Journal articles on the topic 'Green aircraft design'
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1
Djojodihardjo, Harijono. "Overview of green quad bubble business jet aerodynamic configuration design." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 566–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2016-0241.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of introducing a number of visionary and pioneering ideas and upcoming enabling technologies for a conceptual and aerodynamic design of green business jet aircraft to meet various requirements within Green and N + 2 Aircraft framework, and at the same time, to meet the requirements of air transportation demand, economic growth and environmental conservation. Design/methodology/approach A synthesis of various aircraft design methodologies has been carried out through iterative optimization to arrive at the conceptually designed aircraft with novel concept with optimum performance within the subsonic flight regimes. Major ideas derived from D8 and other novel concepts are appropriately applied in the work, which starts with fuel efficient motivation, and followed by wing aerodynamics and other critical factors related to the design requirements and objectives. Findings Through a meticulous effort following the synthesized design methodologies in the conceptual design phase, a conceptual design of a quad-bubble business jets with a set of specifications that meet the green and N + 2 aircraft technology requirements and exhibit promising performances is proposed and assessed within recent aircraft technology development. Research limitations/implications The research work is limited to conceptual design and analytical work which should be followed by further iterative steps incorporating experiments and detailed structural and aerodynamic computations. Practical implications The conceptual design proposed can be utilized as a baseline for further practical step in an aircraft development project. Social implications The conceptual design proposed could be utilized for business and economic study for future air transportation system. Originality/value The work is original, incorporating review of state-of-the-art technology, environmental requirements and a synthesis of a novel product.
2
Brooker, P. "Civil aircraft design priorities: air quality? climate change? noise?" Aeronautical Journal 110, no. 1110 (August 2006): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000001408.
Abstract:
AbstractA variety of related questions is posed. Are the right priorities for future aircraft design being set now? New civil aircraft types could be ‘silent’, i.e. make much less noise than current types. They could be ‘green’, i.e. safeguard the environment. Is silent as important as Green? The crucial answer is that future aircraft design should focus on substantial reductions on climate change impact. The air quality targets proposed by the ‘Sustainable Aviation’ initiative appear very ambitious: they should be pursued only to the extent that they do not affect improved fuel efficiency and reduced climate-changing emissions. Good progress has already been made on the aircraft noise targets proposed by the ‘Sustainable Aviation’ initiative, but again they should be pursued only to the extent that they do not affect improved fuel efficiency and reduced climate-changing emissions. The financial case for designing to reduce aircraft noise in order to deliver novel financial benefits, e.g. increase airport flights at night and/or relocate airports, is weak.
3
Xi, Mingze. "Rational Design of Future Potential Electric Aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2434, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2434/1/012006.
Abstract:
Abstract With the development of science and technology, the shortage of fossil energy has become a problem that cannot be ignored. The main significance of studying electric aircraft is to reduce energy consumption and achieve green travel. The electric airplane project is very unusual. It can change the energy use of the world. If the electric airplane can be designed, it will be used in other fields, such as aviation. The advantages of electric aircraft, such as low cost, high efficiency, and sustainability, can reduce the world’s oil energy consumption. In addition, it is believed that many people have built electric vehicles. The noise of electric vehicles will be quieter than that of fossil fuel aircraft. This green energy can make the world develop and progress faster. Furthermore, the low price, energy conservation, environmental protection, and low cost have huge commercial potential. The paper organization mainly consists of the new battery, electric motor vs. jet, thermal energy, and required energy.
4
Booker, Julian, Caius Patel, and Phillip Mellor. "Modelling Green VTOL Concept Designs for Reliability and Efficiency." Designs 5, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5040068.
Abstract:
All-electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are a future transport goal and a possible ‘green’ solution to increasing climate-related pressures for aviation. Ensuring the safety of passengers is of high importance, informed through appropriate reliability predictions to satisfy emerging flight certification requirements. This paper introduces another important consideration related to redundancy offered by multiplex electric motors, a maturing technology which could help electric aircraft manufacturers meet the high reliability targets being set. A concept design methodology is overviewed involving a symbolic representation of aircraft and block modelling of two important figures of merit, reliability, and efficiency, supported by data. This leads to a comparative study of green aircraft configurations indicating which have the most potential now, and in the future. Two main case studies are then presented: an electric tail rotor retrofitted to an existing turbine powered helicopter (hybrid) and an eVTOL aircraft (all-electric), demonstrating the impact of multiplex level and number of propulsion channels on meeting target reliabilities. The paper closes with a summary of the important contribution to be made by multiplex electric machines, well as the advancements necessary for green VTOL aircraft sub-systems, e.g., power control unit and batteries, to improve reliability predictions and safety further.
5
Keivanpour, Samira, Daoud Ait Kadi, and Christian Mascle. "End of life aircrafts recovery and green supply chain (a conceptual framework for addressing opportunities and challenges)." Management Research Review 38, no. 10 (October 19, 2015): 1098–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-11-2014-0267.
Abstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to address the different aspects of end-of-life (EOL) aircraft problems and their effects on original manufacturer’s supply chain. Aircraft manufacturers, in the greener aviation context, need to care about the footprint of planes at the EOL. Considering the challenges in EOL aircraft recovery, the reverse logistics and green supply chain solutions in the other industrial sections cannot be applied in the aerospace industry. A conceptual framework with four elements, supply chain competency, governance policy, relationship in supply chain and aerospace industry context, provides a basis for assessing the opportunities and challenges of the green supply chain in this industry. Design/methodology/approach – The basic research method utilized in this paper is the literature review. The literature review is a research methodology that includes examining books, journals, conference proceedings and dissertations for available information on the area of research. The research area regarding EOL aircraft is new. A substantial amount of literature exists in the field of end-of-life vehicle, but the main content of literature about the aircraft recycling can be obtained via relatively few literature, technical reports, news and industrial experts’ opinions. The literature is complete in some respects while inadequate in others. A considerable amount of information has been gathered through graduate student projects. The other information has been collected via contacts with professionals involved in an EOL aircraft recycling project. The basis for this methodological framework comes from a research process proposed by Mayring (2010) that emphasizes on four steps: material collection, descriptive analysis, category section and material evaluation. Findings – This paper addresses the opportunities and challenges of applying a green supply chain for aircraft manufacturers and analyzes the different aspects of aircraft at the EOL in the context of green supply chain. Research limitations/implications – This study enriches the literature by identifying EOL aircraft value chain analysis in the sustainable development context. It provides an introduction to a fresh research theme and sheds some light on green supply challenges in the aerospace industry. Practical implications – The proposed conceptual framework in this paper helps practitioners to realize the opportunities and challenges of aircraft manufacturers in applying long-term strategies with respect to EOL aircrafts. The proposed framework helps manufacturers to evaluate different perspectives of the EOL aircraft problem. Moreover, the current contribution of aircraft manufacturers into EOL projects is not in a systematic structure and performed through several managerial and professional meetings. The proposed framework in this study is a valuable tool to evaluate the different opportunities and challenges in an organized way. Originality/value – This work provides a valuable framework for future research related to green supply chains in the aerospace context. It also aids practitioners to realize the EOL aircraft problem in the context of the green supply chain, considering the opportunities and challenges.
6
Baalbergen, Erik, Wim Lammen, Nikita Noskov, Pier-Davide Ciampa, and Erwin Moerland. "Integrated collaboration capabilities for competitive aircraft design." MATEC Web of Conferences 233 (2018): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300015.
Abstract:
Airlines need to continuously extend and modernise their fleets, to keep up with the challenges of air-travel growth, competition, green, safe and secure operations, and growing passenger demands. As a result, the aircraft industry and its supply chain have to manage the growing needs for cost-efficient and complex aircraft in increasingly shorter time. Meanwhile they face their own challenges, such as certification and global competition. Quick evaluation of promising new technologies and concepts facilitates a short time to market. However, the required innovations are costly and risky, and require involvement of many experts from different disciplines and partners. Increasing the level of collaboration within the aircraft industry and its supply chain will be an essential step forward to deal with the challenges. Developing modern aircraft in an increasingly cost and time efficient manner in a collaborative set-up however requires step changes. The EU-funded Horizon2020 project AGILE has developed methods and tools for efficient and cross-organisation collaborative aircraft design, facilitating the rapid evaluation of new technologies and concepts at the early stages of aircraft development. This paper describes the capabilities and illustrates the successful integrated application of the capabilities by means of a collaborative aircraft rudder design evaluation.
7
Kernstine, Kemp, Bryan Boling, Latessa Bortner, Eric Hendricks, and Dimitri Mavris. "Designing for a Green Future: A Unified Aircraft Design Methodology." Journal of Aircraft 47, no. 5 (September 2010): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c000239.
