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Wietgrefe, Wade Wesley. "Infrastructure Planning: A Green Approach." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190409.
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Talaganov, Goce. "Green VoIP : A SIP Based Approach." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98795.
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This master thesis presents, examines, designs, implements, and evaluates with respect to energy efficiency a secure and robust VoIP system. This system utilizes a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) infrastructure assisted by a cloud service, specifically focusing on small to medium sized enterprises (SME) and homes. This research focuses on using inexpensive, flexible, commodity embedded hardware (specifically a Linksys WRT54GL wireless router for the local site with a customized operating system, specifically DD-WRT). The idea is to reduce the local site's power consumption to very low levels by examining which functions can be done in a cloud service rather than at the local site. The thesis presents the design of a low-power IP telephony system for the local site and the cloud site. A number of different usage scenarios and desirable features are described. The methodology for conducting a set of experiments is defined to perform stress-testing and to evaluate the low- power IP telephony system's design. The experiments concern the overall power consumption of the local site under various configurations, the VPN link's call capacity, the QoS metrics for the VoIP calls, the session request delay (SRD) and the registration request delay (RRD). The results from these experiments show that there is a potential for significant power savings when using the proposed design for an IP telephony system.Detta examensarbete presenterar, undersöker, utformar, implementerar, och försöker att utvärdera ett säkert och robust VoIP-system med energieffektivitet. Detta system använder en Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-infrastruktur med hjälp av en molntjänst med särskild inriktning på, små, och medelstora företag (SME) och hemmanvändare. Denna forskning fokuserar att använda en prisvärt, billig, flexibel, med program inbyggd hårdvara (speciellt en Linksys WRT54GL trådlös router för den lokala platsen med ett anpassat operativsystem DD-WRT). Tanken är att minska energiförbrukningen på, den lokala platsen till mycket låga nivåer genom att undersöka vilka funktioner, som kan köras på, ett molntjnst snarare än på, den lokala platsen. Avhandlingen presenterar utformningen av ett IP-telefonisystem på, den lokala platsen med ett lågt strömbehov och på, molntjänsten. Ett antal olika användningsförhållanden och önskvärda egenskaper är beskrivna. Metodiken för att genomföra en rad experiment definieras för att utföra stresstester och för att utvärdera designen av IP-telefonisystem med ett lågt effektbehov. I försöken experimenteras den totala energiförbrukningen av den lokala platsen under olika konfigurationer, VPN-länkens samtalskapacitet, QoS-mätning för VoIP-samtal, Session Request Delay (SRD) och Registration Request Delay (RRD). Resultaten från dessa experiment visar att det finns en potential för betydande energibesparing när du använder den föreslagna designen för en IP-telefoni system.
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Shepley, N. S. "Henry Green : an oblique approach to the everyday." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/803468/.
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Most work on the mid-twentieth-century English novelist Henry Green either seeks to place his writing firmly within its social and historical context or else offers up a single reading of the novels, focusing on the poetic or recreative qualities of Green's 1940s work. This thesis offers a different reading, neither taking the novels as all of a piece nor ignoring Green's later work. It suggests that his fiction plays with narrative form and the obliqueness of language to explore and reveal the indeterminacy of the everyday, from the earliest short stories -published in 1923 in the Eton ephemeral, College Days -right through to his last two dialogic novels, Nothing (1950) and Doting (1952). This thesis begins, drawing on Green's letters to Nevill Coghill and building on Jeremy Treglown's 2000 biography of Green, with an examination of how the open-ended pseudonym Henry Green, as a nominal half of Henry Yorke, the novelist's real name, provides neither total anonymity nor authorial authenticity. This ambivalence continues with the growing narratorial impersonality and indirection of the novels: the enigmatic multiplicity of symbols in Living (1929) and Party Going (1939); the underlying psychological impact of trauma in Caught (1943) and Back (1946); and the recurrent deflation or relegation of the event throughout Green's oeuvre. With Nothing and Doting, the author's presence is virtually erased, creating a connotative intensity reminiscent of the pseudonym Green -albeit stylistically rather than nominally where the repetition of conversational cliches can go by unnoticed, be read as poetry, or anything in between. Green's writing is undoubtedly poetic and extraordinary, but attention is also due to the cliched, repetitive or uneventful aspects of his fiction, which critics continue to dismiss. This study sets out to uncover a little more of the vast potential Which lies within this unostentatious backdrop of Green's work.
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Salinas, Vaccaro Alejandro Andrés. "Synthetic biology approach for green macroalgal biomass depolymerization." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31454.
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Green macroalgae represent an attractive source of renewable carbon. Conversion of algal biomass to useful products requires depolymerization of the cell wall polysaccharides cellulose and ulvan. Cellulose saccharification has been widely studied and involves synergistic action of endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. The enzymatic depolymerization of ulvan has not received the same attention and additional studies are required in order to fully understand the mechanisms involved in its biodegradation. Synthetic biology offers the possibility of importing modules such as biomass-degrading systems and biofuel producing pathways from different organisms into a genetically tractable host such as Escherichia coli. In this study it was shown that E. coli expressing the glycosidase CHU2268 of Cytophaga hutchinsonii grows well on cello-oligosaccharides such as cellohexaose, and co-expression with the endoglucanase CenA of Cellulomonas fimi allows growth on untreated crystalline cellulose. Moreover, a model for ulvan utilization was built for the first time based on a polysaccharide utilization locus from the alga-associated flavobacterium Formosa agariphila. It was also shown that F. agariphila, is able to grow using biomass from the green macroalga Ulva lactuca as its sole carbon source, and enzymes with ulvanase activity are induced by the presence of this alga in the culture medium. Enzymes for ulvan depolymerization from F. agariphila, including an ulvan lyase, xylanases and rhamnosidases, were cloned using the PaperClip DNA assembly method and expressed in active form in E. coli. Furthermore, a secretion system based on the use of the Antigen 43 was successfully used to secrete an active ulvan lyase using E. coli and ribosome binding sites of different strengths were studied and used to optimize the system. These results represent a first step for the design of a microorganism capable of utilizing green macroalgal biomass for the production of biofuels and other valuable bio-products.
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Boyer, de la Giroday Elsa, and David Stenvall. "Green Investments Under Uncertainty : - A cross-quantilogram approach." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158100.
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In this study, we analyze the quantile dependence for green bond returns and renewable energy stock returns with three major asset classes: corporate bonds, stocks and oil. Furthermore, we control the dependence structure for technology, uncertainties as well as lag structures and time-varying effects. We apply the cross-quantilogram developed by Han et al. (2016) that allows us to study the dependence structures between two time series in arbitrary quantiles. The results led us to three key findings: 1) The returns of thegreen bond market are tail-dependent on the returns of both long and short-term maturities for the corporate bond market but are not dependent on the stock market nor the oil market. The tail-dependence indicates that while investors may hold green bonds due to moral incentives, it is not enough during times of turbulence. Further, the dependence structures are short-lived. 2)The renewable energy market is dependent on oil returns of similar quantiles, suggesting that renewable energy substitutes oil when oil prices increase. However, renewable energy does not influence the oil market, indicating that oil is not a substitutional energy source for renewable energy driven firms. Renewable energy stocks are further highly dependent on the returns of the general stock market but are not influenced by the returns on the corporate bond market. 3) The dependence of both renewable energy and green bonds with the asset markets are time-varying. Our overall results obtained by this paper provides information that could help facilitate new investment allocations towards green investments. Further, the results may have immediate and important implications for investors. For those in the corporate bond market, adding green bonds does not add diversification benefits during turbulence. Similarly, renewable energy stock does not add diversification benefits to investors in the oil or stock market.
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CABRAS, VALENTINA. "Green Synthesis Approach to Coordination Polymers by Mechanochemistry." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249603.
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The field of Metal-Organic Frameworks, also known with the abbreviation MOFs, has been subjected to an accelerated growth in the last 15 years. The process of mixing quickly available metal precursors with organic ligands—many of which are commercially available—to produce a wide range of frameworks, is capturing the interest of chemists and materials scientists worldwide.
There is an important link between MOF chemistry and fields of inorganic and coordination chemistry, there is also a conceptual link into the field of materials chemistry that has evolved applications ranging from catalysis to energy storage. Organic chemistry is also able to contribute to the MOFs design by the synthesis of new ligands with the aim of giving different properties to the MOF wall. X-ray crystallography and solid-state chemistry provide information about the structures of MOFs so that the process of designing and synthesizing MOFs can be refined to control a targeted property of those frameworks.
My PhD thesis aims to explore, especially from the point of view of synthetic and structural, morphological, thermal and textural characterizations, the chemistry of Coordination Polymers (CPs) and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Mechanochemical synthesis has been adopted as a powerful method for environmentally-friendly CPs and MOFs synthesis. The experimental section, have been divided in four parts: the first part concerns the efficient mechanosynthesis of an iron(III) trimesate MOF and its usage for the adsorption of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) from a simulated low-sulfur diesel fuel. In the second, the structural, thermal and morphological properties of CPs based on unsatured Ni(II) dithiophostato/ dithiophospnonato complexes and 4,4’-bipyridine as linker are outlined. The third part dials with an array study of reactivity under mechanochemical conditions of a set of CPs based on the same unsatured Ni(II) complexes with different topologies of polydentate ligands. The final part is dedicated to the attempt to obtain thio-functionalized ligands for design, synthesis and future application in CP/ MOF architecture.
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Olsen, Sarah. "Synthesis of Copper Sulphides: A Green Chemistry Microwave Approach." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279452.
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Peratt, Cody Alan. "Green ingrained : a sustainable approach to mountain resort development." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1479.
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Rajabi, Khamesi Atieh. "A Stochastic Geometry approach towards Green Communications in 5G." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422676.
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In this dissertation, we investigate two main research directions towards net- work efficiency and green communications in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) as a promising network structure for the fifth generation of mobile systems. In order to analyze the networks, we use a powerful mathematical tool, named stochastic geometry. In our research, first we study the performance of MIMO technology in single-tier and two-tier HetNets. In this work, we apply a more realistic network model in which the correlation between tiers is taken into account. Comparing the obtained results with the commonly used model shows performance enhancement and greater efficiencies in cellular networks. As the second part of our research, we apply two Cell Zooming (CZ) techniques to HetNets. With focus on green communications, we present a K−tier HetNet in which BSs are only powered by energy har- vesting. Despite the uncertain nature of energy arrivals, combining two CZ techniques, namely telescopic and ON/OFF scenarios, enables us to achieve higher network performance in terms of the coverage and blocking probabilities while reducing the total power consumption and increasing the energy and spectral efficiencies.In this dissertation, we investigate two main research directions towards net- work efficiency and green communications in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) as a promising network structure for the fifth generation of mobile systems. In order to analyze the networks, we use a powerful mathematical tool, named stochastic geometry. In our research, first we study the performance of MIMO technology in single-tier and two-tier HetNets. In this work, we apply a more realistic network model in which the correlation between tiers is taken into account. Comparing the obtained results with the commonly used model shows performance enhancement and greater efficiencies in cellular networks. As the second part of our research, we apply two Cell Zooming (CZ) techniques to HetNets. With focus on green communications, we present a K−tier HetNet in which BSs are only powered by energy har- vesting. Despite the uncertain nature of energy arrivals, combining two CZ techniques, namely telescopic and ON/OFF scenarios, enables us to achieve higher network performance in terms of the coverage and blocking probabilities while reducing the total power consumption and increasing the energy and spectral efficiencies.
