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Journal articles on the topic 'Green Algae Cultivation'
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1
Jeya Bharathi, M., M. Raju, and S. Elamathi. "Diagnosis and management of green algae in low land paddy fields of Cauvery delta zone, Tamil Nadu." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.1.6.
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Rice is a prime food crop for Asian countries. Wet land rice cultivation contributes maximum grain yield than dry land rice. Cauvery delta is a predominant area for rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu. Green algae growth during Kuruvai (June -August) season is a serious problem in wet land rice. These algae growth create anaerobic condition and prevent rice root respiration. The entire rice root was uprooted and floated on the stagnated water during initial stage. There is no preliminary study for green algae control in rice field. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed for the nature of occurrence. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to find out the remedial measures. The results of soil and water sample analysis showed that use of bore well water and dumping of phosphatic fertilizers leads to salt accumulation which favours the green algal growth. The results of the laboratory experiment revealed that the CuSO4 londox power, propiconazole and hexaconazole showed moderate inhibition on 5th day after treatment. The findings from field experiment indicated that use of conoweeder, alternate wetting and drying and CuSo4 drenching @ of 2.5 kg/ha when green algae appearance has just noticed or 5.0 kg/ha when severe growth occurred was effective in managing the green algae. Among all measures, alternate wetting and drying is the best management practices. CuSO4 drenching reduces around 70% of the growth. Even though CuSO4 react negatively with algae growth, soil pH changes and salt concentration play a major role on the CuSO4 action towards green algae. In order to maintain soil health condition, biofertilizer application, crop rotation, green manure trampling to be practised to recover the soil from alkaline pH, removal of accumulated salt and to control the algae growth using CuSO4.
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Pretorius, W. A., and L. C. Hensman. "The Selective Cultivation of Easily Harvestable Algae Using Crossflow-Microscreening." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1985): 791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0180.
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The implementation of algal systems as a viable wastewater treatment option has been seriously limited by the availability of cost effective techniques for removing algae from the effluent stream. In this study, the problem of biomass separation was overcome by the selective cultivation of algae species which could be removed effectively by simple screening. The selection of desired species was achieved by a combination of short hydraulic space time and various size micro-screens operating as algae selectors on the effluent stream. A high rate algae growth system, in which the mean cell residence time and hydraulic space time could be manipulated independently, was developed. With humus tank effluent as feedstock, a hydraulic space time of 10 hours and a 200 µm opening size crossflow-microscreen, the filamentous green algae, Stigeoclonium, became the dominant species. This selected culture could be readily maintained at any predetermined concentration in the system with less than 20 mg/ℓ suspended solids in the effluent. The biomass produced was exceptionally easy to harvest.
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Mohamed, Zakaria. "Allelopathic activity of the norharmane-producing cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis against cyanobacteria and microalgae." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13545-013-0053-3.
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AbstractThe cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis was observed growing as a monospecies in enriched phytoplankton samples in the laboratory, indicating its allelopathic activity on coexisting phytoplankton species. Therefore, the present study screened the culture medium of an axenic strain of this cyanobacterium for the presence of allelechemicals with algicidal properties by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The allelopathic effect of S. aquatilis was evaluated by co-cultivation of target species of toxic cyanobacteria and green algae with this cyanobacterium, as well as by evaluation of norharmane (β-carboline 9H-pyrido(3,4-b) indole) crude extract prepared from the culture medium of Synechocystis. The growth of target algal species was measured as a cell density after 6 days incubation. The results showed that S. aquatilis produced the indole alkaloid norharmane with large quantities in the culture medium (86 μg l−1). In co-cultivation experiments, S. aquatilis inhibited the growth of all tested cyanobacteria and green algae. Norharmane crude extract exhibited stronger inhibition of cyanobacteria (EC50 = 4.6–4.8 μg ml−1) than green algae (EC50= 6.3–6.4 μg ml−1) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its apparent role in the allelopathic activity of S. aquatilis. The possible applicability of the allelochemical, norharmane, as an algicide to prevent the formation of harmful algal bloom was discussed.
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Dutta, Nalok, Pritha Kundu, Jonathan Tian En Lee, and Sayan Bhattacharya. "Implementation and Optimization of Algal Biomass in Value-Added Products Recovery: A Step towards Algae-Based Green Economy." Hydrobiology 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2023): 326–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology2020021.
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Algal biomass is a prospective feedstock for the eco-sustainable production of many different products with added value, such as meals, feeds, and fuels. The remaining biomass from the algae can be used as raw material and can be transformed into useful secondary products after the important macromolecules have been removed. By optimizing algal biomass hydrolysate utilizing microbial fermentation, several studies demonstrated the generation of bioenergy (bioalcohol, biogas, and biohydrogen) and biochemicals (organic acids and biopolymers). Since the harvest and maintenance of sustainable algal cultivation incur considerable energy and economical prowess, developing products from algae remains a challenge to be countered in commercial applications. This is a typical bottleneck issue when processing algae for fuels or chemicals at the pilot scale. Implementation of integrated algae biorefinery methods can substantially reduce the cost of production and energy consumption. An algae-based green economy can be financially more viable and utilizable, especially for countries with weaker economies. This review’s goal is to examine the implementation of integrated biorefineries for the recovery of bioproducts generated from algae and potential applications. In this context, the life cycle analysis and business elements of a unified algal biorefinery are also addressed.
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Bahagia, Bahagia, and Vera Viena. "Analisis Komponen Yield Minyak Mikro Alga Hijau Dengan Medium Detmer." Jurnal Serambi Engineering 4, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jse.v4i1.979.
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<p>This study examines CO2 for the growth of green microalgae by cultivating algal strains in a tank type reactor or fermentor. The study included optimization of the productivity of green algae in the capture of CO2 which can be used as a greenhouse gas catcher. Green algae were isolated from several waters in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. The microalgae species of this isolation and its identified species were subsequently cultivated in a tank-shaped cultivation (cultivation) container with 4 flourescent lamps (2x8 watts; 4x8 watts) installed on the outside side of the tank. This study evaluated the comparison of the growth of aerated microalgae O2 (1.25 liters / minute) with fixation of CO2 (1 and 2 liters / minute). The capture of CO2 into carbon dioxide is done by looking at the growing biomass, and the yield content of oil in biomass. The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth patterns of microalgae given O2 aeration and CO2 fixation. Modified & CHU 13 Detmer Modified media does not provide a significant difference to algal growth. With a large intensity of light with a medium that is sufficient to increase the growth of microalgae until it reaches the death phase. Component analysis by Chromatography Gas Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) shows that the largest component in vegetable oils from green microalgae is Palmatic acid (9.36%), Thiogeraniol (24.63%), Cyclopropane Methanol (2.45%), Farnesol ( 2.39%), Trimethyl (2.78%) and Dodencadien (5.06%).</p><p> </p>
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Alehina, Gelena, Julia Verkhoshentseva, Alexander Shamraev, and Svetlana Hardikova. "Selection and optimization of the environment for growing biotechnologically significant algae cultures on the example of Chlorococcum sp." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 53 (September 19, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202125501.
