Journal articles: 'Green Cutting Fluid'

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Li, Yun Chao, Yu Hua Zhang, and Bo Sun. "High Speed Dry Cutting Technology Applications in Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.93.

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Green cutting processing technology is a kind of full consideration of the environmental and resource issues processing techniques, It requires throughout the process do to the environment pollution to the minimum and the utilization rate of the highest. In the machining process without any cutting fluid of dry cutting is control environmental pollution source of a green manufacturing process, it can have clean scraps, no pollution, save the cutting fluid and the processing of costs, can further reduce the production cost. Therefore, the future direction of the cutting process is not or with as little as you cutting fluids, and energetically develop on the ecological environment and human health negative effects of small, processing the superior performance of cutting fluids, and environmental work to completely harmless green cutting fluid development direction.

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Jiang, Zhi Gang, Hua Zhang, and Xiao Luo. "Study on the Cutting Technology Based on Green Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.158.

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Green Manufacturing is a sustainable development model in modern manufacturing. From the perspective of green manufacturing, the environmental impacts of cutting fluid in cutting process was analyzed, the design strategy without cutting fluid in green cutting technology was studied, and some measures on machine tool design and the thermal deformation reduction of workpiece and machine were presented.

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., Jagadish. "GREEN CUTTING FLUID SELECTION USING MOOSRA METHOD." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 15 (May 25, 2014): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0315105.

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Wu, C., and Xiao Ming Jia. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Environment-Friendly Cutting Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.172.

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Using environment-friendly cutting fluid in the process of metal cutting is one of the valid paths to carry out the green manufacturing. Using metacrylic acid ester, castor oil and boride as the main raw materials, a new type of environment-friendly water-base cutting fluid had been obtained. The main components of this cutting fluid are some kind of high molecular polymer and some kind of B-containing castor oil EP agents. The test results show that the cutting fluid has good stability, antirust property and biodegradability. The maximal non-chucking load value (PB) of the cutting fluid, whose consistency is 5%, can be 1068N. In the comparison with dry cutting, cutting force using environment-friendly cutting fluid is reduced by 23% in a certain condition. Using this cutting fluid can raise stock-removing efficiency and cutting quality, and extend the service life of cutting-tool. And this cutting fluid is harmless to operators and free from pollution to the environment. Expansion and application of the environment-friendly cutting fluid are advantageous to promote the development of the green manufacturing.

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Wu, Chao, Xiu Ling Zhang, and Xiao Ming Jia. "Study on Green Design and Biodegradability of B-Containing Water-Based Cutting Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.309.

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Cutting fluid occupies an important position in the metal processing. The performance and pollution problem brought to the environment of cutting fluid are paid attention to day by day. Proceed from the perspective of green design, using castor oil which has a good biodegradability, triethanolamine, boric acid and the sodium polyacrylate whose molecular weight is less than 2×104 as the main raw materials, a boron-containing water-based cutting fluid had been obtained. The performance of B-containing water-based cutting fluid are measured according to GB/T6144-1985 regulation which is the technical requirements of synthetic cutting fluid. And the biodegradability of mineral oil, castor oil, modified castor oil and B-containing water-based cutting fluid are measured by improved Storstroem Test (OECD301B). The test results show that the B-containing water-based cutting fluid has a good performance of physical and chemical. And the biodegradation rate of the cutting fluid is 87%, which indicates the cutting fluid has a good biodegradability.

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Zhang, Ju Lie, and P. N. Rao. "Green/Sustainable Manufacturing — Evaluation of a Soybean-Based Metal Cutting Fluid in Turning Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.925.

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Green manufacturing is a method in which products are produced by consuming less energy and natural resources and being safe to employees, consumers, environment and society. This paper presents an experimental study that compares the machining characteristics when a soy-based cutting fluid and petroleum-based alternate are used in turning medium and high carbon alloy steels. The result of the study will provide reference for cutting fluid management personnel to make proper decision to substitute traditional cutting fluids with the environment-friendly product.

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Zhong, Wei Wu, Dong Biao Zhao, Xi Wang, and Hui Yu. "Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Cutting Temperature Based on Cutting Fluid in High-Speed Machining." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2381.

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Green manufacturing is the theme of manufacturing industry in the 21st century. The environment can be seriously polluted by a large quantity of waste cutting fluid .In manufacturing industry, it’s critical to restrict the quantity of waste cutting fluid poured in the environment in order to assure a green earth. Cutting temperature has a major impact on processing quality. A stable cutting temperature means a high quality process. Cutting temperature is also a comprehensive embodiment of process state. In order to control cutting temperature in an appropriate level, an adaptive fuzzy control system is developed to control the flow of cutting fluid injected to machining tool and workpiece which can not only reduce the consumption of cutting fluid but also ensure process quality. Simulation and experiment results show that this control system can achieve the desired purpose.

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Katna, Rahul, Kanwarjeet Singh, Narayan Agrawal, and Swati Jain. "Green manufacturing—performance of a biodegradable cutting fluid." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 13 (May 10, 2017): 1522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2017.1328119.

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Ni, Jing, Kai Feng, Lihua He, Xiaofan Liu, and Zhen Meng. "Assessment of water-based cutting fluids with green additives in broaching." Friction 8, no. 6 (October 2, 2019): 1051–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0318-y.

