Journal articles on the topic 'Greece – Intellectual life – 20th century'
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1
Vovchuk, Liudmyla. "Implementation of European Values by Foreign Consuls in Southern Ukraine (Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries)." European Historical Studies, no. 15 (2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.15.6.
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Today we hear more and more that until our country realizes fundamental European values, it will not be able to become a full member of the “European family”. But it should be emphasized that this process began long before Ukraine gained independence and the leading role in this was played by foreign consuls of Europe and America. The countries that created the modern world as it is, where the foundations of modern statehood, civil society, an efficient market economy, and a system of social justice were laid. Therefore, this article is dedicated to highlighting the role of these representatives in the implementation of European values in the south of Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Being in the port cities of the region, which then opened wide horizons for commercial activity, and using all opportunities to maximize the protection of the interests of their state and citizens, foreign consuls, through the development of public-social life of the region, contributed to the implementation of priority values. There were many consuls who made a significant contribution to the development of urban territories, their improvement, the enrichment of the spiritual and intellectual life of the townspeople. Consulates of Greece, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Belgium, England, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil and Argentina deserve special attention. Awareness of the importance of education, spiritual status of the population and the development of the city as a whole made positive changes. At the end of XIX – beginning of XX century the South of Ukraine began to occupy leading positions in the foreign economic activity of the Russian Empire. Of course, it cannot be said that this was done solely through the work of foreign representatives, but they nevertheless managed to prove that the unity of values is the foundation on which the European Union stands today.
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Jones, Mark. "20th century composers." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.442.
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At the turn of the century, opera was leaderless after the heady days of Verdi and Wagner. Puccini emerged as the new voice of Italian opera, where realism, or verismo, was the way forward. But verismo could never be the answer to the operatic dilemma that faced the latest composers, since it only gave a musical dimension to a stage painting of ‘life as it is’, without reference to underlying psychodynamics — I personally have never thought Puccini much of an intellectual. Beautiful his music may be, but as thinking pieces of theatre they are devoid of real challenges. Their appeal and potency lies, to a great extent, in Puccini's obsession with needless suffering.
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Nastos, P. T., and J. T. Matsangouras. "Tornado activity in Greece within the 20th century." Advances in Geosciences 26 (July 7, 2010): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-26-49-2010.
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Abstract. Tornado activity is associated with extreme convective weather which can cause extended damage and even in some cases the loss of life. The complex inland terrain of Greece along with the Ionian Sea at the west and the Aegean Sea at the east appear to be a favorable area for fury phenomena such as tornadoes, waterspouts and funnel clouds. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of tornado activity in Greece for the period 1900–1999 are presented. The spatial distribution of tornadoes, waterspouts and funnel clouds reveals the vulnerability of specific geographical areas, such as the west Greece and the south Aegean Sea. As far as the intra annual variability is concerned, the maximum of tornado activity dominates within the cold period of the year (October–March) while according to the daily distribution, tornadoes happen frequently during the warm hours of the day. It is remarkable to mention that in Greece, within the 20th century, the tornado activity caused the loss of 4 lifes, the injury of 40 people and numerous damages on human constructions and cultivations.
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Gołaszewska-Rusinowska, Dominika. "JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 17 (June 15, 2018): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2018.17.19.
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This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.
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Strasser, Michael W. "The Desire for God and the Love of Learning: A Sketch of Plato and Aristotle." Florilegium 8, no. 1 (January 1986): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.8.003.
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The studies of mediaeval historians since the beginning of this century have made the originality of the Middle Ages so clear to us that we are now in danger of forgetting the continuity of the mediaeval world with that of Classical Greece. One similarity between these two periods that seems worthy of exploration is their common conviction that a man's intellectual life depends in some originative way upon his moral life.
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Dénes, Iván Zoltán. "Contributing to Healing the World." European Review 23, no. 4 (September 22, 2015): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000241.
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This paper investigates the resistance, and life-saving activities during the Shoah, of the greatest Hungarian democratic political thinker of the 20th century, István Bibó – one of the most original political theorists of his time. It places this in the context of his intellectual development, and provides an overview of his later thought on Anti-Semitism and the various forms of Jewish identity.
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Boyakova, Sardana I., and Inna I. Yurganova. "Parochial schools in Yakutia’s intellectual landscape (the second half of 19th - early 20th century)." RUDN Journal of Russian History 18, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 904–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-4-904-921.
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The article deals with the activities of the parochial schools in the Yakut region in the second half 19th - early 20th century as the region’s main primary schools. The authors consider the effect of the climate and the local population’s living conditions to explain the slow growth of these schools. Among other, it also discusses disagreements between the region’s secular and spiritual authorities about education, as well as how the institutions were financed. It argues the teachers, as members of the intelligentsia, were Yakutia’s intellectual elites, which enabled them to influence public opinion. Their educational activities, involvement in academic research, journalism and art significantly enriched the region’s intellectual life. The authors conclude that parochial schools enabled the population to receive primary education, as well as the possibility of further study. Both secular and religious educators contributed to the formation of the intelligentsia nationally and the integration of the Yakut periphery into the empire.