8
Fera, Marcello, Raffaele Abbate, Mario Caterino, Pasquale Manco, Roberto Macchiaroli, and Marta Rinaldi. "Economic and Environmental Sustainability for Aircrafts Service Life." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 10120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310120.
Abstract:
Aircrafts are responsible for a significant environmental impact mainly due to the air pollution caused by their motors. The use of composite materials for their production is a way to significantly reduce the weight of the structures and to maximise the ratio between the payload weight and the gasoline consumption. Moreover, the design phase has to consider the cost of different operations performed during the aircraft service life. During the entire life cycle, one of the main costs is the maintenance one. In the current literature, there is a lack of knowledge of methods for maintenance cost estimation in the aircraft industry; moreover, very few environmental assessment methods have been developed. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define a new method to support the aircraft design process; both the environmental and the economic dimensions have been included with the purpose of assessing the aircraft sustainability during its service life. A green index has been identified mixing the maintenance cost and an environmental parameter with the aim of identifying the greenest solution. A final practical application shows the feasibility and the simple application of the proposed approach.
9
Ouyang, Zeyu, Theoklis Nikolaidis, and Soheil Jafari. "Integrated Power and Thermal Management Systems for Civil Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Future Opportunities." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2024): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093689.
Abstract:
Projects related to green aviation designed to achieve fuel savings and emission reductions are increasingly being established in response to growing concerns over climate change. Within the aviation industry, there is a growing trend towards the electrification of aircraft, with more-electric aircraft (MEA) and all-electric aircraft (AEA) being proposed. However, increasing electrification causes challenges with conventional thermal management system (TMS) and power management system (PMS) designs in aircraft. As a result, the integrated power and thermal management system (IPTMS) has been developed for energy-optimised aircraft projects. This review paper aims to review recent IPTMS progress and explore potential design solutions for civil aircraft. Firstly, the paper reviews the IPTMS in electrified propulsion aircraft (EPA), presenting the architectures and challenges of the propulsion systems, the TMS cooling strategies, and the power management optimisation. Then, several research topics in IPTMS are reviewed in detail: architecture design, power management optimisation, modelling, and analysis method development. Through the review of state-of-the-art IPTMS research, the challenges and future opportunities and requirements of IPTMS design are discussed. Based on the discussions, two potential solutions for IPTMS to address the challenges of civil EPA are proposed, including the combination of architecture design and power management optimisation and the combination of modelling and analysis methods.
10
Wang, Yu, Wenyuan Ma, and Zhaolin Chen. "Sensitivity Analysis for Design Parameters of Electric Tilt-Rotor Aircraft." Aerospace 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2024): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040322.
Abstract:
In recent years, there has been rapid development in electric aircraft, particularly electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, as part of efforts to promote green aviation. During the conceptual design stage, it is crucial to select appropriate values for key parameters and conduct sensitivity analysis on these parameters. This study focuses on an electric tilt-rotor aircraft and proposes a performance analysis method for electric aircraft while developing a general design tool specifically for this type of aircraft. Subsequently, the impact of wing incidence angle, sweep angle, span, propeller solidity, battery-specific energy, and battery mass on range, maximum takeoff weight, and hover power are analyzed. The results show that the battery mass, wingspan, and wingtip chord length have great effects on the maximum takeoff weight; among these, battery mass had the greatest influence. In terms of range, the battery energy density has a great positive effect on range, while the increase in wing angle of incidence, wingtip chord length and battery mass have some negative effects on range.
11
L, Ponyaev. "Optimal Design of Green Tech Hybrid Electric Integrated Aircraft and Solar Disk Airships for Short Arctic Air Transport Corridors." Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR 2, no. 6 (November 16, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1036.
Abstract:
The Ecology Decarburization issues decision may focus priority to the complex Design Analysis of the more Optimal Structure of the Large E-Aircraft and E-Airship for decrease of the Weight and Engine Power with Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) systems are very actually today for Worldwide Ecology Program. The Method of Aircraft layout from the virtual mass center is given, which allows us to obtain the Aircraft layout from the conditions of Infrastructural Constraints in the terminal configurations of the Modern Air Transportation Infrastructure and IATA/ICAO Regulation. Calculate Method is proposed for the synthesis of new circuit solutions for an Aircraft passenger compartment and may be use to any Solar E-Dirigibles Projections future. A Geometrical representation of the concept of LHA with large passenger capacity made with a Drop-Shaped Fuselage in the Aerodynamic balancing Flying Wing Body Scheme is given. The new Body Plane E-Aircraft and Lighter-then-Air (LTA) Vehicles with cover of Solar Film Component Systems will be more innovation projections for High Safety Green Tech Air Transportation.
12
Liu, Dianzi, Chuanwei Zhang, Z. Wan, and Z. Du. "Topology optimization of a novel fuselage structure in the conceptual design phase." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 9 (November 14, 2018): 1385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2017-0100.
Abstract:
Purpose In recent years, innovative aircraft designs have been investigated by researchers to address the environmental and economic issues for the purpose of green aviation. To keep air transport competitive and safe, it is necessary to maximize design efficiencies of the aircrafts in terms of weight and cost. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the research which has led to the development of a novel lattice fuselage design of a forward-swept wing aircraft in the conceptual phase by topology optimization technique. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the fuselage structure is modelled with two different types of elements – 1D beam and 2D shell – for the validation purpose. Then, the finite element analysis coupled with topology optimization is performed to determine the structural layouts indicating the efficient distributed reinforcements. Following that, the optimal fuselage designs are obtained by comparison of the results of 1D and 2D models. Findings The topological results reveal the need for horizontal stiffeners to be concentrated near the upper and lower extremities of the fuselage cross section and a lattice pattern of criss-cross stiffeners should be well-placed along the sides of the fuselage and near the regions of window locations. The slight influence of windows on the optimal reinforcement layout is observed. To form clear criss-cross stiffeners, modelling the fuselage with 1D beam elements is suggested, whereas the less computational time is required for the optimization of the fuselage modelled using 2D shell elements. Originality/value The authors propose a novel lattice fuselage design in use of topology optimization technique as a powerful design tool. Two types of structural elements are examined to obtain the clear reinforcement detailing, which is also in agreement with the design of the DLR (German Aerospace Center) demonstrator. The optimal lattice layout of the stiffeners is distinctive to the conventional semi-monocoque fuselage design and this definitely provides valuable insights into the more efficient utilization of composite materials for novel aircraft designs.
13
Pinto Leite, José Pedro Soares, and Mark Voskuijl. "Optimal energy management for hybrid-electric aircraft." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 6 (May 4, 2020): 851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2019-0046.
Abstract:
Purpose In recent years, increased awareness on global warming effects led to a renewed interest in all kinds of green technologies. Among them, some attention has been devoted to hybrid-electric aircraft – aircraft where the propulsion system contains power systems driven by electricity and power systems driven by hydrocarbon-based fuel. Examples of these systems include electric motors and gas turbines, respectively. Despite the fact that several research groups have tried to design such aircraft, in a way, it can actually save fuel with respect to conventional designs, the results hardly approach the required fuel savings to justify a new design. One possible path to improve these designs is to optimize the onboard energy management, in other words, when to use fuel and when to use stored electricity during a mission. The purpose of this paper is to address the topic of energy management applied to hybrid-electric aircraft, including its relevance for the conceptual design of aircraft and present a practical example of optimal energy management. Design/methodology/approach To address this problem the dynamic programming (DP) method for optimal control problems was used and, together with an aircraft performance model, an optimal energy management was obtained for a given aircraft flying a given trajectory. Findings The results show how the energy onboard a hybrid fuel-battery aircraft can be optimally managed during the mission. The optimal results were compared with non-optimal result, and small differences were found. A large sensitivity of the results to the battery charging efficiency was also found. Originality/value The novelty of this work comes from the application of DP for energy management to a variable weight system which includes energy recovery via a propeller.
14
Karpuk, Stanislav, Yiyuan Ma, and Ali Elham. "Design Investigation of Potential Long-Range Hydrogen Combustion Blended Wing Body Aircraft with Future Technologies." Aerospace 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060566.