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Abstract In order to improve the cutting performance in broaching, the lubrication and cleaning effects offered by water-based cutting fluids with green additives need to be studied from the viewpoint of green manufacturing. Therefore, water-based solutions with castor oil, surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, LAS), and nanographite were prepared by ultrasonic agitation and sprayed into the zone of broaching via atomization. The performances of the cutting fluids, in terms of the viscosity, specific heat, wetting angle, and droplet size, were evaluated to discuss their effects on the broaching load. Among the fluids, the addition of LAS into oil-in-water (WO-S), where its cutting fluid with 10 wt.% castor oil and 1.5 wt.% surfactant, exhibited the lowest broaching force. With regard to the lubricating and cleaning mechanisms, WO-S has good wettability and permeability, and hence, can lubricate the cutting edge of the tool to decrease the cutting load, cool the cutting edge to keep it sturdy, and clean the surface of the cutting edge to keep it sharp. The results reveal that the simultaneous addition of castor oil and LAS had remarkable effects on the lubrication and cleaning, and resulted in a broaching load reduction of more than 10% compared to commercial cutting fluids. However, the addition of nanographite could not improve the lubrication owing to its agglomeration.

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Lee, T. S., C. F. How, Y. J. Lin, and T. O. Ting. "An investigation of organic mixed coolant (Palm Olein) for green machining." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2011-0088.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate and contribute to a better understanding of cutting process characteristics using the proposed RBD Palm Olein-based organic mixed coolant. Design/methodology/approach – In this research, refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) Palm Olein is selected as the base oil for organic coolant and mixed coolant (base oil mixed with chemicals) to compare with the cutting performance of industrial water-soluble chemical (inorganic) coolant. Using coated carbide tool, JIS SS400 Mild Steel was tested in milling process. At fixed spindle speed, the relations between feed rate and depth of cut (DOC) on cutting temperature and surface roughness were investigated. Also, the dynamic viscosity, specific heat capacity and pH level for each coolant are taken into consideration. Findings – As predicted, cutting fluid with lower viscosity removes more heat. The cutting temperature increased with increasing feed rate and DOC. However, surface roughness increased with increasing feed rate but decreased with increasing DOC. From the data gathered, the proposed RBD Palm Olein-based organic mixed coolant showed better heat removal properties than organic coolant and it produced a far better machined surface than inorganic coolant. Originality/value – Overall, the proposed organic mixed coolant has shown great potential to be a good cutting fluid when balance between cooling properties and lubricity, and consistent quality of cutting fluids are sought to produce environmental friendly quality workpiece.

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Ghuge, Nilesh C., and Dattaraya D. Palande. "The Emergence of MQL with vegetable oil as a green manufacturing technique: A Review." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 01 (March 25, 2022): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v14i01.11.

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For every manufacturing industry, product rejection is not tolerable. Productivity suffers because of rejection, material cost, and labor cost increases. Cutting fluids are used to protect the tool and work-piecework-piece from the damaging effects of high temperatures and poor surface finishes. Cutting fluids are used as lubricating and cooling agents. Due to cost constraints, most small-scale industries in developing nations employ conventional flood lubrication systems, resulting in increased exposure to dangerous chemicals and environmental issues. As a result of increased health concerns and rigorous government regulations, innovative methods to decrease or remove harmful cutting fluid have been developed. In this review paper, three approaches are considered while surveying the literature. Hazardous effects of the cutting fluids; comparison of dry, flood, and MQL cutting; and performance of the cutting fluids prepared using vegetable oil. It is found that vegetable oil with minimum quantity lubrication under different machining conditions gives better performance and reduces health hazards.

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Gandhi, Mohd Asif I. "Review on Performance Evaluation of Machining Characteristics using Vegetable-based Cutting Fluids – An approach towards Green Manufacturing." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 6358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.3160.

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Lubricants play a major role in decreasing friction and wear during the machining process. Commercial metal cutting fluids are non-renewable and also produces the harmful effect to the environment as well as the operators. The preparation and disposal cost of mineral oil is an expensive one. To promote sustainable and green manufacturing eco-friendly cutting fluid is the need of an hour. Vegetable oil is preferred as an alternative tocommercial cutting fluid owing to its environmentally friendly, biodegradability, renewable, and less toxic, as well as exceptional lubricating properties. This article discusses the influence of various vegetable oil used for the material removal process and its performance. Vegetable oils significantly enhance the machining characteristics in terms of cutting force, tool wear, and surface quality

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Gajrani, Kishor Kumar, P. S. Suvin, Satish Vasu Kailas, and Mamilla Ravi Sankar. "Hard machining performance of indigenously developed green cutting fluid using flood cooling and minimum quantity cutting fluid." Journal of Cleaner Production 206 (January 2019): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.178.

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S. Ghosh, M. C. Mandal, K. Das, N. Mondal, and A. Ray. "Optimization of Cutting parameters of AISI 1018 Low Carbon Mild steel in turning using green cutting fluid by Taguchi Method." Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Prakash 01, no. 01 (2022): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56697/jmep.2022.1108.

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The objective of this work is to optimize the response Cutting parameters (Tool wear and Material Removal Rate) of AISI 1018 Low carbon mild steel by Taguchi Method in straight turningprocess. We have taken speed, feed, depth of cut and types of cutting fluids as machining parameters with their three level values. In our study a commercial semi-synthetic cutting fluid (SSCF) and two vegetable based cutting fluids are used and values of response variables are analyzed to see if the performance of response machining parameters is increased by using Vegetable based cutting fluids for sustainable machining.For individual optimization,Taguchi‟s L9(34 ) orthogonal array and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) are used. The optimum results are verified with the help of confirmation test

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Lee, T. S., and H. B. Choong. "An Investigation on Green Machining: Cutting Process Characteristics of Organic Metalworking Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.809.