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Gotsi, Georgia. "Letters from E. M. Edmonds to Nikolaos G. Politis." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 41, no. 2 (September 18, 2017): 254–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2017.3.
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This article presents the letters sent by the late nineteenth-century English writer Elizabeth Mayhew Edmonds to the Greek folklorist Nikolaos G. Politis. While a preoccupation with folklore and ethnology predisposed the Victorian public to take a narrow view of Greek society, Edmonds's interest in both vernacular culture and the literary, social and political life of modern Greece enriched the complex cultural exchange that developed between European (Neo)Hellenists and Greek scholars. This European-wide discourse promoted modern Greece as an autonomous subject of study, worthy of intellectual pursuit.
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Christensen, Bryce. "The Fissioning of the Modern Family in Utopia- The Real- World Consequences of Political Illusions." Legal Culture 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37873/legal.2018.1.1.13.
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Since the mid-20th century, the United States-, like many Europeancountries, -has witnessed dramatic changes in family life, resulting inremarkably low rates for marriage and fertility, remarkably high rates fordivorce, cohabitation, and out-of-wedlock births. To understand these changes the article presents, on the example of literature, ideologies, philosophical trends, and intellectual opinions, which in a particularly destructive way influenced the contemporary condition of the family.
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Zafeiris, Konstantinos N., and Stamatina Kaklamani. "COMPLETED FERTILITY DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: AN EXAMPLE FROM SIX SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHERN GREECE." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932018000019.
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SummaryThis study aimed to delineate temporal trends and differentials of completed fertility and their relationship with some characteristics of the marriage system in specific anthropological populations of northern Greece. The analysis was based on the life history of quinquennial and decennial birth cohorts of married women born in the 20th century who reproduced solely within the settlements studied. The variables studied were: children ever born, mean age of mother at first marriage, mean age of mother at first child (live birth), mean age of mother at last child and reproductive span. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the demographic characteristics of marriage and that there was an ongoing fertility transition in the 20th century in the populations studied. The mechanism of fertility decline was connected with the gradual reduction of the mean age of the mother at last child, the parallel decrease in the mean age at childbearing and a shortening of the reproductive span. Fertility levels at all times maintained a dynamic character imposed by local cultural, economic and social structures, which, in turn, were part of broader national and international structures, in all the populations studied. A strong trend of convergence of fertility levels was observed among the populations studied.
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Belov, Sergey G., and Aleksey Yu Suslov. "A Provincial Intellectual at the Breaking Point of History (on the Chistopol Doctor D.D. Avdeyev, the Prototype of Doctor Zhivago)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v150.
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This article dwells on the biography of the provincial doctor Dmitry D. Avdeyev (1879–1952) unfolding during the dramatic events in 20th-century Russia. The methods of intellectual history and micro-historiography allow us to create a certain “portrait of a provincial doctor against the background of the era”, who had to make cultural choices. The paper analyses the impact of Avdeyev’s life on the image of Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist in Boris Pasternak’s famous novel, who embodied the best features of the Russian intelligentsia: selfless devotion, action for the common good, disregard of material wealth, and commitment to the timeless humanistic ideals. Avdeyev’s origin and family as well as his professional path are described. Further, the paper studies the everyday life and practice of the ordinary provincial doctor in the early 20th century, including the period of the Civil War and famine of 1921–1922 in the Volga region. It is emphasized here that Avdeyev’s reminiscences of these tragic events, which he had shared with writers evacuated to Chistopol and Yelabuga (1941–1943), were directly and indirectly reflected in Doctor Zhivago. During the war, the doctor’s house in Chistopol became a kind of a writers’ club and a literary salon. It is concluded that the dramatic clash between Avdeyev’s (and Doctor Zhivago’s and, to some extent, Pasternak’s) thoughts and dreams and the reality of post-revolutionary Russia, as well as their being fettered by the actualities of the epoch were, nevertheless, overcome through the spirit of creativity and due to finding meaning in serving the Russian people. This paper provides deeper insights into the lives and behavioural patterns of Russian intellectuals during this landmark period and can be used in interdisciplinary research on the intellectual history of 20th-century Russia and in literary studies.
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Zyukina, Zulfira, Yulia Voropaeva, and Zoya Zyukina. "Intellectual games concept review in THE XIX – XXI century (Google book Ngram Corpus scientific materials base)." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 16035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021016035.
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In the context of the development of information technology in the world, modern scientists have noted in children, youth and adults the processes of creative and intellectual degradation, the growth of functional illiteracy. In the 20th century, the value of general intelligence for each new generation was one more statistical “norm” than the previous one. Scientists have discovered that the activity of a man of the 21st century in his free time becomes more significant for the development of his intellect and creativity (gaining a state of "flow") than activity during working hours. The intellectual load during leisure time allows a person to maintain a high level of mental activity until the end of his life, to prevent brain degradation. In the scientific community, from the mid-19th century, the verbal definition of the term “intellectual games” is enclosed in different types of games. Drawing analogies between the concepts of “Quiz” and “intellectual games”, the authors of the article determine that they are the product of two opposites: mass, entertainment culture and intellectual culture, which is characteristic of a rational person, capable of endless development. The authors described a modern tool for working in the database of scientific materials Google Book Ngram Corpus. This database contains also materials concerning architecture, construction, machine-buliding fields of research. With its help, connotations of intellectual games in the history of their development were considered.
