Relevant bibliographies by topics / Green chemical reaction

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Green chemical reaction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Green chemical reaction.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Green chemical reaction"

1

Nagieva, I. T., N. I. Ali-zadeh, and T. M. Nagiev. "GAS-PHASE OXIDATION OF 2-PICOLINE BY “GREEN OXIDIZERS” H2O2 AND N2O." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 4 (November 14, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2023-4-13-20.

Full text
Abstract:
This communication presents the results of studies of coherently synchronized reactions of 2-picoline oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide (I) in the gas phase. Optimal conditions for obtaining target products in these reactions are revealed. The influence of the process parameters on the value of the determinant in the reactions: dealcodimerization of 2-picoline with hydrogen peroxide and dimerization of 2-picoline with nitrous oxide (I) is shown. Calculated in the reaction of deal-codimerization of 2-picoline with hydrogen peroxide, the determinant of chemical conjugation has a value of D = 0.17 under optimal conditions, which indicates the induced character of dealcodimerization of 2-picoline. Based on this value, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the primary reaction (decomposition of hydrogen peroxide) on the secondary one (dealcodimerization of 2-picoline) was given. In the reaction of dimerization of 2-picoline with nitrous oxide (I), the chemical conjugation determinant has, under optimal conditions, a value of D = 0.54, which, according to the chemical interference scale, is in the region of chemical conjugation, when the primary reaction (the decomposition of nitrous oxide (I)) accelerates the secondary reaction (dimerization of 2-picoline)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sahoo, Tejaswini, Jagannath Panda, Jnanaranjan Sahu, Dayananda Sarangi, Sunil K. Sahoo, Braja B. Nanda, and Rojalin Sahu. "Green Solvent: Green Shadow on Chemical Synthesis." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 6 (September 25, 2020): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200506102535.

Full text
Abstract:
The natural beauty and purity of our planet has been contaminated deeply due to human selfish activities such as pollution, improper waste management, and various industrial and commercial discharges of untreated toxic by-products into the lap of nature. The collective impact of these hazardous suspensions into the natural habitat is very deadly. Challenges due to human activity on the environment have become ubiquitous. The chemical industry has a major role in human evolution and, predictably, opened gates of increased risk of pollution if the production is not done sustainably. In these circumstances, the notion of Green Chemistry has been identified as the efficient medium of synthesis of chemicals and procedures to eradicate the toxic production of harmful substances. Principles of Green Chemistry guide the scientist in their hunt towards chemical synthesis which requires the use of solvents. These solvents contaminate our air, water, land and surrounding due to its toxic properties. Even though sufficient precautions are taken for proper disposal of these solvents but it is difficult to be recycled. In order to preserve our future and coming generation from the adverse impacts associated with solvents it is very important to find alternative of this which will be easy to use, reusable and also eco-friendly. Solvents are used daily in various industrial processes as reaction medium, as diluters, and in separation procedures. As reaction medium, the role of solvent is to bring catalysts and reactants together and to release heat thus affecting activity and selectivity. The proper selection of the solvent considering its biological, physical and chemical properties is very necessary for product separation, environmental, safety handling and economic factors. Green solvents are the boon in this context. They are not only environmentally benign but also cost effective. The biggest challenge faced by the chemists is adaptation of methods and selection of solvents during chemical synthesis which will give negligible waste product and will remain human and nature friendly. During designing compounds for a particular reaction it is difficult to give assurance regarding the toxicity and biodegradability of the method. Chemists are still far away from predicting the various chemical and biological effects of the compounds on the back of the envelope. To achieve that point is formidable task but it will definitely act as inspiration for the coming generation of chemists. The green solvents are undoubtedly a far better approach to eliminate the negative impacts and aftermath of any chemical synthesis on the environment. Our study in this review covers an overview of green solvents, their role in safer chemical synthesis with reference to some of the important green solvents and their detail summarization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Igarashi, Akira. "Catalytic Reaction Engineering toward Green Chemical Processes." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 38, no. 10 (2005): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.38.779.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

De Martino, M. Teresa, Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen, Floris P. J. T. Rutjes, and Jan C. M. van Hest. "Nanoreactors for green catalysis." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (March 29, 2018): 716–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.61.

Full text
Abstract:
Sustainable and environmentally benign production are key drivers for developments in the chemical industrial sector, as protecting our planet has become a significant element that should be considered for every industrial breakthrough or technological advancement. As a result, the concept of green chemistry has been recently defined to guide chemists towards minimizing any harmful outcome of chemical processes in either industry or research. Towards greener reactions, scientists have developed various approaches in order to decrease environmental risks while attaining chemical sustainability and elegancy. Utilizing catalytic nanoreactors for greener reactions, for facilitating multistep synthetic pathways in one-pot procedures, is imperative with far-reaching implications in the field. This review is focused on the applications of some of the most used nanoreactors in catalysis, namely: (polymer) vesicles, micelles, dendrimers and nanogels. The ability and efficiency of catalytic nanoreactors to carry out organic reactions in water, to perform cascade reaction and their ability to be recycled will be discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Prajapati, Pintu, Avani Sheth, Dhaval M. Patel, Advaita Patel, and Priti Mehta. "Sonochemistry: Non-Classical Way of Synthesis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 6-s (December 15, 2019): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i6-s.3691.