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This paper compares the cutting process characteristics of organic and inorganic coolant for milling process. RBD(refined, bleached & deodorized) palm olein, refined canola and soy bean oil were selected as based oil for soluble mixture(organic) while Jetkool SC95 as inorganic metalworking fluid (MWF). Throughout the research, carbide coated cutting tool and JIS SS400 mild steel are used with various feed rate, depth of cut and fixed spindle speed to determine the cutting temperature, forces and also surface roughness. Heat capacity, pH and tool wear assessment are carried out as well with same material. From the research, cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness are proportional to the feed rate and depth of cut. The MWFs pH level also drops after cutting process. Each MWFs showing their different strength on different assessments, overall from the results obtained, palm oil has a high potential to be marketed as organic MWF.

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Jagadish and A. Ray. "Green Cutting Fluid Selection using Multi-attribute Decision Making Approach." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 96, no. 1 (July 23, 2014): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40032-014-0126-0.

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Singh, Aswani K., and Varun Sharma. "Thermo-physical and tribological characteristics of ionic liquid-based rice bran oil as green cutting fluid." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 236, no. 6 (October 21, 2021): 1091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13506501211046154.

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During machining, the cutting fluids play an essential role in cooling and lubrication. In order to reduce the friction forces, the excessive amount of the cutting fluids are generally used. This, in turn, leads to wastage of the cutting fluids which results in a serious impact on the environment, health and cost of production. Therefore, the judicious use of lubricants is the foremost concern in the manufacturing industry. In order to mitigate these drawbacks, various alternatives have been developed in the last decade. In the present paper, ionic liquids have been proved as favourable sustainable alternative additives in the base oil. The effect of alkyl chain length of ionic liquids with base oil on the thermo-physical and tribological characteristics of cutting fluids including viscosity, wettability, anticorrosion behaviour, thermal stability, and coefficient of friction have been analysed. In the present study, pyrrolidinium and hexafluoro-phosphate (PF6) have been used as cation and anion, respectively, with rice bran oil as base oil. The five different ionic liquids have been dispersed in base oil by 1.0 wt%. It has been found that longer alkyl chain length showed the favourable results as compared to the shorter one. Results indicated that ionic liquid based cutting fluid attained ample enhanced thermophysical and tribological properties as compared to the neat rice bran oil. There has been 5.08% and 4.29% improvement in viscosity and thermal conductivity for IL4 + RBO in comparison to neat RBO. In addition, the wettability, coefficient of friction, and wear volume have been reduced by 20.34%, 53.79% and 57.87% correspondingly.

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Wang, Lin, Da Zhi Wang, and Sheng Han. "Application Research of Biodegradable Base Oil in the Green Metal Cutting Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.619.

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This paper mainly enumerated several kinds of base oil which all have a good biodegradation, such as vegetable oil, synthetic ester, poly-alpha-olefin, polyethylene glycol , introduced their performances, functions, the research status and the application prospect in the cutting fluid and brings forward the direction of the metal cutting fluid's development.

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Triyono, Dedi Priadi, Eddy S. Siradj, and Winarto. "Surface Modification of SKD 61 by Electrical Discharge Coating (EDM/EDC) with Multilayer Rectangular Cross-Section Electrode and Jatropha curcas as Dielectric Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 1083 (January 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1083.69.

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Beside being used as alternative fuel, Jatropha curcas can also be use as dielectric fluid in the Electric Discharge Machining (EDM/EDC). The use of Jatropha curcas as dielectric fluid is starting to grow due to its green characteristic. This paper discusses the effects of using Jatropha curcas combined with rectangular cross section layered electrode for cutting SKD 61 steel. It is then compared to the cutting result of EDM process using combination of kerosene dielectric fluid with solid electrode. The outcomes reveal that cutting process using Jatropha curcas as dielectric fluid in lower current produces higher surface roughness and combination of dielectric fluid with electrode type will determine surface roughness, hardness, and white layer thicknesses.

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Wu, Shenghong, Li Yu, and Chenlei Zhao. "Effect of Cooling Parameters on Cutting Vibration of Milling GH4169." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (November 21, 2022): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i3.2931.

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Nickel base superalloy is a typical difficult to machine material. With the development of social demand, more and more attention has been paid to the research of green manufacturing technology. Reducing the emission of cutting fluid is of great significance to achieve green manufacturing. Low temperature quantity cooling (MQCL) is a kind of green manufacturing technology. In this paper, the experiments of milling superalloy GH4169 under MQCL were carried out to study the influence of cooling parameters on cutting vibration and its mechanism.

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Guan, Jiju, Chao Gao, Zhengya Xu, Lanyu Yang, and Shuiquan Huang. "Lubrication Mechanisms of a Nanocutting Fluid with Carbon Nanotubes and Sulfurized Isobutylene (CNTs@T321) Composites as Additives." Lubricants 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10080189.

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Developing high-efficiency lubricant additives and high-performance green cutting fluids has universal significance for maximizing processing efficiency, lowering manufacturing cost, and more importantly reducing environmental concerns caused by the use of conventional mineral oil-based cutting fluids. In this study, a nanocomposite is synthesized by filling sulfurized isobutylene (T321) into acid-treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a liquid-phase wet chemical method. The milling performance of a nanocutting fluid containing CNTs@T321 composites is assessed using a micro-lubrication technology in terms of cutting temperature, cutting force, tool wear, and surface roughness. The composite nanofluid performs better than an individual CNT nanofluid regarding milling performance, with 12%, 20%, and 15% reductions in the cutting force, machining temperature, and surface roughness, respectively. The addition of CNTs@T321 nanocomposites improves the thermal conductivity and wetting performance of the nanofluid, as well as produces a complex lubricating film by releasing T321 during machining. The synergistic effect improves the cutting state at the tool–chip interface, thereby resulting in improved machining performance.