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Federici Vescovini, Graziella. "La storia della filosofia medievale dei secoli XIII e XIV." Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter 6 (December 31, 2001): 53–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpjam.6.04ves.
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An overview of current medieval philosophical and scientific studies would seem justified at the beginning of the 21st century. While no part of the history of philosophy has been so much despised as the Middle Ages (this period having been called until the beginning of the 20th century the ›dark ages‹), numerous internationally signi;cant studies on this topic have recently been published. Essays and monographs, critical editions, anthologies and reviews have addressed many facets of medieval thought, particularly the medieval institutional context and the intellectual life of the Middle Ages along with the history of medieval philosophy and science. This essay looks at studies of different philosophical tendencies from the end of the 13th century to the 15th century, not restricting itself to medieval Aristotelianism.
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WILSON, PETER. "Gilbert Murray and International Relations: Hellenism, liberalism, and international intellectual cooperation as a path to peace." Review of International Studies 37, no. 2 (August 25, 2010): 881–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000744.
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AbstractGilbert Murray was one of the towering figures of 20th century cultural and intellectual life, and the foremost Hellenist of his generation. He was also a tireless campaigner for peace and international reconciliation, and a pioneer in the development of international intellectual cooperation, not least in the field of International Relations (IR). Yet in IR today he is largely forgotten. This article seeks to put Murray back on the historiographical map. It argues that while in many ways consistent with the image of the inter-war ‘utopian’, Murray's thinking in certain significant ways defies this image. It examines the twin foundations of his international thought – liberalism and Hellenism – and their manifestation in a version of international intellectual cooperation that while aristocratic and outmoded in some respects, nonetheless contains certain enduring insights.
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Swedberg, Richard. "Tocqueville in Sweden." Tocqueville Review 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.22.1.201.
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If a non-Swedish observer was asked to hazard a guess if Tocqueville had influenced Swedish political, cultural and intellectual life, she would probably answer that this would be quite unlikely, given the strong position of colleetivistic ideologies in this country.1 This answer is both correct and incorrect, as I shall try to show in this brief note which attempts to add to our knowledge of the reception of Tocqueville in Europe — a genre that was initiated by Francoisc Mélonio in Tocqueville et les Français in 1993. During the 19th century Tocqueville’s ideas were well known in political as well as cultural and intellectual circles in Sweden. During the 20th century, on the other hand, the interest more or less disappeared, although there exist some signs of a recent revival, set off by a new translation of De la démocratie en Amérique in 1997 (L’Ancien régime has never been translated into Swedish).
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Sakallieros, Giorgos. "Diverging from an established Greek musical nationalism: Aspects of modernism in the works of Dimitri Mitropoulos, Nikos Skalkottas, Dimitrios Levidis and Harilaos Perpessas, during the 1920s and 30s." Muzikologija, no. 12 (2012): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz111211009s.
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The presence of many young talented composers outside Greece, studying in prominent European music centres during the 1920s and 30s, set them free from the ideological compulsions of Greek musical nationalism prevailing in Athenian musical life during the first decades of the 20th century. The creative approach and adoption of aspects of musical modernism, having been established around the same period in western music, are subsequently commented upon in the works, style and ideology of four different Greek composers: the pioneer of atonality and twelve-note technique in Greece, Dimitri Mitropoulos (1896-1960); the innovator and descendant of the Second Viennese School, Nikos Skalkottas (1904-1949); the ardent supporter of timbral innovation into new instruments and ensembles, Dimitrios Levidis (1886-1951); and, finally, the ascetical and secluded Harilaos Perpessas (1907-1995), another pupil of Schoenberg in Berlin.
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Joanna Ostrowska, Joanna Ostrowska. "Festiwale – święta sztuki czy projekty intelektualne." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 33 (June 15, 2012): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2012.33.11.
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The article tries to analyze the phenomenon of the growing numbers of artistic festivals with an intellectual agenda. In the author's opinion the very appearance of artistic festivals in the beginning of the 20th Century was already an intellectual project of healing war wounds through art, which later created the background for the political project of a common union of European countries. Contemporary artistic festivals are as much presentations of different kinds of art as they are intellectual projects that try to introduce various issues: urban studies, ethnical diversity or results of scientific research. Artistic festivals are analyzed here as cultural performances (in order to be presented, issues undertaken by the festivals need to be performed) that have subversive, transformative and normative power. From the viewpoint of performance studies and aesthetics of performativity, contemporary festivals crushed the division between art and events that are part of everyday, "real" life.
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Zhukova, O. A. "National Culture as a Problem of Philosophical and Cultural Analysis: Current Discourse." Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), no. 12 (December 20, 2022): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2212-03.