Full text
Abstract:
This review presents the detailed picture of current knowledge on ultrasound assisted chemical reactions and its green approach in chemical synthesis. This article illustrates the theoretical background and details about ultrasound, its mechanism (cavitation, the driving force) in chemical synthesis, types of reactions with different systems and its utility. All the reported applications have shown that Sonochemistry, ultrasound assisted chemical reaction is a green and economical viable approach for drug, impurity or chemical intermediate synthesis. Keywords: Cavitation, Sonocatalysis, Sonochemistry Ultrasound
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Day, Daniel M., Thomas J. Farmer, Joe Granelli, Janice H. Lofthouse, Julie Lynch, Con R. McElroy, James Sherwood, Seishi Shimizu, and James H. Clark. "Reaction Optimization for Greener Chemistry with a Comprehensive Spreadsheet Tool." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238427.

Full text
Abstract:
Green chemistry places an emphasis on safer chemicals, waste reduction, and efficiency. Processes should be optimized with green chemistry at the forefront of decision making, embedded into research at the earliest stage. To assist in this endeavor, we present a spreadsheet that can be used to interpret reaction kinetics via Variable Time Normalization Analysis (VTNA), understand solvent effects with linear solvation energy relationships (LSER), and calculate solvent greenness. With this information, new reaction conditions can be explored in silico, calculating product conversions and green chemistry metrics prior to experiments. The application of this tool was validated with literature case studies. Reaction performance was predicted and then confirmed experimentally for examples of aza-Michael addition, Michael addition, and an amidation. The combined analytical package presented herein permits a thorough examination of chemical reactions, so that the variables that control reaction chemistry can be understood, optimized, and made greener for research and education purposes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Li, Yanlin, Shenghua Chen, Wenyuan Duan, Yanli Nan, Donghai Ding, and Guoqing Xiao. "Research progress of vanadium pentoxide photocatalytic materials." RSC Advances 13, no. 33 (2023): 22945–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra03648k.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Daglia, M., A. Papetti, and G. Gazzani. "Green and roasted coffee antiradical activity stability in chemical systems." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S191—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10658-cjfs.

Full text
Abstract:
The stability to storage at different temperature and oxygen exposure of green and roasted coffee either as coffee beans or as ground coffee antiradical activity, was evaluated. The results showed that the coffee solution antihydroxyl radical activity was constant, independently from the coffee species, from the roasting process, and moreover from the type of storage conditions, suggesting that temperature and oxygen exposure did not affect this antiradical activity. With regard to antiperoxyl radical activity, all green coffee solutions showed remarkable and stable activity. Conversely, the roasted coffee beans and roasted and ground coffee antiperoxyl radical activity started to increase after three month of storage, suggesting that Maillard reaction products affect the stability of such antiradical property.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Domènech, Xavier, José A. Ayllón, José Peral, and Joan Rieradevall. "How Green Is a Chemical Reaction? Application of LCA to Green Chemistry." Environmental Science & Technology 36, no. 24 (December 2002): 5517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es020001m.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cunningham, Michael F. "Green Macromolecular Reaction Engineering." Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 16, no. 3 (June 2022): 2200033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.202200033.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Green chemical reaction"