Abstract:
Present work investigates the potential of a long-range commercial blended wing body configuration powered by hydrogen combustion engines with future airframe and propulsion technologies. Future technologies include advanced materials, load alleviation techniques, boundary layer ingestion, and ultra-high bypass ratio engines. The hydrogen combustion configuration was compared to the configuration powered by kerosene with respect to geometric properties, performance characteristics, energy demand, equivalent CO2 emissions, and Direct Operating Costs. In addition, technology sensitivity studies were performed to assess the potential influence of each technology on the configuration. A multi-fidelity sizing methodology using low- and mid-fidelity methods for rapid configuration sizing was created to assess the configuration and perform robust analyses and multi-disciplinary optimizations. To assess potential uncertainties of the fidelity of aerodynamic analysis tools, high-fidelity aerodynamic analysis and optimization framework MACH-Aero was used for additional verification. Comparison of hydrogen and kerosene blended wing body aircraft showed a potential reduction of equivalent CO2 emission by 15% and 81% for blue and green hydrogen compared to the kerosene blended wing body and by 44% and 88% with respect to a conventional B777-300ER aircraft. Advancements in future technologies also significantly affect the geometric layout of aircraft. Boundary layer ingestion and ultra-high bypass ratio engines demonstrated the highest potential for fuel reduction, although both technologies conflict with each other. However, operating costs of hydrogen aircraft could establish a significant problem if pessimistic and base hydrogen price scenarios are achieved for blue and green hydrogen respectively. Finally, configurational problems featured by classical blended wing body aircraft are magnified for the hydrogen case due to the significant volume requirements to store hydrogen fuel.
15
Langelaan, Jack W., Anjan Chakrabarty, Aijun Deng, Kirk Miles, Vid Plevnik, Jure Tomazic, Tine Tomazic, and Gregor Veble. "Green Flight Challenge: Aircraft Design and Flight Planning for Extreme Fuel Efficiency." Journal of Aircraft 50, no. 3 (May 2013): 832–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c032022.
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Mangold, Jonas, Daniel Silberhorn, Nicolas Moebs, Niclas Dzikus, Julian Hoelzen, Thomas Zill, and Andreas Strohmayer. "Refueling of LH2 Aircraft—Assessment of Turnaround Procedures and Aircraft Design Implication." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072475.
Abstract:
Green liquid hydrogen (LH2) could play an essential role as a zero-carbon aircraft fuel to reach long-term sustainable aviation. Excluding challenges such as electrolysis, transportation and use of renewable energy in setting up hydrogen (H2) fuel infrastructure, this paper investigates the interface between refueling systems and aircraft, and the impacts on fuel distribution at the airport. Furthermore, it provides an overview of key technology design decisions for LH2 refueling procedures and their effects on the turnaround times as well as on aircraft design. Based on a comparison to Jet A-1 refueling, new LH2 refueling procedures are described and evaluated. Process steps under consideration are connecting/disconnecting, purging, chill-down, and refueling. The actual refueling flow of LH2 is limited to a simplified Reynolds term of v · d = 2.35 m2/s. A mass flow rate of 20 kg/s is reached with an inner hose diameter of 152.4 mm. The previous and subsequent processes (without refueling) require 9 min with purging and 6 min without purging. For the assessment of impacts on LH2 aircraft operation, process changes on the level of ground support equipment are compared to current procedures with Jet A-1. The technical challenges at the airport for refueling trucks as well as pipeline systems and dispensers are presented. In addition to the technological solutions, explosion protection as applicable safety regulations are analyzed, and the overall refueling process is validated. The thermodynamic properties of LH2 as a real, compressible fluid are considered to derive implications for airport-side infrastructure. The advantages and disadvantages of a subcooled liquid are evaluated, and cost impacts are elaborated. Behind the airport storage tank, LH2 must be cooled to at least 19K to prevent two-phase phenomena and a mass flow reduction during distribution. Implications on LH2 aircraft design are investigated by understanding the thermodynamic properties, including calculation methods for the aircraft tank volume, and problems such as cavitation and two-phase flows. In conclusion, the work presented shows that LH2 refueling procedure is feasible, compliant with the applicable explosion protection standards and hence does not impact the turnaround procedure. A turnaround time comparison shows that refueling with LH2 in most cases takes less time than with Jet A-1. The turnaround at the airport can be performed by a fuel truck or a pipeline dispenser system without generating direct losses, i.e., venting to the atmosphere.
17
Piancastelli, Luca, Merve Sali, and Christian Leon-Cardenas. "Basic Considerations and Conceptual Design of a VSTOL Vehicle for Urban Transportation." Drones 6, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6050102.
Abstract:
On-demand air transport is an air-taxi service concept that should ideally use small, autonomous, Vertical Short Takeoff and Landing (VSTOL), “green”, battery-powered electric aircraft (eVSTOL). In addition, these aircraft should be competitive with modern helicopters, which are exceptionally reliable machines capable of the same task. For certification and economic purposes, mobile tilting parts should be avoided. The concept introduced in this paper simplifies the aircraft and makes it economical to build, certify and maintain. Four contrarotating propellers with eight electric motors are installed. During cruise, only two of the eight rotors available are not feathered and active. In the first step, a commercial, certified, jet-fueled APU and an available back-up battery are used. A second solution uses a CNG APU and the same back-up battery. Finally, the third solution has a high-density dual battery that is currently not available. A conceptual design is shown in this paper.
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Eissele, Jona, Stefan Lafer, Cristian Mejía Burbano, Julian Schließus, Tristan Wiedmann, Jonas Mangold, and Andreas Strohmayer. "Hydrogen-Powered Aviation—Design of a Hybrid-Electric Regional Aircraft for Entry into Service in 2040." Aerospace 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030277.
Abstract:
Over the past few years, the rapid growth of air traffic and the associated increase in emissions have created a need for sustainable aviation. Motivated by these challenges, this paper explores how a 50-passenger regional aircraft can be hybridized to fly with the lowest possible emissions in 2040. In particular, the use of liquid hydrogen in this aircraft is an innovative power source that promises to reduce CO2 and NOx emissions to zero. Combined with a fuel-cell system, the energy obtained from the liquid hydrogen can be used efficiently. To realize a feasible concept in the near future considering the aspects of performance and security, the system must be hybridized. In terms of maximized aircraft sustainability, this paper analyses the flight phases and ground phases, resulting in an aircraft design with a significant reduction in operating costs. Promising technologies, such as a wingtip propeller and electric green taxiing, are discussed in this paper, and their potential impacts on the future of aviation are highlighted. In essence, the hybridization of regional aircraft is promising and feasible by 2040; however, more research is needed in the areas of fuel-cell technology, thermal management and hydrogen production and storage.
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Guła, Paweł, Dawid Ulma, Krzysztof Żurek, and Rafał Żurawski. "Challenges of turboprop engine installation on small aircraft." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 938–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2017-0198.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the challenges of turbine engine installation on small aircraft. The work was a part of the European Union project Efficient Systems and Propulsion for Small Aircraft, FP7 EU – Activity, 7.1.4. improving cost efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Few of the most interesting issues associated with replacing a piston engine with a turboprop engine were chosen: changes in engine bay cooling, air inlet, exhaust system, nacellès weight and parts reduction, flight tests and performance. The publication presents an approach to: design, assemble and test the small aircraft with a turboprop engine. Findings Replacement of piston engine by turbine was carried out. The full program of ground and flight test small aircraft has been successfully completed. Pros and cons of the new design are described in the paper. Practical implications Currently, aviation gasoline (AVGAS ) is increasingly being replaced by JET-A1 (kerosene-type fuels) or diesel fuel. The change concerns engine replacement and all the necessary additional components on the aircraft. This is consistent with the new directions of development of aviation: clean, green and eco design. Replacing the piston engine with a turbine allows improvement to performance and reduces operation cost. Originality/value The achieved results allow for identifying and highlighting new directions of aviation technology development. A significant added value is to draw attention to the necessity of preparing for future requirements and amendments in regulations for the new class of aircraft: general aviation SET(L) – single engine turboprop.
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Frota, J. "NACRE novel aircraft concepts." Aeronautical Journal 114, no. 1156 (June 2010): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003869.
Abstract:
Abstract Commercial transport aircraft developed today are defined to balance all requirements foreseen for the short or medium term. Best engineering knowledge as much as minimum business risks consistently lead to the so-called ‘classic’ aircraft configuration. This balanced approach is efficient but can also inhibit innovative practices. Ensuring a sustainable growth in the aviation sector may require radical changes in the way we design and operate aircraft. Started in April 2005, NACRE is a four-year European research and technology integrated project, partly funded by the European Community under the Sixth Framework Programme, which aims at integrating and validating technologies that will enable the potential of new aircraft concepts to be assessed. In order to explore the most relevant capabilities and meet the widest range of challenges, the NACRE R&T project has identified a set of concepts tailored to address specific subsets of design drivers: • The Pro-Green aircraft concepts putting a major emphasis on the reduction of environmental impact of air travel; • The Passenger-driven Aircraft concepts aiming at optimised payload and appreciable quality of future aircraft for the end users; • The Simple Flying Bus, which puts the biggest emphasis on low manufacturing costs and minimum cost of ownership. Irrespective of what final future product configurations might ever look like, the NACRE aircraft concepts act as basic vectors, encompassing all the expected capability developments. The general project objectives are thus to use these concepts in order to: • Explore alternative routes for the major aircraft components (fuselage, wing, engine integration) better suited to their specific targets and which would have been rejected in a balanced approach; • Provide better answers to the full range of requirements by developing and, in some cases, validating the associated envelope of innovative component designs and associated technologies. NACRE is by essence a focused multidisciplinary approach. It does not concentrate on one specific aircraft concept, but it is aimed at developing solutions at a generic aircraft component level, which will enable the results to be applicable for a range of new aircraft concepts. For each of the major aircraft components, the multidisciplinary investigations will require an exploration of the different associated aspects of aerodynamics, materials, structure, engines and systems with the goal of setting the standards in future aircraft design, thus ensuring improved quality and affordability, whilst meeting the strengthening environmental constraints (emissions and noise), with a vision towards improving significantly the global efficiency of the air transport system.