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The article shows that the 20th century has significantly changed the social structure of societies, transforming the self-consciousness of a person of European culture. The 20th century prepared the actual modernity of the third millennium with its global structure of cultural and political interrelations, allowing for both the continuous development and critical revision of cultural traditions. National cultures, their spiritual traditions, ethical and aesthetic values are deconstructed under the pressure of unifying practices of the information society. The author raises the question: is the historical and spiritual experience of Russian culture relevant for modern Russia, for its political and cultural agenda? The article puts forward the thesis that the basic concepts included in the philosophical thesaurus and defining the research horizon of Russian cultural philosophers — the state, nation, culture, personality, freedom, religious experience, creativity — are determined by the meanings, ideals and values of the Modernity project. However, currently in relation to Modernity seems to be a radically new project. Modernity, which defined the cultural and political configuration of Russia and Europe in the 18th — early 20th century, cannot compete with this project. The present situation poses a serious challenge to the historical integrity and subjectivity of national cultures. In this context, one of the key tasks is to re-actualize the intellectual heritage of Russian culture, its concepts of man, history, and spiritual life, which were formulated by Russian thinkers.
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Tsipko, Alexander S. "Is it Possible to Combine “Free-Thinking” and Belief in God?" Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 102 (March 1, 2020): 756–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-1-756-767.
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The author addresses the subject of the opposition of “free-thinking” and belief in God in the domestic liberal thought and draws parallels between modern Russian society and similar philosophic discussions a century from the present time. In both cases liberalism in Russia kept to aggressive atheistic position, supporting in that aspect radical materialists. The author examines the historical preconditions for such worldview on the basis of the polemics inside the “Religious and Philosophical Society” that existed in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century. According to the author, in that period there existed a very promising direction in Russian liberal thought, when the representatives of Russian liberal ideas (along with the representatives of other intellectual directions) were the architects of the renascence of Russian religious philosophy on the eve of the Russian empire collapse. Their intellectual activity dealt with relieving the ideological hostility of liberalism towards religion and spiritual life traditions. The representatives of that direction supposed that without solving that problem of antagonism, liberalism would inevitably degenerate into culturally and politically destructive nihilism. The author stresses the relevance of similar antagonism and confrontation nowadays, drawing attention in that regard to the importance of studying and further development of all directions of thought that we inherit from Russian religious philosophy of the beginning of the 20th centu
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Rethelyi, Mari. "A Place of Pretense and Escapism: The Coffeehouse in Early 20th Century Budapest Jewish Literature." Religions 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9100320.
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In Budapest, going to the coffeehouiennese Café and Fin-De-Siecle Cultuse was the quintessential urban habit. The coffeehouse, a Judaized urban space, although devoid of any religious overtones, was Jewish in that most of the owners and significant majority of the intellectual clientele were Jewish—secular and non-affiliated—but Jewish. The writers’ Jewishness was not a confessed faith or identity, but a lens on the experience of life that stemmed from their origins, whether they were affiliated with a Jewish institution or not, and whether they identified as Jews or not. The coffeehouse enabled Jews to create and participate in the culture that replaced traditional ethnic and religious affiliations. The new secular urban Jew needed a place to express and practice this new identity, and going to the coffeehouse was an important part of that identity. Hungarian Jewish literature centered in Budapest contains a significant amount of material on the coffeehouse. Literature provided a non-constrained and unfiltered venue for the secular Jewish urban intellectuals to voice freely and directly their opinions on Jewish life at the time. In the article I examine what the Jewish writers of the early 20th century wrote about Budapest’s coffeehouses and how their experience of them is connected to their being Jewish.
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Katz, Kimberly. "URBAN IDENTITY IN COLONIAL TUNISIA: THE MAQĀMĀT OF SALIH SUWAYSI AL-QAYRAWANI." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 4 (October 12, 2012): 693–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000827.
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AbstractThis article presents a microhistory of an early 20th-century Tunisian intellectual, Salih Suwaysi, within the context of cross-regional (Maghrib–Mashriq) literary and intellectual trends. Analyzing Suwaysi's use of the conventional literary genre of maqāmāt illustrates his deep understanding of the problems caused by France's occupation of Tunisia and highlights the significance of historical and contemporary urban space for the author. Revitalized during the nahḍa period, maqāmāt were employed by writers to address issues and problems facing contemporary society, in contrast to some of the earlier maqāmāt that focused on language and language structure more than on narrative content. Suwaysi followed his eastern Mediterranean, especially Egyptian, contemporaries in turning to this genre to convey his critical commentaries on social, religious, and political life under the French Protectorate in Tunisia.
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SHEN, Mingxian. "“延續生命 擴大生命”——何懷宏教授〈預期壽命與生命之道〉讀後." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121568.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Professor He’s paper raises a very interesting question: how does life span relate to way of life? Moving beyond clichéd approaches to health preservation, Professor He innovatively attributes the longevity of Chinese philosophers in the 20th century to their special way of life, informed by traditional Chinese wisdom. In my paper, I use the life history of Shen Congwen to show how we can lead long and prosperous lives. Shen Congwen’s devotion to academic research, beginning in 1949, enabled him to maintain his integrity in later life despite his unfavorable political environment. I suggest that independent intellectual self-actualization played a significant role in the happy life enjoyed by Shen and the lives of many intellectuals like him.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 33 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Potter, Liz. "British Philhellenism and the Historiography of Greece: A Case Study of George Finlay (1799-1875)." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 1 (January 20, 2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.176.