1

Pradhan, Kiran. "Designing of green chemical reaction conditional using thermal analysis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1338.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Allen, Andrew J. (Andrew John) 1978. "Green chemistry : dense carbon dioxide and water as environmentally benign reaction media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28656.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
(cont.) was investigated in scCO₂, and the cycloaddition between cyclopentadiene and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) was studied in an scCO₂/liquid water environment. Nitrogen chemistry, specifically the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles from amines, was also studied in scCO₂ and scCO₂/liquid water systems. The objective of studying the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 9-hydroxymethylanthracene with N-ethylmaleimide in scCO₂ was to demonstrate the ability of scCO₂ to dramatically accelerate the rate of this reaction when compared to conventional solvents. Using spectroscopy to track the disappearance of the 9-hydroxymethylanthracene peak, it was found that this reaction proceeds at rates in scCO₂ that are significantly faster than in traditional organic solvents. It was also observed that the reaction rate constant increased with decreasing density, opposite the trend normally observed for most reactions conducted in scCO₂. On the basis of the low solubility of 9-hydroxymethylanthracene in scCO₂ and similar results observed in fluorocarbon solvents (fluorocarbons and scCO₂ are known to behave similarly as solvents), a solvophobic mechanism was inferred as the cause of the rate acceleration observed for this particular reaction in scCO₂. In order to utilize the complementary solvation powers of scCO₂ and water, a second Diels-Alder reaction, cyclopentadiene with MVK, was studied in an scCO₂/liquid water mixture. Specifically, the effect of MVK concentration on the selectivity and conversion was studied under both silent and sonicated conditions ...
With an ever increasing focus on reducing the environmental impact of solvent releases on human health and the environment, the replacement of conventional, organic solvents with alternative compounds that are inherently benign has attracted much attention in both industry and academia. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) and water are two alternative compounds that are of particular interest because they are non-toxic, non-flammable, readily available, and cheap. Although scCO₂ has been successfully used in industry as a solvent for selective extraction (e.g. extraction of caffeine from coffee beans), development of scCO₂ as a reaction solvent has been less successful due to its limited solvation power for many organic reagents of interest. In addition scCO₂ has generally been shown to reduce both the reaction rate and selectivity of many reactions when compared to conventional solvents. Unlike scCO₂, water is known to significantly accelerate reaction rates and improve selectivities over that obtainable in conventional solvents. However, most organic compounds are insoluble in water which has limited its use as a reaction solvent for industrial-scale processes. In order to replace conventional solvents with scCO₂ and/or water, significant technological advantages resulting from the use of these compounds will have to be demonstrated. This research attempts to demonstrate some potential advantages of using scCO₂ and scCO₂/water as reaction media for several synthetic transformations of interest. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 9-hydroxymethylanthracene and N-ethylmaleimide
by Andrew J. Allen.
S.M.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bassolino, Giovanni. "Tuning ultrafast chemical reaction dynamics in photoactive proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42c19c5c-c6df-48e9-bb1c-8a7098eca8b4.