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Wang, Hui, Rong Di Han, and Yang Wang. "Tool Wear Investigation on Dry Electrostatic Cooling in Turning Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2058.

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The machinability of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V is poor, the traditional methods to machining is application of cutting fluids with the active additives which cause environmental pollution and health problems. In this paper, the dry electrostatic cooling was applied instead of cutting fluid for the aim of green cutting Ti6Al4V. The ionized device and gas supply system was set up, the effects of dry electrostatic cooling, emulsion oil and dry cutting on tool wear have been examined in turning of Ti6Al4V with carbide tools YG8, the curve between tool flank wear and cutting time was proposed, and the equation between cutting speed and tool life was set up. The results of experiments indicated that application of dry electrostatic cooling reduced the tool wear and increased the tool life. The research results show that clean production was achieved in metal cutting associated with dry electrostatic cooling.

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Chandrakant, Sheth Pushpak, and Bhaveshkumar K. Patel. "A Review on the Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication on Different Machining Parameters Emphasizing Vegetable Oil-Based Lubricants for Sustainable Manufacturing." Advanced Materials Research 1175 (February 20, 2023): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-325298.

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The cutting fluid plays a significant role in minimizing heat generation and chip removal process during the machining of materials, hence improving tool life and surface finish of the workpiece. Many researchers have focused on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) among the existing methods on the application of the coolant as it reduces the usage of coolant by spurting a mixture of compressed air and cutting fluid in an improved way instead of flood cooling. The MQL method has demonstrated to be appropriate as it fulfills the necessities of ‘green’ machining. Additionally, considering current environmental issues and provisions for safe healthy working conditions at the workplace, it is important to divert machining processes towards an eco-friendly path. Hence, the focus of research has been shifted to MQL using eco-friendly lubricants for green and sustainable manufacturing processes. In this review paper, the effect of different vegetable oil-based biodegradable coolants like castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, etc. for different machining process parameters like cutting force, cutting temperature, surface finish, tool wear, etc. has been reviewed. It is observed that proper selection of cutting parameters along with lubricant through MQL can provide enhanced machinability to get desired outputs.

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Samykano, Mahendran, J. Kananathan, K. Kadirgama, A. K. Amirruddin, D. Ramasamy, and L. Samylingam. "Characterisation, Performance and Optimisation of Nanocellulose Metalworking Fluid (MWF) for Green Machining Process." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 9188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.4.2021.04.0707.

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The present research attempts to develop a hybrid coolant by mixing alumina nanoparticles with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) into ethylene glycol-water (60:40) and investigate the viability of formulated hybrid nanocoolant (CNC-Al2O3-EG-Water) towards enhancing the machining behavior. The two-step method has been adapted to develop the hybrid nanocoolant at various volume concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 0.9%). Results indicated a significant enhancement in thermal properties and tribological behaviour of the developed hybrid coolant. The thermal conductivity improved by 20-25% compared to the metal working fluid (MWF) with thermal conductivity of 0.55 W/m℃. Besides, a reduction in wear and friction coefficient was observed with the escalation in the nanoparticle concentration. The machining performance of the developed hybrid coolant was evaluated using Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) in the turning of mild steel. A regression model was developed to assess the deviations in the tool flank wear and surface roughness in terms of feed, cutting speed, depth of the cut, and nanoparticle concentration using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The mathematical modeling shows that cutting speed has the most significant impact on surface roughness and tool wear, followed by feed rate. The depth of cut does not affect surface roughness or tool wear. Surface roughness achieved 24% reduction, 39% enhancement in tool length of cut, and 33.33% improvement in tool life span. From this, the surface roughness was primarily affected by spindle cutting speed, feed rate, and then cutting depth while utilising either conventional water or composite nanofluid as a coolant. The developed hybrid coolant manifestly improved the machining behaviour.

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Gupta, Munish Kumar, and PK Sood. "Machining comparison of aerospace materials considering minimum quantity cutting fluid: A clean and green approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 8 (December 13, 2016): 1445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216684158.

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Efficient removal of heat from the chip formation zone in the machining of aerospace materials is quite crucial for attaining viability with respect to cost and productivity. The recently embraced cooling and lubrication method in the context of environmental friendly and sustainable manufacturing includes the application of minimum quantity cutting fluid. This article presents an experimental investigation, complemented with an evolutionary optimization technique, for studying the impact on cutting forces, surface roughness, tool wear, and chip control in the turning of the two aero-engine alloys (Inconel-800 and titanium-II) with or without using minimal-quantity cooling lubrication fluid. In addition, the multiple regression technique is applied to find the relationship between responses and input parameter such as cutting speed, feed rate, and approach angle. Afterward, the sensitivity analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests have been performed to test the statistical significance of proposed predictive models. At the end of work, the experimental data have been optimized through two evolutionary techniques, i.e. particle swarm optimization and bacterial foraging optimization, also compared to the much-used desirability technique. It has been concluded that the cooling option of applying minimum quantity cutting fluid proved beneficial for machining these aerospace materials. Moreover, the evolutionary techniques gave much more accurate results when compared to the desirability technique with particle swarm optimization and was concluded as the best one out of the three techniques on the basis of minimum average time taken and minimum percentage error.

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Pei, Hong Jie, Y. J. Shen, Chun Gen Shen, and Gui Cheng Wang. "Application of Castor Oil-Based Cutting Fluids in Precision Turning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3830.