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Wortmann, Daniel. "An embedding green function approach for electron transport through interfaces." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96909860X.
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Du, Preez Riekert. "A model for green IT strategy : a content analysis approach." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1485.
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Society’s reliance on Information Technology (IT) has increased tremendously in the last few decades. Unfortunately, the growth of the IT sector has occurred at the expense of the environment. The adverse environmental impact of IT operations is partly due to the production and disposal of IT equipment, which can result in harmful pollution and toxic materials being released into the environment. Furthermore, IT equipment consumes large amounts of electricity, and this results in significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) being released into the atmosphere. Since CO2 is classified as a greenhouse gas, it contributes to the phenomenon of climate change. Organisations are socially and ethically required to minimise the environmental impact of their IT operations. However, in addition to fulfilling their responsibility towards environmental sustainability, organisations can gain a competitive advantage through adopting green IT practices. In order to reap the benefits of green IT and to fulfil their social and ethical responsibilities, organisations need to formulate and implement a comprehensive green IT strategy. When formulating strategic decisions, the use of a clear decision process enhances the effectiveness of such decisions. As a result, top IT management require a model or framework which could guide their thinking and allow for a clear decision process when formulating green IT strategy. However, after an extensive search of the literature had been conducted, a research gap was identified for the definition of a model which deals specifically with the formulation and execution of green IT strategy. As a result, this treatise sets out to answer the question of what organisations should consider when formulating and implementing green IT strategy. To answer the research question, the treatise defines a model for green IT strategy. The model was defined by conducting a content analysis of the literature on green IT. The content-analysis ABSTRACT iii research technique was utilised to identify the underlying concepts within the literature related to green IT strategy formulation and execution. The resulting model indicates that green IT strategy formulation requires holistic thinking, since several forces affect green IT strategy. As a result, these forces should be considered when a green IT strategy is to be formulated. However, even if a strategy is formulated by considering all the forces at play, it is of little use if it is not implemented effectively. The model indicates that green IT strategy should be implemented though a series of practices. These practices are not limited to IT practices alone, but include, in addition, several business practices. This indicates that green IT adoption extends far beyond the mere implementation of green technology.
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Chandra, Shailja Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Investigating green building assessment tools: a risk-analysis based approach." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Built Environment, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24970.
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This research investigates risks arising from the mechanism of green building assessment tools that may impact on the consistency of their outcomes and render them ineffective in reliably fulfilling their goals in the building industry. None of the past efforts at developing assessment tools have focused on the risk aspects of assessment tools. Moreover, slowly the building industry has started placing considerable reliance on them without completely understanding the consequences of potential risks. The origin of risks lies in the realization that assessing sustainability in buildings is complex and full of conflicting concepts and opinions, and that amidst all this, assessment tools are expected to deliver multiple performance objectives and goals. Given that the importance of assessing sustainability in buildings cannot be ignored, it becomes extremely important that assessment tools are understood well and are free from risks. To accomplish this, an array of potential risks are systematically brought together using a risk categorization method, which facilitated a basis to critically analyse the literature in the light of risks. This addressed the acknowledged gap in the literature on risks relating to assessment tools. Four categories are discussed under this categorization. These categories provide a basis for the quantitative investigation, which applies techniques of uncertainty analysis to quantify these risks. In the quantitative investigation, uncertainty in 40 input parameters is propagated through several alternative forms of the mechanism of assessment tools. The input parameters are selected using the assessment data of a case study (Arts Faculty building, University of Sunshine Coast). The design of alternative forms of the mechanism is based on the identified risk categories and is carried out using a vehicle assessment tool (Green Building Tool). The uncertainty propagation is carried out using a risk analysis tool (@Risk). Descriptive statistics is deployed to analyse the results of the uncertainty propagations. Analysis of the results has brought an understanding and insights into various aspects of the mechanism in the context of their predisposition to increase or decrease risks. To ensure that an assessment tool's specific goals are fulfilled, the mechanism needs to be designed carefully so that it is low-risk and appropriate to the intent. By providing in-depth insights into the mechanism, the methodology and outcomes of this research are important for the future development of green building assessment tools.
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Beauchamp, Pierre. "Water-centric approach to developing green infrastructure (framework and cost)." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123225.
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WATER-CENTRIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: Framework and CostPierre Beauchamp, P. Eng., 15 avril 2014AbstractGreen infrastructure (GI) has emerged as an active term of reference in project development planning. However, elaboration and discussion of integrated frameworks to assist engineering organizations in planning the start-up of new projects are largely absent from GI research literature, particularly in the context of greening and sustainability. The present study attempts to bridge this gap by developing and proposing an integrated framework focused on the start-up development of green projects relating to storm water, water supply, and wastewater.The present study's first objective was to explore the use of fully integrated GI in the engineering design of a biophilic development incorporating sustainability principles. To achieve the desired teamwork, a clear sequence of tasks to define the workflow was required. A review of the literature led to the identification of several different approaches, from which I selected four, improved, and then employed them to build a ready-to-use framework of sequenced tasks. These tasks included all components of water management (precipitation and drainage, water supply and wastewater). A case study in China employed in testing this framework demonstrated that all GI components could be integrated into one approach. While the structuring of an integrated water-centric development (IWCD) approach was found to be applicable to a wide range of projects, appropriate capacity building was critical to its success.In support of the study's second objective, the newly proposed framework was implemented to compare, in the form of a feasibility study, the economic benefits of investment and overall cost of designing green with those of designing conventionally in the case of a new institutional pole for the city of Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec, Canada. While the study showed increases in the value of GI projects to mirror the construction costs of such projects, it also found that implementing GI (vs. conventional) infrastructure can result in savings in both construction and life cycle costs. Therefore, GI can provide significant economic benefits to cities.The study showed that a GI project including components from water source to wastewater disposal would cost 15 percent more, at the level of each housing unit, than a conventional infrastructure design. However, the study also demonstrated that the value of each housing unit would be 15 to 27 percent greater in a green neighborhood than in a conventionally designed neighborhood. This would provide an equivalent increase in tax revenues for the municipality. Although many frameworks have been proposed for stimulating a green urban agenda, few have offered a start-up methodology for incorporating biophilia within the engineer's design. This study served to develop a new integrated framework for storm water, wastewater, water supply, and street layout for GI projects.WATER-CENTRIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: Framework and CostPierre Beauchamp, ing. 15 avril 2014RésuméLe thème des infrastructures vertes (GI) est devenu un terme de référence dans la planification du développement des projets. Toutefois, les approches intégrées pour aider les organisations d'ingénierie dans la planification de la mise en place de nouveaux projets verts sont largement absents de la littérature, en particulier dans le contexte du développement durable. La présente étude vise à combler cette lacune en développant et en proposant une approche axée sur le développement d'une structure de démarrage des projets verts, et en tenant compte du drainage, de l'approvisionnement en eau et du traitement des eaux-usées.Le premier objectif de la présente étude est d'explorer l'utilisation des infrastructures vertes pleinement intégrées dans la conception technique d'un développement durable et dans le contexte d'un développement biophile d'une ville. Pour supporter un travail d'équipe, l'élaboration d'une séquence claire des tâches à exécuter a été nécessaire. Une revue de la littérature a conduit à l'identification de plusieurs approches différentes, à partir de laquelle quatre propositions ont été retenues. De là une approche améliorée, a été conçue pour définir les tâches séquentielles permettant de démarrer un projet vert. Ces tâches comprennent toutes les composantes de la gestion de l'eau (drainage, approvisionnement en eau et eaux-usées). Une étude de cas en Chine a permis de vérifier l'acuité de cette approche. Cette étude a permis de démontrer que toutes les composantes de l'infrastructure verte pourraient être intégrées dans un nouveau projet de développement. Cette approche est nettement centrée sur l'eau.Pour satisfaire un deuxième objectif de l'étude, la nouvelle approche proposée a été utilisée pour comparer, dans le cadre d'une étude de faisabilité, les avantages économiques d'un investissement vert avec celle d'une conception classique, pour l'élaboration du concept d'un nouveau pôle institutionnel de la ville de Vaudreuil- Dorion PQ, Canada. Bien que l'étude ait montré que le coût de construction des projets verts était plus élevé, il a été constaté que sur un cycle de vie les infrastructures vertes peuvent entrainer des économies d'entretien. Les infrastructures vertes peuvent apporter des avantages économiques importants pour les villes.L'étude a démontré que les coûts d'immobilisation des infrastructures vertes étaient de 15% supérieures à comparer à des infrastructures conventionnelles sur la base d'une unité de logement. Par contre, l'étude a également démontré que la valeur de chaque unité d'habitation serait de 15 à 27 pour cent plus élevée dans un quartier vert plutôt que dans un quartier de conception conventionnelle. Cela permet une augmentation équivalente des recettes fiscales pour une municipalité.Bien que de nombreuses approches ont été identifiées, peu d'entre elles permettre de démarrer un projet d'ingénierie biophile. Cette étude a permis d'élaborer une nouvelle approche intégrée pour la mise en place d'infrastructures vertes qui tient compte de la place de l'eau dans le développement.
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Keville, Kurt (Kurt Lawrence). "Green HPC : a system design approach to energy-efficient datacenters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67557.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
Green HPC is the new standard for High Performance Computing (HPC). This has now become the primary interest among HPC researchers because of a renewed emphasis on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and the pursuit of higher performance. Quite simply, the cost of operating modern HPC equipment can rapidly outstrip the cost of acquisition. This phenomenon is recent and can be traced to the inadequacies in modern CPU and Datacenter systems design. This thesis analyzes the problem in its entirety and describe best practice fixes to solve the problems of energy-inefficient HPC.
by Kurt Keville.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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North, Peter. "Local exchange trading systems : a social movement approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361077.
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Bitar, Marianne. "Biotechnological approach for the removal of green pigments from Canola oil." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78248.