Full text
Abstract:
This dissertation investigates the origins of tunable and efficient photochemistry in three different photoactive proteins, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), rhodopsin (RHO) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). In all cases, significant differences exist between the photoreactivity of model chromophores in solution and in the protein environment, in terms of excited state lifetime and efficiency of the primary photochemical process (opsin proteins) or the type of reaction (excited state proton transfer versus C=C double bond photoisomerisation for GFP). The work presented here investigates for each case to what extent the protein environment is necessary to alter the photochemistry of model chromophores in solution. For GFP and BR steric and electrostatic interactions between the protein pocket and the chromophore are shown to be likely responsible for shaping the excited state surface along which the photoreactions take place. For RHO it is suggested, contrary to current belief, that selection of a reactive ground state conformer might be the main effect generating the observed differences between solution and protein environment. The solution photochemistry of structurally modified retinal protonated Schiff bases, taken as model chromophores for the opsin proteins, is studied with continuous wave irradiation experiments and ultrafast transient spectroscopies. Surprisingly large differences are observed for the isomerisation reaction depending on the starting configuration (trans or cis) of the photoactive double bond. The current model for BR based on the tuning of the excited state barrier encountered along the isomerisation coordinate is expanded to include the changes in selectivity, speed and efficiency observed for a series of all-trans derivatives. For 11-cis, the photoisomerisation in solution is proposed to take place along a barrierless isomerisation coordinate, in contrast with the models currently available in literature. It is suggested that the protein might be discriminating between ground state conformers rather than significantly changing the topography of the reaction coordinate. For GFP, excited state Raman spectra are recorded for the wild-type protein, two mutants and a model chromophore in solution. It is suggested that the high frequency vibrational modes observed in the excited state spectra of the proteins but not of the model chromophore in DMSO are a sign of a tighter chromophore environment that inhibits the photoisomerisation reaction occurring in solution.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ciccolini, Rocco P. "Carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions in supercritical and expanded-liquid carbon dioxide media : green synthetic chemistry with multiscale reaction and phase behavior modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43203.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
The goal of this work was to develop a detailed understanding of carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond-forming reactions of amines carried out in supercritical and expanded-liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) media. Key motivations behind this study were the importance of nitrogen-containing compounds in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries and a growing commercial interest in utilizing environmentally-friendly syntheses and processing with cost-efficient, green solvents. The thermodynamics and reaction engineering characteristics associated with the synthesis of several model C-N bond-forming reactions were examined both experimentally and theoretically. Operating conditions and engineering correlations were identified that will facilitate process scale-up and potential commercialization of these and other fundamentally-important CO2-based processes. Amine chemistry in CO2-based media was complicated by the facility of nucleophilic amines to react with carbon dioxide to form carbamic acids, which sometimes interfered with desired reaction pathways. Experimental observations and a complimentary ab initio quantum chemical calculation study revealed that carbamic acid formation was suppressed when adding bulky N-substituents to primary amines and when operating at low pressures and/or high temperatures. With a firm understanding of amine-CO2 chemistry, we developed a synthetic protocol that produced classes of pharmacologically-significant nitrogen heterocycles known as tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahyrdo-carbolines. Our method involved (1) the in situ carbamation of amines from their reaction with carbon dioxide and a dialkyl carbonate and (2) the Pictet-Spengler cyclization of these carbamates by their reaction with an aldehyde in the presence of acid. The conversion of amines to their carbamate derivatives offered suitable N-protection against carbamic acid formation.
(cont.) For nearly all reactions studied, the Pictet-Spengler step proceeded nearly quantitatively. The efficiency of amine carbamation via the CO2/dimethyl (cont) carbonate (DMC) reaction system was highly sensitive to process operating conditions. Phase behavior, amine conversion, and carbamate yield and selectivity all varied appreciably with temperature, pressure, and amine feed concentration. For example at 130 oC, carbamate selectivity increased from 50 to 75% with increasing pressure up to the mixture critical pressure of the CO2/DMC binary system (P, mixco2/DMC ). Selectivity decreased to 55% for ... mix of the entire reaction system (P,mixsystem). Above Pmixsytem,, selectivity increased to 80%. At 105 bar, decreasing temperature from 150 to 100 oC led to an increase in carbamate selectivity by 25%. Finally, decreasing the amine feed concentration from 4 to 1 M resulted in an increase in carbamate selectivity by 30%. Mixture critical pressures (Pc,mix) and liquid-phase densities, species concentrations, and volume expansion were measured for the CO2/DMC system over a wide range of operating conditions. Importantly, we developed an equation-of-state (EOS) model and several empirical engineering correlations that were used to predict vapor-liquid equilibrium properties in P-T-xi regimes for which data were not available. Deviations from experimental data and empirical correlations were typically less than 9%. Pmix CO2/DMC data were measured for 37 < T < 150 oC and were correlated well by a third-order polynomial. Liquid-phase carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]I) varied linearly with pressure for 37 to 100 oC. Liquid-phase volume expansion (AV/) measured for the same temperature range increased exponentially with increasing pressure. Maximum-possible values of [C02]1 and AVI decreased with increasing temperature. [CO211 was 2 to 4 times larger than that of pure CO2 when compared at the same Tand P.
(cont.) We also developed and optimized a practical and high atom-economy C02-based synthetic protocol that afforded amides via the amination of ketenes generated in situ from the thermolysis of 1-alkynyl ethers. A variety of amines, 1-alkynyl ethers, and ketenes participated efficiently in the reaction and produced amides in yields comparable to those of conventional solvents. Experimental phase partitioning observations agreed well with EOS-based predictions and aided in the determination of process operating conditions. Amide yield varied in the order secondary > branched-primary > primary amines, which suggested that carbamic acid formation may have diminished reaction efficiency. t-butoxy-substituted 1-alkynyl ethers produced ketenes at rates faster than ethoxy-substituted ethers and allowed for a considerable reduction in operating temperature. Extension of the amide synthesis protocol to an intramolecular variant that afforded lactams resulted in a significant decrease in selectivity when compared to conventional solvents. We suspected that multi-phasic behavior led to this discrepancy and were able to increase selectivity by 25% using CO2/co-solvent mixtures. Finally, an ab initio quantum chemical kinetic model was developed and was capable of qualitatively predicting observed amide formation dynamics. Product selectivity and amine consumption rate predictions, for example, agreed well with experimental data.
by Rocco P. Ciccolini.
Ph.D.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rahm, Martin. "Green Propellants." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fysikalisk kemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25835.

Full text
Abstract:
To enable future environmentally friendly access to space by means of solid rocket propulsion a viable replacement to the hazardous ammonium perchlorate oxidizer is needed. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is one of few such compounds currently known. Unfortunately compatibility issues with many polymer binder systems and unexplained solid-state behavior have thus far hampered the development of ADN-based propellants. Chapters one, two and three offer a general introduction to the thesis, and into relevant aspects of quantum chemistry and polymer chemistry. Chapter four of this thesis presents extensive quantum chemical and spectroscopic studies that explain much of ADN’s anomalous reactivity, solid-state behavior and thermal stability. Polarization of surface dinitramide anions has been identified as the main reason for the decreased stability of solid ADN, and theoretical models have been developed to explain and predict the solid-state stability of general dinitramide salts. Experimental decomposition characteristics for ADN, such as activation energy and decomposition products, have been explained for different physical conditions. The reactivity of ADN towards many chemical groups is explained by ammonium-mediated conjugate addition reactions. It is predicted that ADN can be stabilized by changing the surface chemistry with additives, for example by using hydrogen bond donors, and by trapping radical intermediates using suitable amine-functionalities. Chapter five presents several conceptual green energetic materials (GEMs), including different pentazolate derivatives, which have been subjected to thorough theoretical studies. One of these, trinitramide (TNA), has been synthesized and characterized by vibrational and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, chapter six covers the synthesis of several polymeric materials based on polyoxetanes, which have been tested for compatibility with ADN. Successful formation of polymer matrices based on the ADN-compatible polyglycidyl azide polymer (GAP) has been demonstrated using a novel type of macromolecular curing agent. In light of these results further work towards ADN-propellants is strongly encouraged.
QC 20101103
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Dakkoune, Amine. "Méthodes pour l'analyse et la prévention des risques d'emballement thermique Zero-order versus intrinsic kinetics for the determination of the time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR_ad): application to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Risk analysis of French chemical industry Fault detection in the green chemical process : application to an exothermic reaction Analysis of thermal runaway events in French chemical industry Early detection and diagnosis of thermal runaway reactions using model-based approaches in batch reactors." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR30.