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Green machining is a process that implements sustainable development strategy. In order to reduce cost and decrease environmental pollution in manufacturing process, a sort of biodegradable castor oil-based emulsion is developed, whose physical and chemical properties can correspond with the national standards. The cooling and lubricating properties of the emulsion are better while machining steel materials through comparative experiments with certain imported commodity synthetic cutting fluid. The emulsion can successfully substitute for commodity fluid because of its high performance-price ratio.

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Han, R. D., Jun Yan Liu, Y. Zhang, and L. Zhang. "Experimental Study on Green Cutting with Water Vapor as Coolant and Lubricant." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.45.

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Green cutting has become focus of attention in ecological and environmental protection. Water vapor is cheap, pollution-free and eco-friendly. Therefore water vapor is a good and economical coolant and lubricant. Water vapor generator and vapor feeding system are developed to generate and feed water vapor. The lubricating method of water vapor is that the water vapor jet flow is directly jetted on the cutting zone and it cancels the fluid phase penetrating the capillaries in cutting zone. So it increases the time reserve of penetration and improves the property of penetration and lubricating effect. In order to find the influenced disciplinarians on lubricating effect with nozzle diameter, the parameters of water vapor jet flow and cooling distance (the distance between nozzle and cutting zone), experiments are carried out which hard alloy YT15 (P10 type in ISO) tool is used in cutting C45 steel. Experimental results show that the cutting force becomes lowered and chip thickness becomes thinned with the nozzle diameter decreasing. With the saturated vapor pressure increasing and the cooling distance shortening, the cutting force is lowed and the chip thickness is thinned too. Therefore the application of water vapor as coolant and lubricant can realize the green cutting in industry.

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Han, Rong Di, Yue Zhang, Yang Wang, Guo Fan Cao, and Jie Liu. "The Effect of Superheated Water Vapor as Coolant and Lubricant on Chip Formation of Difficult-to-Cut Materials in Green Cutting." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.172.

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Green cutting is ecologically desirable and have been a tendency in the industry field. Water vapor can be introduced in metal cutting as coolant and lubricant due to its pollution-free, generating easily and unneeded disposal. Therefore, water vapor is an environment-friendly coolant and lubricant in machining. This study attempts to understand the effect of water vapor as coolant and lubricant on chip formation. In the comparison experiments to dry and wet cutting, water vapor jet flow from a developed generator is applied into cutting zone directly. When YG8 (K20 in ISO) tools are used to turn titanium alloy TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V), Ni-based super alloy GH3030 and stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti in orthogonal cutting, through quick-stop tests, the photos of polished chip sections microstructure were obtained. And the results suggest that the application of water vapor produces the least BUE, tool-chip contact length but the largest deformation coefficient and shear angle. The water vapor as coolant and lubricant could be a substitution of cutting fluid to carry out green cutting in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials.

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Farooqi, Awais, and Nukman bin Yusoff. "Green Manufacturing - Textured Novel Cutting Tool for Sustainable Machining: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 899 (June 2020): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.899.135.

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Green manufacturing concept has become a cutting edge in the field of sustainable machining. The prime objective of the philosophy is to find a technique in machining or material removal processes that are environmentally friendly, with minimal wastage, energy efficient and optimal condition for the machining processes. This review paper discusses the significance of textured novel cutting tools, is one of the promising technologies and process. It discusses the Dry Machining process to capture green sustainable manufacturing practices. The study may answer of how it stands among other methods including minimum quantity lubrication and nano fluid lubricant. This paper also presents the importance of advanced manufacturing tools to match the sustainable future needs with an idea of proposed methodology to conduct a research on textured novel cutting tools for sustainable machining.

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Katna, Rahul, M. Suhaib, Narayan Agrawal, Kanwarjeet Singh, Swati Jain, and S. Maji. "Green Machining: Studying the impact of viscosity of Green Cutting fluid on surface quality in straight turning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1276 (August 2019): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1276/1/012036.

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Bag, Sayan, and Avash Kumar Saha. "A review on environmental friendly cutting fluids and coolant delivery techniques in grinding." Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education 1 (February 22, 2022): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icrse.v1.2022.846.

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Grinding is a very high-speed machining process, specifically, it is complex and often fails to achieve the accuracy, coolants are necessary for grinding to achieve the desired production rates. Coolant disposal is a serious issue since it poses a risk to the environment and land pollution. To reduce the friction and of frictional heating during grinding, suitable coolants and lubrication systems should be used, therefore, many approaches to eco-friendly coolant delivery techniques are been illustrated. Continuous long-term scientific research is needed toward green machining. “Go green, think green, and act green” statement should be followed in the industry during production and manufacturing. This literature survey was needed because it highlights previous and present research work on eco-friendly fluid delivery techniques, also the study explained how important this method will play in considering the future environment and workers’ health.

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Liu, Wei. "Influence of Nano-Cutting Fluid in New Cutting and Forming Processes on Heat Transfer Performance of Mechanical Engineering." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5603355.

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In order to strengthen the thermal conductivity of green cutting fluid and the influence of nano-cutting fluid from new cutting and forming processes on heat transfer performance of mechanical engineering, a research method was proposed based on the influence of nano-cutting fluid from new cutting and forming processes on heat transfer performance of mechanical engineering. The dispersion stability, thermal conductivity, and viscosity characteristics of the nanofluid were studied, and the effects of acidification treatment time, type and concentration of carbon tube particles, surfactants, and testing conditions on the above properties were analyzed. It was found that the filling rate of T321 was about 25% when CNTs were filled, and the optimal compounding ratio of the two surfactants, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (SDBS) and Tween-80 (TW-80), for the preparation of stable dispersed nanofluids was 3 ∶ 7. The optimum ratio of compound active agent to carbon tube is 5 ∶ 1. When CNTs were acidified for about 9 h and dispersed in sufficient and stable condition, the thermal conductivity of the base liquid was increased by 110% by the composite, and the shape factor of CNTs had the most significant effect on the thermal conductivity. It was found that the composite nanofluids had higher thermal conductivity and lower viscosity than the nanofluids prepared by ordinary CNTs. This was due to the fact that surfaces of CNTs were chemically modified during the opening and internal filling process, so that the composite had better dispersion stability in the base fluid.