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<p>This article offers a case study of George Finlay, a British philhellene whose intellectual make-up deserves more attention than it has previously been given (1). Unlike many Western European philhellenes who returned home disillusioned with Greece, Finlay spent his life in Athens (2); and unlike the overwhelmingly classicising Hellenism of his British contemporaries, his was a Hellenism that insisted on the interest and instructiveness of the history of Greece from the Roman period onwards (3). From a study of his <em>History of Greece BC 146 to AD 1864 </em>(4), and an analysis of its influences (5) and its uses (6), the article portrays Finlay as a complex, supple and interesting thinker. He is of particular interest to the nineteenth-century historian of political ideas for the ways in which he inherited and re-shaped ideas associated with civic virtue, philosophic history and contemporary liberalism.</p>
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Bournova, Eugenia, and Myrto Dimitropoulou. "Women Physicians and Their Careers: Athens—1900–1950: A Contribution to Understanding Women’s History." Genealogy 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7010007.
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This article combines history of the family with women’s and gender history and the history of women’s education; it is based on an extensive range of archives and aims at highlighting the attitude of society and families towards women who wanted to attend University studies in the beginning of the 20th century. The matter of women’s university education is directly related to the emergence of the feminist movement in Greece. The strong preference of female university students for the exact sciences at that time was justified by contemporary scholars as a choice reflecting women’s nature. This article highlights the role played by family and social class background. To this effect, the life course of three ‘heroines’ is followed from their initial desire to undertake further studies to their participation in the social and cultural life of the capital of Greece, as a contribution to current literature on gender studies. Despite the limited number of cases discussed, we strongly believe that these women’s upbringing enhances our understanding of women’s scientific pursuits and their place in Athenian elite families.
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Angelakis, Andreas N., Nicholas Dercas, and Vasileios A. Tzanakakis. "Water Quality Focusing on the Hellenic World: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future." Water 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121887.
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Water quality is a fundamental issue for the survival of a city, especially on dry land. In ancient times, water availability determined the location and size of villages and cities. Water supply and treatment methods were developed and perfected along with the evolution of urbanization. In Europe, after the fall of the Roman Empire, water supply and sewage systems went through fundamental changes. However, in medieval times, the lack of proper sanitation and low water quality increased the spreading and effects of epidemics. The importance of potable water quality was established during modern times. In Greece, the significance of water filtration and disinfection was not understood until the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, the beneficial effects of water quality and sanitation on human health and especially on life expectancy are considered. In Greece and other countries, a dramatic increase in life expectancy mainly after the 2nd World War is probably due to the improvement of potable water quality and hygiene conditions. However, since the mid-20th century, new water quality issues have emerged, such as eutrophication, the improvement of water treatment technologies, as well as chemical and microbiological water pollution problems. This study, in addition to the historical evolution of water quality, highlights and discusses the current issues and challenges with regard to the management and protection of water quality, including global changes in population and urbanization, lack of infrastructure, use of nonconventional water resources, spreading of emerging pollutants and contaminants (e.g., antibiotics and microplastics), and climatic variability impacts. Against these, a review of the main proposed strategies and measures is presented and discussed to protect water quality and maintain water supplies for the future. Understanding the practices and solutions of the past provides a lens with which to view the present and future.
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Christopoulos, Marianna D. "Nineteenth-century America through the Eyes of John Gennadius." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 12 (December 30, 2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.8806.
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<p>The aim of this article is to unfold and analyze the view of America held by<br />John Gennadius [Ioannis Gennadios], one of the most important diplomats of nineteenthcentury<br />Greece. Having spent most of his life in England as a member of the Greek legation,<br />which he served for more than 20 years, Gennadius was influenced by the ongoing British<br />discussion of the “American miracle”. His perception was, however, fostered during two<br />visits to America, a professional one (1888) and a private one (1893-1894). He was involved<br />in American political life as the official negotiator of the Greek government, but also<br />enjoyed the culture, witnessed the wealth and the galloping development and made many<br />acquaintances. All of this made an impression on him. He commented on the importance<br />of British influence on American civilization, acknowledged the material and intellectual<br />progress of its people and foresaw the potential of its thriving economy in world politics.</p>
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Miller, Nicola. "Recasting the Role of the Intellectual: Chilean Poet Gabriela Mistral." Feminist Review 79, no. 1 (March 2005): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400206.
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The life and work of Gabriela Mistral, the first Latin American writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1945, is examined as an example of how difficult it was for women to win recognition as intellectuals in 20th-century Latin America. Despite an international reputation for erudition and political commitment, Mistral has traditionally been represented in stereotypically gendered terms as the ‘Mother’ and ‘Schoolteacher’ of the Americas, and it has been repeatedly claimed that she was both apolitical and anti-intellectual. This article contests such claims, arguing that she was not only committed to fulfilling the role of an intellectual, but that she also elaborated a critique of the dominant male Latin American view of intellectuality, probing the boundaries of both rationality and nationality as constructed by male Euro-Americans. In so doing, she addressed many of the crucial issues that still confront intellectuals today in Latin America and elsewhere.