Full text
Abstract:
L’histoire des événements accidentels dans les industries chimiques montre que leurs conséquences sont souvent graves sur les plans humain, environnemental et économique. Cette thèse vise à proposer une approche de détection et de diagnostic des défauts dans les procédés chimiques afin de prévenir ces événements accidentels. La démarche commence par une étude préalable qui sert à identifier les causes majeures responsables des événements industriels chimiques en se basant sur le retour d’expérience (REX). En France, selon la base de données ARIA, 25% des évènements sont dus à l’emballement thermique à cause d’erreurs d’origine humaine. Il est donc opportun de développer une méthode de détection et de diagnostic précoce des défauts dus à l’emballement thermique. Pour cela nous développons une approche qui utilise des seuils dynamiques pour la détection et la collecte de mesures pour le diagnostic. La localisation des défauts est basée sur une classification des caractéristiques statistiques de la température en fonction de plusieurs modes défectueux. Un ensemble de classificateurs linéaires et de diagrammes de décision binaires indexés par rapport au temps sont utilisés. Enfin, la synthèse de l'acide peroxyformique dans un réacteur discontinu et semi-continu est considérée pour valider la méthode proposée par des simulations numériques et ensuite expérimentales. Les performances de détection de défauts se sont révélées satisfaisantes et les classificateurs ont démontré un taux de séparabilité des défauts élevés
The history of accidental events in chemical industries shows that their human, environmental and economic consequences are often serious. This thesis aims at proposing an approach of detection and diagnosis faults in chemical processes in order to prevent these accidental events. A preliminary study serves to identify the major causes of chemical industrial events based on experience feedback. In France, according to the ARIA database, 25% of the events are due to thermal runaway because of human errors. It is therefore appropriate to develop a method for early fault detection and diagnosis due to thermal runaway. For that purpose, we develop an approach that uses dynamical thresholds for the detection and collection of measurements for diagnosis. The localization of faults is based on a classification of the statistical characteristics of the temperature according to several defectives modes. A multiset of linear classifiers and binary decision diagrams indexed with respect to the time are used for that purpose. Finally, the synthesis of peroxyformic acid in a batch and semi batch reactor is considered to validate the proposed method by numerical simulations and then experiments. Faults detection performance has been proved satisfactory and the classifiers have proved a high isolability rate of faults
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wigley, Max Merlin. "Fluid-mineral reactions in an exhumed CO2-charged aquifer, Green River, Utah, USA." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608145.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Vam, Albert. "Kinetics of the Hydro-Deoxygenation of Stearic Acid over Palladium on Carbon Catalyst in Fixed-Bed Reactor for the Production of Renewable Diesel." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1373313020.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Prosa, Nicolo. "Synthèse supportée d'hétérocycles en milieux éco-compatibles : étude des conditions par lots et en flux continu. Purification par ultrafiltration en phase aqueuse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664999.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans le but de réduire l'utilisation des solvants organiques dans les réactions et dans la purification, nous avons envisagé de coupler la synthèse supportée sur PEGs dans l'eau aux microréacteurs en flux continu et à l'ultrafiltration comme technique de purification. Dans un premier temps nous avons synthétisé des 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones (DHPMs) en utilisant comme étape clef la réaction multicomposant de Biginelli avec un aldéhyde supporté sur PEG. Dans ce but, nous avons trouvé que la liaison du PEG au 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, décrite dans le CH2Cl2, a lieu dans le PEG fondu (70 °C) en absence de solvant. La synthèse des DMPMs a ensuite été réalisée dans l'eau et dans le PEG fondu, à partir de l'aldéhyde supporté, et les produits finaux ont été isolés après saponification. Cette synthèse a ensuite été optimisée en microréacteurs en flux continu dans l'eau et la purification des adduits supportés a été réalisée par ultrafiltration dans l'eau.La stratégie décrite ci-dessus a été appliquée à des synthèses multi-étapes, la réaction de Baylis-Hillmann étant l'étape clef pour la préparation de tétrahydro-1,3-oxazine, tétrazoles, 1,4-oxazepin-3-ones et tétrahydro-1,3-pyrimidin-4-ones, composés dotés d'une activité biologique potentielle. Les synthèses de tétrahydro-1,3-oxazines et d'un tétrazole ont d'abord été optimisées par lots avec les purifications réalisées par ultrafiltration dans l'eau, puis adaptées en microréacteurs en flux continu.Tous les adduits supportés sur PEG ont été caractérisés par RMN et MALDI-Tof, et des nouvelles méthodes d'analyse RMN ont été mises au point afin de réduire l'intensité des signaux dus au PEG et de faciliter l'étude des molécules supportées.En conclusion nous avons développé la synthèse supportée, en milieux éco-compatibles de DHPMs, tétrahydro-1,3-oxazines et d'un tétrazole, par lots et en microréacteurs en flux continu, en utilisant les réactions de Biginelli et Baylis-Hillmann comme étapes clefs. Toutes les purifications ont été réalisées par ultrafiltration dans l'eau, afin de réduire l'utilisation de solvants organiques.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Drouet, Fleur. "Synthèse énantiosélective d'1,2 et 1,3-diamines et Développement de réactions multicomposants dans des conditions oxydantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823407.