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Chen, Xing Yun, and Jing Zi Wei. "Research of Machinery Production Technique Based on Green Manufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.235.

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With the rapid development of our economy, manufacturing industry places great proportion. Although the manufacturing process develops very fast, it brings negative influence. Resources waste and environmental degradation are the example. This article aims at machinery production technique based on green manufacturing. At first, this paper introduces the green manufacturing in details, especially the definition and engineering. In the second place, it analyzes green manufacturing technique of saving type and reducing type. At last, this article researches cutting fluid system of green manufacturing, introduces the traditional system disadvantages, and improve it. This article has a positive function to the workers of manufacturing industry.

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Gajrani, Kishor Kumar, P. S. Suvin, Satish Vasu Kailas, K. P. Rajurkar, and Mamilla Ravi Sankar. "Machining of hard materials using textured tool with minimum quantity nano-green cutting fluid." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 35 (November 2021): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.06.018.

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ABIYARI, HOOMAN, and MOHAMMAD MAHDI ABOOTORABI. "THE EFFECTS OF NOZZLE NUMBER AND OUTLET GEOMETRY ON GRINDING PROCESS WITH MINIMUM QUANTITY COOLING (MQC) BY NANOFLUID." Surface Review and Letters 28, no. 07 (April 28, 2021): 2150058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x2150058x.

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Machining with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) or minimum quantity cooling (MQC) as a subset of green machining is a process in which small volume fluid of high lubrication and cooling properties alongside high pressure air is used in the material removal process. The heat generated in the grinding process has a great impact upon the workpiece quality. Serving lubrication and heat transfer functions, cutting fluids have an essential role in reducing the temperature and thus improving the process of grinding. In this research, nanofluid made of graphene nanoparticles in water-based fluid as a cutting fluid of high heat transfer is utilized to investigate the effects of nozzle number and nozzle geometry of the MQC system on the cutting temperature and surface roughness of the workpiece. The effect of geometry and number of nozzles on grinding with MQC has not been studied so far. The study findings show that the nozzle outlet cross-section of rectangular, compared to circular, decreases the surface roughness and temperature by 30% and 36%, respectively. Moreover, compared to the single nozzle, the use of three nozzles results in a decrease of 19% and 31.7% in the surface roughness and temperature. Under the same machining conditions, the MQC method by 0.15[Formula: see text]wt.% nanofluid of graphene in water using a rectangular nozzle outlet of 1.2[Formula: see text]mm width makes surface roughness and temperature reduced by 67.2% and 48.3% compared to the dry condition, whereas decreased by 13.4% and 8.8% compared to the wet method, respectively.

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Makhesana, Mayurkumar Ashwinbhai, and Kaushik M. Patel. "Investigation to study the applicability of solid lubricants in machining for clean and green manufacturing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2015-0037.

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Purpose The quality of the surface being machined and tool life are greatly affected by heat generated during machining. Abundant use of cutting fluid leads to higher production rates and a threat for environment and worker’s health. Hence, the need is to identify eco-friendly lubricants. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the effects of solid lubricants (boric acid and molybdenum disulphide) mixed with oil during turning of EN-31 using cemented carbide tools. The concentration of solid lubricants in oil is varied to analyze output parameters such as surface roughness, process temperature, power consumption and tool wear. Design/methodology/approach EN 31 steel material is machined at various cutting speeds and constant feed and depth of cut to determine the effects of dry, wet and solid lubricant assisted machining. Findings Experimental study revealed that the solid lubricants performed better while machining and therefore it may be considered as environment friendly and cost effective way of lubrication as compared to flood cooling. Research limitations/implications The work can be extended to identify the effects of solid lubricants on micro hardness and cutting force. Practical implications From the findings of the work, solid lubricants may be considered as suitable choice as compared to fluid cooling because it improves process performance without much affecting the environment and worker’s health. Originality/value So far the use of solid lubricants in machining is limited. The results of the work will be useful to explore various efficient way to apply solid lubricants.

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Tazehkandi, Ahmadreza Hosseini, Mohammadreza Shabgard, Farid Pilehvarian, and Nakisa Farshfroush. "Experimental investigations of cutting parameters’ influence on cutting forces and surface roughness in turning of Inconel alloy X-750 with biodegradable vegetable oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 9 (September 3, 2015): 1516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415599914.

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Nickel-based Inconel X-750 superalloy is widely applied in aerospace industry and manufacturing of gas turbine blades, power generators and heat exchangers due to its exclusive properties. As a consequence of low heat transfer coefficient and work-hardening properties, this alloy is known as a poorly machinable alloy. In this work, effect of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on cutting forces and surface roughness was investigated during turning of Inconel alloy X-750 with coated carbide tool. In order to meet the demands of the environment-friendly cutting processes and human health, biodegradable vegetable oil (BioCut 4600) was selected as the cutting fluid. The results were analyzed using response surface methodology and statistical analysis of variance, and mathematical models for cutting forces and surface roughness were proposed. Results indicated that feed rate and cutting speed were the most effective parameters on the surface roughness. However, depth of cut was the most effective parameter on cutting forces in comparison with cutting speed and feed rate. Eventually, in order to achieve the main aims of industrial production in large amounts and green manufacturing, the ranges for the best cutting conditions were presented.