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Vivalda, Pietro, and Marco Fioriti. "Stream Life Cycle Assessment Model for Aircraft Preliminary Design." Aerospace 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11020113.
Abstract:
The growing environmental public awareness and the consequential pressure on every industrial field has made environmental impact assessment increasingly important in the last few years. In this scope, the most established tool used in the specialized literature is the life cycle assessment. Applying this method to the life cycle of an aircraft requires it to be broken down into at least four phases: production, operation, maintenance and disposal. In the assessment, the evaluation of the environmental impact of fuel consumption can be performed linearly and has already been studied over many years, while calculating the impact of other life phases is more complicated, and it is still under study. This paper describes a simple and effective method developed to assess the environmental impact of an aircraft at a preliminary design stage and the implemented model that resulted from it. A detailed consideration of all life cycle phases is essential to serve as a reference for the ecological assessment of novel aircraft concepts. Thereby, the developed method is based on some parametric equations that take into account preliminary information, such as the mass breakdown, the technology used and some program considerations. The results obtained have been compared with those of the literature for verification and validation and have proved to be quite reliable. In fact, the comparison with known analyses, conducted on individual aircraft in a very precise manner, has showed that the proposed model is capable of giving results that fell within ±10% of the reference values. This is due to the broad generality of the model, which does not require a large number of specific data as a starting point to obtain reasonably reliable results for use during project development. In the near future, the use of this model can assist the design of aircraft architectures that comply with the European Green Deal of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and of having no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050.
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De Gaspari, Alessandro. "Multiobjective Optimization for the Aero-Structural Design of Adaptive Compliant Wing Devices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 6380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186380.
Abstract:
The design of morphing structures must combine conflicting structural requirements and multiple load conditions that are related to the aerodynamic shapes aimed at optimizing aircraft performance. This article proposes a multilevel approach for the design of adaptive compliant wing devices. A set of aerodynamic shapes, and associated their loads, is defined by a shape optimization, coupled with a three-dimensional parametric technique, that can identify only feasible shape changes due to the morphing. A topology and sizing multiobjective optimization drives the Pareto-optimal structural design of the compliant structure, which is able to deform itself to match, once actuated, all of the previously defined aerodynamic shapes. Next two design levels produce a more detailed solution which is extended until the definition of the complete device. A 90 pax, twin prop green regional aircraft is used as an innovative aircraft demonstration platform for the design of the morphing droop nose to be installed on the wing. The results show the structural capabilities of this device in terms of the external shape quality and the strain requirements. This work enables the validation of the design method and prove the functionality of compliant structures when accounting for the aeroelastic effects due to the interaction with the wing-box.
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Ye, Mian, Jinchen Zhao, Quanli Guan, and Xuejun Zhang. "Research on eVTOL Air Route Network Planning Based on Improved A* Algorithm." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 9, 2024): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020561.
Abstract:
With the continuous opening of low-altitude airspace and the development of aircraft such as electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles, urban air traffic has become a sustainable and green development direction for future transportation. Air route networks, as a mainstream design scheme for air traffic, are able to provide prerequisites for eVTOL and other green aircraft to enter urban airspace for safe operation, among which air route planning is a fundamental component of air route network design. Currently, most of the research on aircraft path planning is performed in free airspace, lacking the analysis and processing for the complex operation environment, which has led to the high risk and large operation cost of path planning results, failing to meet the demand for safe and efficient development in the future. Aiming at the above problems, eVTOL-oriented air route planning research was carried out. Firstly, the urban low-altitude airspace structure was planned, and the operational levels of eVTOL were clarified; this was followed by introducing the urban dynamic air–ground risk factors and constructing a dynamic risk assessment model containing risk level information; finally, the improved A* algorithm based on the risk cost was employed to plan the eVTOL air route network, which finally realized the purpose of short path length and low total risk. The simulation results showed that the route generated by the improved A* algorithm could reduce the risk cost by at least 30% with a relatively small path cost, which ensured the operation efficiency and safety of eVTOLs and laid the foundation for the further sustainable and green development of urban airspace in the future.
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Hardesty, Michael, Sara Tucker, Sunil Baidar, and Mark Beubien. "Airborne tests of an OAWL Doppler lidar: Results and potential for space deployment." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817602004.
Abstract:
The 532 nm Green Optical Covariance Wind Lidar (GrOAWL) was flown on a NASA WB-57 research aircraft during the summer of 2016 to validate the instrument design and evaluate wind measurement capability and sensitivity. Comparisons with dropsondes and atmospheric models showed good agreement, demonstrating that a GrOAWL type instrument could provide high-value wind measurements from both airborne and space-based platforms
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Schettini, F., E. Denti, and G. Di Rito. "Development of a simulation platform of all-electric aircraft on-board systems for energy management studies." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1239 (March 30, 2017): 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.16.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the development of a simulation platform for the dynamic analysis of systems characterised by different physical domains. The research has been carried out in the context of the EC-funded Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative (Green Regional Aircraft/All-Electric Aircraft domain). In particular, the objective of the research is focused on the on-board systems of new All-Electric Aircraft, where a crucial design point is related to the electrical energy management. In the “all-electric” concept, where pneumatic and hydraulic power systems are eliminated to improve aviation costs and environmental impact, the dynamics of electrical power absorptions is to be characterised and managed to avoid excessive peaks with respect to generators capabilities. The paper describes the architecture of a Matlab/Simulink simulation platform developed in order to design and validate of the electrical energy management logics, which lead up to 32% reduction of the maximum power request for the case study considered. Thanks to an approach based on a mixing of co-simulation and S-function compiling, the platform integrates models coming from different environments (AMESim, Dymola/Modelica), and developed by various partners/specialists.
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Dimino, Ignazio, Federico Gallorini, Massimiliano Palmieri, and Giulio Pispola. "Electromechanical Actuation for Morphing Winglets." Actuators 8, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8020042.
Abstract:
As a key enabler for future aviation technology, the use of servo electromechanical actuation offers new opportunities to transition innovative structural concepts, such as biomimicry morphing structures, from basic research to new commercial aircraft applications. In this paper, the authors address actuator integration aspects of a wing shape-changing flight surface capable of adaptively enhancing aircraft aerodynamic performance and reducing critical wing structural loads. The research was collocated within the Clean Sky 2 Regional Aircraft Demonstration Platform (IADP) and aimed at developing an adaptive winglet concept for green regional aircraft. Finite Element-based tools were employed for the structural design of the adaptive device characterized by two independent movable tabs completely integrated with a linear direct-drive actuation. The structural design process was addressed in compliance with the airworthiness needs posed by the implementation of regional airplanes. Such a load control system requires very demanding actuation performance and sufficient operational reliability to operate on the applicable flight load envelope. These requirements were met by a very compact direct-drive actuator design in which the ball recirculation device was integrated within the screw shaft. Focus was also given to the power-off electric brake necessary to block the structure in a certain position and dynamically brake the moveable surface to follow a certain command position during operation. Both the winglet layout static and dynamic robustness were verified by means of linear stress computations at the most critical conditions and normal mode analyses, respectively, with and without including the integrated actuator system.
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Kiran, Abhishek, Bahareh Zaghari, Timoleon Kipouros, and Ricardo Jose Nunes Dos Reis. "Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering for the Integration of Electric Engines in Electrified Aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012025.