Full text
Abstract:
Ce projet scientifique porte sur le développement de nouvelles voies d'accès à des composés azotés hautement fonctionnalisés en s'adaptant aux principes de chimie verte. Tout d'abord, une réaction d'Ugi quatre composants à partir d'alcools a été étudiée. L'utilisation de dérivés de l'iode hypervalent comme oxydant en quantités stoechiométriques ou catalytiques a permis de réaliser un processus one-pot oxydation d'alcools/réaction d'Ugi efficace. Par la suite, une nouvelle réaction de Mannich quatre composants, réalisée en présence d'un acide phosphorique dérivé du BINOL, a permis l'accès à des 1,3-diamines énantiopures. La modification de l'électrophile imine par un composé de type diazène a ensuite mené à des précurseurs d'aminocétones ou d'1,2-diamines énantiopures par un procédé alliant catalyse, synthèse asymétrique et utilisation de composés non toxiques.Enfin, dans la continuité des travaux sur la réactivité des énamides, deux nouvelles réactions multicomposants catalysées au fer ont pu être développées. A partir d'énamides, d'un radical libre et de différents nucléophiles, plusieurs dérivés d'aminoalcools ont pu être synthétisés selon des processus propres et sélectifs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Green chemical reaction"

1

author, Zhang Shufen 1960, ed. Gao xiao fan ying ji shu yu lü se hua xue: Highly Efficient Reaction Technologies & Green Chemistry. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo shi hua chu ban she, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tundo, Pietro, and Vittorio Esposito, eds. Green Chemical Reactions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8457-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

1945-, Tundo Pietro, and Esposito Vittorio, eds. Green chemical reactions. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

1961-, Abraham Martin A., Moens Luc 1957-, American Chemical Society. Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Clean solvents: Alternative media for chemical reactions and processing. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

B, Zwanenburg, Mikołajczyk Marian 1937-, and Kiełbasiński Piotr, eds. Enzymes in action: Green solutions for chemical problems. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Adsorption of Reactive Red 158 Dye by Chemically Treated Cocos Nucifera L. Shell Powder: Adsorption of Reactive Red 158 by Cocos Nucifera L. Dordrecht: The Author(s), 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Sartori, Giovanni. Advances in Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions: Catalytic and Green Processes. CRC, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Maggi, Raimondo, and Giovanni Sartori. Advances in Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions: Catalytic and Green Processes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Maggi, Raimondo, and Giovanni Sartori. Advances in Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions: Catalytic and Green Processes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Maggi, Raimondo, and Giovanni Sartori. Advances in Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions: Catalytic and Green Processes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Green chemical reaction"