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The influence of some abiotic factors on the cultivation of biotechnologically significant algae cultures is considered on the example of Chlorococcum sp. with the selection of the optimal nutrient medium, its modification in order to maximize the growth of microalgae biomass and reduce the cost of their cultivation process. During the experiment, the medium for algae cultivation was modified, which had different parameters from the classical Prata medium, giving more intensive growth of algae and economic advantages of growing Chlorococcum sp. Keywords: GREEN ALGAE, PRODUCTIVITY, CHLOROCOCCUM SP., PRATA MEDIUM
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SHARMA, A. K., and R. B. SHARMA. "BLUE GREEN ALGAE AS MANURE ON GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF PLANTS." Scientific Temper 3, no. 1&2 (February 9, 2012): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2012.03.1.16.
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Blue green algae play an important role in thefixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the rice fields.Recent researches have shown that blue green algaecan be used as biofertilizers for rice cultivation(Venkataraman, 1977). In this paper we describe theinfluence of algae as manure on the yield andcomposition of Linseed plant.
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Dooslin Mercy Bai, V., and S. Kousik Saravana. "RECENT ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLAN (STP) USING BLUE-GREEN ALGAE." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 05 (May 31, 2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16844.
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Wastewater treatment and recycling using Spirulina algae have become increasingly popular in recent years due to its potential to address a range of environmental and nutritional challenges (3). The primary objective of this approach is to use wastewater as a nutrient source for Spirulina algae cultivation and then harvest the algae as a feed for both Plants and animals. In this Research, we will discuss in detail the various objectives of wastewater treatment recycling using Spirulina algae and how it can help promote sustainable development(3). One of the primary objectives of using Spirulina algae to treat wastewater is to promote environmental sustainability(1). Wastewater treatment is crucial to reducing the environmental impact of untreated wastewater, which can harm aquatic life and pollute water bodies. By using Spirulina algae as a means of treating wastewater, we can reduce the level of harmful pollutants in the water and promote a healthier ecosystem(2). Spirulina algae can absorb and metabolize a range of contaminants, including nitrogen and phosphorus, which are often found in wastewater. As a result, using Spirulina algae for wastewater treatment can help reduce the level of pollutants released into the environment, ultimately promoting a more sustainable and healthier ecosystem. Another significant objective of using Spirulina algae to treat wastewater is to promote nutritional benefits. Spirulina is a highly nutritious food source that is rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals.(4) By cultivating Spirulina using wastewater and then using the harvested algae as a food source, we can provide a sustainable and nutritious food source that can benefit both human health and the environment. Spirulina has been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, boosting the immune system, and improving digestive health. Additionally, Spirulina is an excellent source of protein, making it an ideal food source for vegetarians and vegans. Moreover, the use of Spirulina algae for wastewater treatment and recycling can help promote economic development.(5) Spirulina cultivation can be a profitable business opportunity, particularly in areas where water and other resources are scarce. (6)Additionally, the use of Spirulina algae for wastewater treatment can help reduce the costs associated with traditional wastewater treatment methods. As a result, using Spirulina algae for wastewater treatment and recycling can create new economic opportunities while also promoting sustainable development.
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Kambourova, Roumena, Vassya Bankova, and Georgi Petkov. "Volatile Substances of the Green Alga Scenedesmus incrassatulus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2003): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-3-408.
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Volatile substances of the green microalga Scenedesmus incrassatulus, cultivated in fresh and salt water, were studied. Cultivation in fresh water diversifies volatile secondary metabolites. Hydrocarbons and derivatives of the acetate pathway predominate when algae are grown in salt water; isoprenoids and aromatics are more abundant after fresh water cultivation.
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Silapasert, P., C. Yatongchai, and S. Sarapirom. "Investigation of plasma activated water in the growth of green microalgae (Chlorella spp.)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2431, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012037.
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Abstract The reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) from plasma activation is intensively used in agriculture, particularly in the regulation of seeds germination and plants growth. It shows a promising effect on increasing the germination rate and promoting the growth of plants. This research employed plasma activated water (PAW) in cultivation of green algae (Chlorella spp.). The objective of this research was to introduce a comparison between the use of different fluids for cultivation of green microalgae. The experiment was carried out using cultivation of green microalgae in different fluids which were fertilized water, simulated-fertilized water, tap water, tap water treated with activated plasma for 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 minutes. Samples of green microalgae were cultivated in these waters for 7 days. A comparative investigation was then conducted. It was found that nitrates remained constant at 10 mg/L on all treatment times, while the concentration of hydrogen peroxide considerably increased with the treatment time. According to the growth of green algae, a better result than simulated-fertilized water and tap water. This indicates an effect of RNS on promoting the growth of green algae. Upon completion of the test, the fertilized water showed the highest growth. However, a well-controlled plasma activation would make PAW possible for industrial uses in the future.
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Brahmbhatt*, Nayana Hasmukhbhai, R. T. Jasrai, and Rinku V. Patel. "Resoluteness of biogas potential of Cr, Pb & Cd accumulated green algae Spirogyra sp. and Oscillatoria sp." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 01 (December 31, 2016): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.01.008.
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Water pollution due to heavy metals are spreading world-wide along with industrial progress. In this research work cultivation of Spirogyra sp. & Oscillatoria sp. were done and wastewater treatment of heavy metal such as Cr, Cd & Pb was accumulated by algae. After treatment of algae Spirogyra sp. & Oscillatoria sp. were decomposed and to prepare compost. The production of biogas from algal biomass becomes economically feasible and cheaper. This present study revealed that the nutrient content of natural compost was recorded about C- 38.5%, N- 3.31%, P- 1.02%, & K- 3.42%, heavy metal content of Cd- BDL, Pb- 0.21ml/mg & Cr- 0.01ml/mg and biogas value 19.19 l/kg. The maximum value of biogas was recorded at 30 ppm concentration (27.95 l/kg) of algal compost as compare to natural compost (19.19 l/kg) in Spirogyra sp. The experimental study concluded that the selected algae showed better biogas production as compared to natural. Whereas out of selected two algae, Spirogyra sp. gave better outcome as compare to Oscillatoria sp. Thus, Study suggested that algal biomass constitute a promising, efficient, cheap, decayed material for making compost and biogas production.
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Matsumoto, A., and Y. Tsuchiya. "Earthy-Musty Odor-Producing Cyanophytes Isolated from Five Water Areas in Tokyo." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1988): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0240.
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Two kinds of 2-methylisoborneol-producing blue-green algae, Oscillatoriageminata and O.limnetica, and three kinds of geosmin-producing algae, O.amoena, O.splendida, and Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, were isolated from a park pond, a fish-cultivation pond, a river, and a reservoir. An oscillatorian species isolated from an air conditioning cooling tower was shown to yield both 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin simultaneously. Care was taken to ensure that the blue-green algae identified were those responsible for the musty odor compounds.
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Chemello, Silvia, Isabel Sousa Pinto, and Tania R. Pereira. "Optimising Kelp Cultivation to Scale up Habitat Restoration Efforts: Effect of Light Intensity on “Green Gravel” Production." Hydrobiology 2, no. 2 (May 16, 2023): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology2020022.