Abstract:
Abstract The objective of green, carbon-neutral flights is propelling the innovation of newer propulsion systems. With this increased development of an interdisciplinary form of propulsion for aircraft, the integration burdens and efforts intensify. In literature, it is estimated that it takes 10-15 years to design and develop an aircraft. The expected date of entry for any hybrid electric aircraft is 2035-2040. Any innovation and effort to cut this time by any degree should be explored and analysed. One of the techniques that have the potential to help fast-track the research and development of interdisciplinary systems is Model-based System Engineering (MBSE). Various studies have shown the benefit of employing a model-based design strategy. The focus case study relates to the integration of the electric machine and the propeller, along with related sub-systems. For Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP), the electric machine and propeller need to be integrated and their interaction to be analysed. MBSE is proposed as a methodology that would help streamline the process of design and integration of the two systems. This study documents the exploration of connecting MBSE with current simulation and modelling of sub-systems in order to ensure the fulfilment of stakeholder needs and full system effectiveness. This paper establishes the research problem, and the approach to be pursued, and gives notice of first developments and expected follow-up work.
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ANDREI, Irina-Carmen, Gabriela-Liliana STROE, Sorin BERBENTE, Gina Florica STOICA, Nicoleta CRISAN, Delia PRISECARU, Anca GRECULESCU, et al. "Applications of design and reverse engineering for the development of digital and smart tools for composite additive manufacturing." INCAS BULLETIN 15, no. 4 (December 2, 2023): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2023.15.4.2.
Abstract:
This paper presents a study dedicated to the development of Digital and Smart Tools, based on solved applications of design engineering and reverse engineering. This approach is justified by the fact as well as the need for preparations prior to Composite Additive Manufacturing. Future integration of Digital Smart Tools with Composite Additive Manufacturing will significantly contribute to the efficient and effective support of the green economy, the active, responsible, safe and resilient protection of environment, life and climate. The research involved in this paper contributes to develop Digital and Smart Tools Applications, intended for integrated digital design, development, manufacturing and further predictive maintenance and services, based on robotic systems, extended automatic control, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, including Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations for Performance Prediction at Design Regime and Off-Design Regimes for jet engines, with the best capabilities to generate and integrate improvements, optimizations and potential innovative solutions. This paper presents significant applications of design, concept engineering development and reverse engineering design, as: 1/ the design of a transonic axial compressor rotor blade, 2/ the design of a swept axial compressor rotor, 3/ concept design engineering developments in case of a swept fan rotor blade, 4/ concept design developments and reverse engineering in case of a HP axial compressor rotor blade, part of Spey 512-14 DW turbofan engine, 5/ reverse engineering design of a Cessna 182 Skylane N223IF light aircraft wheel cover. In line with Europe´s vision for sustainable aviation, this research study and INCAS´ TGA Project "Technological Development Platform for "Green" Technologies in Aviation and Ecological Manufacturing with Superior Added Value; TGA - Technologies for Green Aviation" will significantly contribute to the Green Deal, as a production center using "Green" Technologies in aviation and ecological manufacturing, as well as collaborative developer of Digital and Smart Tools for Composite Additive Manufacturing.
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Mantzaroudis, Vasileios K., and Efstathios E. Theotokoglou. "Computational Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tanks for Aircraft Applications." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062245.
Abstract:
During the last two decades, the use of hydrogen (H2) as fuel for aircraft applications has been drawing attention; more specifically, its storage in liquid state (LH2), which is performed in extreme cryogenic temperatures (−253 °C), is a matter of research. The motivation for this effort is enhanced by the predicted growth of the aviation sector; however, it is estimated that this growth could be sustainable only if the strategies and objectives set by global organizations for the elimination of greenhouse gas emissions during the next decades, such as the European Green Deal, are taken into consideration and, consequently, technologies such as hydrogen fuel are promoted. Regarding LH2 in aircraft, substantial effort is required to design, analyze and manufacture suitable tanks for efficient storage. Important tools in this process are computational methods provided by advanced engineering software (CAD/CAE). In the present work, a computational study with the finite element method is performed in order to parametrically analyze proper tanks, examining the effect of the LH2 level stored as well as the tank geometric configuration. In the process, the need for powerful numerical models is demonstrated, owing to the highly non-linear dependence on temperature of the involved materials. The present numerical models’ efficiency could be further enhanced by integrating them as part of a total aircraft configuration design loop.
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Ahrenhold, Nils, Izabela Stasicka, Rabeb Abdellaoui, Thorsten Mühlhausen, and Marco-Michael Temme. "Enabling Green Approaches by FMS-AMAN Coordination." Aerospace 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030278.
Abstract:
Growing political pressure and widespread social concerns about climate change are triggering a paradigm shift in the aviation sector. Projects with the target of reducing aviation’s CO2 emissions and their impact on climate change are being launched to improve currently used procedures. In this paper, a new coordination process between aircraft flight management systems (FMSs) and an arrival manager (AMAN) was investigated to enable fuel-efficient and more sustainable approaches. This coordination posed two major challenges. Firstly, current capacity-centred AMANs’ planning processes are not optimised towards fuel-efficient trajectories. To investigate the benefit of negotiated trajectories with fixed target times for waypoints and thresholds, the terminal manoeuvring area was redesigned for an independent parallel runway system. Secondly, the FMS-AMAN negotiation process plan the trajectories based on time, whereas air traffic controllers guide traffic based on distance. Three tactical assisting tools were implemented in an air traffic controller’s working position to enable a smooth transition from distance-based to time-based coordination and guidance. The whole concept was implemented and tested in real-time human-in-the-loop studies at DLR’s Air Traffic Validation Center. Results showed that the new airspace design and concept was feasible, and a reduction in flown distance was measured.
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Wei, Wei, and Yang Zhan. "Green Product Module Partition Method Based on Improved Multi-objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." MATEC Web of Conferences 301 (2019): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930100021.
Abstract:
Modular design is an important design method in the mass customization for manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to meet diverse market demands while reducing the impact of products on the ecological environment. Firstly, aiming at the product life cycle process, this paper summarizes the problems encountered in each stage of the product, and introduces five green product module partition principles. Then, through the component correlation matrix, the resource greenness objective function based on the whole life cycle and the polymerization degree objective function based on the component correlation matrix are established respectively by the axiomatic design theory which makes the product mapping from functional domain to structural domain. Next, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed. Based on the artificial bee colony algorithm, the algorithm applies congestion strategy and fast nondominated sorting strategy to solve the module partition problem of product platform with multi-objective optimization, and a uniformly distributed pare to solution set is generated. Through above steps, the optimization results of module partition are obtained. Finally, an application example of aircraft tail horizontal stabilizer parts is given, and the advantages of the algorithm are proved by comparing with other algorithms.
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Silberhorn, Daniel, Katrin Dahlmann, Alexander Görtz, Florian Linke, Jan Zanger, Bastian Rauch, Torsten Methling, Corina Janzer, and Johannes Hartmann. "Climate Impact Reduction Potentials of Synthetic Kerosene and Green Hydrogen Powered Mid-Range Aircraft Concepts." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 5950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125950.
Abstract:
One of aviation’s major challenges for the upcoming decades is the reduction in its climate impact. As synthetic kerosene and green hydrogen are two promising candidates, their potentials in decreasing the climate impact is investigated for the mid-range segment. Evolutionary advancements for 2040 are applied, first with an conventional and second with an advanced low-NOx and low-soot combustion chamber. Experts and methods from all relevant disciplines are involved, starting from combustion, turbofan engine, overall aircraft design, fleet level, and climate impact assessment, allowing a sophisticated and holistic evaluation. The main takeaway is that both energy carriers have the potential to strongly reduce the fleet level climate impact by more than 75% compared with the reference. Applying a flight-level constraint of 290 and a cruise Mach number of 0.75, causing 5% higher average Direct Operating Costs (DOC), the reduction is even more than 85%. The main levers to achieve this are the advanced combustion chamber, an efficient contrail avoidance strategy, in this case a pure flight-level constraint, and the use of CO2 neutral energy carrier, in a descending priority order. Although vehicle efficiency gains only lead to rather low impact reduction, they are very important to compensate the increased costs of synthetic fuels or green hydrogen.
33
Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.
Abstract:
Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
34
Garg, Navneet, Hasan Kazmee, Lia Ricalde, and Timothy Parsons. "Rutting Evaluation of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt Concrete under High Aircraft Tire Pressure and Temperature at National Airport Pavement and Materials Research Center." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 23 (September 1, 2018): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794293.
Abstract:
The aircraft industry’s propensity to increase the range of aircraft results in increased gross weight and tire pressure. Therefore, performance assessment of airfield asphalt concrete mixes under such high tire pressure and extreme environmental exposure becomes imperative for sustainable design implementation. Moreover, a lack of scientific information on the field performance has been a major roadblock in the adoption of green technologies like warm mix asphalt (WMA). An accelerated pavement testing study was undertaken at the Federal Aviation Administration’s National Airport Pavement and Materials Research Center to evaluate the rutting performance of hot and warm asphalt mixes at two different binder grades. Six test lanes were constructed – four outdoors and two indoors, each encompassing three different test sections. The constructed test sections were subjected to different combinations of tire pressure, temperature, and environmental exposure using a custom-designed airport heavy vehicle simulator. Both field performance and laboratory characterization tests indicated that WMA exhibited comparable performance to hot mix asphalt. Environmental aging was found to be conducive to the curing and enhanced rutting performance of polymer-modified WMA.