1

Sheldon, Roger A. "Reaction Efficiencies and Green Chemistry Metrics of Biotransformations." In Biocatalysis for Green Chemistry and Chemical Process Development, 67–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118028308.ch4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gore, B. L., L. B. Giorgi, and G. Porter. "Picosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Green Plant Photosystem I Reaction Centres." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 398–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82918-5_106.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Neumann, Karsten, Mirka-Kristin Verhoefen, Ingrid Weber, Clemens Glaubitz, and Josef Wachtveitl. "Primary Reaction Dynamics of Green Absorbing Proteorhodopsin WT and D97N Mutant Observed by fs Infrared and Visible Spectroscopy." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 580–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_188.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Saluja, Pooja, Garima Khanna, Ankita Chaudhary, and Jitender M. Khurana. "Synthesis of Spiro[Indene-2,2′-Naphthalene]-4′-Carbonitriles and Spiro[Naphthalene-2,5′-Pyrimidine]-4-carbonitriles via One-pot Three Component Reaction Using Task Specific Ionic Liquid." In Green Chemistry in Environmental Sustainability and Chemical Education, 111–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8390-7_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Akwi, Faith M., and Paul Watts. "The Role of Continuous Flow Processing in the Development of Green Chemical Syntheses." In Green Organic Reactions, 257–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6897-2_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Arévalo, Maria José, Óscar López, and Maria Victoria Gil. "Green Chemical Synthesis and Click Reactions." In Click Reactions in Organic Synthesis, 77–97. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694174.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Knez, Željko, Maja Leitgeb, and Mateja Primožič. "Chemical Reactions in Subcritical Supercritical Fluids." In Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 111–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9060-3_1004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gupta, Meghavi, Noopur Ameta, Surbhi Benjamin, and P. B. Punjabi. "Photo-Fenton Reactions: A Green Chemical Route." In Green Chemistry, 2nd edition, 323–57. 2nd ed. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003431473-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kokel, Anne, Christian Schäfer, and Béla Török. "Microwave-Assisted Reactions in Green Chemistry." In Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 573–612. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9060-3_1008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kodolov, V. I., V. V. Kodolova-Chukhontseva, N. S. Terebova, I. N. Shabanova, Yu V. Pershin, R. V. Mustakimov, and A. Yu Bondar. "Phenomena of Charge Quantization, Interference, and Annihilation in Chemical Reactions of Mesoparticles." In Green Materials and Environmental Chemistry, 163–77. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429330674-10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Green chemical reaction"

1

Du, Mei, Yiwei Jia, and Graham R. Fleming. "Femtosecond Spectroscopic Studies of Barrierless Reaction of Triphenylmethane Dye Molecules in Alcohol Solutions." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.thd.3.

Full text
Abstract:
Many chemical and biological reactions proceed on a potential surface with a low barrier or lack of barrier from reactant to product along the reaction coordinate1,2. In a barrierless case, the interaction between the surrounding medium and reactants (or products) provide the only frictional force in affecting the chemical reactions. In general, the frictional force includes two parts: frictional force from the solvent and from non-reactive vibrational modes of reactants or products. Thus, from the perspective of chemical reactions in solution, a barrierless reaction is a prototype in studying both the interactions between reactants(or products) with the surrounding medium and the role of vibrational relaxation during the course of chemical reaction. In this work, we choose triphenylmethane dye molecules: malachite green and crystal violet in alcohol solutions as two model systems to investigate the nature of the barrierless process at initial time and the effect of both solvent and intramolecular vibrational modes during the reaction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Xie, Renchao, Tao Huang, F. Richard Yu, and Yunjie Liu. "Caching Design in Green Content Centric Networking Based on Chemical Reaction Optimization." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Internet of Things(iThings) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing(CPSCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencom-ithings-cpscom.2013.33.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Menon, A. S., C. L. Hii, C. L. Law, S. Suzannah, and M. Djaeni. "Effects of water blanching on polyphenol reaction kinetics and quality of cocoa beans." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938291.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Widiyastuti, W., Siti Machmudah, Kusdianto, Tantular Nurtono, and Sugeng Winardi. "Characteristics of ZnO nanostructures synthesized by sonochemical reaction: Effects of continuous and pulse waves." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938316.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Schael, Frank, Krishna Nigam, and Patrick Rojahn. "Green engineering approach with microstructured coiled flow inverter for CMF and HMF continuous flow synthesis." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ikvz3189.