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Kelp forests are disappearing worldwide due to climate change and human stressors, highlighting the need for active interventions. A new restoration approach, “green gravel”, has been shown to be a potentially effective tool to restore endangered kelp forests. However, green gravel is still a novel technique that needs better experimentation and optimisation at all process stages. Contamination by other algal species is one of the critical factors in early-stage green gravel production because their overgrowth can lead to the loss of the seeded material. In this study, we assessed the effect of light intensity on kelp growth and on the coverage of contaminating algae on green gravel. Our results show that under high lights, kelps displayed faster growth (recruits on average more than three times the size and covering a six-times-larger area in high light intensity than in low light), but there was also a higher percentage of contaminating algae. In contrast, the green gravel cultivated under low lights showed almost no signs of algal contamination, but the area occupied by kelps and the length of the lamina were dramatically lower. Due to the cultivation conditions, opportunistic species can grow fast. This advantage is expected to disappear once the green gravel is deployed. To obtain cleaner cultures and to avoid the risk of losing the cultivated material, we would advise starting rearing under lower light intensity to reduce the risk of contamination but ensure kelp growth and then increasing the light intensity to boost it. Clear and appropriate protocols are absolutely necessary to minimise production costs and times and for the scaling-up of future attempts at marine forest restoration.
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Hupp, Bettina, Gabriella Huszár, Attila Farkas, and Gergely Maróti. "Algal Hydrogen Production and Exopolysaccharide Patterns in Chlorella–Bacillus Inter-Kingdom Co-Cultures." Fermentation 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9050424.
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Biohydrogen production from wastewater using eukaryotic green algae can be facilitated by appropriately selected bacterial partners and cultivation conditions. Two Chlorella algal species were chosen for these experiments, based on their robust growth ability in synthetic wastewater. The applied three Bacillus bacterial partners showed active respiration and efficient biomass production in the same synthetic wastewater. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus cereus as bacterial partners were shown to specifically promote algal biomass yield. Various inter-kingdom co-culture combinations were investigated for algal–bacterial biomass generation, for co-culture-specific exopolysaccharide patterns, and, primarily, for algal biohydrogen evolution. Chlorella sp. MACC-38 mono- and co-cultures generated significantly higher biomass compared with that of Chlorella sp. MACC-360 mono- and co-cultures, while in terms of hydrogen production, Chlorella sp. MACC-360 co-cultures clearly surpassed their Chlorella sp. MACC-38 counterparts. Imaging studies revealed tight physical interactions between the algal and bacterial partners and revealed the formation of co-culture-specific exopolysaccharides. Efficient bacterial respiration was in clear correlation with algal hydrogen production. Stable and sustainable algal hydrogen production was observed in synthetic wastewater for Chlorella sp. MACC-360 green algae in co-cultures with either Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus cereus. The highest algal hydrogen yields (30 mL H2 L−1 d−1) were obtained when Chlorella sp. MACC-360 was co-cultured with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Further co-culture-specific algal biomolecules such as co-cultivation-specific exopolysaccharides increase the valorization potential of algal–bacterial co-cultures and might contribute to the feasibility of algal biohydrogen production technologies.
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Kabaivanova, Lyudmila, Juliana Ivanova, Elena Chorukova, Veneren Hubenov, Lilyana Nacheva, and Ivan Simeonov. "Algal Biomass Accumulation in Waste Digestate after Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw." Fermentation 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120715.
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Cultivation of microalgae in waste digestate is a promising cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy for algal biomass accumulation and valuable product production. Two different digestates obtained as by-products of the anaerobic fermentation at 35 °C and 55 °C of wheat straw as a renewable source for biogas production in laboratory-scale bioreactors were tested as cultivation media for microalgae after pretreatment with active carbon for clarification. The strains of microalgae involved were the red marine microalga Porphyridium cruentum, which reached 4.7 mg/mL dry matter when grown in thermophilic digestate and green freshwater microalga-Scenedesmus acutus, whose growth was the highest—7.3 mg/mL in the mesophilic digestate. During cultivation, algae reduced the available nutrient components in the liquid digestate at the expense of increasing their biomass. This biomass can find further applications in cosmetics, pharmacy, and feed. The nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from both digestates during algae cultivation was monitored and modeled. The results led to the idea of nonlinear dynamic approximations with an exponential character. The purpose was to develop relatively simple nonlinear dynamic models based on available experimental data, as knowing the mechanisms of the considered processes can permit creating protocols for industrial-scale algal production toward obtaining economically valuable products from microalgae grown in organic waste digestate.
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Spanner, Christian, Tatyana Darienko, Tracy Biehler, Bettina Sonntag, and Thomas Pröschold. "Endosymbiotic Green Algae in Paramecium bursaria: A New Isolation Method and a Simple Diagnostic PCR Approach for the Identification." Diversity 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060240.
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Paramecium bursaria is a single-celled model organism for studying endosymbiosis among ciliates and green algae. Most strains of P. bursaria bear either Chlorella variabilis or Micractinium conductrix as endosymbionts. Both algal genera are unicellular green algae characterized by cup-shaped chloroplasts containing a single pyrenoid and reproduction by autospores. Due to their size and only few morphological characteristics, these green algae are very difficult to discriminate by microscopy only. Their cultivation is laborious and often unsuccessful, but we developed a three-step isolation method, which provided axenic cultures of endosymbionts. In addition to the time-consuming isolation, we developed a simple diagnostic PCR identification method using specific primers for C. variabilis and M. conductrix that provided reliable results. One advantage of this approach was that the algae do not have to be isolated from their host. For a comparative study, we investigated 19 strains of P. bursaria from all over the world (new isolates and available laboratory strains) belonging to the five known syngens (R1–R5). Six European ciliate strains belonging to syngens R1 and R2 bore M. conductrix as endosymbiont whereas C. variabilis was discovered in syngens R1–R5 having worldwide origins. Our results reveal the first evidence of C. variabilis as endosymbiont in P. bursaria in Europe.
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Zhu, Bingjun, Bin Liu, Chong Qu, Hao Zhang, Wenhan Guo, Zibin Liang, Feng Chen, and Ruqiang Zou. "Tailoring biomass-derived carbon for high-performance supercapacitors from controllably cultivated algae microspheres." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 4 (2018): 1523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09608a.
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Young, Erica B., Lindsay Reed, and John A. Berges. "Growth parameters and responses of green algae across a gradient of phototrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions." PeerJ 10 (July 21, 2022): e13776. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13776.
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Many studies have shown that algal growth is enhanced by organic carbon and algal mixotrophy is relevant for physiology and commercial cultivation. Most studies have tested only a single organic carbon concentration and report different growth parameters which hampers comparisons and improvements to algal cultivation methodology. This study compared growth of green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii across a gradient of photoautotrophic-mixotrophic-heterotrophic culture conditions, with five acetate concentrations. Culture growth rates and biomass achieved were compared using different methods of biomass estimation. Both species grew faster and produced the most biomass when supplied with moderate acetate concentrations (1–4 g L−1), but light was required to optimize growth rates, biomass yield, cell size and cell chlorophyll content. Higher acetate concentration (10 g L−1) inhibited algal production. The choice of growth parameter and method to estimate biomass (optical density (OD), chlorophyll a fluorescence, flow cytometry, cell counts) affected apparent responses to organic carbon, but use of OD at 600, 680 or 750 nm was consistent. There were apparent trade-offs among exponential growth rate, maximum biomass, and culture time spent in exponential phase. Different cell responses over 1–10 g L−1 acetate highlight profound physiological acclimation across a gradient of mixotrophy. In both species, cell size vs cell chlorophyll relationships were more constrained in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cultures, but under mixotrophy, and outside exponential growth phase, these relationships were more variable. This study provides insights into algal physiological responses to mixotrophy but also has practical implications for choosing parameters for monitoring commercial algal cultivation.