35
Zhou, Jin, Xiasheng Sun, Qixing Sun, Jingfeng Xue, Kunling Song, Yao Li, and Lijun Dong. "Design and Validation of the Trailing Edge of a Variable Camber Wing Based on a Two-Dimensional Airfoil." Biomimetics 9, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9060312.
Abstract:
Variable camber wing technology stands out as the most promising morphing technology currently available in green aviation. Despite the ongoing advancements in smart materials and compliant structures, they still fall short in terms of driving force, power, and speed, rendering mechanical structures based on kinematics the preferred choice for large long-range civilian aircraft. In line with this principle, this paper introduces a linkage-based variable camber trailing edge design approach. Covering coordinated design, internal skeleton design, flexible skin design, and drive structure design, the method leverages a two-dimensional supercritical airfoil to craft a seamless, continuous two-dimensional wing full-size variable camber trailing edge structure, boasting a 2.7 m span and 4.3 m chord. Given the significant changes in aerodynamic load direction, ground tests under cruise load utilize a tracking-loading system based on tape and lever. Results indicate that the designed single-degree-of-freedom Watt I mechanism and Stephenson III drive mechanism adeptly accommodate the slender trailing edge of the supercritical airfoil. Under a maximum cruise vertical aerodynamic load of 17,072 N, the structure meets strength requirements when deflected to 5°. The research in this paper can provide some insights into the engineering design of variable camber wings.
36
Roehrich, Jens K., Stefan U. Hoejmose, and Victoria Overland. "Driving green supply chain management performance through supplier selection and value internalisation." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-09-2015-0566.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply self-determination theory (SDT) to green supply chain management (GSCM) and explore how green supplier selection (GSS) drives GSCM performance and how realisation of improved GSCM performance is contingent upon SDT mechanisms of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on 18 semi-structured interviews and secondary data from a Germany-based first-tier aircraft interior manufacturer and its six key suppliers. The focal company was selected because it is recognised as having achieved high GSCM standards in the aerospace industry. Findings The study draws out the importance of GSS, distinguishing between new and legacy suppliers, and offers significant insights into how suppliers’ motivation and downstream GSCM criteria can be internalised in second-tier suppliers to drive GSCM performance. Practical implications GSS should be considered not only for new suppliers but also at an ongoing basis for legacy suppliers. Focal companies must realise the importance of motivating supply chain partners to realise GSCM practices and need to first build-up autonomy before focussing on competence and relatedness sub-dimensions. Originality/value The authors make a significant contribution to the GSCM literature by conducting a study of first-tier-second-tier relationships, thus moving beyond the buyer-supplier relationships investigated in extant studies. The results theoretically and empirically draw out key factors in GSS and supplier motivation in engaging with GSCM practices, thus driving GSCM performance.
37
Williams, Victoria. "The engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1861 (September 13, 2007): 3047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.0012.
Abstract:
Aviation is a growing contributor to climate change, with unique impacts due to the altitude of emissions. If existing traffic growth rates continue, radical engineering solutions will be required to prevent aviation becoming one of the dominant contributors to climate change. This paper reviews the engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation using aircraft and airspace technologies. These options include not only improvements in fuel efficiency, which would reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, but also measures to reduce non-CO 2 impacts including the formation of persistent contrails. Integrated solutions to optimize environmental performance will require changes to airframes, engines, avionics, air traffic control systems and airspace design. While market-based measures, such as offset schemes and emissions trading, receive growing attention, this paper sets out the crucial role of engineering in the challenge to develop a ‘green air traffic system’.
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Mozgeris, Gintautas, Vytautė Juodkienė, Donatas Jonikavičius, Lina Straigytė, Sébastien Gadal, and Walid Ouerghemmi. "Ultra-Light Aircraft-Based Hyperspectral and Colour-Infrared Imaging to Identify Deciduous Tree Species in an Urban Environment." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101668.
Abstract:
One may consider the application of remote sensing as a trade-off between the imaging platforms, sensors, and data gathering and processing techniques. This study addresses the potential of hyperspectral imaging using ultra-light aircraft for vegetation species mapping in an urban environment, exploring both the engineering and scientific aspects related to imaging platform design and image classification methods. An imaging system based on simultaneous use of Rikola frame format hyperspectral and Nikon D800E adopted colour infrared cameras installed onboard a Bekas X32 manned ultra-light aircraft is introduced. Two test imaging flight missions were conducted in July of 2015 and September of 2016 over a 4000 ha area in Kaunas City, Lithuania. Sixteen and 64 spectral bands in 2015 and 2016, respectively, in a spectral range of 500–900 nm were recorded with colour infrared images. Three research questions were explored assessing the identification of six deciduous tree species: (1) Pre-treatment of spectral features for classification, (2) testing five conventional machine learning classifiers, and (3) fusion of hyperspectral and colour infrared images. Classification performance was assessed by applying leave-one-out cross-validation at the individual crown level and using as a reference at least 100 field inventoried trees for each species. The best-performing classification algorithm—multilayer perceptron, using all spectral properties extracted from the hyperspectral images—resulted in a moderate classification accuracy. The overall classification accuracy was 63%, Cohen’s Kappa was 0.54, and the species-specific classification accuracies were in the range of 51–72%. Hyperspectral images resulted in significantly better tree species classification ability than the colour infrared images and simultaneous use of spectral properties extracted from hyperspectral and colour infrared images improved slightly the accuracy over the 2015 image. Even though classifications using hyperspectral data cubes of 64 bands resulted in relatively larger accuracies than with 16 bands, classification error matrices were not statistically different. Alternative imaging platforms (like an unmanned aerial vehicle and a Cessna 172 aircraft) and settings of the flights were discussed using simulated imaging projects assuming the same study area and field of application. Ultra-light aircraft-based hyperspectral and colour-infrared imaging was considered to be a technically and economically sound solution for urban green space inventories to facilitate tree mapping, characterization, and monitoring.
39
Agarwal, A., S. Dinakar, NK Tripathy, V. Sharma, S. Joshi, and SD Lagisetti. "Colour vision standards: Past, present, and future." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 64 (December 14, 2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_44_2020.
Abstract:
Historically, signal lights (red-green-amber) were used in shipping, rail, and road transportation. This colour schema continued in the aviation industry too. However, automation has taken over aviation sector with electronic maps and colour-coded multifunction displays. Despite sweeping changes seen in the use of colour coding in aviation, there is little change in colour vision standards and in the way colour vision testing is done for the aircrew, military and civil. The changing needs of aviation dictate that renewing the standards is necessary. Furthermore, the new standards will dictate aircraft design, and hence, it is mandatory that they remain current for the next 50 years or so. It becomes necessary to understand the role colour vision plays in the modern cockpit and suggest the colour vision standards accordingly. In the same breath, it is important to understand the evolution of colour vision testing and colour theories, so as to develop or adopt a more suitable test for the changing aviation scenario.
40
Cozzolino, Aniello, Gianvito Apuleo, and Paolo D’Alesio. "Technology readiness assessment and performance forecast on a 19 seats E-STOL EIS 2032." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012016.
Abstract:
Abstract The European Flightpath 2050 connectivity goal, to enable European people to reach any desired destination, door to door, in 4 hours, increases the interest in Small Air Transportation (SAT), to enhance global connectivity. The connectivity goal should come alongside with environmental target: FlightPath 2050 aims to reduce by 75% C02 emissions and by 90% NOx emissions. Within the EU Clean Sky 2 framework, a future affordable and green commuter belonging to EASA CS 23 has been designed, collecting all the novel technologies developed in the CleanSky 2 frame [1]. This work presents a further step on the 19-seater development: a technology readiness and assessment to electrify the short take-off and landing (STOL) aircraft is presented, considering the expected entry into service (EIS) in 2032, rationalizing the design choices considered as most suitable to obtain a hybrid electric E-STOL and the consequent gains in terms of emission reduction on a typical mission range.
41
Huang, Xing, Lei Li, Jingsheng Zhang, Dengfeng Yin, Xinjian Hu, and Peibing Du. "An Aero-Engine Damage Detection Method with Low-Energy Consumption Based on Multi-Layer Contrastive Learning." Electronics 11, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132093.