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Fox, Alistair. "University of Otago, New Zealand, 10th July 1988." Moreana 41 (Number 157-, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2004.41.1-2.14.
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In this paper, Prof. Fox investigates the inspiration that More, the man for all seasons, may have for our epoch. Observing the early post-war development of postmodernism, the author draws a comparison between the intellectual challenges that were experienced in the second half of the 20th century and those known to More in this writings, his spiritual development and his concerns as a lawyer. The contradictions revealed in More’s life are fully explored in this essay, culminating in More’ existential certainty expressed in the paradox of this trial and death: More’s experience was therefore archetypal for the concerns of a post-modern age.
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Ivanenko, Valentyn. "Professor of History Vitaliy Stetskevich : notes to intellectual portrait." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210409.
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The aim of the article is to characterize the key fragments of life and career of the famous military historian of contemporary Ukraine proffessor V. V. Stetskevych. Research methods: chronological, historical-genetic, historical-biographical. Sources: archival documents of special origin, unpublished epistolary materials and memorials of the scholar, current historiography. Main results. The most distinctive biographical dates, events, facts of V. V. Stetskevych’s life from his birth till nowadays are identified and briefly characterized; his formation as a scientist and an educator at Dnipropetrovsk classical university are specified; the progress of his further career development in the leading technical higher educational institution of Kryvyi Rig (KMU–KTU), which became an integral part of his almost half-century professional activity, is investigated. An attempt is made to discover and outline the factors which determined his choice of the scientific research strategies, at first within the framework of special historical reproduction of Ukrainian life at the final stage of the war of 1941–1945, and then, historiographical understanding of historical science in its most difficult first period. The overall creative heritage of the scientist is preliminary summed up (initiated and implemented scientific projects, published works, defended dissertations, organized conferences etc.).Conclusions. V. V. Stetskevych left a noticeable mark in the professional environment of Dnipro region and Ukraine of the late 20th – first quarter of the 21st century as an authoritative scholar in the field of national history of the Second World War. He went through a difficult path of professional self-improvement, theoretical and methodological transformation, the so-called “paradigm shift”, thanks to which he was able to create intellectual products corresponding to the modern era. Practical value. The material of the article can be used in research projects devoted to the history of war, in the educational process of history departments of universities. Scientific novelty. Some traits of the intellectual portrait of the distinctive historian are foregrounded and defined for the first time. Type of the article: research.
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Semenova, Angelina I. "“The Last of the Mohicans of the Russian Thought”: Pavel S. Popov about Gustav G. Shpet. Popov, Pavel S. “Shpet, Publication by Angelina I. Semenova." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 7 (2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-7-105-124.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the intellectual heritage of the famous Russian philosopher, literary scholar and translator Pavel Sergeevich Popov (1892-1964), whose works have been preserved in his family archive. The article precedes the publication of the chapter on Gustav Gustavovich Shpet from Popov’s unpublished memoirs Images of the Past. Memories from university, gymnasium and childhood years (P.S Popov began to write this book in the 1920s and finished in the 1940s). Popov's manuscript is primarily of historical and philosophical value, opening up new interesting pages for us in the history of domestic Russian thought in the first half of the 20th century. It allows to take a fresh look at both Popov and Shpet, clarifies the nuances of the relationshipbetween philosophers of that time, confirms the ideological and biographical assumptions of researchers (for example, about the existence of a typewritten version of the second volume of Shpet’s A View on the History of Russian philosophy»). In addition, thanks to these memories, various details of the intellectual life in the first half of the 20th century are discovered (including the internal ideological connections within the Psychological Society, and the intellectual atmosphere of the “editing” of Shpet's translation of the G.W.F Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit. The author defends on P.S. Popov’s archival materials the idea of the existence of a continuity between the philosophy of pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet period. Their link, according to the author, is the work of university philosophers (precisely, the generation that caught the interruption of the pre-revolutionary and the formation of the Soviet philosophy: G.G. Shpet, P.S. Popov, B.A. Fokht, V.F. Asmus etc.), since the university style of thinking is, in principle, aimed at preserving and transmitting the historical intellectual experience of generations.
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Sekenova, Olga, and Natalia Pushkareva. "TOWARDS A HISTORY OF EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN WOMEN HISTORIANS OF THE LATE 19TH — BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY: LEISURE AND RECREATION." Antropologicheskij forum 17, no. 49 (June 2021): 132–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-132-153.