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Sebök, Stefan, Werner B. Herppich, and Dieter Hanelt. "Outdoor cultivation of Ulva lactuca in a recently developed ring-shaped photobioreactor: effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and photosynthetic performance." Botanica Marina 62, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0016.
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Abstract Land-based cultivation of marine macroalgae may open up the possibility to produce high quality algal biomass as required in various application areas all year round. In this context, the potential of a recently developed ring-shaped cultivation system with algae moving in a circular way, simulating the movement pattern in a standard tank cultivation vessel was evaluated using the green alga Ulva lactuca. Plants were cultivated under outdoor conditions at ambient (37 μmol CO2 kg−1 seawater) and increased CO2 concentration (152 μmol CO2 kg−1 seawater). Biomass growth and photosynthetic performance of algae were analyzed over a test period of 7 d. Elevated CO2 concentration significantly stimulated algal growth and also helped to compensate the effects of environmental stress conditions. This was indicated by the predominant stability of photosynthetic competence and represented by maximum photosynthetic electron transport rates, efficiency of light-harvesting and photon fluence rates (PFR) saturating photosynthetic electron transport at low PFR. At high PFR, no difference in photosynthetic competence was detected between algae cultivated at the high CO2-concentration and those grown at ambient CO2. Under elevated CO2 concentrations, photochemical energy dissipation decreased more distinctly at low PFR. This may reflect a declining energy demand necessary to maintain photosynthetic capacity. Under elevated CO2, the apparent changes in the quantum yields of regulated and unregulated non-photochemical energy dissipation of PS II at high PFR possibly reflected the enhanced capacity of photoprotection under the prevailing environmental conditions.
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Trinh, Dung, Truc Mai Nguyen, Dang Linh Vo, and Hung Pham. "An Applied Research of the Recycled Economic Model for Spirulina Algae’s Cultivation from Ion-Life Alkaline Water and 〖CO〗_2 Gas’s Boiler." Journal of Technical Education Science, no. 70B (June 28, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.70b.2022.1151.
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This paper presents an investigation of Spirulina algae (S. platensis) cultivation from the research and application of the circular economy model for green production by combining Ion-Life alkaline water and the gas emitted from the combustion of rice husk. This circular economy model for green production is applied in using the optimal pH values and the in which S. platensis is much easier for using. The cost of prepared medium for S. platensis cultivation from the Ion-Life alkaline water is minimized thanks to the simplex algorithm. From this algorithm, the cost prepared medium for S. platensis cultivation from the Ion-Life alkaline water can be reduced approximately 71.86 VND/liter when comparing to the Zarrouk medium (nearly equal to 3.71 % of the cost for cultivation from the Zarrouk medium). Comparing the improved medium from Ion-Life alkaline water with the Zarrouk medium for cultivating S.platensis alge are at the same conditions as the temperature from 26 ¸ 40oC and pH value from 8.6 ¸ 10.6. During the first eight days of cultivation in improved medium from Ion-Life alkaline water, the concentration of biomass increases from 0.044 to 0.93 g/L. During the next eight days, the pH values are controlled to be from 8.5 to 9.5, which is suitable for Spirulina algae since feeding the gas from the combustion of rice husk with amount of 7.6 % with the 30 minutes a day. Finding a technology that blows from smoke of boiler to make the effect of stirring the environment for achieving objectives. First, it helps to add carbon-nutrient source in the form of . Second, it helps to maintain the pH of environment in the optimal range of 8.5-9.7. As a result, the biomass concentration increases to 1.4 g/L, while this value is 1.23 g/L in the case non-using from smoke of boiler. On the basis of the obtained results, it is basic to calculate equipment and to build a technology process for the green production of cultivation of Spirulina algae from by using the molecules emitted from the combustion of biomass combining alkaline water ion-life can be applied practically.
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Brzychczyk, Beata, Tomasz Hebda, Jakub Fitas, and Jan Giełżecki. "The Follow-up Photobioreactor Illumination System for the Cultivation of Photosynthetic Microorganisms." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051143.
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The article presents the basic conceptual assumptions of a photobioreactor with a complementary lighting system. The cylindrical bioreactor has three independent, interconnected, and fully controlled lighting systems. A characteristic feature is the combination of the lighting system with the measurement of photosynthetically active PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and the optical density of the culture medium. The entire lighting system is based on RGBW (“red, green, blue, white”) LED and RBG (“red, green, blue”) LEDs. The pilot study was conducted on a simplified prototype of a photobioreactor designed for the distribution and optimization of light in algae cultures designed for energy purposes. The study was carried out on microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris BA0002a from the collection of marine algae cultures.
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Maršálek, Blahoslav, and Renata Rojíčková. "Stress Factors Enhancing Production of Algal Exudates: a Potential Self-Protective Mechanism?" Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1996): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-9-1008.
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Algae are known to produce extracellular organic substances under optimum conditions and increase their production under stress. The changes in amount and composition of extracellular carbohydrates and proteins of three green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella kessleri and Raphidocelis subcapitata (known as Selenastrum capricornutum) were studied after a 5-days’ cultivation under the influence of different types of stress factors (osmotic, organic, and heavy metal stressors). NaCl enhanced the quantity of carbohydrates more than proteins. A higher increase of proteins than carbohydrates was observed after addition of 3,5-dichlorophenol, glyphosate and cadmium chloride to algal cultures. The production of dissolved organic matter differs from species to species, with the age of a culture and the type of stressor
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Dong, Jing, Chenlu Li, Mengyang Chang, Dujuan Dai, Shiwen Liu, Bingyu Quan, Yifan Zhang, and Yunni Gao. "Effects of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa on the morphology of green alga Chlorella vulgaris." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 55 (2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2019006.
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In eutrophic freshwater lakes, cyanobacteria and green algae are in succession due to abiotic factors. Allelochemical interaction also exists. In this study, we indicated that filtrates of Microcystis aeruginosa can influence the growth rate and photosynthetic pigments of the target alga named Chlorella vulgaris. We also determined the morphological appearance and colony formation of green alga C. vulgaris that were induced by chemicals associated with a competitor cyanobacterium named M. aeruginosa. However, microcystins (MCs) were not the active substances in this study. The morphology changes and growth of C. vulgaris affected by M. aeruginosa filtrates were dependent on the initial cultivation density of the target algae and the cultivation phase of M. aeruginosa. We also assumed that the morphology changes were defensive strategies utilised by C. vulgaris to resist M. aeruginosa. The temporary stress of M. aeruginosa was favourable to the growth of C. vulgaris. By contrast, the continuous induction of colony formation by M. aeruginosa in the field inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris. The present results provided new insights into the interaction between algae and theoretical basis for algae succession in the field.
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Makowska, Monika. "Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp. in a Stirred Tank Bioreactor." Engineering and Protection of Environment 20, no. 2 (April 2017): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/ios.2017.2.8.
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Sizov, D. V., and V. P. Polischuk. "Cultivation, purification and crystallization of virus of green algae Tetraselmis viridis." Biopolymers and Cell 22, no. 3 (May 20, 2006): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000737.
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VENCKUS, Petras, Jolanta KOSTKEVIČIENĖ, and Vida BENDIKIENĖ. "GREEN ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS CULTIVATION IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER AND BIOMASS COMPOSITION." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1245661.