Abstract:
The health of aero-engines is pivotal to the safe operation of aircraft. With increasing service time, the internal components of the engine will be damaged by threats from different sources, so it is necessary to regularly detect the damage inside the engine. At present, most of the detection methods of major airlines rely on the internal images of the engine obtained by manual use of a borescope to detect damage or traditional machine learning methods, which consume high levels of human and computational resources but have low efficiency. Artificial intelligence in various fields can achieve better performance than traditional methods, but to achieve the industrialization standard of Green AI, we need further research. Accordingly, we introduce a multi-layer contrastive learning method to a lightweight target detection model design, which is applied to real aero-engine borescope images of complex components to accomplish real-time damage detection. We intensively conduct comparative experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. The verification results demonstrate that the method can help our model perform excellently compared with other available baseline models.
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Arini, Tiara, Agung Kumoro Wahyuwibowo, and Tri Yuni Iswati. "ARSITEKTUR BERKELANJUTAN PADA SEKOLAH TINGGI ASTRONOMI DAN KEDIRGANTARAAN DI YOGYAKARTA." Arsitektura 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2017): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.12178.
Abstract:
<p class="AbstractTitle"><em>Abstract: </em><em>Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena that include observation and explanation, occurs outside Earth and its atmosphere. Location of Indonesia which is at the equator enables the constellations in north sky and south sky can be observed very well. In Asia Pacific, astronomy in Indonesia is also growing and interested by many researchers from abroad. Astronomy also has relationship with aerospace engineering. Aerospace engineering studies about aircraft design. PT Dirgantara Indonesia is also the first and only one aircraft company in Southeast Asia. However, there are obstacles in these potentials, as in Indonesia, astronomy formal education is only at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). Besides, facilities and infrastructures to study astronomy are still concentrated in Java. Yogyakarta is known as “Kota Pelajar” where the dynamics of education and tourism are strong enough to make it possible to deliver a High School of Astronomy and Aerospace, precisely in Gunungkidul Regency. Gunungkidul have ecological conditions that are still green and far away from the word "metropolitan" so as can be a place to facilitate astronomical observation. From this location, Sustainable Architecture becomes an approach that combines the aspects of efficiency, conservation, and durability that can be applied to the building and the environment. The efficiency is applied in energy use, particularly in the use of sun light and wind direction, as well as the efficiency of land use, so that not all of the site is covered by buildings that can provide green open space. On the conservation aspect is closely linked to sustainable development, especially in the use of natural resources. Conservation will keep the natural resources remain on a sustainable point. Durability is the resistance of a building and environment. In this case, how to make the building can last a long time because of the threat around the environment is minimized. It begins from site planning, the use of land that is not harmful to the building and surrounding communities.</em></p><p class="Abstract"><em> </em></p><p class="Abstract"><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> aerospace, astronomy, education, </em>Gunungkidul<em>, high school, sustainable architecture.</em><em></em></p>
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Silva, Matheus T., Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Alexandre L. Correia, Diego A. Gouveia, and Henrique M. J. Barbosa. "On the Sensitivity of a Ground-Based Tropospheric Lidar to Aitken Mode Particles in the Upper Troposphere." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194913.
Abstract:
Airborne observations have shown high concentrations of ultrafine aerosols in the Amazon upper troposphere (UT), which are key for replenishing the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with cloud condensation nuclei that sustain the “green ocean” clouds. Given their climatic relevance, long-term observations are needed, but aircraft measurements are only available in short-term campaigns. Alternatively, continuous observations of the aerosol vertical structure could be performed by a lidar (acronym for “light detection and ranging”) system in long-term campaigns. Here we assess whether a ground-based tropospheric lidar system could detect these ultrafine UT aerosols. To this aim, we simulated the lidar signal of a real instrument and then varied the instrument’s efficiency and the UT-particle concentration to determine under which conditions the detection is possible. Optical properties were computed with a Mie code based on the size distributions and numerical concentration profiles measured by the aircraft, and on the refractive indexes inverted from AERONET measurements. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was retrieved by inverting the elastic lidar signal, and a statistical test was applied to evaluate the detection of the UT-aerosol layer. Our results indicate that, for the instrument we simulated, a 55-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is required for a 100% detection rate. This could be achieved by simultaneously time averaging over 30 min and spatially averaging to vertical bin lengths of 375 m, or by modifying the hardware. We repeated the analysis for under- and overestimated aerosol lidar ratio (Laer), and found that possible systematic errors did not affect the detection rate. Further studies are necessary to assess whether such long-time averages are feasible in the Amazon region (given the very high cloud cover), and to design a hardware upgrade. Although simulations and analyses here were based on a particular instrument and for the presence of new organic particles in the Amazonian upper troposphere, our methodology and results are general and applicable to other instruments and sites.
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Fonseca Amorim, Gabriela, Pedro Paulo Balestrassi, Rapinder Sawhney, Mariângela de Oliveira-Abans, and Diogo Leonardo Ferreira da Silva. "Six Sigma learning evaluation model using Bloom’s Taxonomy." International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-01-2017-0006.
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to propose a learning evaluation model for Green Belts and Black Belts at the training level. A question bank has been developed on the basis of Bloom’s learning classification and applied to a group of employees who were being trained in Six Sigma (SS). Their results were then used to decide on the students’ approval and to guide the instructor’s plan of teaching for the next classes. Design/methodology/approach An action research has been conducted to develop a question bank of 310 questions based on the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, to implement the evaluation model, and to apply it during the SS training. Findings The evaluation model has been designed so that the students do not proceed unless they have acquired the conceptual knowledge at each step of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) roadmap. At the end of the evaluation process, the students’ results have been analyzed. The number of mistakes in all stages of DMAIC was equal, implying that the training was uniform the entire roadmap. However, the opposite happened in each of the Bloom’s Taxonomy levels, showing that some skills need to be better stimulated by the instructor than others. Research limitations/implications The learning evaluation model proposed in this paper has been applied to a group of 70 employees who were being trained in SS at a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer. The data have been analyzed using Microsoft Excel® and Minitab® 17 Statistical Software. Originality/value Despite the abundance of courses offering the SS Green Belt and Black Belt certifications, there is no standard evaluation to ensure the training quality. Thus, this paper proposes an innovative learning evaluation model.
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Marques, Matheus Gregorio, João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha, and Ernane Miranda Lemes. "Dicamba Injury on Soybean Assessed Visually and with Spectral Vegetation Index." AgriEngineering 3, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3020016.
Abstract:
The recent availability of soybean cultivars with resistance to dicamba herbicide has increased the risk of injury in susceptible cultivars, mainly as a result of particle drift. To predict and identify the damage caused by this herbicide requires great accuracy. The objective of this work was to evaluate the injury caused by the simulated drift of dicamba on soybean (nonresistant to dicamba) plants assessed visually and using the Triangular Greenness Index (TGI) from images obtained from Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications during the 2019/2020 growing season, and the treatments consisted of the application of six doses of dicamba (0, 0.28, 0.56, 5.6, 28, and 112 g acid equivalent dicamba ha−1) on soybean plants at the third node growth stage. For the evaluation of treatments using the TGI technique, spectral data acquired through a Red Green Blue (RGB) sensor attached to an RPA was used. The variables studied were the visual estimation of injury, TGI response at 7 and 21 days after application, plant height, and crop yield. The exposure to the herbicide caused a reduction in plant height and crop yield. Vegetation indices, such as TGI, have the potential to be used in the evaluation of injury caused by dicamba, and may be used to cover large areas in a less subjective way than visual assessments.
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Arena, Maurizio, Francesco Amoroso, Rosario Pecora, and Salvatore Ameduri. "Electro-Actuation System Strategy for a Morphing Flap." Aerospace 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6010001.
Abstract:
Within the framework of the Clean Sky-JTI (Joint Technology Initiative) project, the design and technological demonstration of a novel wing flap architecture were addressed. Research activities were carried out to substantiate the feasibility of morphing concepts enabling flap camber variation in compliance with the demanding safety requirements applicable to the next generation green regional aircraft. The driving motivation for the investigation on such a technology was found in the opportunity to replace a conventional double slotted flap with a single slotted camber-morphing flap assuring similar high lift performances—in terms of maximum attainable lift coefficient and stall angle—while lowering emitted noise and system complexity. The actuation and control logics aimed at preserving prescribed geometries of the device under variable load conditions are numerically and experimentally investigated with reference to an ‘iron-bird’ demonstrator. The actuation concept is based on load-bearing actuators acting on morphing ribs, directly and individually. The adopted un-shafted distributed electromechanical system arrangement uses brushless actuators, each rated for the torque of a single adaptive rib of the morphing structure. An encoder-based distributed sensor system generates the information for appropriate control-loop and, at the same time, monitors possible failures in the actuation mechanism. Further activities were then discussed in order to increase the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) of the validated architecture.
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Gallo, Raimondo, Gianluca Ristorto, Alex Bojeri, Nadia Zorzi, Gabriele Daglio, Monica Fernanda Rinaldi, Giuliano Sauli, and Fabrizio Mazzetto. "Assessment of riparian environments through semi-automated procedures for the computation of eco-morphological indicators: Preliminary results of the WEQUAL project." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 70, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2019-0012.
Abstract:
Summary The aim of WEQUAL project (WEb service centre for QUALity multidimensional design and tele-operated monitoring of Green Infrastructures) is the development of a system that is able to support a quick environmental monitoring of riparian areas subjected to the realization of new green infrastructures (GI). The Wequal’s idea is to organize a service center able to manage both the Web Platform and the whole data collection and analysis processes. Through a personal account, the final user (designer, technician, researcher) can get access to the service and requires the evaluation of alternatives GI projects. On the Web Platform, a set of algorithms runs in order to calculate, through automatic procedures, all the ecological criteria required to evaluate a quality environmental index that describes the eco-morphological value of the monitored riparian areas. For this aim, the WEQUI index was developed, which uses 15 indicators that are easy to monitor. In this paper, the approach for environmental data collection and the procedures to perform the automatic assessment of two of the ecological criteria are described. For the computation, the implemented algorithms use data including the vegetation indexes, Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM) and a 3D point cloud classification. All the raw data are collected by UAVs (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) equipped with a 3D Lidar, multispectral camera and RGB camera. Interpreting all the raw data collected by these sensors, using a multi-attribute approach, the WEQUI index is assessed. The computed ecological index is then used to assess the riparian environmental quality at ex-ante and ex-post river stabilization works. This index, integrated with additional not-technical or not-ecological indicators such as investment required, maintenance costs or social acceptance, can be used in multicriteria analyses in order to evaluate the intervention from a wider point of view. The platform is expected to be attractive for GI designers and policy makers by providing a shared environment, which is able to integrate the method of detection and evaluation of complex indexes and a multidimensional evaluation supported by an expert guide.
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Bürger, Stefan, Carsten Cremers, and Niels Urban. "Design and Construction of a LT-PEM Fuel Cell System for Aviation Application." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 38 (December 22, 2023): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02381857mtgabs.
Abstract:
Fuel cell technology has gained considerable attention as an alternative power source for mobility applications. Fuel cell systems are already integrated in ground applications like trucks, cars, and busses. One reason is, that they have the potential to provide an environmentally friendly power supply solution compared to traditional combustion engines. Moreover, fuel cell drive trains offer several potential benefits, such as improved energy efficiency, noise reduction and no local emissions and even zero CO2 emission if they are fueled with green hydrogen. On the other hand, there are several key challenges associated with the integration of fuel cell technology into mobility applications, such as safety, durability, weight, and cost. These challenges become even more difficult when flight applications are considered, due to the higher . We present our research of a fuel cell system design, which is constructed to power a one seat airplane, the Antares E2. This system will utilize compressed Hydrogen as fuel to power up to six electronic motors via an electric bus. The airplane needs 90 kW of power mainly for its electric propulsion and can be operated up to a ceiling altitude of 6500 m (21,300 ft). For redundancy and safety, it is necessary to split the power output to at least two systems. Therefore, each system must have a power output of 45 kW. The fuel cell system's design takes various factors into account, such as lightweight and compact components as well as safety analysis to ensure the operation in flight. To reach aviation standards a full FMEA analysis is conducted, to calculate the risks of operating the systems on an airplane. The goal is to have a fuel cell system which is eligible for operating an aircraft. We want to present first results of our research, consisting of first design to ground operation and include some simulations for flight conditions. A successful development and certification of this fuel cell system would represent a significant milestone in the pursuit of sustainable aviation technologies, since it would be one of the first system which features approved airworthiness. This technology has the potential to reduce emissions and noise pollution associated with traditional combustion engines. Further research and development efforts are required to optimize the performance and reduce the cost of this fuel cell system. This work is funded by the Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) in the project “H2GA” under the grant 03B10707. The authors declare that the opinions expressed in this submission are their own and are based on a thorough review of existing scientific literature.
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Pimiä, Anne, Anniina Urponen, and Annaleena Kolehmainen. "Green Horizons Ahead: Navigating Carbon Neutrality in European Transportation by Sky and Sea." Economics and Culture 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2024-0011.
Abstract:
Abstract Research purpose. As carbon neutrality gains momentum, industries worldwide are navigating the challenges and opportunities posed by sustainability goals. This article delves into the strategies undertaken by airlines and maritime companies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in the European Union (EU). The aim of the research is to explore how the aviation and maritime industries in Europe can effectively transition towards carbon neutrality by 2050, considering their similar technological challenges and opportunities. The objective of this research was to identify and compare currently utilized sustainability initiatives in aviation and maritime companies. The focus is on new insight from airline and maritime companies concentrating on their sustainability practices. Common hurdles, innovative solutions, and shared opportunities in the pursuit of environmental sustainability are explored. Design / Methodology / Approach. The selected research method was qualitative research, which was conducted with in-depth and semi-structured interviews and content analysis. Interviews were conducted with airline company and association representatives and maritime company, research, and education experts. The content analysis was based on sustainability reports and sustainability sections of annual reports. Key findings were synthesized into a theoretical framework and this research explores practical initiatives for a sustainable transformation process. Findings. The call to reduce carbon emissions has been initiated by the EU affecting the transportation sector, particularly aviation and maritime industries where the path to achieving carbon neutrality is constrained by significant technical limitations. Despite these challenges, both sectors share a unified objective according to EU climate targets. Both the aviation and maritime industries face challenges on the path to carbon neutrality. Airlines struggle with the limitations of current aviation technology, hindering the feasibility of large-scale technological advancements. Similarly, maritime companies confront regulatory complexities and infrastructure limitations in the adoption of alternative fuels and emission-reduction technologies since the commonly used tactics of reducing fuel consumption by optimizing speed, routes and scheduling are no longer adequate ways and the energy needs of the shipping industry cannot be met only with battery technology. Originality / Value / Practical implications. These challenges offer opportunities for innovation and collaboration. Investments in research and development are driving advancements in electric and hydrogen aircraft, while the maritime industry is also trying to find hydrogen-based solutions for greener development, but the technologies are not widely available. This leads towards combining bio-oils and technological innovations related to the fleet. Case study 1 sheds light on airline sustainability in Europe, revealing strategies and initiatives that European airlines are currently utilizing in their sustainable transformation journey. Case study 2 explores different means of achieving carbon neutrality in the maritime industry, in particular the potential of common reed (Phragmites australis) as a carbon offset tool for reaching net zero. Both industries are making significant strides towards carbon neutrality through a combination of technological innovation, operational efficiencies, and strategic partnerships. Towards green horizons as transport industries converge on the path to carbon neutrality.
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Дунмей, Люй, and В. О. Герасименко. "RESEARCH ON 3D MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY BASED ON MACHINE VISION." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes, no. 4 (54) (December 27, 2023): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/msnau.2023.4.1.
Abstract:
Measurement is an important means for humans to understand and transform the world, and it is the technological foundation for breaking through the forefront of science and solving major problems in economic and social development. The three-dimensional measurement system serves primary national needs, leads national economic development, and ensures national defense security. With the arrival of a new industrial revolution, major industrial countries worldwide have begun to accelerate the strategic deployment of intelligent manufacturing. As an essential component of the construction of smart factories and lighthouse factories, the 3D measurement system will play a vital role in deepening the implementation of the manufacturing power strategy and promoting the high-end, intelligent, and green manufacturing process. In recent years, optical 3D measurement technology represented by surface structured light has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in multiple material processing fields such as forging, casting, and sheet metal. To analyze the manufacturing accuracy of complex parts using surface structured light 3D measurement technology, it is necessary to first scan and reconstruct the overall 3D surface of the part. The reconstructed 3D point cloud data of the part surface should be roughly and precisely matched with the design model. Finally, based on this, data comparison and accuracy analysis should be carried out according to the actual detection requirements of different types of parts. In this process, the accuracy of 3D reconstruction of complex parts and the alignment accuracy between the reconstruction results and the design model directly determine the reliability and accuracy of the final part manufacturing and machining accuracy analysis. This article uses cases to illustrate the application of machine vision in 3D online measurement. The application of three-dimensional measurement technology in online quality inspection and grinding of blades can not only improve the measurement accuracy of online quality inspection of blades but also maintain the relative stability of robot grinding force and improve the grinding effect in robot grinding of aircraft engine blades. Applied to online quality inspection of train wheel hubs, three-dimensional measurement of train wheel adapters and high-speed train wheel size online inspection has been achieved.