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Li, Chang He, Ya Li Hou, Shi Chao Xiu, and Guang Qi Cai. "Application of Lubrication Theory to Near-Dry Green Grinding – Feasibility Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.135.

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This paper describes an investigation about the grinding fluid optimization supply based on lubrication theory. The models for three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow pressure in contact zone between wheel and work are presented based on Navier-Stokes equation and continuous formulae. It is well known that hydrodynamic fluid pressure generates due to this fluid flux, and that it affects overall grinding resistance and machining accuracy. Moreover, conventional methods of delivering grinding fluid, i.e. flood delivery via a shoe or jet delivery tangential to the wheel via a nozzle, have been proved that they can not fully penetrate this boundary layer and thus, the majority of the cutting fluid is deflected away from the grinding zone. Therefore, in this paper, a new delivery method of grinding fluid, the minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)-near-dry green grinding is presented and analyzed for it not only reduces hydrodynamic lift force but also reduces grinding fluid cost to achieve green manufacturing. Experiments have been carried out to validate the performance of the MQL supply compared with conventional flood cooling. The experimental results have shown that the theoretical model is in agreement with experimental results and the model can well forecast hydrodynamic pressure distribution at contact zone between and workpiece and the MQL supply in grinding is feasible. Experiments have also been carried out to evaluate the performance of the MQL technology compared with conventional flood cooling. Experimental data indicate that the proposed method does not negatively affect to the surface integrity and the process validity has been verified.

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Sankaranarayanan, R., N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes, J. Senthil Kumar, and J. Angela Jennifa Sujana. "Random decision forest based sustainable green machining using Citrullus lanatus extract as bio-cutting fluid." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 68 (August 2021): 1814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.07.014.

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Somarajan, Suvin Parayantayyathu, and Satish Vasu Kailas. "Study and Comparison of Lubricity of Green and Commercial Cutting Fluid Using Tool-Chip Tribometer." Tribology Online 13, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2474/trol.13.340.

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Zhao, H. B., and Y. F. Nan. "Experimental Research on the System Performance in Near-Dry Deep Hole Drilling." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.98.

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The near-dry deep hole drilling system was taken as object in this study，and the contrast experiment between the deep hole drilling system and the traditional（wet）deep-hole drilling system，including the cutting force，the tool wear，the surface quality and the chip-break have been done. The results show that the near-dry system drill stability and have better effort in cooling，lubrication，chip removal effective. The tool life and surface quality within the hole are better，at the same time，it can greatly reducing the amount of cutting fluid，the costs and the pollution of the environment. So we can get a conclusion that it is an ideal system in green drilling process.

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Zhang, Ming Xing, Hai Yan Chen, and Cui Ping Yan. "Technical Parameter Research of High Purity Green SiC from Cutting Waste Mortar of Solar Silicon Wafer." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1043.

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The green SiC (silicon carbide) powder, cutting fluid and pure Si (silicon) has the great recovery value in cutting waste mortar of solar silicon wafer. Nowadays, the critical technology of recycling SiC powder is classification technology in which the quality of recovery SiC powder is depended on classification precision. The self developed turbine air classifier (LNC-120A-2 type with two air classifier connected) was used in this experiment. The test dust is dry admixture of waste mortar containing SiC (JIS1200＃) through pretreatment. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum classification condition: the speed of first stage classifier is 1914rpm, the speed of second stage classifier is 3480rpm , the secondary air flow of second stage classifier is 13m3/h, the disperse pressure is 0.2MPa and the total system air volume is 1400m3/h. Under this condition, the classification precision of SiC powder is 85.73%, the particle size d50 is 9.571μm meeting the demand of JIS1200＃, the recovery efficiency is 89.2% and yield is 65Kg/h. Sometimes, the results show: the granule morphology of recovery SiC powder is basically some with standard SiC powder of JIS1200＃, meeting the effective cutting for silicon wafer.

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Tan, X. C., F. Liu, H. J. Cao, and H. Zhang. "A decision-making framework model of cutting fluid selection for green manufacturing and a case study." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129, no. 1-3 (October 2002): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00614-3.

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Liu, Jun Yan, Rong Di Han, and Yang Wang. "The Investigations of Tool Wear and Wear Mechanism with Water Vapor as Coolants and Lubricants in Green Cutting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.913.

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In machining, coolants and lubricants improve machinability, increase productivity by reducing the tool wear and extend the tool life. However, the use of cutting fluid in metal working may seriously degrade the quality of environment. Green cutting is becoming increasingly more popular due to concern regarding the safety of the environment and operator health. The experimental investigations were carried out with cemented carbide tool in turning ANSI 304 stainless steel and applications of water vapor, CO2, O2 as coolants and lubricants. The application of water vapor as coolants and lubricants allowed extending tool life. The catalysis chemical reaction have been generated between water molecules (H2O), oxygen atoms (O) of water vapor and fresh metal surface of tool-chip contact region, and multi-dimension metal oxidations which has been formed in tool-chip contact zone weakened mutual action between tool bulk material and chip.

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Dong, Pham Quang, Tran Minh Duc, Ngo Minh Tuan, Tran The Long, Dang Van Thanh, and Nguyen Van Truong. "Improvement in the Hard Milling of AISI D2 Steel under the MQCL Condition Using Emulsion-Dispersed MoS2 Nanosheets." Lubricants 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8060062.