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This paper deals with the accumulation of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the biomass of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris that is cultivated in the municipal wastewater of Vilnius City. The growth rate of the culture on different chemical compositions of media was investigated. Dependence of lipid, carbohydrate and protein content on total phosphorus and nitrogen initial concentrations in wastewater and removal of nutrients was investigated. Data showed that the higher amount of total nitrogen is the main factor leading to a higher rate of biomass increase. The study showed that Chlorella vulgaris is capable of very efficient nutrient removal from wastewater (up to 86% of total nitrogen and 87% phosphorus was removed). Data showed that there is strong correlation between the initial concentration of nitrogen, and in some cases phosphorus, in the media and content of proteins and carbohydrates in the biomass. A higher amount of nitrogen in the starting media leads to a higher amount of proteins and a lower amount of carbohydrate in the biomass. There was no correlation found between the initial nitrogen or phosphorus concentration in the media and content of lipids in the biomass.
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Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D., Ahmed Albahnasawi, Tahra Al Maskari, Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar, Mohammed J. K. Bashir, Dia Eddin Nassani, and Salem S. Abu Amr. "Biofuel Production using Cultivated Algae: Technologies, Economics, and Its Environmental Impacts." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031316.
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The process of looking for alternative energy sources is driven by the increasing demand for energy and environmental contamination caused by using fossil fuels. Recent investigations reported the efficiency of microalgae for biofuel production due to its low cost of production, high speed of growth, and ability to grow in harsh environments. In addition, many microalgae are photosynthetic, consuming CO2 and solar light to grow in biomass and providing a promising bioenergy source. This review presents the recent advances in the application of microalgae for biofuel production. In addition, cultivation and harvesting systems and environmental factors that affect microalgae cultivation for biofuel production have also been discussed. Moreover, lipid extraction and conversion technologies to biofuel are presented. The mixotrophic cultivation strategy is promising as it combines the advantages of heterotrophy and autotrophy. Green harvesting methods such as using bio-coagulants and flocculants are promising technologies to reduce the cost of microalgal biomass production. In the future, more investigations into co-cultivation systems, new green harvesting methods, high lipids extraction methods, and the optimization of lipid extraction and converting processes should be implemented to increase the sustainability of microalgae application for biofuel production.
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Trikka, Fotini, Pauline Israel, Konstantinos Koukaras, and Anagnostis Argiriou. "Biochemical characterization of eight Greek algae as candidate species for local seaweed cultivation." Botanica Marina 64, no. 4 (July 14, 2021): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2021-0006.
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Abstract Seaweeds cover a wide range of applications, e.g. as food supplements, in animal feed, as biofuels or as sources of bioactive compounds. The Greek coast in the East Mediterranean is rich in various seaweeds that remain unexploited because their chemical and nutritional content has not yet been characterized. In the present study, eight seaweeds belonging to the Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta (class Phaeophyceae) and Chlorophyta were biochemically characterized and evaluated as potential food sources. Total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, fatty acids and elemental composition were measured. Acanthophora nayadiformis, Ceramium sp. (Rhodophyta), Codium fragile (Chlorophyta), Cystoseira foeniculacea and Gongolaria barbata (formerly Cystoseira barbata) (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) had the highest phenolic content and strongest antioxidant activity. Both brown and red seaweeds were rich in minerals, with G. barbata, Dictyopteris polypodioides (formerly Dictyopteris membranacea) (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae) and A. nayadiformis being the richest in macro- and microelements. The low Na/K ratio in most seaweeds (0.03–3.49) and the high iron content of red and brown algae (1.01–52.40 mg 100 g−1 of wet tissue) make algal consumption an attractive option. Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae had the lowest n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios, with α-linolenic acid being the most abundant n-3 PUFA. The green algae Codium fragile and Ulva lactuca had the highest oleic and docosahexaenoic acid content, respectively. Finally, Rhodophyta were the highest producers of eicosapentaenoic acid. The findings confirmed the nutritional value of all seaweeds, highlighting brown seaweeds Cystoseira foeniculacea, G. barbata, and D. polypodioides as potential sources for food supplements and candidate species for seaweed cultivation in Mediterranean coastal waters.
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Chang, Shui Ping, Yi Chao Lee, Chih Sheng Lee, and Nien Hsin Kao. "Cladophora Spp. as an Indicator of the Salinity in Tidal River." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.440.
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The Cladophora genus comprises macro benthic green algae, widely distributed in fresh and salt water around the world. This study employed C. glomerata and C. vagabunda to observe changes in the thickness of the mucilage layer formed by extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and the number of epiphytic algae on the Cladophora species in different tidal reaches near the mouth of a river. Through a cultivation experiment, we observed the influence of salinity on the thickness of mucilage layers and the number of epiphytes on these two algal species. We discovered that the growth of C. glomerata is extremely sensitive to salinity; when salinity exceeds 1.0‰, a significant increase in EPS is induced, thickening the extracellular mucilage layer and affecting the attachment of epiphytes. Due to the wide distribution of C. glomerata, the sensitivity of this algal species to salinity can be employed as a biological indicator of variations in salinity.
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Ainuri, Muhammad Z., Hermin P. Kusumaningrum, and Endang Kusdiyantini. "Microbiological and Ecophysiological Characterization of Green Algae Dunaliella sp. for Improvement of Carotenoid Production." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 10, no. 2 (November 20, 2012): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.10.2.66-69.
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An isolate of green algae Dunaliella sp. from BBAP Jepara is usually used as a source for carotenoid supplementfor marine animal cultivation in the local area. In order to improve carotenoid production especially detection ofbiosynthetic pathway from the organisms investigated in this study, the main purpose of this study is characterizingDunaliella sp. based on it’s microbiological and ecophysiological characters. The research was done by characterizethe growth, the cell and colonies microbiologically, total pigment production, and also characterize all of theecophysiological factors affecting the algal growth and survival. The results of this research showed that Dunaliellasp. posseses typical characteristic of green eucaryote alga, in their growth and ecological condition. The extremecharacters which was toleration ability to high salinity environment of was used to conclude Dunaliella sp. asDunaliella salina.
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K., Santhoshkumar, Prasanthkumar S., and J. G. Ray. "Chlorococcum humicola (Nageli) Rabenhorst as a Renewable Source of Bioproducts and Biofuel." Journal of Plant Studies 5, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v5n1p48.
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Among the diverse new generation biomass yielding species, green algae are the most promising organisms. Compared to biomass production of other organisms, production of algae is less laborious, quite fast, and more economical. Moreover, eutrophicated waters get naturally purified in the cultivation process of algae. Algal biomass from monoculture of specific species, which are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, is considered a good source of diverse bio-products and feed-stock for food, feeds and bio-fuels. Quantity and quality of algal biomass for specific products depend on the species and strains as well as environmental conditions of cultivation. In this connection, biomass productivity and oil-yield of a local strain of <em>Chlorococcum humicola </em>(Nageli) Rabenhorst was assessed in Bold’s Basal Medium. Long-term storage capacity of the alga was tried by entrapping the algal cells in sodium alginate beads, which showed viability up to 14 months. Estimation of total carbohydrate, protein, lipid and chemical characterization of oil as well as the feasibility of its conversion to biodiesel revealed the industrial potential of this local strain as a source of food and biofuel. Fatty acid profiling of the extracted oil showed that 70% are mono-saturated and 12.2 % are nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil could be effectively trans-esterified to methyl esters and the conversion was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Further standardization of the mass production of the alga in natural environmental conditions for biomass and oil is progressing to optimize its value as globally competent food, nutraceutical and biofuel resource.