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Optimization of the culture conditions for the biomass production of the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum was investigated in relation to chlorophyllase activity. To obtain the highest total chlorophyllase activity, the biomass of P. tricornutum was harvested after a period of 7 days of incubation during which the incubation temperature was maintained at 18°C for 18 h during the day and 10°C for 6 h during the night. During culture incubation, illumination was provided by fluorescent lamps projecting an incident intensity of 330 mumol/m2.s and the pH of the culture was maintained at 8.4, adjusted by a stream flow of CO 2. The hydrolytic activity of a partially purified chlorophyllase extract, obtained from the fresh biomass of P. tricornutum, was investigated in an aqueous/miscible organic solvent system containing refined bleached deodorized (RBD) canola oil, and chlorophyll or pheophytin as substrate. The effect of a wide range of oil contents, chlorophyll and pheophytin concentrations, acetone concentrations, incubation temperatures and agitation speeds on the enzyme activity was studied. The optimum reaction conditions for chlorophyllase biocatalysis were determined to consist of 20% oil, 10% acetone and a 200 rpm agitation speed with optimum temperatures and substrate concentrations of 35°C and 12.6 muM for chlorophyll, and 30°C and 9.3 muM for pheophytin. The presence of RBD canola oil showed an inhibitory effect on chlorophyllase activity whereas acetone acted as an activator at low concentrations and an inhibitor at higher ones. Moreover, chlorophyllase showed a limited affinity towards pheophytin as substrate compared to that obtained for chlorophyll. Selected samples of crude commercial canola oil were analyzed for their green pigment content using high-performance liquid chromatography and chlorophyllase biocatalysis was investigated on eight varieties of crude commercial canola oil. The chlorophyllase activity was lower in th
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Tripoli, Regis. "A green route to oxindole alkaloids : a new approach to horsfiline." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273443.
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Kayan, Brit Anak. "Green maintenance for historic masonry buildings : a life cycle assessment approach." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2676.
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This research establishes the concept of ‘Green Maintenance’ modelling for historic masonry buildings. It recognises the important role of maintenance and repair in reducing embodied carbon expenditure, thus minimising the Environmental Maintenance Impact (EMI) typically associated with the deterioration of external stone masonry walls. The model was developed using a mathematical framework, and it generated results described in terms of EMI. This model utilises life-cycle assessment (LCA) ‘cradle-to-site’ over a selected maintenance period. The work evaluates embodied carbon expenditure from different stone masonry wall repair techniques for historic masonry buildings during their maintenance phase. It was discovered that embodied carbon expenditure for these repair techniques are highly influenced by the number of maintenance interventions, longevity of repairs, total wall surface repaired (m2), the embodied carbon coefficient value (‘cradle-to-gate’) and kg/km emission factors (‘gate-to-site’) associated with materials and repair processes. Based on the EMI in terms of embodied carbon expenditure generated from the results of ‘Green Maintenance’, the efficiency of stone masonry wall repair techniques can be determined. This not only aids in maintenance decisions making processes, but also contributes in substantiating the philosophical defensibility and sustainability of interventions. In the broader sense, this model is not simply confined to masonry and will be of use to those entrusted with the repair of other elements and components.
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Lloyd, Rhiannon. "An institutional approach to understanding the green paradox of nuclear power." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58700/.
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This thesis proposes that the range of institutional logics provided by both Friedland and Alford (1991) and Thornton, Ocasio and Lounsbury (2012) has overlooked the inclusion of an environmental societal logic. The concept of an environmental logic is therefore developed and applied in order to understand how a ‘green paradox’ surrounding nuclear power emerged over the past sixty years of the UK civil nuclear energy programme. The research employs a Critical Realist ontology (Bhaskar 1975) and constructs a qualitative and historical case study of the nuclear power industry via the analysis of newspaper articles and Government policy documents. The findings show that the green nuclear debate was informed by four ‘situated’ manifestations of an environmental societal logic which informed the environmental values and expectations of different actor groups engaged in the debate. In particular, the thesis shows how a situated target-based environmental logic emerged within the energy industry as a result of embedded institutional work and eventually informed the arguments promoting green nuclear. These arguments remained in contention with those of the environmental movement who maintained that nuclear power was definitively not environmentally friendly. Additionally, the Critical Realist ontology provides a framework with which to explore levels of meaning and structure and thus offers a means to explain this ‘situated’ nature of institutional logics. This thesis contributes to existing institutional theory in three key ways: Firstly it proposes and illustrates the theoretical and analytical utility of an environmental institutional logic. Secondly it develops the concept of a situated logic and, in doing so, builds an improved understanding of the ways in which agency, institutional logics and the institutional structure of industries interconnect. Thirdly it demonstrates and explains how one societal logic may become situated in multiple and possibly contradictory ways depending on the actor groups in which it manifests.
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Graber, Jay. "The green tailgate: alternative approach to stormwater management at sports venues." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4485.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
William P. Winslow III
Sports venues require large amounts of parking to facilitate the number of spectators attending an event. The parking, mostly surface, is underutilized when compared to traditional parking lots accommodating daily use. Large parking surfaces alter the natural hydrological cycle by generating large volumes of runoff. Over time, pollutants build up on a parking surface and are discharged into a stormwater drainage system during a rain event. The intent of the research is to investigate the use of Best Management Practices that ultimately reduce the pollutant loads created by stormwater runoff while creating amenities for spectators that could potentially generate revenue. The focus of the study will be on a 400 acre sports venue in Kansas City, Missouri, the Truman Sports Complex. To understand retrofitting stormwater management practices, one must understand how large parking lots are constructed and understand successful examples. Through the use of archival research, interviews and analysis of two parking lot case studies, Northgate Mall in Seattle, Washington and US Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois, the research analyzed how retrofitting design solutions are utilized to reduce stormwater pollutant loads. Each case study documents a distinct type of retrofitting strategy; bioswales at Northgate Mall and permeable concrete pavers at US Cellular Field. Using the Design Point Method developed by the Center for Watershed Protection, the research analyzes each case study retrofit design solution - conceptually and post construction. The Design Point Method allowed the research to measure the success of retrofitting strategies and informed the research to as to how the strategies could be implemented at the Truman Sports Complex. The conclusion of the project is a retrofit design solution of a surface parking lot at the Truman Sports Complex. Using the Design Point Method as an analysis tool, the final study provides compelling evidence that retrofitting existing surface parking lots at sports venues using Best Management Practices provides a sustainable solution to reducing pollutant loads while creating the potential for enhancing the tailgate experience for the sports fan.
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Fairlie, Reinoso Alan. "Graduate Programs in Green Growth and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117886.
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Since the concern about the negative impacts of the current economic modelin the scarcity of natural resources and their conservation, it comes the need toconfront them and create, from academia, some research areas that include thesenew features and development trends. In this paper, an overview of the conceptualaspects of the main proposals for the transition to sustainable development isperformed, such as the Green Growth, Bio-Commerce, Bio-Economy, amongothers. Then, it is identified and analyzed a group of graduate programs developedon the sustainable development. Finally, a comparative balance, based on the offerof the Master of Bio and Sustainable Development.Dada la preocupación por los impactos negativos que tiene el actual modeloeconómico en la escasez de recursos naturales y la conservación de estos, nacela necesidad de enfrentarlos y crear, desde la academia, áreas de estudios quecontemplen estas nuevas opciones y tendencias de desarrollo. En el presentedocumento, se realiza una introducción a los aspectos conceptuales de lasprincipales propuestas para la transición hacia el desarrollo sostenible, como sonel crecimiento verde, biocomercio, bioeconomía, entre otros. Luego, se identificay analiza un grupo de programas de posgrado desarrollados en las líneas dedesarrollo sostenible. Por último, se consolida un balance comparativo sobre labase de la oferta de la Maestría de Biocomercio y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Dada a preocupação com os impactos negativos do atual modelo econômicona escassez de recursos naturais e à conservação destes, vem a necessidade deenfrentá-los e criar, a partir de universidades, áreas de pesquisa que incluemesses novos recursos e tendências de desenvolvimento. Neste trabalho, uma visãogeral dos aspectos conceituais das principais propostas para a transição para odesenvolvimento sustentável é realizada. o crescimento verde, Bio-Comércio,Bio-Economia, entre outros. Em seguida, identifica e analisa um grupo deprogramas de pós-graduação desenvolvidos sobre as linhas de desenvolvimentosustentável. Finalmente, um balanço consolidado comparativo baseado na ofertado Mestrado em Bio e Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
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Chinenyeze, Samuel Jaachimma. "Mango : a model-driven approach to engineering green Mobile Cloud Applications." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/976572.
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With the resource constrained nature of mobile devices and the resource abundant offerings of the cloud, several promising optimisation techniques have been proposed by the green computing research community. Prominent techniques and unique methods have been developed to offload resource/computation intensive tasks from mobile devices to the cloud. Most of the existing offloading techniques can only be applied to legacy mobile applications as they are motivated by existing systems. Consequently, they are realised with custom runtimes which incur overhead on the application. Moreover, existing approaches which can be applied to the software development phase, are difficult to implement (based on manual process) and also fall short of overall (mobile to cloud) efficiency in software qualityattributes or awareness of full-tier (mobile to cloud) implications. To address the above issues, the thesis proposes a model-driven architecturefor integration of software quality with green optimisation in Mobile Cloud Applications (MCAs), abbreviated as Mango architecture. The core aim of the architecture is to present an approach which easily integrates software quality attributes (SQAs) with the green optimisation objective of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). Also, as MCA is an application domain which spans through the mobile and cloud tiers; the Mango architecture, therefore, takesinto account the specification of SQAs across the mobile and cloud tiers, for overall efficiency. Furthermore, as a model-driven architecture, models can be built for computation intensive tasks and their SQAs, which in turn drives the development – for development efficiency. Thus, a modelling framework (called Mosaic) and a full-tier test framework (called Beftigre) were proposed to automate the architecture derivation and demonstrate the efficiency of Mango approach. By use of real world scenarios/applications, Mango has been demonstrated to enhance the MCA development process while achieving overall efficiency in terms of SQAs (including mobile performance and energy usage compared to existing counterparts).
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Bormpoudakis, Dimitrios. "Green infrastructure and landscape connectivity in England : a political ecology approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56639/.