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The present work shows the process for MoS2 nanosheet production by liquid N2-queched bulk, a novel method having highly efficient, green, and facile operation. The produced MoS2 nanoparticles are suspended in minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQCL)-based fluid to form nanofluid used for the hard milling of AISI D2 steel. The study aims to improve the hard-milling performance assisted by the MQCL technique using MoS2 nanofluid. ANOVA analysis is used to evaluate the effects of three input machining variables, including nanoparticle concentration, cutting speed, and material hardness on cutting forces. The results indicate that the better cooling effect from the principle of the Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube of the MQCL device combined with the better lubricating performance from MoS2 nanofluid brings out the sustainable alternative solution for machining difficult-to-cut material. Moreover, the experimental results provide the technical guides for the selection of proper values of nanoparticle concentration and cutting speed while ensuring the technological, economic, and environmental characteristics.

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Wajiha Tasnim Urmi, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Wahaizad Safiei, Kumaran Kadirgama, and Md Abdul Maleque. "Effects of Minimum Quantity Lubrication Technique in Different Machining Processes - A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 90, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.90.2.135159.

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The cooling condition has a significant effect in the metal cutting industry, which has a crucial role in cooling and lubricating the workpiece-tool interface, reducing friction, and removing chips from the cutting area. Almost 15-20% of the overall machining cost was incurred from cooling and lubrication. So, the considerable cost can be occurred due to the supply, preparation, and disposal of cooling lubricants. Moreover, exposure to these substances can pollute the environment and hamper operators' health. Therefore, of late, researchers have been giving priority to investigate the effects of the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) techniques in machining as it alleviates the coolant usage by splashing fluid and compressed air mixtures. In this lubrication technique, the maximum fluid flow is less than 50ml/h, whereas flooded cooling technology uses up to 12,000 litres per hour. Most researchers found that a lower coefficient of friction, better surface finish, reduced cutting forces, and torques can be obtained using the MQL method in an optimized manner compared to dry and wet machining. Moreover, besides improving machinability characteristics, the MQL technique also complies with green and sustainable machining. Thus, a prospective solution to dry and wet processing. This paper represents the brief discussion and mechanism of the MQL technique and the effects of the MQL technique on the performance parameters of different machining processes.

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Shan, Hou. "Modification and performance evaluation of Konjac gum in drilling fluid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2430, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2430/1/012014.

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Abstract Because of the rock carrying property of drilling fluid, it is usually necessary to add bentonite and polymer into the drilling fluid to improve the viscosity of the drilling fluid. However, bentonite and polymer will seriously affect the rheological property, sand carrying property, drilling speed, degassing effect, etc. of the drilling fluid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new environment-friendly low viscosity cutting agent for drilling fluid. In this paper, konjac gum was modified by metal complexation. Some modified konjac gum were studied. The effects of different dosages of modified konjac gum on the rheological properties of drilling fluid were analyzed through infrared spectrum characterization, thermogravimetric analysis and compatibility evaluation. The experiment proved that heavy metal cations and inorganic flocculant polyaluminum chloride/iron can coordinate with konjac gum, to form a cation konjac glucomannan chelate system, which enhances the three-dimensional network structure of the molecule; The shielding effect of metal cations will weaken the electrostatic repulsion between -O- in konjac glucomannan and compete with each other, thus affecting the rheological properties. The modified konjac gum not only improves the rheological property of its aqueous solution but also improves its water solubility. The operation process is simple and green.

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Singh, Aswani Kumar, and Varun Sharma. "A comparative appraisal of sustainable strategy in Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Nimonic 80A using novel green atomized cutting fluid." Sustainable Materials and Technologies 32 (July 2022): e00423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00423.

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Paturi, Uma Maheshwera Reddy, G. Naveen Kumar, and V. S. Vamshi. "Silver nanoparticle-based Tween 80 green cutting fluid (AgNP-GCF) assisted MQL machining - An attempt towards eco-friendly machining." Cleaner Engineering and Technology 1 (December 2020): 100025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2020.100025.

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Zhao, Chenyu, Shengjie Wu, and Min Lai. "Ultra-precision machining of cerium-lanthanum alloy with atmosphere control in an auxiliary device." Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 033004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0013777.

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Cerium–lanthanum alloys are the main component of nickel–metal hydride batteries, and they are thus an important material in the green-energy industry. However, these alloys have very strong chemical activity, and their surfaces are easily oxidized, leading to great difficulties in their application. To improve the corrosion resistance of cerium–lanthanum alloys, it is necessary to obtain a nanoscale surface with low roughness. However, these alloys can easily succumb to spontaneous combustion during machining. Currently, to inhibit the occurrence of fire, machining of this alloy in ambient air needs to be conducted at very low cutting speeds while spraying the workpiece with a large amount of cutting fluid. However, this is inefficient, and only a very limited range of parameters can be optimized at low cutting speeds; this restricts the optimization of other cutting parameters. To achieve ultraprecision machining of cerium–lanthanum alloys, in this work, an auxiliary machining device was developed, and its effectiveness was verified. The results show that the developed device can improve the cutting speed and obtain a machined surface with low roughness. The device can also improve the machining efficiency and completely prevent the occurrence of spontaneous combustion. It was found that the formation of a build-up of swarf on the cutting tool is eliminated with high-speed cutting, and the surface roughness (Sa) can reach 5.64 nm within the selected parameters. Finally, the oxidation processes of the cerium–lanthanum alloy and its swarf were studied, and the process of the generation of oxidative products in the swarf was elucidated. The results revealed that most of the intermediate oxidative products in the swarf were Ce3+, there were major oxygen vacancies in the swarf, and the final oxidative product was Ce4+.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Green Cutting Fluid'

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