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Cheban, Larysa. "The use of Chlorella vulgaris beijer in bioremediation activities." Biolohichni systemy 12, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2020.01.026.
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The article focuses on the possibility of applying the green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijer. culture to bioremediation activities. Two types of wastewater were simulated, agricultural (ACW) and domestic (DW). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The ratio of the amount of the algal culture and the wastewater volume was 1:10. The content of NO3-, NO2-and NH4+ in the composition of the wastewater was tested before and after cultivating the alga; during cultivation, the pH of the culture medium and the optical density of the Ch. vulgaris culture were monitored. The indicators of the amount of various forms of nitrogen and the pH level show that simulated domestic and agricultural wastewater can serve as an alternative nutrient medium for growing green algae. The use of Ch. vulgaris for the treatment of domestic and agricultural effluents allows avoiding almost completely their nitrate and ammonia pollution. The amount of biomass obtained within 25 days of cultivating Ch. vulgaris on agricultural sewage was two times higher than in the control Tamiya medium. Resulting Ch. vulgaris algal mass with the proteins content of 55% and lipids reaching 30% can match various needs being used a source of protein or lipids.
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Moo-Puc, Rosa, Daniel Robledo, and Yolanda Freile-Pelegrin. "Enhanced Antitumoral Activity of Extracts Derived from CulturedUdotea flabellum(Chlorophyta)." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/969275.
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Very few studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of culture conditions on the production or activity of active metabolites in algae. Previous studies suggest that the synthesis of bioactive compounds is strongly influenced by irradiance level. To investigate whether the antiproliferative activity ofUdotea flabellumextracts is modified after cultivation, this green alga was cultured under four photon flux densities (PFD) for 30 days. After 10, 20, and 30 days, algae were extracted with dichloromethane: methanol and screened for antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines (laryngeal—Hep-2, cervix—HeLa, cervix squamous—SiHa and nasopharynx—KB) by SRB assay. Lipid and phenol content were evaluated by standardized methods on algae organic extracts. After 10 days of cultivation, organicU. flabellumextracts showed a significant increase in antiproliferative activity on Hela and SiHa cells when compared to noncultured algae extracts. Extracts obtained after 10 and 20 days of culture were active on KB and Hep-2 cells. Total phenol and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in organic extracts changed with cultivation time but not by irradiance treatment. Extracts fromU. flabellumobtained after 10 and 20 days of culture have been selected for fractionation and isolation of active compounds.
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Vasileva, Iv, and J. Ivanova. "BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF GREEN AND RED ALGAE – A KEY FOR UNDERSTANDING THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION AS FOOD ADDITIVES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.01.001.
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PURPOSE: With the improvements of the microalgal cultivation industry, it became possible to add algal biomass and its metabolites in foods in order to create a balanced and health-food. METHODS: By determining the growth and the biochemical composition (lipids, carbohydrates and proteins), two algal strains were evaluated as a potential source of food additives – the newly isolated strain of the green algae Scenedesmus sp. and the red algae Porphyridium cruentum). RESULTS: It turned out that in Scenedesmus sp. BGP the most abundant component were the proteins (up tp 45 %), which makes this alga an excellent unconventional protein producer. As opposed to it, the biochemical composition of Porphyridium cruentum was dominated by carbohydrates (up to 57%), but there was also a high content of some essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: arachidonic (AA, 20:4; 13-29%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, 24-25%). CONCLUSIONS: Microalgae are a really remarkable source of biomass and a wide range of substances, but this area is poorly explored. Both of the microalgal strains proved to be important sources of functional ingredients that could be successfully used as food additives together or separately.
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Saha, Bidyut Baran, Yoshifumi Yoda, Kazunari Nagamatsu, Mir Shariful Islam, and Izuru Senaha. "Green algae Caulerpa lentillifera cultivation technique utilising CO2 and its social impacts." International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 18, no. 1/2 (2024): 1—thisLastPage. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2024.10056684.
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Ahmad, Imran, Norhayati Abdullah, Iwamoto Koji, Shaza Eva Mohamad, Anas Al-Dailami, and Ali Yuzir. "Role of Algae in Built Environment and Green Cities: A Holistic approach towards Sustainability." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2-3 (July 14, 2022): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1039.
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The changing lifestyle, urbanization, and depletion of non-renewable resources to match the ever-increasing energy demand are causing a pessimistic impact on the environment. The cities are responsible for 75% of carbon emissions and about 60-80% of the energy consumption globally, causing a precarious situation because they only constitute 3% of the earth’s land. Urbanization makes the cities vulnerable due to the changing climatic conditions and possibilities of natural deserts disasters, thereby compelling the researchers to go for planning building green and resilient cities. Green cities are imperative in resisting the environmental crisis and assure a sustainable future for the upcoming generations. The pivotal role for the green cities is played by the renewable sources of energy. Therefore, solar and wind energy systems were employed, but eventually these renewable energy systems are associated with cost and pollution issues. This led to the paradigm-shifting towards algae as a third-generation feedstock and it is expected to become a potential source of green energy and environment due to the following advantages: (i) sequestration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), (ii) they can be easily and rapidly cultured and bioengineered, (iii) they can utilize the wastewater as a source of nutrients for its cultivation, (iv) their growth does not depend upon the geography and climate, and (v) algal biomass can be processed into biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas etc) and other useful bioproducts (biofertilizer & biochar). This review paper incorporates the role of microalgal bioreactive façades (algae powered buildings) in the simultaneous mitigation of environment and energy production, contributing to green cities. Since the importance of Urban Green Space (UGS) is imperative for green cities, its functions and role during the critical period of the pandemic are also explained together with the efficient and viable biofoundry approach of converting algal blooms in urban water bodies to energy and useful products.
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Shen, Yafei. "Carbon dioxide bio-fixation and wastewater treatment via algae photochemical synthesis for biofuels production." RSC Adv. 4, no. 91 (2014): 49672–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06441k.
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Utilizing the energy, nutrients and CO2held within residual waste materials to provide all necessary inputs except for sunlight, the cultivation of algae becomes a closed-loop engineered ecosystem. Developing this green biotechnology is a tangible step towards a waste-free sustainable society.
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Czinkóczky, Réka, and Áron Németh. "Effect of Algae Treatment On Stevia Rebaudiana Growth." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2018-0022.
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Abstract Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a small, perennial and herbaceous shrub which originated in Paraguay (South America). Stevia rebaudiana is not native to Hungary but its cultivation and consumption may have many benefits, e.g. to reduce blood pressure and as a non-caloric sweetener. Steviol glycosides, mostly stevioside and rebaudioside A, located in the leaves are about 200–300 times sweeter than sucrose. S. rebaudina cultivation in Hungary would offer many opportunities in healthcare and the sweet industry. With the aim of achieving good green biomass yields, the effect of MACC4 autotrophic and heterotrophic algae strains was investigated by testing them as both leaf and soil fertilizers in the soil of Stevia rebaudiana seedlings and in its aqueous rooting experiments. In one of the later set up, the formation of roots was improved by combining the application of red light and algae treatment.