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The article focuses on the study of the anthropology of everyday life of persons of intellectual labor. The subject of the study are the leisure peculiarities of the everyday life and home life of the first Russian women historians of the pre-revolutionary period, the variety of forms of free time available to the first women scientists among professional historians, as well as the budget and the ratio of their working and free time. Reflecting on the peculiarities in the study of the everyday life of the academic and teaching communities and describing the main forms of leisure of “learned ladies”, the authors give examples of how they organize and attend intellectual “evenings”, reading professional and fictional literature, forms of public engagement, including charitable activities. Various documents of personal origin—memoirs, diaries, personal correspondences of the first Russian women historians—made it possible to draw conclusions about the complex interweaving of free and working time in the life of women scientists, the flow of work into leisure and vice versa. The authors also demonstrate that the gradual entry of women into the male academic environment significantly influenced the practice of leisure: the contamination of work and rest was sometimes forced, and the adaptation to an academic career went, among other things, through the assimilation of appropriate leisure practices, which became an integral part of the lifestyle of women scientists. The marginalized position of the first Russian women historians forced them to try to keep being involved in social interactions. For this purpose, they sought to consolidate professional acquaintances at informal evenings, where it was possible to understand the unwritten rules of conduct and corporate norms of the academic environment. That said, the real joy for women was the presence of personal space in which they could devote themselves to the scientific process—engaging in fruitful research work.
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VICKERMAN, KEITH. "“Not a very nice subject.” Changing views of parasites and parasitology in the twentieth century." Parasitology 136, no. 12 (August 7, 2009): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009990825.
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SUMMARYThe man in-the-street who frequently asks the question “Why am I here?” finds even more difficulty with the question “Why are parasites here?” The public's distaste for parasites (and by implication, for parasitologists!) is therefore understandable, as maybe was the feeling of early 20th century biologists that parasites were a puzzle because they did not conform to the then widely held association between evolution and progress, let alone the reason why a benevolent Creator should have created them. In mid-century, the writer, contemplating a career in parasitology was taken aback when he found that extolled contemporary biologists disdained parasites or thought little of parasitology as an intellectual subject. These attitudes reflected a lack of appreciation of the important role of parasites in generating evolutionary novelty and speciation, also unawareness of the value of parasite life-cycle studies for formulating questions of wider significance in biology, deficiencies which were gratifyingly beginning to be remedied in the latter half of the century.
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Hedo, Anna, and Anastasia Kaluzhyna. "CITY REVIEW: KYIV BY PAGES OF THE MEMORIAL HERITAGE OF SCIENTISTS (20–30s, 20TH CENTURY)." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 1 (2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2019.1.15.
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In scientific research on the basis of analytical and synthetic criticism of the memoirs of Ukrainian scientists S. Yefremov, M. Hrushevskyi, K. Kharlampovych, A. Krymskyi, N. Polonska-Vasylenko is made an attempt to analyze the daily life of the scientific elite in the conditions of the establishment of Soviet power and to trace the influence of cultural transformations and the scientific atmosphere of Kyiv of 20–30s of the 20th century on the socio-legal status of scientists and their further destiny.In the brutal conditions of the Soviet system writing letters and memoirs, it was the only way of expressing a person of intellectual work that could not accept the loss of a sovereign right on free labor.Soviet propaganda had created an attractive image of Kyiv as an All-Union scientific center, attracting more and more attention to VUAN as the only institution capable of meeting the intellectual requirements of scholars. Dozens of emigre scholars had believed in the demagogy of the Bolsheviks, made a fateful step in their lives back to their homeland, because crossed the Soviet border was difficult to remain a rebellious person with preserved principles and views on morality, without losing their own lives. However, in such conditions there were people who, despite all the obstacles, tried to serve the Ukrainian people as long as possible in the bosom of science, to preserve its identity and historical heritage at the cost of their own lives. With the establishment of Soviet power, the Bolsheviks tried to "re-educate" and conquer the scientific elite as the main generator of democratic and national ideas for a totalitarian system. On the way to this goal, the Soviet authorities used any methods, starting with material domestic pressure, and ending with open repressions against the scientific elite of Kyiv, in order to destroying its authority as a sociocultural phenomenon. The result of this policy was a sharp decline in living standards and productivity of Ukrainian scientists, numerous repressions against so-called "bourgeois nationalists" as a symbol of the impoverishment of the Ukrainian idea. Thus, the transformation of the cultural and scientific atmosphere of Kyiv under the influence of the Soviet ideology turned it from the All-Union scientific center into the city of thousands of ruined fates.
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Tătaru-Cazaban, Bogdan. "Encountering the Other. André Scrima’s Hermeneutics of Spiritual Hospitality." Religions 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13080671.
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A key figure in the ecumenical dialogue in the second half of the 20th Century, Fr André Scrima was also involved in the academic and interreligious life in Lebanon as a co-founder of the Institut d’Études Islamo-Chrétiennes at St.-Joseph Catholic University. In his courses, articles, and occasional papers, he developed a hermeneutical method to study the diversity of religious traditions, especially of the three Monotheisms, and to make possible the encounter with the religious otherness. This article aimed to shed light on hospitality as a hermeneutical category and spiritual practice in Scrima’s thought, having as a background Louis Massignon’s intellectual and mystical perspective on the relations between Christianity and Islam.
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CHENG, FANGYI. "The Evolution of “Sinicisation”." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 31, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186320000681.