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'Conservation is about people, not just animals' argued Prince William in a letter to The Financial Times , written to gather support for ending ivory poaching and trading. This truism is often repeated by conservationists; we are frequently reminded that what we do - as humans - influences nature 'out there'. Nevertheless, conservation science often hesitates to interrogate what we do as organised human societies. Time and again, that leads to somewhat simplifying analyses of humanity's enormous power in shaping the whole Earth System -currently argued to surpass the power of geological forces. A case in point could be the isolation of corruption in Africa as the main driver for ivory market explosion in the last decade. Without considering the political-economy not just of ivory, but of the global-to-local societal organisation that allows for thousands of elephants and rhinos to be killed - for something of so low use-value such as ivory - little understanding can be shed on this alarming trend. I argue, and hope I have shown in this thesis, that we should aim towards enriching what conservation understands as its field of vision and allow the latter to encompass not just human and nonhuman nature and societies, as Prince William rightfully argues, but also the political and societal. I would be satisfied if by going through this thesis the reader would be convinced of just this argument. I am not claiming to be the first to identify this contradiction within conservation, but contra a sizeable number of scientists who work on similar subjects, I am normatively for conservation. A wealth of research has been published on conservation-society relationships that interrogates wider political, societal and economic constrains and opportunities as they relate to conservation. Usually though, research on what could be called critical conservation studies is (a) published in journals that conservationists do not read, and (b) is conducted by non-conservationists, often critical of conservation as a science and praxis per se. Thus all this wealth has little import to wider discussions about the future of conservation science and practice, and is even considered by conservationists as hostile to their agenda. I hope it is obvious from the above that I place this piece of research within the wide field of conservation science - despite drawing from a variety of disciplines. In essence, this piece of work looks at the relation between political-economic transformations and the way societies think about, manage and regulate nature. Geographically, my focus is on England, but with a sideways glance to developments at the EU level. Historically, the scope is circumscribed by two years: 1981, the year of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool, and 2015, the year I submitted. Naturally, in this country-wide, 24 year study I have not even attempted to include 'everything'. I focused on what after examination of empirical data I considered to be key moments and places in the evolution of English conservation. I begin with a section that introduces the reader into the area of study , followed and a brief literature-based summary of conservation in England from the beginning of the 20th century. The next three chapters should be read as a small trilogy that discusses the general trends in conservation policy and governance in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis (Chapter 3), followed by two smaller chapters (vignettes) that study post-financial crisis landscape scale conservation from: (a) a policy and governance perspective (Chapter 4); a use of science and scientific metaphors perspective (Chapter 5). The following two chapters try to reconstruct the where and when (geography and history are important) specific conservation policies and practices emerge, always in relation to economic and political changes. Chapter 6 is a genealogy of green infrastructure, from its emergence in the post-riot Liverpool landscape of 1981, to its current amalgamation with ecosystem services and monetary-valuation-of-nature milieu. Chapter 7 looks at biodiversity offsetting and argues that changing economic and transport geographies are crucial in understanding why biodiversity offsetting emerged as a solution to wildlife-development conflict in this instance and in the South East of England in particular. I conclude with a proposal for a new conservation that places utopia at the centre of its methodology (Chapter 8).
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Nash, Caroline. "Brownfield-inspired green infrastructure : a new approach to urban biodiversity conservation." Thesis, University of East London, 2017. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/6678/.
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Brownfield sites can support nationally and internationally important biodiversity that is being lost from the broader landscape. This research was undertaken in response to the need for targeted solutions to compensate for the loss of brownfield habitat mosaics to development. The research investigated innovative approaches to urban green infrastructure (UGI) design, based on ecomimicry of brownfield habitat mosaics. The aim being to support new developments in meeting sustainability goals in terms of no net loss of biodiversity. The research comprised three main studies: an experimental investigation of the feasibility of creating novel wetland habitat mosaics on extensive green roofs (EGRs); a niche study of a novel biosolar brownfield roof; and an innovative brownfield landscaping experiment. Surveys of plant and invertebrate communities were undertaken to explore community development, and evaluate the effectiveness of the brownfield mosaic ecomimicry approach to UGI design. Elements of the research were co-created with a developer to facilitate knowledge sharing. The novel drainage EGR design successfully created ephemeral pools, and substrate heterogeneity produced a vegetation mosaic. Invertebrates recorded on the roofs included key conservation priority species, and important brownfield assemblages, but a limited representation of wetland species. This novel design could augment existing EGR typologies. The biosolar brownfield roof study demonstrated that PV panels influenced vegetation development, and that PV ‘edge’ zones were more diverse, contributing to creation of a habitat mosaic. Invertebrates groups responded differently to PV presence. Nonetheless the roof provided resources for several target endangered species. The experimental brownfield landscaping supported key conservation priority brownfield species and assemblages, and a much richer plant and invertebrate community than traditional landscaping. The results validated the ecomimicry approach as a framework for UGI design, and the innovative measures investigated could make a valuable contribution to compensating for brownfield habitat loss in the region.
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Matteo, Roberto <1985>. "Non-food Brassicas for green chemistry purposes through a biorefinery approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8006/1/Matteo_Roberto_tesi.pdf.
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The valorization of Brassica oilseed crops, starting from the agronomical phase up to the exploitation of the derived products, was studied.
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz applications in biorefineries is of deep interest, given the high added value of its oil and oilseed cake residue. Camelina was evaluated as a case study for the cultivation in the Po valley. In such conditions, camelina has shown to be potentially well adaptable and had a positive impact on the yields of the subsequent crop. Thus, studies on camelina management and its impact on soil properties deserve more attention.
Novel Brassica defatted seed meals (DSMs), containing different glucosinolates, were applied in the control of the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White Chitwood) in controlled glasshouse conditions. Among different Brassica DSMs, the best results in the reduction of M. incognita infestation were achieved by Eruca sativa, Barbarea verna and Brassica nigra DSMs. These first results open new perspectives for innovative bioactive molecules for biofumigation applied in cropping systems where nematode suppression is critical.
Finally, the effect of Brassica DSMs, applied in formulations with and without crude glycerin, on seed germination inhibition was evaluated. The most effective formulations were applied in in vitro and glasshouse trials to evaluate the germination inhibition of black-grass (Alopecurus myosuriodes Huds.). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the effectiveness of Brassica DSMs formulated with glycerin, especially B. nigra, in germination inhibition. Among different advantages, the proposed formulations for weed control are completely bio-based, organic farming friendly, present a good fertilizing properties and a combined effect both on weeds and on soil borne pests and diseases.
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O, Connor Francis Joseph. "A multi-stakeholder abridged environmentally conscious design approach." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324207.
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Morigi, Francesca. "A green approach to mesoporous silica particles synthesis by sol-gel chemistry." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13434/.
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Mesoporous silica materials have a wide variety of applications in different sectors depending on their characteristic porosity, particle dimensions and functionalization. They are used as heterogeneous catalyst agents in industrial synthesis, stationary phase in chromatography or in biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. Consequently a significant number of studies have focused on the development of preparation methods that allow the regulation of the pore size and pore morphology of the silica. This thesis work, conducted at UCC (University College Cork, Ireland), aims to find a “greener” path than the one traditionally used to synthesize good quality mesoporous silica particles. It is a preliminary work whose purpose is to determine if it can be considered viable to start further systematic research in this direction. Nowadays it is impossible to ignore the need of an environmentally sustainable approach towards chemical synthesis and processes design. Green Chemistry and its Twelve Principles are central to the development of the mesoporous silica material preparation procedure utilized within this research. A modified Stöber sol-gel method of synthesis was chosen for its intrinsically green features: it is a batch process, the reaction takes place at room temperature and one of the main solvents is water. This study focuses on changing those aspects of the “standard” procedure which are not so environmentally friendly: the second solvent (alcohol), the surfactant (most commonly CTAB) and the post synthesis hydrothermal treatment. In particular Sodium Alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of brown seaweed, is the surfactant of choice. Until now no works have been reported on the use of alginate as a direct anionic surfactant template. Characterization of obtained silica particles was performed employing N2 sorption for information about porosity and SEM and TEM imaging to evaluate particles aggregation, aspect and size.
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Demirci, Sema. "Synthesis Of Heteroaryl Substituted Dihydrofuran And Dihydropyran Derivatives By Green Chemistry Approach." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610966/index.pdf.
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The thesis subject is mainly involved in Green Chemistry approach. Thiophene, furan and pyridine carboxaldehydes were chosen as starting compounds and vinylation and allylation with Grignard reaction afforded the corresponding racemic heteroaryl substituted allylic and homoallylic alcohols. Subsequent resolution with enzymes (PS-Amano II, Lipozym and Novazym 435) gave enantiomerically enriched alcohols with the e.e. values varied between 65 and 99%. The absolute configurations of all substrates are known. As a result of O-allylation with the common procedure formed the feasible carbon backbone for the ring closing metathesis reaction. All ring closing metathesis reactions were performed by Grubbs&rsquocatalyst with just 5% catalyst loading. The absolute configurations of dihydrofuran and dihydropyran derivatives are known, since the chiral center configurations of all substrates are preserved throughout all the applied processes.
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Hussein, Engy Samy. "Green architecture as an approach for increasing energy efficiency in Egyptian buildings." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55882/.
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In the light of the growing global concerns about environmental problems and the importance of achieving sound management of the natural resources, this research proposal was developed. Though Egypt is now enjoying a secured energy supply for the short and medium terms, yet it is mainly dependent on fossil fuels. Building sector in 2007 was responsible for 23% of the total energy consumption in Egypt and is expected to reach 35% by 2030 and the construction sector growth rate was 15.8%. Developing an environmental assessment tool was the approach adopted by this study to address the building sector energy consumption levels in Egypt. The success of these tools in reshaping the design and practice worldwide has long been established. In the absence of an existing adequate measure to assess environmental buildings and with the concept of modern environmental design emerging in Egypt, the current study proposes the Egyptian Green Code for Buildings. The Egyptian Green Code for Buildings is an assessment tool specifically designed for the Egyptian environment. Three phases of surveys (questionnaires and interviews) were developed to create, evaluate and validate the proposed code. With the collaboration of the field specialists represented in: governmental officials, architects in practice and academics. The results reveal that this research has developed an understandable code, with categories relevant to the Egyptian environment, achievable credits and satisfactory overall classifications. The proposed code will insure a minimum level of applying green architecture principles in Egyptian buildings. It presents a unified, coherent and accurate method of assessment. It allows the designers and decision makers to identify the key points that need to be addressed to enhance the overall performance of a building and in turn make it beneficial to the environment. The application of the proposed code will result in green concepts being more in the centre of the architecture practice in Egypt and opening the possibilities to introducing new concepts and measures to achieve sustainability.
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Hasan, Cengis. "Optimization of resource allocation in small cells networks : A green networking approach." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015735.
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The term "green networking" refers to energy-efficient networking technologies and products, while minimizing resource usage as possible. This thesis targets the problem of resource allocation in small cells networks in a green networking context. We develop algorithms for different paradigms. We exploit the framework of coalitional games theory and some stochastic geometric tools as well as the crowding game model. We first study the mobile assignment problem in broadcast transmission where minimal total power consumption is sought. A green-aware approach is followed in our algorithms. We examine the coalitional game aspects of the mobile assignment problem. This game has an incentive to form grand coalition where all players join to the game. By using Bondareva-Shapley theorem, we prove that this coalitional game has a non-empty core which means that the grand coalition is stable. Then, we examine the cost allocation policy for different methods. In a second part, we analyze a significant problem in green networking called switching off base stations in case of cooperating service providers by means of stochastic geometric and coalitional game tools. The coalitional game herein considered is played by service providers who cooperate in switching off base stations. We observed the Nash stability which is a concept in hedonic coalition formation games. We ask the following question: Is there any utility allocation method which could result in a Nash-stable partition? We address this issue in the thesis. We propose the definition of the Nash-stable core which is the set of all possible utility allocation methods resulting in stable partitions obtained according to Nash stability. We finally consider games related to the association of mobiles to an access point. The player is the mobile which has to decide to which access point to connect. We consider the choice between two access points or more, where the access decisions may depend on the number of mobiles connected to each access points. We obtained new results using elementary tools from congestion and crowding games. Last but not least, we extend our work to cooperative transmissions. We formulate the partner selection problem in cooperative relaying based on a matching theoretic approach. Partner selection is described as a special stable roommate problem where each player ranks its partners by some criterion. We adapted Irving's algorithm for determining the partner of each player. We introduced a decentralized version of the Irving's algorithm.