Full text
Abstract:
Since the first publication of the 12 green engineering principles by Anastas and coworkers in 2003 a considerable body of literature developed the idea and its systematic application further. Nowadays several chemical process assessment tools include green engineering principles. This talk gives an overview on the status of green engineering in process assessment and presents a process development example following green engineering principles such as employment of renewable rather than depleting feedstocks and maximization of mass, energy, space and time efficiency among others. In particular, investigations of the technical synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural HMF and 5-(chloromethyl) furfural CMF from sugars and sugar containing waste streams is presented. HMF and CMF attracted a lot of attention in recent literature as potential candidates for new platform chemicals. However, mainly studies of batch processes are so far available. In continuation of earlier investigations process development for a continuous flow synthesis of HMF and CMF is performed by means of a reactive extraction which allows to beneficially combine separation and reaction unit operations in a single processing step. A coiled flow inverter reactor concept with reactor diameters on the scale of millimeter and submillimeter is used. The hydrodynamic properties of the reactor concept in conjunction with small reactor diameters assure efficient heat and mass transfer, narrow residence time distribution and improved safety when compared to regular batch processes. The continuous flow approach allows more easy adaption to changing processing demands and better process control. In systematic investigations environmentally benign extraction solvents, reaction temperature, initial sugar concentrations, and reactor geometry is varied. Kinetic details as well as the influence of flow regimes of the two-phase mixture and hydrodynamic aspects of the reactor operation are elucidated. This information is of relevance for optimization for a later scale-up of the process in line with green engineering principles.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kumoro, Andri Cahyo, Diah Susetyo Retnowati, Ratnawati, and Catarina Sri Budiyati. "Implementation of steady state approximation for modelling of reaction kinetic of UV catalysed hydrogen peroxide oxidation of starch." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938340.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hidayat, Arif, Rochmadi, Karna Wijaya, and Arief Budiman. "Reaction kinetics of free fatty acids esterification in palm fatty acid distillate using coconut shell biochar sulfonated catalyst." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938341.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ramasamy, Jothibasu, and Mohammad K. Arfaj. "Sustainable and Green Drilling Fluid Additives Development." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31350-ms.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Oil and gas drilling requires several components work simultaneously to ensure smooth and safe drilling. Drilling fluid or mud is an inseparable part of drilling oil and gas wells and circulated through out theh drilling operation. Drilling fluid contains a variety of additives or chemicals to provide various properties to drilling fluid namely viscosity, fluid loss control, emulsion stability, lubricity, etc. Developing environment friendly chemicals to provide the above-mentioned drilling fluid properties is a significant step taken towards sustainability and reducing carbon footprint besides suitability for aquifers and offshore environments. Several fatty acid-based chemicals used in drilling fluids as fatty acids offer eco-friendly and bio-degradable properties besides required drilling fluid properties. Vegatable oil contains triglycerides which is a potential source of fatty acids and their derivatives. Waste vegetable oil (WVO) provides a perpetual and sustainable source of raw material for various types of eco-friendly additives development. Waste vegetable oil is subjected to simple chemical modification of base hydrolysis process and mixtures of fatty acids have been obtained after finishing a sequence of clean-up process of reaction mixture. The fatty acids obtained are environment-friendly, bio-degradable and non-toxic. Due to technical, economic and environmental advantages of products derived from waste vegetable oils, we have undertaken several research projects to produce various chemicals from waste vegetable oil for oil and gas field applications. Fatty acid-based products mainly used in drilling fluids as lubricants to reduce torque and drag for water-based mud. In case of oil-based mud systems, fatty acid derived products are used as emulsifiers, wetting agents and rheology modifiers. However, these products have been either mixture of fatty acids and their derivatives or only derivatives of fatty acids. In our study, we have used the mixture of fatty acids obtained from chemical conversion of WVO for applications as lubricant for water-based mud and emulsifier and rheology modifier for invert emulsion oil-based mud systems. In this paper, we described the chemicals process for converting waste vegetable oil to fatty acids by base hydrolysis reaction in the first section. Application of synthesized fatty acids for water-based and oil-based mud formulation as lubricants, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers have been discussed in the second part of the paper.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Murti, S. D. Sumbogo, Fusia Mirda Yanti, Atti Sholihah, Asmi Rima Juwita, Joni Prasetyo, Meyly Ekawati Thebora, Edwin Pramana, and Hens Saputra. "Synthesis of green diesel through hydrodeoxygenation reaction of used cooking oil over NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019 (ICIMECE 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000604.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Rohova, Maryna, Vladyslav Kovalenko, Volodymyr Tkachenko, Inna Lych, and Iryna Voloshyna. "Green Biosynthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iv.12.

Full text
Abstract:
Currently there is a growing need for the development of an environmentally friendly process of synthesis of nanoparticles, during which no toxic chemicals are used. That is why an important area of research in nanotechnology sphere is the synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast (detoxification often occurs by reduction of metal ions/formation of metal sulfides). Bacteria are the organism of choice due to their fast growth, high efficiency and low cost. Metal nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial properties, but the properties of nanoparticles depend on their size and shape, making them specific for different applications. Nevertheless, the desired size and shape of nanoparticles can be obtained by optimizing the synthesis process through manipulating their reaction conditions. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is an alternative to chemical and physical methods, as it is non-toxic and biocompatible. Despite the relevance of the application of the “green synthesis” method in the field of nanotechnology, biosynthesis by bacterial organisms has certain disadvantages, such as a high probability of pathogenicity, labour-intensive cultivation, and pollution problems. Ultimately, there is a need to explore more potential microorganisms for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The paper provides a review of literature data on the biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles using lactic acid microorganisms. It was shown that bacteria are capable of synthesizing both extracellular and intracellular nanoparticles in the wavelength range of 315-392 nm. Data on the manifestation of antimicrobial properties by zinc nanoparticles against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial microorganisms and micromycetes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Green chemical reaction"

1

Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

Full text
Abstract:
20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lucia, Lucian A., Dimitri S. Argyropoulos, and Sanghamitra Sen. Feasibility Study for the Use of Green, Bio-Based, Efficient Reactive Sorbent Material to Neutralize Chemical Warfare Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582167.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Green chemical reaction' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography