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Journal articles on the topic 'Greek Dark Ages'
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Vidal-Cordasco, M., and A. Nuevo-López. "Resilience and vulnerability to climate change in the Greek Dark Ages." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 61 (March 2021): 101239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101239.
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SARIBAŞ, Serap. "EGYPTIAN WISDOM AND GREEK TRANSMISSION FROM The DARK AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE." International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 7, no. 56 (January 1, 2020): 2107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.1995.
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Kazlauskas, Raimondas. "The Genealogy of the Political. The Age of Heroes and the Revolt of Youth." Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 44, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 7–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2019.1.8.
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The article discusses the genesis of the political by treating this phenomena as a distinctive interaction between political and religious factors. The aim is to carry out the reconstruction of the premises of the political of ancient Greeks, by distinguishing its particular historic development features, exclusively characteristic for the Ancient Greece context. The rites of passage of Greek social communities are analyzed in order to understand why its youth initiation structure, formed during the Greek Dark Ages, became the basic model for Western Civilisation. The role of youth groups, the phenomena of Greek heroes, the educational structure of the young soldier class (ephebeia), and the first ever political revolution, initiated by Lycurgus, are examined by reconstructing the genealogy of the political.
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Foxhall, Lin. "Bronze to iron: agricultural systems and political structures in late bronze age and early iron age Greece." Annual of the British School at Athens 90 (November 1995): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824540001618x.
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This paper surveys farming practices and their associated administrative structures in Mycenaean Greece, and outlines the kinds of changes which might have occurred in regional farming systems during the dark ages. It is postulated that the underlying subsistence basis of Greek agriculture remained substantially the same, although the structural position of élites in regional agrarian economies (as well as the constitution of élite groups) may have changed considerably. The type and degree of changes that occurred during the dark ages in any particular region seem to correlate with their earlier relationships to Mycenaean palace centres.
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Drake, Brandon L. "The influence of climatic change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages." Journal of Archaeological Science 39, no. 6 (June 2012): 1862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.029.
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Whitley, James. "Social Diversity in Dark Age Greece." Annual of the British School at Athens 86 (November 1991): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400014994.
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This paper attempts to provide new insights into the nature of Greek society in the Dark Ages (1100–700 B.C.). It re-examines the relationship between the archaeological evidence and the institutions and practices described in the Homeric poems. The archaeological evidence indicates that there were marked regional differences in settlement pattern, burial customs and pottery traditions. This must, it is argued, reflect profound regional differences in social organisation. Ethnographic analogies are used to make sense of some of these regional patterns. Two of the larger and more stable communities in Dark Age Greece, Athens and Knossos, are subjected to detailed scrutiny. A close contextual analysis of the relationship between pot style and mortuary representations in these two sites reveal two patterns which are divergent rather than convergent. In Athens burial customs and later pot style appear to be part of an age and sex linked symbolic system. In Knossos however, there is no clear patterning, either in pot style or mortuary representations. Instead there is a continuum of variation. Such fundamental differences cannot be accomodated within the concept of a uniform ‘Homeric Society’. It is suggested here that the institutions and practices described in Homer only operated at an inter-regional level.
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Daoud, Ramy, Sherif Atallah, and Nasser Loza. "Psychiatric services in Egypt – an update." International Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (October 2003): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600006469.
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For over a thousand years, the Hippocratic system of medicine prevailed in Europe. It went into oblivion during the Dark Ages, when there was a reversion to the demoniacal theories of mental illness. Hippocrates’ works survived, however, in the library at Alexandria, where they were translated into Arabic. These and other classical works were retranslated into Latin and Greek from the 12th century on, ushering in the Renaissance.
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Donnellan, Lieve. "‘Greek colonisation’ and Mediterranean networks: patterns of mobility and interaction at Pithekoussai." Journal of Greek Archaeology 1 (January 1, 2016): 109–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v1i.646.
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Pithekoussai, present-day Ischia, a small island in the Bay of Naples had completely escaped the attention of Antiquarians and government functionaries—some more, some less diligently excavating the many rich archaeological sites around Naples and the Vesuvius since the 17th century—until native resident and archaeologist Giorgio Buchner uncovered the first tombs, shortly after WW II, and with it, opened a previously neglected chapter in Greek history, that of ‘Euboean colonisation’. Since the discovery of Pithekoussai, scholarly attention for Greek, especially Euboean ‘colonisation’ has skyrocketed, and the Euboeans have been hailed as the first Greek prospectors, pioneers, the openers of the Mediterranean after the Dark Ages and the creators of the pivotal Greek institution of oversees colonisation—an institution which would transform the Greek world thoroughly. The increased attention for the Euboean colonisation movement helped define Greek colonial studies as a separate subject of study, after pioneering work by scholars such as that of Jean Bérard and Tom Dunbabin, who collected literary evidence and confronted it with the, at that time, scarcely known archaeological remains. Pithekoussai, however, has uninterruptedly been at the heart of studies and debates on ancient Greek ‘colonisation’.
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Coulson, William D. E. "The ‘Protogeometric’ from Polis Reconsidered." Annual of the British School at Athens 86 (November 1991): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824540001488x.
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Between 1930 and 1932, Sylvia Benton conducted excavations in a cave situated on the northwest side of the Bay of Polis in northern Ithaca. Her work was important because of the finds which indicated an almost continuous history of the Cave's use from the Early Bronze Age to Hellenistic times. Reconsideration and reclassification of that pottery which Benton called Protogeometric does indeed indicate a continuity of use from LH IIIC throughout the Dark Ages to at least MG II, that is from the late Twelfth to early Eighth Centuries B.C. Refinements to the classification and chronology of this unbroken sequence of ceramic material can be made on the basis of comparison with stratified deposits from other sites, especially in Messenia. In sum, comparative material from surrounding regions, especially Achaea, Aetolia, and elsewhere on Ithaca, suggests that the island in the Dark Ages belonged to a west Greek koiné with a shared ceramic tradition.
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Joksimović, Milena. "Rediscovering the Greeks." Tabula, no. 17 (November 16, 2020): 169–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.17.2020.6.
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The article explores the impact of Byzantines on Istrian Humanism and Renaissance. In the introduction author describes the alienation of the territories which used to be Eastern and Western part of the Roman Empire and, congruently, the fate of the classical (particularly Greek) heritage in the Dark and Middle Ages in those territories. This is followed by a description of the historical events that led to rapprochement of the East and West, with particular emphasis on the Byzantine exodus to Italy. The author then provides a methodological framework by analyzing the main aspects of „rediscovering” Greek cultural heritage and the influence of the Byzantine immigrants on them. The author than turns to Istria, providing, first, a short summary of Istrian contacts with the Greek cultural heritage throughout history and then the settlement of the Byzantines in Istria. The main part of the article follows, containing a detailed analysis of the described elements of „rediscovering” Greek cultural heritage – interest in Greek language, literature, culture and philosophy (particularly Neoplatonism), in translations, the editing and publishing of Greek classics, as well as in the presence of the idea of a common European identity based on a common ancient heritage, and the voices advocating for the formation of a united Christian European front against the Ottomans.
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Kuzenkov, Pavel. "Reception of Crimea in Byzantine Sources (the Case of Toponymics)." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018482-9.
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The article traces the history of the names of the Crimean peninsula and its main regions in the Greek-language literature of the Byzantine period, from late Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages (4th — 15th centuries). During this thousand-year period, the political and ethnic history of Crimea was characterized by large-scale transformations, accompanied by significant changes in the ethno-population structure of both mountainous and lowland populations. Nevertheless, Byzantine sources demonstrate a persistent desire to archaize and artificially “stabilize” the Crimean realities by describing them within the framework of the classical antique ethnogeographic nomenclature (Taurica, Scythia, etc.). The reflection of the actual linguistic usus in Byzantine time is typical, with rare exceptions, only for written monuments of the so called middle style, and even then mainly during the period of cultural decline of the “dark ages” (8th — 9th centuries).
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O'Gorman, Francis. "MICHAEL FIELD AND SAPPHIC FAME: “MY DARK-LEAVED LAURELS WILL ENDURE”." Victorian Literature and Culture 34, no. 2 (August 25, 2006): 649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150306051369.
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Long Ago(1889), Michael Field's inaugural collection of verse, celebrated Sappho, the ancient poetess of Lesbos. The volume proclaimed the diversity of her sexuality; it saluted verse that was connected to the self; and it urged the authenticity of her creative force in ages beyond her death. Taking surviving fragments of Sapphic writing as embarkation points for new poems in her spirit, Michael Field, the joint pseudonym of the two poets Katherine Bradley (1846–1914) and Edith Cooper (1862–1913), hailed the continuing presence of the Greek in the modern age, drawing the reader back to an imagined version of Sappho's mind and experience, her desires and troubles, of which history held so slight a record. Developing ideas articulated by Robert Browning, particularly in the opening book ofThe Ring and the Book(1868–69),Long Agodiscerned in poetry a way of regenerating the energy – or of creating the illusion of such regeneration – of an almost-lost, but indisputably authentic person from the ancient Mediterranean. The volume privileged a post-Romantic assumption about the signal importance of the self behind writing, the complexities and contradictions of which I explore here, and it understood modern poetry's dealings with a nearly vanished Greece as recuperative of a nearly disappeared artist. As such,Long Agoimplicitly imagined the work of the contemporary poet as, to use Robert Browning's word, a matter of “galvanism” (Browning I.740): the calling back into the present of the lost forms of distant lives.
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GANTAR, Lija. "Ancient Greek Legend in Modern Japanese Literature: “Run, Melos!” by Dazai Osamu." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.2.51-68.
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Dazai Osamu (1909-1948), a modern Japanese writer, wrote “Run, Melos!” in 1940. The short story is a rework of an Ancient Greek legend of Damon and Pythias from the 4th century B.C., which was introduced to Dazai through Schiller’s version of the legend, “The Hostage”. The legend, based on a true event, represents the perfect friendship and was reworked a number of times by different antique writers. After having been forgotten for a while, it reappeared in the Middle Ages as a fictional story and has gotten many new adaptations from then on. One of them was Schiller’s ballad in 1798, which – alongside an anecdote from Dazai’s own life – represented the basis for Dazai’s story. Even though “Run, Melos!” is not an autobiographical work, Dazai managed to pass his own feelings onto the characters, add some biblical elements, and included a never-before-employed dark twist in the story, thus making his version more realistic than the preceding ones. Despite the distance in time and place between him and the legend, with “Run, Melos!”, Dazai managed to retell a Western literature story, making it a part of the Japanese literature as well, adding motifs and themes influenced by his own life, time, and place.
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Song, Sungsoo. "A Brief History of Liberal Education in Ancient and Medieval Europe－Focusing on the Formation and Evolution of Liberal Arts." Korean Association of General Education 16, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2022.16.3.45.
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This paper examined the history of liberal education in ancient and medieval Europe, focusing on the formation and evolution of liberal arts using materials concerning the history of education, history of university, history of philosophy, and history of science. The elementary form of liberal education emerged at Greece in the fourth century BC. The philosophers’ tradition and the orators’ tradition made two approaches to liberal education. Greek scholarship was accepted in the form of encyclopedic publications in the Roman era, and <i>Disciplinarium libri novem</i>, the first work which contained the idea of liberal arts, was written in the first century BC. In the early medieval ages, so called dark ages, secular scholarship maintained its existence through the medium of liberal arts. In the fifth century, liberal arts became actualized into the seven liberal arts through <i>De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii</i>. Since the sixth century, the seven liberal arts were divided into trivium and quadrivium. In the Renaissance of the twelfth century, ancient writings were extensively translated including Aristotelian works, and the attempt to relate Greek philosophies and the seven liberal arts was tried. Circa 1250, some universities were set up in the major cities of Europe, and medieval universities were mostly organized with the faculties of arts, theology, law, and medicine. Since the late thirteenth century, the arts faculty extended the scope of liberal arts by adding three philosophies to the existing seven liberal arts: natural philosophy, metaphysics and ethics. Based on the above examination, this paper showed that the scope of liberal arts was not fixed but continuously changed, and that humanities and science were not separated in ancient and medieval Europe.
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Teguh Hadi Wibowo. "Persinggungan Filsafat dengan Bahasa Arab." KILMATUNA: Journal of Arabic Education 1, no. 02 (October 15, 2021): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55352/pba.v1i02.264.
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This article was a study of the intersection of philosophy with Arabic. Philosophy is essentially an attempt to understand or understand reality in terms of its meanings and values. Reality is something that symbolizes language. Therefore, language is a vital tool in philosophizing, as a tool to communicate the results of thoughts. The intersection of philosophy with Arabic began in the Umayyad period, preceded by a period of conquest when Arabs took over areas previously under Roman rules, such as Egypt and Syria in the 7th century. The intersection of these Greek thoughts with Arabic occurred when the caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan carried out Arabization reforms massively. During the Abbasid dynasty, translation activities dominated. The progress of the translation activity was fully supported by the authorities with the establishment of an institution called Bayt al-h}ikmah. This translation activity was one of the drivers of the rebirth of philosophical studies. We can say that without the contribution of translation in the golden age of Islam, Europe would never have emerged from the dark ages.
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Tanasi, Davide, Ilenia Gradante, and Stephan Hassam. "Best Practices for 3D Digital Recording and Global Sharing of Catacombs from Late Roman Sicily." Studies in Digital Heritage 3, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v3i1.25290.
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During the most recent excavations at the Catacombs of St. Lucy at Siracusa, carried out between 2013 and 2015, an array of 3D technologies were employed to record excavation data and provide new interpretative models for the site. The research focused on some very problematic parts of the Region C of the complex. Thisarea most effectively documents the long life of the Christian hypogeum, which incorporated previous structures and artefacts related to the Greek and Early Roman Imperial periods and continued to beused until the Middle Ages. During the exploration 3D digital techniques were used for the daily recording of the archaeological units, but also to create high-resolution virtual replicas of certain districts of the catacombs. Furthermore, the same techniques were applied to support the study of certain classes of materials, such as frescoes and marble architectural elementsthat couldnot otherwise be studieddue to the dark environment of the catacombs. The virtual archaeology research undertaken at the Catacombs of St. Lucy represents the first systematic application of 3D digital technologies tothe study of such a specialarchaeological context in Sicily, culminating in a work-plan for digital global dissemination.
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Huzain, Muh. "Pengaruh Peradaban Islam Terhadap Dunia Barat." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.77.
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The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the Westcould not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then therise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century.This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among historians about who and when the first contact between Islam and the West took place. The first contact, however, occurred when the areas of East Roman government (Byzantium), Syria (638) and Egypt (640) fell into the hands of the Islamic government during the reign of Caliph 'Umar bin Khaţţāb. The Second contact, at the beginning of the eighth and ninth centuries occurred when the kings of Islam were able to rule Spain (711-1472), Portugal (716-1147), and important Mediterranean islands such as Sardinia (740-1050), Cicilia (827-1091), Malta (870-1090) as well as several small areas in Southern Italy and French Southern France. The third contact, took place in Eastern Europe from the fourteenth to early twentieth century when the Ottoman empire ruled the Balkan peninsula (Eastern Europe) and Southern Russia. The Ottoman empire's powers in Europe covered Yunāni, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, parts of Rhode, Cyprus, Austria and parts of Russia. Of the three periods of contact, the greatest influence was in the second contact period, where the decline of Western science in the dark era, while in the Islamic world developed advanced and produces scientists, thinkers and intellectuals in various sciences. This influence can be seen from the sending of students studying to the university of Islamic area, the establishment of the university, the translation and copying of various scientific literature such as natural science (Science of astronomy, Mathematics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, medicine, architecture etc) and Social Science history, philosophy, politics, economics, earth sciences, sociology, law, culture, language, literature, art, etc.). The Historians recognize that the influence of Islamic civilization is very great on the development of the West, which culminated in the renaissance or rise of Western civilization in Europe after the dark era.
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Huzain, Muh. "PENGARUH PERADABAN ISLAM TERHADAP DUNIA BARAT." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.41.
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The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the West could not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then the rise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century. This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among historians about who and when the first contact between Islam and the West took place. The first contact, however, occurred when the areas of East Roman government (Byzantium), Syria (638) and Egypt (640) fell into the hands of the Islamic government during the reign of Caliph 'Umar bin Khaţţāb. The Second contact, at the beginning of the eighth and ninth centuries occurred when the kings of Islam were able to rule Spain (711-1472), Portugal (716-1147), and important Mediterranean islands such as Sardinia (740-1050), Cicilia (827-1091), Malta (870-1090) as well as several small areas in Southern Italy and French Southern France. The third contact, took place in Eastern Europe from the fourteenth to early twentieth century when the Ottoman empire ruled the Balkan peninsula (Eastern Europe) and Southern Russia. The Ottoman empire's powers in Europe covered Yunāni, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, parts of Rhode, Cyprus, Austria and parts of Russia. Of the three periods of contact, the greatest influence was in the second contact period, where the decline of Western science in the dark era, while in the Islamic world developed advanced and produces scientists, thinkers and intellectuals in various sciences. This influence can be seen from the sending of students studying to the university of Islamic area, the establishment of the university, the translation and copying of various scientific literature such as natural science (Science of astronomy, Mathematics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, medicine, architecture etc) and Social Science history, philosophy, politics, economics, earth sciences, sociology, law, culture, language, literature, art, etc.). The Historians recognize that the influence of Islamic civilization is very great on the development of the West, which culminated in the renaissance or rise of Western civilization in Europe after the dark era.
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Ahmad, Wasim, Khaiser Rabee, and Mohd Zulkifle. "Arab and Muslim contributions to Medicine and Research A Review." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 16, no. 3 (June 9, 2017): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i3.32844.
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The accomplishments in the development of knowledge by medieval Arab civilization have been termed by some scholars as mere translation and preservation of Greek knowledge. It is alleged that the original works of Arab were only the preservations and duplications. They had no curiosity for learning and thus their insights, intuitions and cognition were immature. And it is assumed that investigations and inquiries are the achievement of recent periods. This study intends to investigate the knowledge expansion in the perspective of research in field of medicine by the Arabs. There are many renowned scholars who had made such irresponsible comments regarding Arabian diligence. For instance E.G. Brown comments its long recognized importance, lies not in its originality, but in the fact that in the long interval which separated the decay of Greek learning from the Renaissance, it represented the most faithful tradition of ancient wisdom, and during the dark ages was the principal source from which Europe derived such philosophical and scientific ideas as it possessed. Thus such paradigm statement was largely propagated by the scholars who had limited access to the Arabic literature. In contrast the fact is that initial Arabian contribution in the knowledge was the golden period of Arabs. The investigation based upon the reliable classical and historical literature revealed that the Arabs emphasized on research and rational thinking as their important tools of growth and development in medicine as could be observed in Al-Razi statement any physician who is dependent only on his experimentation and neglect literary knowledge and hypothesis then he may be a failure. Hence, an attempt is made to explore and highlight the Arab endeavors in original medical innovations which made them the sole source of many learning scholars. They had excelled in many innovations like bed side clinics, differential diagnosis between small pox and measles, concepts of mobile clinics, pharmacy, emergency facilities, midwifery, separate pediatrics facilities and advancement in the fields of psychiatry, cardiology, ophthalmology etcBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.339-345
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Prus, Robert. "Encountering Nature, Experiencing Courtly Love, and Romance of the Rose: Generic Standpoints, Interpretive Practices, and Human Interchange in 12th-13th Century French Poetics." Qualitative Sociology Review 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.2.01.
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Whereas the fields of poetic expression and pragmatist philosophy may seem some distance apart, a closer examination of the poetics literature from the early Greeks onward provides testimony to the more general viability of the pragmatist analysis of community life, particularly as this has come to be associated with pragmatism’s sociological derivative, symbolic interaction. Following a brief overview of the Greek, Roman, and Christian roots of contemporary fictional representations, attention is given to the ways that pragmatist concerns with human activity were addressed within the context of poetic expression in 12th-13th century France. Whereas the pre-Renaissance texts considered here exhibit pronounced attentiveness to Christian theology, they also build heavily on Latin sources (especially Virgil and Ovid [see Prus 2013a]). Among the early French poets who address the matters of human knowing and acting in more direct and consequential terms are: Alan de Lille (c. 1120-1203) who wrote The Plaint of Nature and Anticlaudianus; Andreas Capellanus (text, c. 1185) the author of The Art of Courtly Love; and Guillaume de Lorris (c. 1212-1237) and Jean de Meun (c. 1235-1305) who, in sequence, co-authored The Romance of the Rose. Given our interest in the ways in which those in the poetic community helped sustain an analytic focus on human lived experience, particular consideration is given to these early French authors’ attentiveness to (1) the relationships, identities, activities, and tactical engagements that people develop around romantic relationships; (2) the sense-making activities of those about whom they write, as well as their own interpretive practices as authors and analysts; (3) the ways in which the people within the communities that they portray knowingly grapple with religious and secular morality (and deviance); and (4) more generic features of human standpoints and relationships. Clearly, the poets referenced here are not the first to pursue matters of these sorts. However, their materials are important not only for their popular intrigues, creativity, and effectiveness in “moving poetics out of the dark ages” but also for encouraging a broader interest in considerations of the human condition than that defined by philosophy and rhetoric.
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Papamarinopoulos, S. P. "ATLANTIS IN SPAIN II." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11165.
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Plato, who lived in the 4th century B.C., wrote the dialogue Timaeos and Critias when he was 52 years old. In this he describes a catastrophe in Athens from an earthquake in the presence of excessive rain. He also describes several details, not visible in his century, in the Acropolis of Athens. These details are a spring and architectural details of buildings in which the warriors used to live. In Critias he mentions that the destruction of the spring was caused by an earthquake. The time of the catastrophe of Atlantis was not defined by him but it is implied that it occurred after the assault of the Atlantes in the Mediterranean. Archaeological excavations confirmed the existence of the spring which was about 25 m deep with respect to the present day walking level. Archaeologically dated ceramics, found at its bottom, denote the last function of the spring was in very early 12th century B.C. Plato describes the warriors’ settlements which were found outside of the fortification wall in the North East of the Acropolis. The philosopher, who was not a historian, describes a general catastrophe in Greece from which the Greek language survived till his century. Archaeological studies have offered a variety of tablets of Linear B writings which turn out to be the non-alphabetic type of writing of the Greeks up to the 12th century B.C. before the dark ages commence. Modern geoarchaeological and palaeoseismological studies prove that seismic storms occurred in the East Mediterranean between 1225 and 1175 B.C. The result of a fifty-year period of earthquakes was the catastrophe of many late Bronze Age palaces or settlements. For some analysts both Athens and Atlantis presented in Timaeos and Critias are imaginary entities. They maintained that the imaginary conflict between Athens and Atlantis served Plato to produce the first world’s “science fiction” and gave the Athenians an anti-imperialistic lesson through his fabricated myth. However, a part of this “science fiction”, Athens of Critias, is proved a reality of the 12th century B.C., described only by Plato and not by historians, such as Herodotus, Thucydides and others. Analysts of the past have mixed Plato’s fabricated Athens presented in his dialogue Republic with the non-fabricated Athens of his dialogue Critias. This serious error has deflected researchers from their target to interpret Plato’s text efficiently.
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Marini, Richard P. "Do Net Gas Exchange Rates of Green and Red Peach Leaves Differ?" HortScience 21, no. 1 (February 1986): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.1.118.
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Abstract Net gas exchange properties of green and red peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) leaves were studied. Net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were similar for both leaf types. Young leaves (about 60% fully expanded) had greater dark respiration rates than fully expanded leaves. Chlorophyll content was greater for green leaves than for red leaves, but did not change consistently as leaves aged. Red leaves contained more anthocyanin than green leaves. Anthocyanin content was similar for green leaves of different ages, whereas anthocyanin declined in red leaves as they aged.
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Wu, Yu-ting, Wan-hong Du, Ling Shi, Qin Liang, and Xiao-qing Zou. "Vasculoprotective Effects of Water Extracts of Black, Green and Dark Tea in Vitro." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200320.
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To investigate the preventive effects of tea on hyperglycemia and vascular complications of diabetes, we report the extraction and composition as well as the vasculoprotective effects of black tea extract (BTE), green tea extract (GTE), and dark tea extract (DTE). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetric methods were conducted to analyze for tea catechins, caffeine, polyphenols, amino acids and polysaccharides of BTE, GTE and DTE. The inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase, aldose reductase (AR), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and glucose uptake promotion effect in BTE, GTE and DTE were explored in vitro. Contents of six major catechin forms and total catechin as well as polyphenols are higher in GTE and DTE than BTE. BTE, GTE, and DTE showed the inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase, AR, and AGEs, but only DTE exhibited the glucose uptake promotion effect in HepG2 cells. The results suggest that regular consumption of tea can help prevent the progression of hyperglycemia and the vascular complications of diabetes.
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Itoh, Kimihisa, Kazuya Murata, Nao Sakaguchi, Kohei Akai, Tomoka Yamaji, Kohsuke Shimizu, Kaoru Isaki, et al. "Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products Formation by Mangifera indica Leaf Extract." Journal of Plant Studies 6, no. 2 (August 12, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v6n2p102.
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The purpose of this study was to examine an inhibitory effect of mango leaf extracts on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and to identify these active ingredients, and also to investigate a relationship between leaves maturation and the inhibitory activity. A methanolic extract of old dark green mango leaf extract (OML-ext) exhibited an inhibitory activity of AGEs formation in nonenzymatic glycation of albumin. The inhibitory activity of OML-ext was attributable to 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), mangiferin (2) and chlorophyll. Inhibitory effect of young dark reddish brown mango leaf extract (YDL-ext) on AGEs formation was similar to that of OML-ext. The inhibitory activity of YDL-ext was attributable to 1 and 2, in addition, a part of the the activity of YDL-ext due to anthocyanins whose content is highest in young dark reddish brown mango leaves. Considering the amounts of leaves obtained from pruning, old dark green leaves may be a reasonable natural resource for the preparation of ingredients with inhibitory activity of AGEs formation.
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Masters, M., J. Albrecht, and K. Stanek-Krogstrand. "Fruit and Dark-Green Vegetable Availability in Homes of US Youth Aged 6 to 18." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 44, no. 4 (July 2012): S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2012.03.179.
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Troy, Lisa M., and Sarah Witkowski. "COMPONENTS OF A HEALTHFUL DIET ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AMONG PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.214.
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Abstract After menopause, women are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A contributing factor to increased risk may be weight gain, especially visceral adiposity. Diet plays a role in maintaining weight at all ages but less is known about the specific contributions of a healthful dietary pattern after menopause. Therefore, we evaluated associations between diet and WC as a measure of visceral adiposity. We compared 869 pre- (aged 35-45 years) and 353 post-menopausal (aged 40-65 years) women from NHANES III (1988-94). Women were pre-menopausal if they self-reported menses in the past 2 months and postmenopausal if they reported no menses in past 12 months and were aged > 40 years. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women consumed fewer Calories (-200 kcal/d) and had a higher mean waist circumference (+4.43 cm, p=0.007), after adjusting for age, race-ethnicity, height, physical activity, and smoking. Higher intakes of dark green vegetables (p=0.03) and lower intakes of potatoes (p=0.03), refined grains (p=0.001), and meats (p=0.04) were associated with lower WC for all women. Higher intakes of nuts and seeds and fish high in Omega-3 fatty acids were associated with smaller WC while higher intakes of poultry and dairy products were associated with higher WC in post- but not pre-menopausal women. Our findings generally support a diet high in nuts and seeds, dark green vegetables, and fish, and low in potatoes, refined grains, and meats. After menopause it may be important to incorporate fatty fish, nuts and seeds into the diet for lower visceral adiposity.
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Wu, Zhengmei, Jianwen Teng, Li Huang, Ning Xia, and Baoyao Wei. "Stability, antioxidant activity and in vitro bile acid-binding of green, black and dark tea polyphenols during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion." RSC Advances 5, no. 112 (2015): 92089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18784b.
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The stability and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, as well as the bile acid-binding activity of green, black, raw liubao and aged liubao tea duringin vitrogastrointestinal digestion were evaluated.
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Kosenko, I. S., V. M. Hrabovyi, O. A. Opalko, H. I. Muzyka, and A. I. Opalko. "Current trends in Green Urbanism and peculiarities of multifunctional complexes, hotels and offices greening." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_36.
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The analysis of domestic and world publications on the evolution of ornamental garden plants use from the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and ancient Romans to the “dark times” of the middle Ages and the subsequent Renaissance was carried out. It was made in order to understand the current trends of Green Urbanism and in particular regarding the diversity of floral and ornamental arrangements used in the design of modern interiors of public spaces. The aim of the article is to grasp current trends of Green Urbanism regarding the diversity of floral and ornamental arrangements used in the design of modern interiors of public premises. Cross-cultural comparative methods have been used, partially using the hermeneutics of old-printed texts in accordance with the modern system of scientific knowledge. The historical antecedents of ornamental gardening, horticulture, forestry and vegetable growing, new trends in the ornamental plants cultivation, modern aspects of Green Urbanism are discussed. The need for the introduction of indoor plants in the residential and office premises interiors is argued in order to create a favorable atmosphere for work and leisure. The extreme importance of selecting an assortment and developing environmentally friendly ways to increase the resistance of indoor plants against pathogens and pests in conditions of insufficient lighting, humidity, abnormal fluctuations in air temperature, etc. has been revealed. In conclusion, the world experience in the use of ornamental garden plants testifies to the eternal desire of man for unity with nature, which is especially growing in conditions of progressive urbanization. The current global trends of Green Urbanism are of particular importance in Ukraine in terms of the Ukrainian public aspirations to integrate the state into the European community.
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Rush, Elaine, Isaac Amoah, Tung Diep, and Shabnam Jalili-Moghaddam. "Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010113.
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Carotenoids, orange-coloured pigments found in vegetables, fruit, eggs and dairy foods, act as antioxidants and vitamin A precursors in the human body. Skin carotenoid concentration is a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake. The aim was to identify determinants of skin carotenoid concentration by measuring “Veggie Meter™” carotenoid reflection spectroscopy scores (CRS) from the fingertip of adults with a range of ages, ethnicity and body size. Frequencies of daily intake of vegetables and fruit and weekly intake of pumpkin and carrot, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), eggs (yolk), and dairy were determined from a self-completed food-frequency-questionnaire. A total of 571 (324 Women, 247 Men) adults, aged 16 to 85 years, completed measurements. The CRS ranged from 83 to 769, with a median of 327. Women and men did not score differently. For all participants there were negative correlations of CRS with weight (r = −0.312) and BMI (r = −0.338) and positive correlations with weekly intakes of DGLV (r = 0.242) and carrots and pumpkin (r = 0.202). Based on a review of health outcomes associated with plasma carotenoids, 82% of the participants in the current study are at moderate risk, or more, of negative health outcomes. Determinants of carotenoid status were body size, intake of DGLV, carrots and pumpkin, and ethnicity.
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Higuchi, Shigekazu, Yutaka Motohashi, Keita Ishibashi, and Takafumi Maeda. "Influence of eye colors of Caucasians and Asians on suppression of melatonin secretion by light." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 6 (June 2007): R2352—R2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00355.2006.
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This experiment tested effects of human eye pigmentation depending on the ethnicity on suppression of nocturnal melatonin secretion by light. Ten healthy Caucasian males with blue, green, or light brown irises (light-eyed Caucasians) and 11 Asian males with dark brown irises (dark-eyed Asians) volunteered to participate in the study. The mean ages of the light-eyed Caucasians and dark-eyed Asians were 26.4 ± 3.2 and 25.3 ± 5.7 years, respectively. The subjects were exposed to light (1,000 lux) for 2 h at night. The starting time of exposure was set to 2 h before the time of peak salivary melatonin concentration of each subject, which was determined in a preliminary experiment. Salivary melatonin concentration and pupil size were measured before exposure to light and during exposure to light. The percentage of suppression of melatonin secretion by light was calculated. The percentage of suppression of melatonin secretion 2 h after the start of light exposure was significantly larger in light-eyed Caucasians (88.9 ± 4.2%) than in dark-eyed Asians (73.4 ± 20.0%) ( P < 0.01). No significant difference was found between pupil sizes in light-eyed Caucasians and dark-eyed Asians. These results suggest that sensitivity of melatonin to light suppression is influenced by eye pigmentation and/or ethnicity.
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Abdulateef, Salwan, Sufyan M. Farhan, Muthanna M. Awad, Thafer T. Mohammed, Mohammed Q. Al-Ani, and Adel Al-Hamdani. "LBMON172 Impact Of Photoperiodic Green Light During Incubation On Change Hormone In The Embryo Of Chicken." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A470—A471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.978.
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Abstract Background The poultry industry discovered that an increase in light intensity can accelerate embryonic development. In nature, chicken embryos of different ages and species certainly receive some light during incubation, while, in industrial hatcheries, eggs are incubated in darkness for 21 days, so exposing fertile eggs to light can increase the embryo's growth and decrease the incubation period. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exposure of fertile Ross 308 eggs to a photoperiod of green on accelerates embryo development and alters hatch-related hormones (growth hormone, thyroid, and corticosterone). Methods This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the photoperiod of green light from day 1 to day 18 of incubation time, on embryo growth, and hormone concentration (growth hormone, thyroid, and corticosterone). In the Three groups, no light-dark cycle was used in the first group (LD), the second group was used 12-h light, 12-h dark (LDL), and the third group was used 24-h light (LL), the third group. The light was provided by light wavelength green LED light (522 nm) mounted in a frame that was placed above the top tray of eggs to give an even spread of illumination. Eggs (n=300/group) with four replicates (n=25/replicate) from fertile Ross 308 broiler breeders were used in this experiment. Hormones were measured using a kit supplied by the (Sunlong Biotech Co., Ltd) company for all hormones using an ELISA device, samples were taken at the age of 7, 14, and 18 days of hatching using blood drawn from the eggshell using a 1 ml syringe with a 23-gauge needle. Results The results showed a significant improvement (P<0. 01) in the concentration of growth hormone, thyroid, and corticosterone) to the second group was used 12-h light, 12-h dark (LDL), compared to the other of groups. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that green light accelerates embryo development and alters hatch-related hormones (growth hormone, thyroid, and corticosterone). Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
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Itoh, Kimihisa, Tetsuya Matsukawa, Mamoru Okamoto, Kanasa Minami, Norimichi Tomohiro, Kosuke Shimizu, Shin’ichiro Kajiyama, Yuichi Endo, Hideaki Matsuda, and Shigeru Shigeoka. "In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Mangifera indica Leaf Extracts." Journal of Plant Studies 9, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v9n2p39.
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In this study, we aimed to identify the utility of pruned mango (Mangifera indica ‘Irwin’) leaves as a resource for ingredients with antioxidant activity. Firstly, we examined the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from the pericarps, flesh, flowers, barks, seeds, young dark reddish brown leaves (YDL-ext), young yellow leaves (YYL-ext), and pruned old dark green leaves (OML-ext) obtained from ‘Irwin’ mango. Among them, methanolic extract of flower and OML-ext showed the most potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The flesh extract showed weak DPPH radical scavenging activity, but did not show SOD-like activity. Secondly, we investigated the relationship between the maturation of leaves and their antioxidant activity by considering the contents of their two active polyphenolic components, 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1) and mangiferin (2), in addition to chlorophyll (3) and anthocyanins represented by cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (4). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of YDL-ext, YYL-ext and OML-ext were mainly attributable to 1, 2 and 3, whereas their SOD-like activity was partly attributable to 2. The DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of YDL-ext and YYL-ext were attributable to 1 and 2. These activities were also due to anthocyanins whose content is highest in YDL-ext. Considering the amounts of leaves obtained from pruning, old dark green leaves may be a reasonable natural resource for preparing cosmetics and/or supplemental ingredients with health-enhancing properties, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on AGEs formation and pancreatic lipase.
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Muhajirin, Muhammad, and Sugeng Purwanto. "Analisis kemampuan mendribbling bola menggunakan massed and distributed practice pada sepakbola." Sepakbola 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/sepakbola.v1i1.92.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan: (1) perbedaan pengaruh metode massed dan distributed practice (2) perbedaan pengaruh bagi pemain yang memiliki koordinasi mata kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata-kaki rendah (3) interaksi yang signifikan antara metode massed dan distributed practice serta koordinasi mata kaki terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada pemain Green Boys FC Selengen usia 12-17 tahun. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 37 pemain Green Boys FC Selengen usia 12-17 tahun. Instrumen untuk mengukur koordinasi mata-kaki menggu-nakan Mithcel Soccer Test dan untuk mengukur kemampuan menggiring bola menggunakan tes menggiring bola dari Nurhasan (2011). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah ANOVA dua jalur. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode massed dan distributed practice terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada pemain Green Boys FC Selengen usia 12-17 tahun. Metode distributed practice lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode massed practice. (2) Ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan kemampuan koordinasi mata kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata kaki rendah terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola. Pemain dengan kemampuan koordinasi mata-kaki tinggi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pemain dengan kemampuan koordinasi mata-kaki rendah. (3) Ada interaksi yang signifikan antara metode massed dan distributed practice dan koordinasi mata-kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata-kaki rendah terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada pemain Green Boys FC Selengen usia 12-17 tahun. Analysis of the ability to dribble the ball using soccer drills in bulk and distributed Abstract: This research aims to reveal: (1) effect differences between massed and distributed practice method on the ability in dribbling, (2) effect difference among players with high eye-foot coordination and low eye-foot coordination on the ability in dribbling, and (3) the significant interaction between the massed and distributed practice method as well as the eye-foot coordination on the ability in dribbling of the footballers of Green Boys FC Selengen ages 12-17 years. The population was 37 footballers of Green Boys FC Selengen ages 12-17 years. The instruments to measure eye-foot coordination was Mithcel Soccer Test and the test to measure dribbling ability was a test of Nurhasan (2011). The data analysis technique used was the two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. (1) There is a significantly different effect of massed and distributed practice method on the ability in dribbling in the game of football of footballers of Green Boys FC Selengen ages 12-17 years. The distributed practice method is better than massed practice method. (2) There is a significantly different effect of the ability of the eye-foot coordination and low eye-foot coordination on the ability in dribbling in the game of football. The players with the high ability in high eye-foot coordination compared to those with the ability of the low eye-foot coordination. (3) There is a significant interaction between massed and distributed practice method with high eye-foot coordination and low eye-foot coordination on the ability in dribbling in the game of football of the footballers of Green Boys FC Selengen ages 12-17 years.
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WALKER, E. K. "EFFECTS OF ETHEPHON ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO AS INFLUENCED BY RATES OF ETHEPHON AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND SEEDLING AGE AT TRANSPLANTING." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-093.
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Flue-cured tobacco seedlings at three ages were grown with three rates of fertilizer and the upper leaves were sprayed with 0, 50 and 100 mg per plant of ethephon. Ethephon treatment lowered the agronomic indices and produced leaves with a darker base color and less green (or more red) hues than the check treatment. Ethephon use also reduced green grades and increased grey, orange and mahogany grades, although undesirable grey was minimal for 50 mg ethephon per plant. An increase in desirable dark grades (orange and mahogany) was offset, for 100 mg ethephon per plant, by an increase in grey shades. The most consistent effects of seedling age were increased yield and crop returns and decreased lamina weight and grey grades with reduction in age. The most consistent effects of fertilizer regime were increased yield, crop returns and green grades, and decreased lamina weight with added fertilizer. Consideration of treatment effects indicated that rate of ethephon applied only to ripe tip and undertip leaves should be 50 mg per plant (3.2 L per ha) of Ethrel® or less. To minimize undesirable grades, it was found preferable to treat plants seeded during the second week of April, transplanted by June 1st and fertilized in sufficient amount to prevent premature yellowing.Key words: Agronomic indices, color grade, yield, economic return
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Kotsyubynska, Yuliia. "Forecasting assessment of phenotypical features of ethnoteritorial groups of the Prykarpattya." Forensic-medical examination, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2021.8.
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The issue related to the study of anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatoglyphic parameters of the population of Ukraine to create regional gene pools remains relevant, because given the intensification of migration processes both within Ukraine and worldwide. The growing flow of global migration and assimilation creates all the conditions for the disappearance of pure ethnic groups and peoples. This work highlights the prospects for studying the ethnic and regional features of human anthroscopic parameters. The article presents the differential anthroscopic characteristics of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups.
The goal of the work. To form anthroscopic portraits of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups in comparison with the control group of persons.
Materials and methods. The material of the study was anthroscopic parameters of 480 males and females aged 18-59 years, belonging to the Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia and control groups, obtained by questionnaires using standardized methods proposed by Ginsburg BB (1963). The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results. Anthroposcopic portrait of the studied groups: Hutsul ethno-territorial group is characterized by dark skin tone, black straight hair, oval elongated straight face, dark brown or green-brown eyes, long narrow nose; Boyko ethno-territorial group is marked by white skin color, blond straight or wavy hair, round broad face, gray or dark brown eyes, wide straight nose; the Lemko ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin color, light straight or curly hair, oval elongated narrow long face, light brown and blue eyes, narrow straight nose; Opole ethno-territorial group is characterized by white skin color, light blond and dark blond wavy hair, round broad face, dark brown and light brown eyes, straight wide nose; The Pokut ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin, black and dark blond straight hair, an oval elongated narrow face, brown-green eyes, and a long narrow nose.
Conclusion. We were able to apply the obtained results in practice, including in the set of identification features and developing an algorithm for rapid prediction of human outward signs.
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Itoh, Kimihisa, Tetsuya Matsukawa, Kanasa Minami, Mamoru Okamoto, Norimichi Tomohiro, Kosuke Shimizu, Shin’ichiro Kajiyama, Yuichi Endo, Hideaki Matsuda, and Shigeru Shigeoka. "Inhibitory Effect of Several Mangifera indica Cultivar Leaf Extracts on the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)." Journal of Plant Studies 9, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v9n2p33.
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As a part of our ongoing research to find novel functions in mango leaves, we have reported that the methanolic extract of pruned old dark green mango leaf (Mangifera indica ‘Irwin’) exhibited inhibitory effects on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in nonenzymatic glycation of albumin. The purpose of this study was to find other mango cultivars with more potent activity in this regard. We examined the inhibitory effect of seventeen mango (Mangifera indica) cultivar leaf extracts on AGEs formation. We also investigated the relationship between the inhibitory activity of the extracts and the contents of their active components, 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), mangiferin (2) and chlorophyll (3). On the basis of the evaluation of the inhibitory activity of mango cultivar leaf extracts, the HPLC determination of the contents of 1 and 2, and the spectrophotometric determination of 3, it was found that almost all extract showed a significant activity, and the content of 2 and 3 detected in each was similar. In contrast, AGEs formation inhibition tended to be higher as the content of 1 in the leaf extracts increased. This is the first report of phytochemical analysis of compounds 1, 2 and 3 in various cultivars of mango leaf. From the phytochemical point of view, these results suggest that the pruned leaves of any cultivar of Mangifera indica except ‘Chiin Hwang No. 1’ and ‘Kyo Savoy’ may be useful for the preparation of natural ingredients with inhibitory activity of AGEs formation.
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Smirnova, Olga V., Anna P. Geraskina, and Vladimir N. Korotkov. "Tall herb dark coniferous forests as modern refugia of biological diversity of Northern Eurasia (on example of Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve)." BIO Web of Conferences 24 (2020): 00083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202400083.
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Reconstruction of prehistoric forests can be based on restoring the areas of key species of plants and animals in those still preserved in refugiua which include tall herb forests. The main characteristic of unique boreal tall herb spruce-fir forests (association of Aconito septentrionalis-Piceetum obovatae) is presented in comparison with green moss spruce-fir forests (Eu-Piceetum abietis) that dominate in the taiga zone. Using the example of tall herb forests in the Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, we identified the following signs of intact forests of the Northern Eurasia: high diversity of vascular plant and moss species; full set of microsites connected with a tree-falls, well-defined gap-mosaic; diversity of ecological-coenotic groups; uneven-aged structure of tree species populations; fertile soil and rich soil biota; presence of broad-leaved forest markers such as ephemeroids (Corydalis solida, Anemone spp., Gagea spp., etc.); presence of broad-leaved tree species in paleo-spectra. The northern dark coniferous forests may also be regarded as historic refugiua because they were less disturbed by humans and probably less exposed to fire. Such model reconstructions will form the basis for developing methods for restoring the pre-anthropogenic dark coniferous (taiga) forests of Northern Eurasia.
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Vishnivetskaya, T. A., E. V. Spirina, A. V. Shatilovich, L. G. Erokhina, E. A. Vorobyova, and D. A. Gilichinsky. "The resistance of viable permafrost algae to simulated environmental stresses: implications for astrobiology." International Journal of Astrobiology 2, no. 3 (July 2003): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550403001575.
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54 strains of viable green algae and 26 strains of viable cyanobacteria were recovered from 128 and 56 samples collected from Siberian and Antarctic permafrost, respectively, with ages from modern to a few million years old. Although species of unicellular green algae belonged to Chlorococcales were subdominant inside permafrost, green algae Pedinomonas sp. were observed in Antarctic permafrost. Filamentous cyanobacteria of Oscillatoriales, Nostocales were just found in Siberian permafrost. Algal biomass in the permanently frozen sediments, expressed as concentration of chlorophyll a, was 0.06–0.46 μg g−1. The number of viable algal cells varied between <102 and 9×103 cfu g−1, but the number of viable bacterial cells was usually higher from 102 to 9.2×105 cfu g−1. Frozen but viable permafrost algae have preserved their morphological characteristics and photosynthetic apparatus in the dark permafrost. In the laboratory, they restored their photosynthetic activity, growth and development in favourable conditions at positive temperatures and with the availability of water and light. The discovery of ancient viable algae within permafrost reflects their ability to tolerate long-term freezing. In this study, the tolerance of algae and cyanobacteria to freezing, thawing and freezing–drying stresses was evaluated by short-term (days to months) low-temperature experiments. Results indicate that viable permafrost microorganisms demonstrate resistance to such stresses. Apart from their ecological importance, the bacterial and algal species found in permafrost have become the focus for novel biotechnology, as well as being considered proxies for possible life forms on cryogenic extraterrestrial bodies.
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Black, Jennifer L., and Jean-Michel Billette. "Do Canadians meet Canada's Food Guide's recommendations for fruits and vegetables?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 3 (March 2013): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0166.
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National dietary guidelines pertaining to the intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) were recently amended, in both Canada and the United States, to provide specific recommendations about dark green and orange vegetables and juice consumption. However, little is known about the extent to which Canadians meet the updated recommendations for FV. This study fills current gaps by applying the National Cancer Institute's methodology for assessing the distribution of usual intake of foods to examine reported FV intake using 24-h recalls from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, cycle 2.2, a nationally representative health survey. After identifying plausible respondents, usual intake distributions were estimated after adjustment for respondents' age, sex, body mass index, frequency of FV consumption, sequence effect, weekend–weekday effect, income, and ethnicity. The majority of Canadians did not meet Health Canada's 2007 recommendations for FV intake. Only 26% of the population aged 2 years and older consumed the minimum number of daily servings recommended for their respective age–sex group. Approximately 1 in 5 Canadians consumed at least 1 daily serving of dark green vegetables, and 9% consumed 1 or more daily servings of orange vegetables or their substitutes. Juice was a substantial contributor to FV intake, particularly for children and teens who, on average, consumed 32%–41% of their daily FV servings as juice. These findings provide insight into the quantity and composition of FV intake and adherence to national dietary recommendations in Canada.
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Tomita, Luciana Y., Lana C. Almeida, Cecília Roteli-Martins, Vania D’Almeida, and Marly A. Cardoso. "Dietary predictors of serum total carotene in low-income women living in São Paulo, south-east Brazil." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (April 1, 2009): 2133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005321.
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AbstractObjectiveDietary intake and nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins have been reported to protect against some cancers. The objective of the present study was to assess the correlations between serum levels of carotenoids (including β-, α- and γ-carotene), lycopene, retinol, α- and γ-tocopherols, and dietary intakes estimated by an FFQ, among low-income women in the Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (BRINCA) study.DesignCross-sectional study of data for 918 women aged 21–65 years participating in the BRINCA study in São Paulo city. Multiple linear regression models were used with serum nutrient levels as the dependent variable and dietary intake levels as the independent variable, adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsIn energy-adjusted analyses, the intakes of dark green and deep yellow vegetables and fruits (partial R2 = 4·8 %), total fruits and juices (partial R2 = 1·8 %), vegetables and fruits (partial R2 = 1·8 %), carrots (partial R2 = 1·4 %) and citrus fruits and juices only (partial R2 = 0·8 %) were positively correlated only with serum total carotene levels, after adjusting for serum total cholesterol concentration, age, hospital attended, smoking status, BMI and presence of cervical lesions. Multiple-adjusted serum levels of carotenoids were positively correlated with intake quartiles of dark green and deep yellow vegetables and fruits and total fruits and juices independent of smoking status.ConclusionsThe intake of specific fruits and vegetables was an independent predictor of serum total carotene levels in low-income women living in São Paulo.
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Jackson, Maria D., Boitumelo S. Motswagole, Lemogang D. Kwape, Rosemary I. Kobue-Lekalake, Tidimalo B. Rakgantswana, Tiyapo Mongwaketse, Motlalepula Mokotedi, and Jose Jackson-Malete. "Validation and reproducibility of an FFQ for use among adults in Botswana." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1995–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004636.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 122-item interviewer-administered quantitative FFQ developed to determine food and nutrient intakes of adults in Botswana.DesignRelative validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intakes against four non-consecutive 24 h recalls administered over 12 months. The FFQ was repeated after 1 year to assess reproducibility.SettingKanye, Botswana.SubjectsSeventy-nine adults aged 18–75 years.ResultsSpearman correlation coefficients for the validity of energy-adjusted nutrients ranged from 0·42 (carbohydrate) to 0·49 (protein) for macronutrients and from 0·23 (Fe) to 0·44 (PUFA) for micronutrients. Exact agreement of quartile distribution for nutrients between the FFQ and recalls ranged from 27 % to 72 %. Weighted kappa values were lowest for retinol (0·13), Fe (0·22) and β-carotene (0·25) and ranged from 0·33 (SFA) to 0·59 (folate) for other nutrients (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, Ca and vitamin E). Spearman correlation coefficients between the recalls and FFQ for food groups ranged from 0·18 (dark green leafy and yellow vegetables) to 0·58 (poultry). Reproducibility correlation coefficients (energy-adjusted) varied between 0·39 for retinol and 0·66 for vitamin E, with most values falling between 0·50 and 0·60.ConclusionsThe FFQ had good relative validity for estimating habitual food group and nutrient intakes, but was poor for some micronutrients (Fe, retinol and β-carotene) and foods (fruits and dark green leafy vegetables).
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Tahuk, Paulus Klau, Agustinus Agung Dethan, and Stefanus Sio. "MEAT AND FAT COLORS CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE BALI CATTLE FATTENED WITH GREEN FEED IN SMALLHOLDER FARMS." Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v2i2.592.
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The study was conducted for 3 months from March to June 2013, using nine (9) male Bali cattle aged 2.5 - 3.5 years or average 3.0 years old based on dental estimates. The initial body weight range was 227-290 kg or an average of 257.40 ± 23.60 kg. Livestock was raising carried out in the Bero Sembada Farmers Group, Laen Manen District, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The method used was an experimental method with treatments adjusted for habits of breeders in fattening cattle, which included feed management, housing, and health. The type of feed given during the study was Centrosema pubences, Clitoria ternatea, Fresh Zea mays straw, Pennisetum purpuphoides, Leucaena leucocephala, natural grass, Pennisetum purpureum and Sesbania grandiflora. The variables measured in this study include the color of the meat and fat. Measurement of the color of meat and fat using the standard color of meat and fat issued by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency (SNI: 3932: 2008, Regarding Quality Standards for Carcass and Meat of Beef Cattle). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical procedures. The results of the study showed that male Bali cattle fattened with forage produced a meat color score average of 9.00 or dark red color, while the average fat color score produced was 5.33 or yellowish-white color. It can be concluded that the characteristic color of meat from male Bali cattle fattened with forage on smallholder farms is dark red, while the color of fat is yellowish-white.
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Tugault-Lafleur, Claire, and Jennifer Black. "Lunch on School Days in Canada: Examining Contributions to Nutrient and Food Group Intakes and Differences Across Eating Locations." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_125.
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Abstract Objectives Recent federal proposals in Canada have called for changes in the delivery and funding of school lunches. Yet little evidence has documented the nutritional quality of meals eaten by school children needed to inform school lunch reforms. This study assessed the dietary contributions of lunch foods to daily food and nutrient intakes on school days and compared dietary intakes across eating locations (school, home, and off-campus). Methods Nationally representative 24-hour dietary recall data were obtained from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (n = 2540 children aged 6–17 years). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the % of daily energy, nutrients and food groups contributed by lunch foods. Multivariable age-stratified linear regression models examined differences in lunch-time consumption of energy, food groups and nutrients across eating locations. Results On average, foods reported at lunch provided ∼26% of daily calories. Relative to energy, lunch foods provided lower contributions of: dark green and orange vegetables, whole fruit, fruit juice, whole grains, milk and alternatives, fluid milk, minimally nutritious foods including sugary beverages, and several related nutrients including total sugars, vitamins A, D, B6, and B12, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Yet, lunch foods provided proportionally higher contributions of grain products, non-whole grains, meat and alternatives and sodium. Children aged 14–17 years who ate lunch at school reported higher intakes of total vegetables and fruit, whole fruit, whole grains, fiber, vitamin C, and magnesium but reported fewer calories from sugary beverages compared to their peers who ate lunch off-campus. Conclusions Relative to its contribution to energy, lunch on school days contributed to proportionally lower intakes of many healthful foods (dark green and orange vegetables, whole fruit, whole grains and fluid milk), but also proportionally lower intakes of sugary beverages. This study adds to the growing body of evidence on dietary concerns during school-time for Canadian children and highlights particular challenges for adolescents consuming lunch off-campus. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN 151,549).
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PINHEIRO, Fernanda C., Edna A. REIS, and Cristina M. RUAS. "Factors associated with falls in elderly people with osteopenia or osteoporosis counter-referred from secondary care." Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde 11, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 0399. http://dx.doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2020.111.0399.
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Objective: Analyze the factors associated with the occurrence of falls in the elderly with low bone mineral density. Methods: Study performed between July 2014 and January 2016. Involved a cross sectional secondary data collection and telephone survey to counterreferred elderly patients from a secondary care service for primary care service in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Results: Were analyzed data from 2.020 patients and, among them, 1.120 were selected to participation in telephone survey phase. Respondents were predominantly female, aged 70-79 years, with normal or overweight body mass index, diagnosed with osteoporosis and family history of fractures. Regarding habits, the greater proportion did not practice physical activities, did not drink and smoke, did not sunbathe and had low intake of dark green vegetables. In addition, most of them had a fixed income, had been contacted by primary care after counterreferral and depended exclusively on the National Unified Health System. Higher proportion of falls was observed among women, in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, with advanced age, who did not receive contact to return to the health center and in those with individual and family history of fractures. Statistical analysis demonstrate female gender, advanced age, individual or family history of fractures and low or no intake of dark green vegetables were factors that increased the risk of falls. Conclusion: Recommendations for improving health habits are simple actions and should be encouraged because they contribute to reducing the occurrence of falls and, consequently, it may lead to decrease morbidity and mortality of elderly patients.
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Bobadilla-Mendez, M. F., E. A. Cañas-Mendoza, L. M. Batista, P. L. Retes, L. G. Ferreira, S. A. P. Alcebiades, L. V. Teixeira, R. R. Alvarenga, E. J. Fassani, and M. G. Zangeronimo. "Influence of light sources on body characteristics of female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in different reproductive ages." Animal Production Science 59, no. 3 (2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16652.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different light sources on organ characteristics, bone development, chemical body composition and hepatic function of female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in different reproductive ages. In total, 210 female 1-day-old birds were housed in a brick shed, which was divided into six rooms during 12 weeks. Each room was equipped with a different type of light bulb (incandescent; compact fluorescent; and white, blue, red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs)) and contained seven cages with five birds in each. The light intensity was 15 lx and the photoperiod was 23 h light and 1 h dark (23L:1D) during the first week, 10 L:14D from the second to the fifth week, and 17L:7D until the end of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomised, with six treatments and seven replicates of each bird. The morphophysiological conditions of the birds were evaluated at the beginning (8 weeks) and during peak production (12 weeks). At 8 weeks, a higher intestine weight and length and liver weight were observed in birds maintained in white LED (P < 0.05). Lower breast weight (P < 0.01) was also observed with this type of lamp. White and red LEDs decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of ash in the tibia, but this reduction did not affect (P > 0.05) bone resistance. At 12 weeks, higher bone resistance was obtained (P < 0.01) with white LED and higher eye diameter was observed (P < 0.05) with incandescent and white LED lamps. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of light sources on the circulating levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Fluorescent bulbs resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) level of γ-glutamyltransferase, while blue LED resulted in the lowest level. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of light sources on chemical body composition in any of the evaluated ages. It was concluded that the photostimulation of Japanese quail with white LED is more efficient to stimulate their organ development, especially the intestine, until 8 weeks of life, resulting in birds with better bone development during peak production.
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ASSUMPÇÃO, Daniela de, Semíramis Martins Álvares DOMENE, Regina Mara FISBERG, and Marilisa Berti de Azevedo BARROS. "Social and demographic inequalities in diet quality in a population-based study." Revista de Nutrição 29, no. 2 (April 2016): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652016000200001.
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Objective : To evaluate sociodemographic inequalities in the diet quality of the urban population of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed using data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas in 2008-2009. Diet quality was evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. A total of 3,382 individuals aged 10 years old and older were analyzed. Results : Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised scores increased with age and education level. Women consumed more vegetables, fruits, and milk, and less sodium, meat and eggs, oils, saturated and solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars than men. Scores for whole grains, vegetables, and fruits also increased with age and education level. Conclusion: These findings point to sociodemographic segments that are more vulnerable to an inappropriate diet and identify the need of strategies to increase the consumption of whole grains, dark green vegetables, fruits, and milk, and decrease the consumption of sodium, solid fats, alcohol, and added sugar.
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Yasser, M., and Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar Asfar. "Green Sintesis Nanopartikel Emas menggunakan Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea batatas)." Chemica: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia 19, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/chemica.v19i2.12766.
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ABSTRAK
Nanopartikel emas telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan teknologi Green Sintesis memanfaatkan Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea batatas) sebagai agen pereduksi emas menjadi nanopartikel emas. Secara fisika terbentuknya nanopartikel emas ditandai dengan perubahan warna ketika larutan emas direaksikan dengan pereduksi ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu dari kuning menjadi merah anggur. Selain itu pengukuran menggunakan Spektroskopi UV-Vis juga menunjukkan bahwa telah terbentuk nanopartikel emas yang ditandai dengan terbentuk puncak pada kisaran panjang gelombang 500 – 600 nm. Pengukuran nanopartikel emas yang dihasilkan pada berbagai variasi waktu menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel emas yang dihasilkan cukup stabil terhadap waktu yang ditandai dengan puncak yang terbentuk pada kisaran 541 – 544 nm.
Kata kunci: Nanopartikel Emas, Green Sintesis, Ubi Jalar Ungu, Spektroskopi UV-Vis
ABSTRACT
Gold nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using Green Synthesis technology utilizing Purple Sweet Potato Extract (Ipomea batatas) as a reducing agent of gold into gold nanoparticles. In physics the formation of gold nanoparticles marked with a color change when a solution of gold reacted with the reducing Purple sweet potato extract from yellow to red wine. Measurements using UV-Vis spectroscopy also showed that gold nanoparticles have been formed which is characterized by peaks formed in the wavelength range of 500-600 nm. Measurement of the gold nanoparticles produced at various times showed that gold nanoparticles produced quite stable over time characterized by peaks formed in the range of 541-544 nm.
Keywords: Gold Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Purple Sweet Potato,
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Iizuka, Tatsuya, Takushi Kawamorita, Hajime Tsuji, Hiroyuki Kanai, Toshihiro Hirai, Hiroo Suzuki, Tomoya Handa, and Hitoshi Ishikawa. "High visibility colored fabrics for normal trichromats and individuals with color vision defects in a sunset-simulated environment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): e0274824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274824.
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This study aimed to investigate the visibility of colors in congenitally color vision defect people using general and fluorescent colors in an environment simulating sunset to examine the standards for high-visibility safety clothing for general users. Twenty participants with normal trichromats, seven protanopes, and five deuteranopes were included, with mean ages (± standard deviation) of 21.0±1.0, 46,7±16.1, and 56.6±6.9 years, respectively. Dyed fabrics were used to evaluate visibility. We evaluated brightness and conspicuousness sensitivity by combining red, yellow-red, yellow, green, red-purple, blue, white, black, fluorescent yellow, and fluorescent orange. For brightness sensitivity, the combination of fluorescent yellow and white/yellow stripes was highly visible and significantly different from all other samples (p < 0.05). For conspicuousness sensitivity, the combinations of black/fluorescent yellow, black/yellow, black/white, black/yellow-red, and white/red-purple stripes were highly visible and significantly different from all the other samples (p < 0.05). Yellow light is most visible and even better when fluorescent. They are based on specific spectral sensitivity, and yellow is the most visible, even for congenitally colorblind individuals. Furthermore, with regard to color combinations, it was found that the contrast between two distinct light or dark colors, such as black, yellow, black, and white, is perceived to be equally noticeable by congenital color vision defect individuals. This suggests the possible further applications of safety clothing.
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Salangka, Aurellia M., Max F. J. Mantik, and Praevilia M. Salendu. "Peran Nutrisi terhadap Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Anak." e-CliniC 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v11i1.37921.
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Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency problem worldwide, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. The highest prevalence was found in late infancy and early childhood due to the growth process and nutritional factors. This study aimed to evaluate the role of nutrition in iron deficiency anemia in children aged less than five years. This was a literature review study. The results showed that children aged less than five years suffering from iron deficiency anemia were associated with several factors, as follows: not being given exclusive breastfeeding, giving cow milk compared to iron-fortified formula milk, not consuming heme source foods (meat, legumes, green-leafy vegetables), and the habit of consuming tea. In conclusion, nutritional factors play an important role in iron deficiency anemia in children.Keywords: nutrition; iron deficiency anemia; children under five years of age Abstrak: Anemia defisiensi besi menjadi masalah defisiensi nutrisi yang paling banyak dijumpai di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi tertinggi didapatkan pada akhir masa bayi dan awal masa kanak-kanak oleh karena proses pertumbuhan dan juga faktor nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran nutrisi terhadap kejadian anemia defisiensi besi pada anak yang berusia kurang dari lima tahun. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa anak berusia kurang dari lima tahun dan menderita anemia defisiensi besi dihubungkan dengan faktor tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif, pemberian susu sapi dibandingkan susu formula yang diperkaya zat besi, tidak mengonsumsi makanan sumber heme (daging, kacang polong, sayuran yang berwarna hijau tua), dan kebiasaan mengonsumsi teh. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor nutrisi berperan penting dalam kejadian anemia defisiensi besi.Kata kunci: nutrisi; anemia defisiensi besi; anak usia kurang dari lima tahun
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Salangka, Aurellia M., Max F. J. Mantik, and Praevilia M. Salendu. "Peran Nutrisi terhadap Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Anak." e-CliniC 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v11i1.44322.
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Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency problem worldwide, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. The highest prevalence was found in late infancy and early childhood due to the growth process and nutritional factors. This study aimed to evaluate the role of nutrition in iron deficiency anemia in children aged less than five years. This was a literature review study. The results showed that children aged less than five years suffering from iron deficiency anemia were associated with several factors, as follows: not being given exclusive breastfeeding, giving cow milk compared to iron-fortified formula milk, not consuming heme source foods (meat, legumes, green-leafy vegetables), and the habit of consuming tea. In conclusion, nutritional factors play an important role in iron deficiency anemia in children.
Keywords: nutrition; iron deficiency anemia; children under five years of age
Abstrak: Anemia defisiensi besi menjadi masalah defisiensi nutrisi yang paling banyak dijumpai di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Prevalensi anemia defisiensi besi tertinggi didapatkan pada akhir masa bayi dan awal masa kanak-kanak oleh karena proses pertumbuhan dan juga faktor nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran nutrisi terhadap kejadian anemia defisiensi besi pada anak yang berusia kurang dari lima tahun. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa anak berusia kurang dari lima tahun dan menderita anemia defisiensi besi dihubungkan dengan faktor tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif, pemberian susu sapi dibandingkan susu formula yang diperkaya zat besi, tidak mengonsumsi makanan sumber heme (daging, kacang polong, sayuran yang berwarna hijau tua), dan kebiasaan mengonsumsi teh. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor nutrisi berperan penting dalam kejadian anemia defisiensi besi.
Kata kunci: nutrisi; anemia defisiensi besi; anak usia kurang dari lima tahun