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Hsu, Ze-Yi. "A system approach to plastic house design : case study, Green Bay, Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74962.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-126).
Since the building industry is getting more and more sophisticated in today's world, many new technologies lead us to many new possibilities for producing houses which we never would have thought of producing in the past. New technology for a designer implies the use of new rules. As a designer wants to use a new technology in a meaningful way, information which is useful to an engineer might not be directly useful to an architect. To say it clearly, two things are important for a designer to do before he starts a design: 1. He must understand not only the technology itself,but also the implications of it for design form. 2. He must organize the technical information in a way which he can use to evaluate the design. Thus, following this format, my reason for choosing plastic houses the object of this study is because there are many new implications and much new design information of the plastic technology for us to understand; For example, plastic house s may be transported to areas that are difficult to reach by any other means of transportation than helicopters. This may lead to a very interesting approach toward the relationship between technology and architectural design.
by Ze-Yi Hsu.
M.S.
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Sauls, Gideon George. "The National Skills Fund and green skills: towards a generative mechanism approach." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63740.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the South African National Skills Fund (NSF) in responding to green skills training for the sake of better integration and optimal effectiveness in relation to the green economy in South Africa. The NSF is a multi-billion rand fund for skills development, with the responsibility to respond effectively to the country’s skills development needs. Part of the NSF’s mandate is to ensure the development of green skills in South Africa, with special reference to the allocation of grants, as a key mechanism in ensuring adherence to properly governed skills development funding requirements. This study considers the identification of green skills funding as a skills planning and implementation challenge within the post-school education and training context, the NSF, the green economy and related skills debates, both locally and globally. The study contributes to a growing body of research in South Africa that seeks a wider systemic perspective on green skills concerns. The NSF and its functioning is a critical dimension of the wider skills system and is a significant system element influencing further emergence of a coherent national system for green skills development. Providing further rationale for this study is the 2011 finding of the International Labour Organisation, that the green skills development system in South Africa is re-active and poorly systematised, a finding that was also noted in the first ever Environmental Sector Skills Plan for South Africa undertaken by the Department of Environmental Affairs in 2010. As the study is mainly focused on one aspect of the policy system, namely the NSF’s role in green skills funding, the bulk of the data used in this study is documentary. Research information was obtained from NSF documentary sources to describe the NSF organisationally. Information was also obtained from green skills documentary sources to obtain a better understanding of the nature and purpose of the development of green skills in South Africa. The study has also drawn on references related to grant management as a mechanism for seeding meaningful transformations and skills development research in South Africa to understand the skills development landscape, with special reference to the Department of Higher Education and Training’s (DHET) post-school education and training system. Documentary data was supplemented by selected key respondent interviews from the skills sector and from the green skills research community to provide further perspective on the research focus. Critical realism (CR) is utilised as a meta-theoretical framework that seeks to inform the overall academic reflection and interpretation process. The work of Danermark, Ekström, Jakobsen and Karlsson (2002), which describes the process of data analysis in critical realism, was adapted into a four-phased research approach for this particular policy study, which I framed as a Quadrilateral Policy Analysis Framework (QPAF). This provided a data analysis framework which allowed for taking account of the mechanisms shaping the NSF as an important systemic funding agency within South Africa’s emerging post-school education and training context, as this relates to green skills. However, to further analyse this research question and context, I needed to work with substantive policy theory. Given the nature of the policy object that I was investigating, I found Feiock’s (2013) Institutional Collective Action Framework to be a helpful substantive policy theory as it has adequate nuance with which I could describe the NSF’s core function, namely that of grant-making for the post-schooling policy context. Based on the critical realist meta-theoretical framework and the substantive policy theoretical frameworks, I developed four phases of analysis, namely a) descriptive analysis which is divided into Part A (describing the green skills landscape and its funding demands ) and Part B (describing the NSF as it relates to green skills); b) component analysis which further analyses key components of the above; c) abductive policy analysis which identifies critical mechanisms and how they operate; and d) generative mechanism analysis which identifies the underlying generative mechanisms shaping the NSF’s engagement with green skills (or lack thereof). The following main findings are identified: • It emerged that the responsiveness of the NSF to green skills is emergent, essential and yet multifaceted due to competing stakeholder interests, expectations and claims; • Key strategic relations with critical role players within South Africa’s skills levy funding matrix emerged as a fundamental requirement towards the achievement of the NSF’s organisational mandate to respond effectively to national green skills needs and expectations; • Contracting is the central mechanism driving the NSF grant-making process. Related to this is the finding that partnerships emerged as the most versatile and underutilised mechanism that cuts across all four of the NSF grant-making phases; • The NSF’s current method of making sense of funding policy indications as per national policy documents is too reductionist because the method betrays an alignment-mirroring form of sense-making awareness that uncritically endorses substratum philosophical assumptions like Human Capital Theory (HCT) and associated neoclassical economic theories embedded in the policy frameworks. These assumptions contradict and potentially limit engagement with wider theories and policy frameworks for guiding skills development that are oriented towards the wider common good as argued by non-anthropocentric orientations in critical realism and the green skills sector. In summary, an argument is put forward that the NSF is a key funding mechanism towards green skills delivery in South Africa, but that this funding mechanism is under-utilised and inadequately mobilised for transitioning towards sustainability in South Africa. The study recommends that, in pursuit of better integration and optimal effectiveness thereof and in line with the fund’s legislative, organisational and public mandate, a consensual negotiation skills planning mechanism be considered from an institutional collective action response platform. In terms of recommendations for further research, it is proposed that a comparative analysis study could be considered between the NSF and other leading global funding agencies or other national skills funding mechanisms that are also concerned with the inclusion of green skills development. Comparative studies of this nature could potentially enhance the fund’s policy-making process and assist in the development of more appropriate institutional arrangements towards optimal funding responsiveness. Lastly, in the light of the NSF’s current contribution to green skills in the country, an impact evaluation study on the return on green skills investment presents an additional intriguing research endeavour which would contribute further perspective on the arguments presented in this study.
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Tiruchirappalli, Narayana Kumar Venkataramani. "A Game Theoretical Approach to Green Communications in Seamless Internet of Things." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1576032496171712.
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Katycheva, Anna. "From Brownfields to Green Infrastructure : A resilience thinking approach to brownfield transformation." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256313.
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Brownfields have the potential to be transformed to offer green infrastructure to cities and bottom up environmental stewardship approaches can be a creative and dynamic way of providing much needed ecosystem services to the urban environment. The following study explores how the transformation of a contaminated site to a community garden in Stockholm can contribute to providing ecosystem services and improving general resilience. Through aqualitative method including literature review, interviews and observations; the results showed elements contributing to resilience including an increase in the diversity of the urban landscape, the creation of a space for social connections, and a gateway to sharing knowledge and creating polycentricity in natural resource management.Förorenade områden kan potentiellt omformas för att erbjuda grön infrastruktur till städer och miljöförvaltning kan vara ett kreativt och dynamiskt sätt att tillhandahålla välbehövliga ekosystemtjänster till stadsmiljön. Denna studie utforskar hur omvandlingen av ett förorenat område till en stadsodling i Stockholm kan bidra till att skapa ekosystemtjänster och ökan resiliens i samhället. Genom användningen av kvalitativa metoder – såsom en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och observationer – visar resultaten på en ökad resiliens genom ökad mångfald i landskapet, skapandet av plats för sociala förbindelser, ökad kunskap om ekosystemtjänster samt polycentricitet inom naturresurshantering.
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Elderbrock, Evan. "Revealing Promising Pathways for Increasing Urban Ecosystem Services: An Approach Combining Stakeholder Priorities with Ecosystem Service Quantification." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24232.
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Urban development diminishes the delivery of ecosystem services (ES), defined as benefits from ecological processes and functions critical to human health and well-being. Land-use planners and environmental managers are increasingly familiar with the concept of ES; however, methods for incorporating ES into urban planning are underdeveloped. While previous reports have identified the combination of ES quantification and stakeholder engagement as necessary for increasing the delivery of ES, methods of implementation remain unexplored. To address this disparity, this study combines ES quantification with perspectives from multiple stakeholders to identify specific land cover conversion scenarios that increase the delivery of ES in the Friendly Area Neighborhood of Eugene, Oregon and compares each conversion scenario using an informed weighting system. The result is a method, with potential for use by researchers and public officials, to quantify the delivery of ES, identify stakeholders’ ES priorities, and assess the benefits associated with green infrastructure development.2020-01-11
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Lalande, Severine. "Characterization of Thin-Bedded Reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico: An Integrated Approach." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/65.
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An important fraction of the reservoirs in the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico is comprised of thin-bedded deposits from channel-levee systems. These reservoirs are particularly difficult to describe. Not only is their architecture complex but the quality of the reservoir is determined by connection and length of beds below the resolution of usual reflection data. Improved characterization is needed to improve development and production of these reservoirs. This study presents an integrated approach to build a geologically consistent reservoir model, based on the 8 sand reservoir in Northern Green Canyon block 18. The underlying idea of the construction of this model is that reservoir quality is influenced more by the internal architecture than by the statistical values of petrophysical parameters.
Seismic interpretation and attribute extraction provided the reservoir geometry and stratigraphy. The structural framework and the limits of the reservoir have been determined, showing the preeminent role of salt and faults in the constitution of this reservoir.
Seismic attributes are calibrated to extract areal information on reservoir architecture. Gross thickness and net thickness maps have been estimated using geostatistical methods. Lateral variations in the quality of the 8 sand and the definition zones with different average properties were inferred from geostatistical results.
Lithofacies characterization from core showed that 3 facies could be used to describe the internal variability. The fine-scale heterogeneity is described in each zone from vertical facies distribution determined from wells.
A truncated Gaussian sequential simulation was performed to reflect both the regional trend and the internal variability on a 150*150*1 ft grid.
The major contribution of this work is to show the efficiency of this approach to describe complex reservoirs where the impact of internal variability is a major control of flow efficiency. This is especially valuable when the well information is scarce or not uniformly distributed. This model will be used for flow simulation and sensitivity analysis to improve the field description.
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Locicero, Ryan Charles Robert. "Mainstreaming Green Infrastructure: The Nexus of Infrastructure and Education Using the Green Space Based Learning (GSBL) Approach for Bioretention Plant Selection." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5531.
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The Green Space Based Learning (GSBL) approach builds on a long-term partnership between a Research I university, surrounding community, and local school district, transforming underutilized community green space into an interactive educational tool to addresses national infrastructure and educational challenges. The GSBL approach is an educational platform for engaging K-12 and the local community in engineering design and construction of sustainable Green Infrastructure (GI) projects. GSBL was piloted as a part of a federally funded Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program in which teachers participated in two intensive 6-week summer research experiences and two consecutive academic year components. The summer experience focuses on the development of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematic (STEM) lessons and activities that meet Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards and the dissemination of the RET research experience. Approximately 400 K-12 students and teachers participated in both formal and informal educational activities that led to GSBL approach outputs throughout the academic year. These outputs included 4 Campus GI Challenge's for identifying areas of implementation and student driven GI design, the publication of 7 curricular products, the design and installation of 70 personal rain gardens and 8 bioretention cells (a type of GI), one of which was designed as a field scale research site within the Hillsborough County Public Schools (HCPS) district.