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Bodnar, O. I., I. O. Andreev, M. Z. Prokopiak, N. M. Drobyk, and V. V. Grubinko. "The analysis of the genetic polymorphism of Chlorella vulgaris Beyer. culture growing in the presence of sodium selenite, zinc sulfate and chromium chloride." Algologia 31, no. 2 (June 2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg31.02.113.
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The use of microalgae for the economic needs and the commercial goals determines the areas of the scientific researches that will make it possible to increase their productivity. It is also important to direct the metabolism of the algae to the activating of certain synthetic processes in order to obtain the desired compounds. The metals and non-metals, entering into the cell, have a high biochemical activity. These elements modify the metabolic reactions in general and the metabolic reactions related to the functioning of the genome of microalgae cells. Aim. The aim was to study the genetic polymorphism of Chlorella vulgaris under the action of such trace elements as selenium, zinc and chromium in order to optimize the methods of algae cultivation and the obtaining of the beneficial compounds. Methods. The hydrobiological methods of algae cultivation, DNA isolation method by Rogers S. and Bendich A. (1985), PCR-analysis with ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats)- and IRAP-markers (inter-retransposon amplified polymorphism) have been used. Results. For all samples of C. vulgaris 109 DNA-fragments were obtained and 42 of them were polymorphic (38.5%). Jacquard distances (DJ) between the samples of C. vulgaris culture (cultures are grown on the media with different elements compositions and control (standard conditions) were 0.232 (only selenite), 0.206 (selenite and zinc) and 0.300 (selenite and chromium). Conclusions. Probably the genetic modifications of C. vulgaris cells are caused by the additional introduction of the microelements into the culture medium. The genetic polymorphism of the algae grown on media with various trace elements and their combinations was like the genetic polymorphism of the unicellular green algae grown in the natural conditions. It indicates the absence of significant genotoxic effects of the trace elements and high metabolic and genetic plasticity of algal culture.
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SHEVCHUK, Hanna. "BIOFUELS FROM ALGAE AS A DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE «GREEN» ECONOMY: THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS." 3, no. 3(57) (September 28, 2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-3-2.
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The article describes environmental aspects of the impact of traditional energy sources on the environment. It is substantiated that energy needs and environmental problems lead to the search for alternative renewable fuels. A comparative analysis of the structure of general supply between traditional and alternative energy sources is done. The current state of production and use of traditional fuels and prospects for the production of biofuels in Ukraine are analyzed. The projected structure of the use of traditional and alternative fuels according to the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035 «Safety, energy efficiency, competitiveness» is presented. The classification of biofuels is provided depending on raw materials: first, second and third generation. Unlike biofuels from crops such as sugar cane and corn (first-generation biofuels), as well as animal and vegetable wastes (second-generation), algae-derived fuels (third-generation biofuels) have many benefits. In particular, this is a greater potential for biofuel production compared to previous systems: a variety of possible fuels (biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, biogas and even jet fuel); flexible production technologies. Algae cultivation technologies have been studied: especially cultivation in open reservoirs or in more advanced closed ponds and bioreactors. It is substantiated that algae are most often used for biodiesel production; a comparison of different technologies for its production is made. The foreign experience of algae biofuel production and its usage by various automobile companies and enterprises, as well as the prospects of algae biofuel production in Ukraine are presented. Despite the prospects for the production of the third-generation biofuels, there we think, that the issue of investigation has been not been studied properly by scientists and Ukrainian producers don’t have basic knowledge.
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Mallick, Ranjana. "Implication of blue green algae on yield attributes and economics of rice cultivation." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 06 (June 1, 2017): 5386. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.06.001.
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Indian agriculture is presently at cross roads as it has to increase output at one hand and has to take care of environmental aspects on the other hand. Rice cultivation is also facing the same dilemma. Use of blue green algae as bio fertilizer is one possible way to minimize application of synthetic fertilizers which have far reaching implications on environment and health. Present research study was formulated to screen most suitable combination of different species of cyanobacteria on yield attribute of Vandana variety of rice grown in Hazaribagh district. Three species of cyanobacteria, Anabaena + Nostoc + Gloeotrichia was studied and was compared with controlled condition and condition with conventional fertilization. It was observed that combination of biofertilizer gives better result on all parameters when compared to conventional fertilizer.
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del Rio-Chanona, Ehecatl A., Jiao Liu, Jonathan L. Wagner, Dongda Zhang, Yingying Meng, Song Xue, and Nilay Shah. "Dynamic modeling of green algae cultivation in a photobioreactor for sustainable biodiesel production." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 115, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.26483.
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Cheban, Larysa, Yuliia Trebysh, and Mykhailo Marchenko. "Productivity of green algae Dunaliella viridis Teodoresco at different amount of NaCl in the culture medium." Biolohichni systemy 11, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2019.02.148.
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The study is devoted to an investigation of the effect of NaCl concentration on the productivity of halophilic algae D. viridis. This is a single-celled photosynthetic green algae that lack a cell wall. D. viridis can grow at extremely high salinities and light intensities. Salt was added to the culture medium at a concentration of 0.1 M, 0,5 M, 1,5 M and 2 M. The growth pattern of D. viridis depends on the concentration of NaCl in the culture medium. It was shown that such culture is resistant to high concentrations of salt. In the classical culture medium Artari, D. viridis grows very rapidly and accumulates maximum biomass at the end of the exponential growth phase. Changes in salt concentration of classical culture medium Artari changes the biomass growth rate. The maximal accumulation of biomass is observed on 12-th day of D. viridis growing at 1.5 M NaCl. The use of 0.1 M or 0.5 M salt slows the growth of algae culture. In the cultivation of D. viridis under conditions of varying availability of NaCl marked slight fluctuations in the pH level. However, they were not critical for this alga. Changing the amount of NaCl help to predict an increase in productivity of algae lipids or proteins. The biomass of D. viridis is characterized of maximal protein content while cultivating at 0.5 M or 1.5 M NaCl. The highest amount of lipids and carotenoids was observed in algae cultivated at 2 M salt. But they were also characteristic of the control environment. By the amount of biomass accumulated, protein content, levels of lipids and pigments, the Artari medium with 1.5 M NaCl is optimal for the production of D. viridis biomass with a higher protein content. Such D. viridis biomass can be used as a feed in aquaculture.
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AlFadhly, Nawal K. Z., Nawfal Alhelfi, Ammar B. Altemimi, Deepak Kumar Verma, and Francesco Cacciola. "Tendencies Affecting the Growth and Cultivation of Genus Spirulina: An Investigative Review on Current Trends." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 3063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223063.
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Spirulina, a kind of blue-green algae, is one of the Earth’s oldest known forms of life. Spirulina grows best in very alkaline environments, although it may flourish across a wide variety of pH values. There are several techniques for growing Spirulina spp., ranging from open systems such as ponds and lakes, which are vulnerable to contamination by animals and extraterrestrial species, to closed systems such as photovoltaic reactors, which are not. Most contaminated toxins come from other toxic algae species that become mixed up during harvest, necessitating the study of spirulina production processes at home. Lighting, temperature, inoculation volume, stirring speed, dissolved particles, pH, water quality, and overall micronutrient richness are only a few of the environmental parameters influencing spirulina production. This review article covers the conditions required for spirulina cultivation, as well as a number of crucial factors that influence its growth and development while it is being grown. In addition, the article discusses harvesting processes, biomass measurement methods, the identification of dangerous algae, and the risk of contaminating algae as it grows on cultures. Spirulina’s rising prospects as food for human consumption are a direct outcome of its prospective health and therapeutic advantages.
