered. The most environmentally friendly and efficient method for the production of industrial hydrogen has been identified, and possible sources of its production have been considered. CONCLUSION. As a result of the analysis of the prospects for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region, the prerequisites for the production of "green" hydrogen on an industrial scale are revealed. Possible sources for its production are listed. The article provides an example of the implementation of a project to create an international scientific research station on the territory of the Murmansk region, where hydrogen fuel cells will be used.
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Garimella, Swetha, Archana Vimal, Ramchander Merugu, and Awanish Kumar. "Experimental Optimization of Green Hydrogen Production from Phototrophic Bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) 12, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190117142609.
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Background and Objective: This study utilizes Rhodobacter sphaeroides bacteria for the photoproduction of hydrogen under various cultural conditions. R. sphaeroides was isolated from sewage water. We have examined different carbon and nitrogen sources for hydrogen production and further established the conditions for optimum hydrogen production by R. sphaeroides. Methods: The cumulative hydrogen produced by the bacteria at various intervals of time was measured using a Gas Chromatograph. Initially, by classical one factor at a time method, it was found that Benzoate and Glycine promote higher amounts of hydrogen production under anaerobic light conditions after 96 h. Results: The production was also observed to be enhanced in the presence of growth factors B12. Further, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrogen production. The first level of optimization was done using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) followed by Central Composite Design (CCD) method. The maximum production of hydrogen achieved by BBD and CCD was 6.8 ml/30 ml and 8.12 ml/30 ml, respectively. The significant model predicted is a quadratic model with R2 value 0.9459. Conclusion: Moreover, work presented here suggests an environment-friendly approach of harvesting H2, which could meet energy demand as clean fuel via the green route.
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Hamukoshi, Simeon Shiweda, Neliswa Mama, Panduleni Penipawa Shimanda, and Natangue Heita Shafudah. "An overview of the socio-economic impacts of the green hydrogen value chain in Southern Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 33, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2022/v33i3a12543.
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The green hydrogen economy offers synthetic green energy with significant impacts and is environmentally friendly compared to current fossil-based fuels. Exploration of green hydrogen energy in Southern Africa is still in the initial stages in many low-resourced settings aiming to benefit from sustainable green energy. At this early stage, potential benefits to society are yet to be understood. That is why the socio-economic impact of green hydrogen energy must be explored. This paper reviews the current literatures to describe the potential socio-economic effects in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The review supports the view that green hydrogen will be beneficial and have great potential to revolutionise agricultural and industrial sectors, with advanced sustainable changes for both production and processing. This paper also examines how sustainable green hydrogen energy production in Southern Africa will provide economic value in the energy export sector around the world and support climate change initiatives. Further, it discusses the impacts of the green hydrogen value addition chain and the creation of green jobs, as well as the need for corresponding investments and policy reforms. It is also noted that the green hydrogen economy can contribute to job losses in fossil fuel-based industries, so that the workforce there may need re-skilling to take up green jobs. Such exchanges may deter efforts towards poverty alleviation and economic growth in SADC.