The eight bioretention cells, seven of which are on three public school campuses and one located at a local community leader's house were designed and implemented as a result of university research, K-12 outreach, and community engagement. These sites were selected based on one or more hotspot factors (e.g. localized areas of flooding, access to site, presence of learning space, willingness to pay, property ownership, visibility of location) and designed to restore the hydrology and water quality to pre-development conditions. The bioretention cells were designed to capture a storm-event ranging from 1.27 cm to 2.54 cm and cost between $550 and $1,650 to construct depending on the design scope, scale, and installation methods. The installed bioretention systems route stormwater runoff to a ponding area sized approximately 2-5% of the total catchment area, are designed to capture between 31% and 67% of annual runoff (March 2010 - March 2015), and attenuate between 97,500 and 226,100 mg N annually.
The educational sites were used to provide insight into hydraulic performance, maintenance requirements, and nutrient management impacts associated with bioretention design. Three of the bioretention cells (BR 1, BR 2, and BR 3) were used as a field research site for collecting bioretention plant performance data on 12 Florida native plant species, Coreopsis leavenworthii, Flaveria linearis, Salvia coccinea, Solidago fistulosa, Canna flaccida, Tradescantia ohiensis, Tripsacum dactyloides, Hymenocallis latifolia, Iris virginica, Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Spartina patens, and Equisetum hyemale.
Mean baseline accumulated nitrogen concentration for tested species was 18.24 ± 5.76 mg N/g biomass. This compared to a harvested mean concentration rate of 12.28 ± 2.23 mg N/g biomass, a reduction of uptake capacity of nearly 33% after two growing seasons. This study found a similarity in mean total nitrogen concentration between baseline and harvested plant species for Flaveria linearis, Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Solidago fistulosa, Canna flaccida, Salvia coccinea, Spartina patens, and Coreopsis leavenworthii and a significant difference in means for Equisetum hyemale, Iris virginica, Salvia coccinea, and Tradescantia ohiensis. These harvested data were used to calculate mean total nitrogen concentration per square meter with Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Equisetum hyemale, Spartina patens, Solidago fistulosa, Salvia coccinea, Coreopsis leavenworthii, Iris virginica ranging from 286 mg N/m2 to 4,539 mg N/m2, and Canna flaccida, Flaveria linearis, Tradescantia ohiensis ranging from 12,428 mg N/m2 to 15,409 mg N/m2. Seven of the twelve species (Flaveria linearis, Equisetum hyemale, Iris virginica, Tripsacum dactyloides, Coreopsis leavenworthii, Salvia coccinea, Tradescantia ohiensis) displayed highly desirable results, ranking (>0.20x̅) when evaluated across 10 quantitative attributes and assessed for their applicability for the subtropical Tampa Bay area.
This research developed a plant selection utility index (PSI) that allows for individual plant scoring based on qualitative and quantitative plant selection criteria. The qualitative PSI was used to evaluate 26 native and regionally friendly plant species commonly found within the subtropical Tampa Bay climate to provide an example and act as a template for selecting plant species. The qualitative PSI scores categorized the identified plant species as highly desirable (n=4, PSI ≥ 80), Flaveria linearis, Tripsacum dactyloides, Salvia coccinea, and Chamaecrista fasciculata; moderately desirable (n=15, 80 > PSI ≥65), Solidago fistulosa, Hymenocallis latifolia, Canna flaccida, Tradescantia ohiensis, Arachis glabrata, Mimosa strigillosa, Callicarpa Americana, Penta lanceolata, Monarda punctate, Muhlenbergia capillaris, Helianthus debilis, Glandularia tampensis, Silphium asteriscus, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, and Coreopsis lanceolata; and least desirable (n=7, PSI < 65) Spartina patens, Equisetum hyemale, Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Iris virginica, Coreopsis leavenworthii, Myrcianthus fragrans, Zamia puila. The quantitative PSI was used to evaluate attributes of 11 of the 26 species within a 32.5 m2 field-scale bioretention system (BR 1, BR 2, and BR 3) ter two-growing seasons. The tested species scored as highly desirable (n=2, PSI ≥ 70) for Salvia coccinea, Tradescantia ohiensis; moderately desirable (n=5, 70 > PSI ≥ 50) for Equisetum hyemale, Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Solidago fistulosa, Iris virginica, Coreopsis leavenworthii, and least desirable (n=4, PSI < 50) for Spartina patens, Flaveria linearis, Canna flaccida, Hymenocallis latifolia. Both qualitative and quantitative scores were combined on a 0-200 scale to provide a list of recommended species based, ranking from high to low: Salvia coccinea (PSI=160), Tradescantia ohiensis (PSI = 148), Sisyrinchium angustifolium (PSI =127), Flaveria linearis (PSI = 125), Solidago fistulosa (PSI = 124), Iris virginica (PSI =121), Coreopsis leavenworthii (PSI = 117), Equisetum hyemale (PSI = 114), Canna flaccida (PSI = 104), Spartina patens (PSI = 103), Hymenocallis latifolia (PSI =90).
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Vong, Man Hung. "Values and attitudes of teens in Macau toward green consumption : a marketing approach." Thesis, University of Macau, 1998. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636784.
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Leavy-Sperounis, Marianna (Marianna Breakstone). "Manufacturing recovery : a networked approach to green job creation in Massachusetts Gateway cities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59753.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-105).
In this thesis, I compare workforce development planning in Lawrence and Lowell, Massachusetts, two of the state's older industrial "Gateway" cities. I specifically examine local planning processes around job creation in the clean technology (clean tech) sector. Contradicting the notion of the cities as "urban twins," I find that Lawrence's original physical and social design led to a pattern of economic disinvestment and a deficit of municipal planning capacity compared to Lowell. Today, Lawrence experiences the resulting disadvantage when it competes with Lowell for clean tech economic development funds. I argue that state and federal policymakers should recognize critical differences that exist among even the seemingly most similar communities and implement strong, place-based programs so that investments in green workforce development do not perpetuate the historic inequities that cities such as Lawrence face. I conclude by proposing a networked planning strategy that, with stimulus from the state and federal governments, could help Lawrence and Lowell to leverage more effectively and collaboratively their respective assets in support of a regional green economy.
by Marianna Leavy-Sperounis.
M.C.P.
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Borges, Vinicius Ruela Pereira. "A computer-assisted approach to supporting taxonomical classification of freshwater green microalga images." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-07022017-163412/.
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The taxonomical identification of freshwater green microalgae is highly relevant problem in Phycology. In particular, the taxonomical identification of samples from the Selenastraceae family of algae is considered particularly problematic with many known inconsistencies. Biologists manually inspect and analyze microscope images of alga strains, and typically carry out several complex and time-consuming procedures that demand considerable expert knowledge. Such practical limitations motivated this investigation on the applicability of image processing, pattern recognition and visual data mining techniques to support the biologists in tasks of species identification. This thesis describes methodologies for the classification of green alga images, considering both traditional automated classification processes and also a user-assisted incremental classification process supported by Neighbor Joining tree visualizations. In this process, users can interact with the visualizations to introduce their knowledge into the classification process, e.g. by selecting suitable training sets and evaluate the results, thus steering the classification process. In order for visualization and classification to be feasible, accurate features must be obtained from the images capable of distinguishing between the different species of algae. As morphological shape properties are a fundamental property in identifying species, suitable segmentation and shape feature extraction strategies have been developed. This was particularly challenging, as different alga species share common morphological characteristics. Two segmentation methodologies are introduced, in which one relies on the level set method and the other is based on the region growing principle. Although the contour-based approach is capable of handling the uneven conditions of green alga images, its computation is time-consuming and not suitable for real time applications. A specialized formulation of the region-based methodology is proposed that considers the specific characteristics of the green alga images handled. This second formulation was shown to be more efficient than the level set approach and generates highly accurate segmentations. Once accurate alga segmentation is achieved, two descriptors are proposed that capture alga shape properties, and also an effective general shape descriptor that computes quantitative measures from two signatures associated to the shape properties. Experimental results are described that indicate that the proposed solutions can be useful to biologists conducting alga identification tasks once it reduces their effort and attains satisfactory discrimination among species.A identificação taxonômica de algas verdes de água doce é um problema de extrema relevância na Ficologia. Identificar espécies de algas da família Selenastraceae é uma tarefa complexa devido às inconsistências existentes em sua taxonomia, reconhecida como problemática. Os biólogos analisam manualmente imagens de microscópio de cepas de algas e realizam diversos procedimentos demorados que necessitamde conhecimento sólido. Tais limitaçõesmotivaramo estudo da aplicabilidade de técnicas de processamento de imagens, reconhecimento de padrões e mineração visual de dados para apoiar os biólogos em tarefas de identificação de espécies de algas. Esta tese descreve metodologias computacionais para a classificação de imagens de algas verdes, nas abordagens tradicional e baseada em classificação visual incremental com participação do usuário. Nesta última, os usuários interagem com visualizações baseadas em árvores filogenéticas para utilizar seu conhecimento no processo de classificação, como por exemplo, na seleção de instâncias relevantes para o conjunto de treinamento de um classificador, como também na avaliação dos resultados. De forma a viabilizar o uso de classificadores e técnicas de visualização, vetores de características devem ser obtidos das imagens de algas verdes. Neste trabalho, utiliza-se extração de características de forma, uma vez que a taxonomia da família Selenastraceae considera primordialmente as características morfológicas na identificação das espécies. No entanto, a obtenção de características representativas requer que as algas sejam precisamente segmentadas das imagens. Esta é, de fato, uma tarefa altamente desafiadora considerando a baixa qualidade das imagens e a maneira pelas quais as algas se organizam nas imagens. Duas metodologias de segmentação foram introduzidas: uma baseada no método Level Set e outra baseada no algoritmo de crescimento de regiões. A primeira se mostrou robusta e consegue identificar com alta precisão as algas nas imagens, mas seu tempo de execução é alto. A outra apresenta maior precisão e é mais rápida, uma vez que as técnicas de pré-processamento são especializadas para as imagens de algas verdes. Uma vez segmentadas as algas, dois descritores para caracterizar as imagens foram propostos: um baseado em características geométricas básicas e outro que utiliza medidas quantitativas calculadas a partir das assinaturas de forma. Resultados experimentais indicaram que as soluções propostas têm um bom potencial para serem utilizadas em tarefas de identificação taxonômica de algas verdes, uma vez que reduz o esforço nos procedimentos manuais e obtém-se classificações satisfatórias.
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MacAskill, Stefen A. "Enhancing affordable housing policy through green building principles: An integrated participatory system modelling approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/401349.