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Ueno, Ryohei, Shun Wada, and Naoto Urano. "Repeated batch cultivation of the hydrocarbon-degrading, micro-algal strain Prototheca zopfii RND16 immobilized in polyurethane foam." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 1 (January 2008): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-112.
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This study reports on the stability of the cells of a heterotrophic green micro-algal strain Prototheca zopfii RND16 immobilized in polyurethane foam (PUF) cubes during degradation of mixed hydrocarbon substrate, which was composed of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in 5 successive cycles of repeated batch cultivation at 30 °C. Both RND16 cells and mixed hydrocarbon substrate components had been entrapped in PUF cubes through cultivation. PUF-immobilized RND16 degraded n-alkanes almost completely, whereas the strain hardly degraded PAHs in PUFs, rather they accumulated in the matrices. It is noteworthy that this result is strikingly different from that of the free-living cell culture, where RND16 reduced concentrations of both n-alkanes and PAHs. However, PAHs accumulation in the PUFs did not impair the performance of the immobilized alga to utilize n-alkanes. These results suggest that the PUFs harboring RND16 cells could be used repeatedly for selective retrieval of PAHs from oil-polluted waters after preferential biodegradation of n-alkanes by algae.
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Wirawan, I. Gede Putu, Ni Kadek Emi Sintha Dewi, Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara, I. Gde Nengah Adhilaksman Sunyamurthi, I. Made Jawi, I. Nyoman Wijaya, Ida Ayu Putri Darmawati, I. Ketut Suada, and Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika. "Phytochemical Analysis and Molecular Identification of Green Macroalgae Caulerpa spp. from Bali, Indonesia." Molecules 27, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 4879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154879.
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The studies of the Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur (Caulerpa spp.) species and secondary metabolites are still very limited. Proper identification will support various aspects, such as cultivation, utilization, and economic interests. Moreover, understanding the secondary metabolites will assist in developing algae-based products. This study aimed to identify these indigenous Caulerpa algae and analyze their bioactive components. The tufA sequence was employed as a molecular marker in DNA barcoding, and its bioactive components were identified using the GC-MS method. The phylogenetic tree was generated in MEGA 11 using the maximum likelihood method, and the robustness of the tree was evaluated using bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. This study revealed that Bulung Boni is strongly connected to Caulerpa cylindracea. However, Bulung Anggur shows no close relationship to other Caulerpa species. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts of Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur showed the presence of 11 and 13 compounds, respectively. The majority of the compounds found in these algae have been shown to possess biological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetic. Further study is necessary to compare the data obtained using different molecular markers in DNA barcoding, and to elucidate other undisclosed compounds in these Caulerpa algae.
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Dong, Jing, Mengyang Chang, Chenlu Li, Jincan Li, and Xiangyang Shang. "Morphological and growth responses of two green algal strains to toxic Microcystis are dependent on the cultivation growth phase of filtrate and target strain." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 54 (2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2018003.
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Allelopathic interactions amongst phytoplankton are considered an important factor contributing to species competition and succession in aquatic ecosystems, but their mechanisms in plankton dynamics are poorly described. In this study, whether toxic Microcystis aeruginosa could affect the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Kirchneriella sp. was examined according to filtrate experiments at different cultivation phases. Results indicated that M. aeruginosa filtrate significantly influenced the growth and morphological characteristics of the two target green algae, which were dependent on the cultivation growth phase of filtrate and target strain. At the beginning of the experiment, the formation of a large C. vulgaris colony was induced by M. aeruginosa filtrate. The effects of filtrate in the stationary phase (SP) was more significant than that of the exponential phase (EP). Subsequently, the colonies gradually broke into small colonies or single cells. The growth rate of C. vulgaris was finally promoted in the filtrate treatment. For Kirchneriella sp., the colonies formed and remained in M. aeruginosa filtrate under EP until the end of the experiment. Smaller colonies were observed in Kirchneriella sp. by M. aeruginosa filtrate under SP than those in the control, and larger colonies were not detected. The growth rate of Kirchneriella sp. was inhibited in the filtrate of EP but was promoted in SP. This study provided new insights into the interaction between the morphological responses and growth effects of algae and proposed a new theoretical basis for algal succession in aquatic ecosystems.
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Moore, Richard E., Thomas H. Corbett, Gregory M. L. Patterson, and Frederick A. Valeriote. "The Search for New Antitumor Drugs from Blue-Green Algae." Current Pharmaceutical Design 2, no. 3 (June 1996): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612802666220921181137.
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Abstract: Six to ten percent of the extracts of laboratory-cultured blue-green algae are significantly cytotoxic against human tumor cell lines. Structurally-unique cytotoxins have been isolated from most of the active extracts. Of the extracts of >2000 cyanophytes examined to date, approximately 0.8% showed solid tumor selective cytotoxicity in the Corbett assay. The lipophilic extract of Nostoc sp. GSV 224 was by far the most cytotoxic and one of the few extracts that were both solid tumor and tumor selective. Cyclic depsipeptides called cryptophycins were found to be the solid tumor and tumor selective agents. In vivo studies on naturally-occurring cryptophycin-1 and semi-synthetic cryptophycin-8 indicate that these compounds are very active against a broad spectrrum of tumors implanted in mice, including multidrug-resistant tumors, and that a cryptophycin analog may eventually be evaluated in the clinic. Several cytotoxins from terrestrial cyanophytes have•structures that resemble those of some antineoplastic agents from marine invertebrates, suggesting that a more extensive cultivation and screening effort on marine cyanophytes could lead to more discoveries of new antitumor drugs.
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Adochite, Cristina, and Luminita Andronic. "Aquatic Toxicity of Photocatalyst Nanoparticles to Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris." Water 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010077.
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In the last years, nanoparticles such as TiO2, ZnO, NiO, CuO and Fe2O3 were mainly used in wastewater applications. In addition to the positive aspects concerning using nanoparticles in the advanced oxidation process of wastewater containing pollutants, the impact of these nanoparticles on the environment must also be investigated. The toxicity of nanoparticles is generally investigated by the nanomaterials’ effect on green algae, especially on Chlorella vulgaris. In this review, several aspects are reviewed: the Chlorella vulgaris culture monitoring and growth parameters, the effect of different nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris, the toxicity of photocatalyst nanoparticles, and the mechanism of photocatalyst during oxidative stress on the photosynthetic mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris. The Bold basal medium (BBM) is generally recognized as an excellent standard cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris in the known environmental conditions such as temperature in the range 20–30 °C and light intensity of around 150 μE·m2·s−1 under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle. The nanoparticles synthesis methods influence the particle size, morphology, density, surface area to generate growth inhibition and further algal deaths at the nanoparticle-dependent concentration. Moreover, the results revealed that nanoparticles caused a more potent inhibitory effect on microalgal growth and severely disrupted algal cells’ membranes.
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Kohlhase, M., and P. Pohl. "Pilot Scale Axenic Mass Cultivation of Microalgae II. Sterols of Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)." Planta Medica 52, no. 05 (October 1986): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969215.
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