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This thesis establishes new insights into the provision of affordable, operationally efficient rental housing in Australia, within the context of government-supported affordable rental housing schemes. A revision to the Australian ‘Affordable Housing Bond Aggregator’ (AHBA) model is proposed, which includes the integration of a green building mandate on affordable rental housing stock and the utilisation of sustainable financing pathways – notably green bonds.
Linkages between the operational utility efficiency of rental housing, sustainable financing avenues, and outcomes for low- and middle-income households are investigated; furthermore, how ongoing operational utility efficiencies, achieved through green building principles, may be captured to improve the efficacy of government social support schemes as a system is examined. This research has implications for the Australian affordable housing sector.
This thesis applies a mixed-methods approach to address and synthesise the following three concepts:
1) Green building principles as a demand-side subsidy to improve tenant outcomes within affordable housing policy. A case study is presented.
2) The application of green versus conventional housing bonds as a financing mechanism for affordable housing policy. A systematic literature review is undertaken to reveal plausible financing cost savings and ‘green premium’ determinants.
3) Lastly, an operational system dynamics model is developed to examine the outcomes of the AHBA in South East Queensland, and also to forecast the implications for integrating green building principles, including green bonds, against environmental, social, and economic outcomes.
First, this research engages with a case study to investigate the financial value of green building principles within South East Queensland. Rising energy, water, and gas costs exert increasing financial pressure on low- and middle-income rental households, which are often subject to issues of split-incentives. The split-incentive problem concerns the lack of appropriate incentives for landlords to implement green building principles and associated utility efficiency measures. Little incentive exists for landlords to invest in operational utility efficiency upgrades to rental housing within existing Australian affordable housing policy. In addition, the financial implications of doing so are not well understood. This study therefore seeks to identify the financial value of green building principles over a 10-year rental tenancy. A multi-residential affordable housing development in Yeronga, Brisbane is analysed from the design stage; two scenarios are studied to determine the estimated household utility savings between a ‘Business as usual’ and ‘Green-certified’ case. Operational utility efficiencies, achieved through green building principles, are modelled to reduce total housing costs by 1.7–3.8% (an average approximate saving of AUD $5–18 per week) for one- and four-person low-income households, respectively. These savings are regarded as a demand-side subsidy that directly benefit tenants. The costs for implementing green certification are assessed, which are found to be marginal when compared with the longer-term operational cost savings of the improvements. The findings provide evidence to suggest that a case exists within public affordable housing policy to expand on the conceptual notion of ‘housing assistance’ from a direct discount to market rent approach (or cash subsidy) to one that includes a broader set of factors – such as operational utility efficiency. The study proposes that incentives provided under government-supported affordable housing policy offer an avenue for mediating split-incentive problems through an incentive structure that utilises a mix of demand- and supply-side subsidies to reduce housing stress for low- and middle-income households, and to promote the supply of affordable housing options. The implications of the study relate to innovative perceptions of affordable rental housing subsidies through green building practices.
The second study employs a systematic literature review to investigate plausible debt financing benefits for affordable housing policy by engaging with the green bond market. The green bond market is emerging as an impactful financing mechanism towards climate change mitigation efforts. Studies have revealed the notion of a ‘green premium’ or ‘greenium’ within green bond pricing, including insights into influential characteristics and the drivers that govern it. However, methodological heterogeneity among these studies has resulted in general ambiguity regarding a consensus over the existence of the green premium. This research addresses this gap through a systematic literature review that aims to establish a consensus on the existence – or nonexistence – of a green premium in the green bond market. The review examines studies published between 2007 and 2020. A ranking of the green bond characteristics most likely to exhibit a green premium is organised, including a framework of driving factors. The findings confirm a consensus on the existence of a green premium within 56% of primary and 70% of secondary market studies, particularly for those green bonds that are government-issued, investment grade, and that follow defined green bond governance and reporting procedures. The green premium varies for the primary market; however, an average green premium of −1 to −9 basis points on the secondary market is observed. The study has implications for bond pricing theory by suggesting that future bond pricing should consider noneconomic motives of investors, such as environmental preferences. Furthermore, they suggest plausible financing benefits should future Australian affordable housing policy integrate a mandate for green building certification. This is particularly the case for the AHBA with regards to linkages between a large pool of green-certified housing assets and government-issued housing bonds.
Lastly, the thesis organises the concepts of green building and sustainable financing into an operational system dynamics model. System dynamics is a method for analysing the dynamic complexity of social systems with a strong emphasis on computer simulation. Building on the aforementioned foundation studies, the model is framed around the recently introduced AHBA policy framework. Its purpose is to assess two policy scenarios: a business as usual and a green-building policy scenario. The latter establishes a mandate on green building standards within affordable rental housing together with the use of green versus conventional bonds. The impact on social, environmental, and economic outcomes of the framework over a 20-year horizon is assessed. The boundary of the model is within the South East Queensland metropolitan area of Australia. Overall, it is found that the green building framework will deliver 2.37% less housing due to higher initial capital costs. However, green affordable housing delivers substantial long-term energy and water efficiency benefits, improved affordability for tenants due to reduced utility costs, deferred water and energy infrastructure benefits, and considerable contributions towards Australia’s carbon emission reduction targets. Tenants are expected to benefit from a 45–59% reduction in energy and a 27% decrease in water bills. Moreover, a shift to affordable green building policy could contribute to 2.9% of Australia’s Conference of Parties 2030 carbon emissions reduction target if applied nationally. The thesis concludes with a sensitivity analysis, revealing policy refinement recommendations that would yield the benefits of green affordable housing without sacrificing the small reduction in housing stock delivered by the proposed program. It is determined that a green building grant provided to developers would mitigate the reduction in affordable housing supply, and at a net financial cost that is lower than the aggregated benefit. Overall, this research has implications for the future of Australian affordable housing policy through providing evidence to suggest that a focus on green building principles at a policy level may offer a broad base of economic, environmental, and social benefits, which are detailed in this thesis.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Shah, Monic. "Antimicrobial Nanoparticles: A Green and Novel Approach for Enhancing Bactericidal Efficacy of Commercial Antibiotics." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1389.
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On the verge of entering the post-antibiotic era, numerous efforts are in place to regain the waning charm of antibiotics which are proving ineffective against most “Superbugs”. Engineered nanomaterials, especially gold nanoparticles (GNPs) capped with antibacterial agents, are proving to be an effective and novel strategy against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, we report a one-step synthesis of antibioticcapped GNPs (25 ± 5 nm) utilizing the combined reducing and capping ability of a cephalosporin antibiotic, ceftazidime. No signs of aggregation or leaching of ceftazidime from GNP surface was observed upon its storage. Antibacterial testing showed dosedependent broad spectrum activity of Cef-GNPs against both Gram-positive (S. bovis and E. durans) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes) bacteria. A significant reduction in the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of Cef-GNPs was observed as compared to the ceftazidime by itself against Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of Cef- GNPs were 0.1 mg mL-1 (P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes) and 1.2 mg mL-1 (E. durans and S. bovis). Cef-GNPs exerted bactericidal action on both P. aeruginosa and E. durans by disrupting the cellular membrane resulting in leakage of cytoplasmic content and death of bacterial cell. Our investigation and results provides an additional step in the development of antibiotic capped GNP as potent next generation antibacterial agents.
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Hrusovsky, Martin, Emrah Demir, Werner Jammernegg, and Woensel Tom van. "Hybrid simulation and optimization approach for green intermodal transportation problem with travel time uncertainty." Springer Nature, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10696-016-9267-1.
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The increasing volumes of road transportation contribute to congestion on road, which leads to delays and other negative impacts on the reliability of transportation. Moreover, transportation is one of the main contributors to the growth of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, where the impact of road transportation is significant. Therefore, governmental organizations and private commercial companies are looking for greener transportation solutions to eliminate the negative externalities of road transportation. In this paper, we present a novel solution framework to support the operational-level decisions for intermodal transportation networks using a combination of an optimization model and simulation. The simulation model includes stochastic elements in form of uncertain travel times, whereas the optimization model represents a deterministic and linear multi-commodity service network design formulation. The intermodal transportation plan can be optimized according to different objectives, including costs, time and CO2e emissions. The proposed approach is successfully implemented to real-life scenarios where differences in transportation plans for alternative objectives are presented. The solutions for transportation networks with up to 250 services and 20 orders show that the approach is capable of delivering reliable solutions and identifying possible disruptions and alternatives for adapting the unreliable transportation plans.
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Sheng, Boyuan. "Enhancing green infrastructure management for flood-drought resilience in Brisbane, Australia: An integrated approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232784/1/Boyuan_Sheng_Thesis.pdf.
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This research aims to better understand catchment-scale green infrastructure (GI) and how it could help increase flood and drought resilience in Brisbane, Australia. Findings show there is a limited number of integrated GI planning frameworks that take full consideration of a landscape planning perspective to achieve sustainable water management. Using the Oxley Creek Transformation Project (OCT) as an exemplar of catchment-scale planning in the Brisbane region, this research evaluated how landscape planning principles were considered in reducing flood and drought risks. The findings inform seven recommendations to improve GI planning and design guidelines applied within the Southeast Queensland context.
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Dooley, Roger Benesh Greg. "Surface magnetism of Ni(001), Co(001), and Fe(001) an embedding Green function approach /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5051.
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Karimi, Estahbanati Mahmood Reza. "Photocatalytic valorization of biobased alcoholic wastes: a sustainable approach for the generation of green products." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37084.
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Ces dernières années, une attention croissante a été portée à la valorisation de différents types de résidus en produits chimiques à valeur ajoutée. La valorisation des résidus peut non seulement résoudre les problèmes environnementaux croissants et actuels, mais elle peut contribuer également au développement durable de la société. Les résidus alcooliques constituent une catégorie à fort potentiel de valorisation en différents types de produits chimiques. Dans ce contexte, la valorisation photocatalytique des résidus alcooliques est une approche prometteuse du point de vue du développement durable. L'objectif principal de la thèse était d'étudier la valorisation photocatalytique de différents résidus alcooliques biosourcés en produits à valeur ajoutée. À cet égard, ces travaux ont principalement porté sur (i) l'analyse des effets individuels et d'interaction des paramètres opératoires et l'optimisation de la production d'hydrogène à partir de glycérol (ii) l'étude de la cinétique de la production d'hydrogène à partir de glycérol et d'éthanol, (iii) la mise au point de catalyseurs nanocomposites au TiO2 utilisant des biomatériaux à base de carbone (nanotubes de carbone et sphères de carbone) pour la production d'hydrogène à partir de glycérol, et (iv) l'étude du mécanisme et de la cinétique de la valorisation photocatalytique du cyclohexanol en cyclohexanone. Pour la production d’hydrogène à partir du glycérol, les modèles « Réseau de neurones artificiels » ainsi que « Méthode des surfaces de réponses » ont été utilisés pour évaluer l’effet et l’importance des principaux paramètres opératoires (pourcentage de glycérol, catalyseur, et Pt (co-catalyseur), ainsi que pH). La comparaison de ces modèles a révélé une meilleure précision du premier, qui a été par la suite sélectionnée pour une optimisation basée sur un algorithme génétique. La plus grande quantité d'hydrogène produite s'est révélée être à 50% de glycérol dans l'eau (v/v), à une masse de catalyseur de 3,9 g/L, à 3,1% de Pt et à un pH de 4,5. Finalement, une analyse basée sur la méthode de Garson pour évaluer l’importance relative des paramètres opératoires a montré que les pourcentages de glycérol et de catalyseur affectent de façon différente la production d’hydrogène. L'effet des plus importants paramètres opératoires (catalyst loading, glycerol%, intensité de la lumière, and temps) sur la valorisation photocatalytique du glycérol en hydrogène a été analysé et un modèle cinétique a été développé sur la base d'un mécanisme proposé. La capacité du modèle à prédire le taux de production d'hydrogène pour différents substrats, photocatalyseurs et paramètres opératoires a été confirmée en comparant les valeurs calculées avec des données expérimentales de la littérature. Le rôle des composants carbonés (CT) biosourcées en tant que matrice, cocatalyseur et adsorbant dans les composites TiO2@CT a été étudié en utilisant des nanotubes de carbone et des sphères de carbone. L'analyse morphologique a permis d'examiner le rôle de la matrice et d’évaluer la formation uniforme du TiO2 sur le CT. Les expériences photocatalytiques ont été ensuite utilisées pour analyser les rôles du co-catalyseur et de l'adsorbant. Fait intéressant, les résultats ont révélé que l’incorporation de CNT dans un composite de TiO2 pouvait presque doubler le taux de production d’hydrogène (i) en l’absence de Pt ou (ii) à faible concentration en glycérol. Par conséquent, il a été constaté qu’en plus d’être une matrice, le CNT peut jouer deux autres rôles importants, comme co-catalyseur et adsorbant. Pour évaluer la valorisation des résidus alcooliques en produits liquides à valeur ajoutée, la conversion photocatalytique sélective du cyclohexanol en cyclohexanone a été investiguée par des études cinétiques et spectroscopiques. Un mécanisme de réaction a été proposé sur la base des résultats de l'analyse in situ ATR-FTIR et un modèle cinétique a été développé pour prédire le taux de production de cyclohexanone. Une très grande sélectivité de la cyclohexanone a été confirmée à la fois par des analyses spectroscopiques que chromatographiques (HPLC et GC-MS), démontrant que l'approche photocatalytique est une alternative prometteuse pour la production sélective de cyclohexanone. En résumé, les résultats de cette thèse ont montré que la photocatalyse est une alternative prometteuse pour la valorisation des résidus alcooliques biosourcés en produits à valeur ajouté. La conversion photocatalytique de ces résidus peut conduire à la production d'hydrogène comme carburant vert prometteur pour l'avenir. D'autre part, la photocatalyse peut être appliquee pour produire des composes liquides avec une sélectivité élevée.In the recent years, increasing attention has been paid to valorizing different types of waste materials to valuable chemicals. Waste valorization not only reduces the growing modern environmental issues, but also contributes to the sustainable development of the society. The alcoholic waste is an important category with high potential to be valorized into different types of valuable chemicals. As example, glycerol is a substantial alcoholic waste of biodiesel production process whose generation increased significantly during the recent years. In this context, photocatalytic valorization of alcoholic wastes is a promising approach from a sustainable development point of view. The main objective of the thesis was to study the photocatalytic valorization of different biobased alcoholic wastes to value-added products. In this regard, this work focused on (i) analyzing individual and interaction effect of operating parameters and optimization of hydrogen production from glycerol (ii) studying the kinetics of hydrogen production from glycerol and ethanol, (iii) developing TiO2 nanocomposite catalysts using biobased carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes and carbon spheres) and studding the roles of carbonaceous materials in hydrogen production from glycerol, and (iv) investigating the mechanism and kinetics of the photocatalytic valorization of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone. For hydrogen production from glycerol, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as well as Response Surface Methodology (RSM) models were employed to evaluate the effect and importance of the main operating parameters (glycerol%, catalyst loading, Pt (cocatalyst)%, and pH). Comparison of these models revealed that the ANN model had a better accuracy and it was therefore selected for a Genetic Algorithm-based optimization. The highest amount of hydrogen production was found to be at 50% glycerol in water (v/v), 3.9 g/L catalyst loading, 3.1% Pt, and pH of 4.5. Finally, a Garson’s method-based analysis of the relative importance of the operating parameters showed that the glycerol% and catalyst loading are, respectively, the least and most influential parameters on hydrogen production. The important operating parameters (catalyst loading, substrate%, light intensity, and time) of the process of photocatalytic valorization of glycerol and ethanol to hydrogen were analyzed and a kinetic model was developed based on a proposed mechanism. The ability of the model to predict the rate of hydrogen production for different substrates, photocatalysts, and ranges of operating parameters was confirmed by comparing the model predictions with the experimental data from literature. Carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon sphere (CS) were used to prepare carbonaceous TiO2 composites and then the role of these biobased carbonaceous materials (CT) as template, cocatalyst, and adsorbent was investigated. The morphology analysis helped in examination of the template role and find the uniformity of the formed TiO2 on the template. On the other hand, the photocatalytic experiments assisted in the analysis of the cocatalyst and adsorbent roles of CT. Interestingly, the results revealed that CNT incorporation in TiO2 composite can almost double the rate of hydrogen production (i) in the absence of Pt or (ii) at low glycerol concentrations. Consequently, it was found that in addition to being a template, the CNT can play two important roles as cocatalyst and adsorbent. To evaluate the valorization of alcoholic wastes to valuable liquid product, photocatalytic selective conversion of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone was analyzed kinetically and spectroscopically. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on the in-situ ATR-FTIR analysis results and a kinetic model was developed to predict the rate of cyclohexanone production. Experimental data were used to evaluate the kinetic parameters using genetic algorithm method and confirm the accuracy of model predictions. A very high selectivity of cyclohexanone was confirmed by both spectroscopic and chromatographic (HPLC and GCMS) analyses, demonstrating that the photocatalytic approach is a promising alternative for selective production of cyclohexanone. In summary, the results of this thesis showed that photocatalysis is a promising alternative for valorization of biobased alcoholic wastes to value-added products. Photocatalytic conversion of alcoholic wastes can lead to the production of hydrogen as a promising green fuel for the future. On the other hand, the conversion of alcoholic wastes can be engineered to produce valuable liquid product with high selectivity.
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Mackenzie, Andrew. "A mixed-methods research approach exploring the relationship between 'green' building performance and organizational productivity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-mixedmethods-research-approach-exploring-the-relationship-between-green-building-performance-and-organizational-productivity(8a04db6a-8bac-4337-9d6a-1fd67aeb2b25).html.
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Society is at an energy crossroads today. How will our global economy become sustainable for future generations? For today's global organizations can the right thing and the profitable thing be the same thing? Can (or should) successful organizations improve the human condition? Worldwide, buildings account for 17 per cent of fresh water withdrawals, 25 per cent of wood harvest, 33 per cent of CO2 emissions and 40 per cent of material and energy use. Integrated 'green' and sustainable building design is being heralded as the fastest route to ecological modern buildings in Europe, North America and Asia (United States Green Building Council, 2008). On average North Americans spend 90 per cent (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) of their time indoors, a large portion of this time in commercial buildings. Furthermore, salaries and wages account for approximately 90 per cent (Romm and Browning, 1994) of an organization's building-related expenses. However, in our rush to create 'green' and sustainable North American commercial buildings and a laser-like focus on reducing carbon footprints and reducing energy costs have we lost sight of the purpose of the commercial building which is the generation of wealth through the productivity of the commercial building occupant and by extension the occupant's organization. For if any slight increase or if any slight decrease in occupant and organizational productivity can be proven this would easily justify or (un)justify respectively most if not all North American commercial building sustainability initiatives as 'productivity is the fundamental economic measure of a technology's contribution' (Brynjolfsson, 1994). In other words have we increased or at a minimum maintained occupant and organizational productivity as we move our North American commercial building occupants and organizations into these newly created enhanced 'green' and sustainable structures with their new or enhanced 'green' and sustainable systems, processes and designs. The originality of the research will be in the linking of these two distinct areas namely; organizational productivity to North American commercial building 'green' and sustainability initiatives. Furthermore, through the mixed-methods research methodology approach we will attempt to develop new knowledge and findings as we implement measureable 'green' and sustainable strategies into comparative North American commercial building research settings.
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Cardamone, David Michael. "Dephasing and Decoherence in Open Quantum Systems: A Dyson's Equation Approach." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1271%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Sterner, Carl S. "A Sustainable Pattern Language: A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainable Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212172753.
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Merrick, Ryan J. "Green Supply Chain Design: A Lagrangian Approach." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5240.
Full textAbstract:
The expansion of supply chains into global networks has drastically increased the distance travelled along shipping lanes in a logistics system. Inherently, the increase in travel distances produces increased carbon emissions from transport vehicles. When increased emissions are combined with a carbon tax or emissions trading system, the result is a supply chain with increased costs attributable to the emission generated on the transportation routes. Most traditional supply chain design models do not take emissions and carbon costs into account. Hence, there is a need to incorporate emission costs into a supply chain optimization model to see how the optimal supply chain configuration may be affected by the additional expenses.
This thesis presents a mathematical programming model for the design of green supply chains. The costs of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were incorporated in the objective function, along with the fixed and transportation costs that are typically modeled in traditional facility location models. The model also determined the unit flows between the various nodes of the supply chain, with the objective of minimizing the total cost of the system by strategically locating warehouses throughout the network.
The literature shows that CO2 emissions produced by a truck are dependent on the weight of the vehicle and can be modeled using a concave function. Hence, the carbon emissions produced along a shipping lane are dependent upon the number of units and the weight of each unit travelling between the two nodes. Due to the concave nature of the emissions, the addition of the emission costs to the problem formulation created a nonlinear mixed integer programming (MIP) model.
A solution algorithm was developed to evaluate the new problem formulation. Lagrangian relaxation was used to decompose the problem by echelon and by potential warehouse site, resulting in a problem that required less computational effort to solve and allowed for much larger problems to be evaluated. A method was then suggested to exploit a property of the relaxed formulation and transform the problem into a linear MIP problem. The solution method computed the minimum cost for a complete network that would satisfy all the needs of the customers.
A primal heuristic was introduced into the Lagrangian algorithm to generate feasible solutions. The heuristic utilized data from the Lagrangian subproblems to produce good feasible solutions. Due to the many characteristics of the original problem that were carried through to the subproblems, the heuristic produced very good feasible solutions that were typically within 1% of the Lagrangian bound.
The proposed algorithm was evaluated through a number of tests. The rigidity of the problem and cost breakdown were varied to assess the performance of the solution method in many situations. The test results indicated that the addition of emission costs to a network can change the optimal configuration of the supply chain. As such, this study concluded that emission costs should be considered when designing supply chains in jurisdictions with carbon costs. Furthermore, the tests revealed that in regions without carbon costs it may be possible to significantly reduce the emissions produced by the supply chain with only a small increase in the cost to operate the system.