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AbstractThis paper traces the history and usage of the theory of Sinicisation in western and Chinese scholarship, and discusses the intellectual trends underlying the different discourses in which the theory has been adopted. Since early 20th Century, the theory of “Sinicisation” has evolved and was adopted into three distinct historiographical discourses to construct different arguments. The first discourse is about the historical acculturation of border peoples and assimilation of domestic peoples to Chinese language, culture and economic life; the second one argues an inherent superiority in Chinese culture specifically produced cultural change across eastern Eurasia to promote nationalism; the third discourse emphasizes the diversity and mixture of the people living inside historical and contemporary China to construct and stabilise the polity. Every discourse rooted in its own intellectual trend, and also faces different criticism. Followed with examining criticisms of Sinicisation since the 1950s, this paper concludes by discussing the relationships of the three discourses of Sinicisation.
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Киселева, М. С. "Historicism and the beginning of interdisciplinarity in the intellectual history of the 19th – early 20th century human being in time." Диалог со временем, no. 77(77) (November 29, 2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.77.77.003.
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В статье исследуется становление междисциплинарности в интеллектуальной истории XIX – начала ХХ в. Методологическим основанием историзма этого периода, соединяющего различные области исторических, филологических, социальных наук и психологии, стала идея связи человека со временем его жизни и рефлексивно со временем культуры и социума (концепт «человек во времени»). Философия абсолютного идеализма Гегеля принимала человека только как «чистую» природу, как рациональность. Показана трансформация понимания человека от «великого характера» в гегелевской философии истории к человеку времени ренессансной культуры Я. Буркхардта, сверхчеловеку будущего в философии Ф. Ницше и к целостному человеку во времени социума и культуры в науках о духе В. Дильтея. При всем различии трех концепций выявлено сходство методологических оснований в установлении связи человека со временем его жизни и историческим временем культуры и в принятии идеи человека как фундаментальной для различения эпох или типов в истории культуры. Автор считает, что Дильтей дал первый опыт философского обоснования наук о духе как междисциплинарного гуманитарного проекта, в центре которого находилась идея целостного человека времени своего «жизнеосуществления», и определил историзм как смысл гуманитарного знания в целом. The article examines the formation of interdisciplinary in intellectual history in the 19th – early 20th century. The methodological basis of the historicism of this period, which unites various areas of historical, philological, social sciences and psychology, was the idea of a person's connection with the time of his life and reflexively with the time of culture and society (the concept of “human being in time”). Historicism of the philosophy of absolute idealism by G.V.F. Hegel accepted human being only as "pure" nature, as rationality. In the 1860s at the University of Basel J. Burckhardt, F. Nietzsche and W. Dilthey developed the idea of human being in time in the history of culture, philosophy and hermeneutics. The transformation of understanding of a person is traced from a "great character" in Hegel's philosophy of history to a person of the time of the Renaissance culture developed by Burckhardt, to the Übermensch of the future in the philosophy of Nietzsche and to an integral person in the time of society and culture in the sciences of the spirit of Dilthey. The present study reveals the similarity of methodological foundations of the three concepts in establishing a connection between a person with the time of his life and the historical time of culture; and in accepting that the idea of man was fundamental for distinguishing between eras or types in the history of culture. The author believes that Dilthey was the first to produce philosophical substantiation for the sciences of the spirit as the basis of an interdisciplinary humanitarian project, in the center of which is the idea of a whole person of the time of his "life-fulfillment", аnd defined historicism as the meaning of humanitarian knowledge in general.
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Pushkareva,, N. L., and O. I. Sekenova. "“DOING HOUSEWORK”: DOMESTIC WORKERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE OF WOMEN-HISTORIANS OF THE 1ST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(51) (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-5-15.
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The article focuses on the practices used by the first Russian women-historians in the 1st half of the 20th century to reconcile the main job, i.e. academic researches, and the domestic chores. Based on ego-documents (diaries, memoirs and personal letters), the authors try to reconstruct the main principles and strategies that successful Russian women-historians used for managing their various professional and home duties. The article also analyzes the practices of interaction between women-researchers and their maids who helped them to handle household affairs. Before the Great Revolution, nearly all first Russian women-historians were of noble and rich origin (from the families of intellectual Russian nobility). They did not need to take care of money and could spend time not not making a living, but research. Like other women in their position, they used waged labour (cooks, maids, and nannies) to create the conditions for their academic success. The Great Revolution and the Civil War changed the way of life for all the social strata. Those women-historians who chose to stay in their homeland rather than emigrate, had to take care of everyday problems of themselves and their families. Their career became to depend on the opportunity to share the home duties with someone else. When scholars became part of the Soviet elite, using domestic work became a socially upheld behavioral rule. Soviet women-historians hired women from villages who had fled from the collectivization to delegate them their routine domestic chores and to get free time for research and lecturing.
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Ilieva, Boyka. "Olga Gyuzeleva and the Bulgarian Cultural Elite from the Beginning of the 20th Century." Balkanistic Forum 31, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i1.7.
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The name of Olga Gyuzeleva is usually mentioned in connection with the history of the Sofia Opera, as she is among its founders. In addition to being among the few female members of the intellectual elite and a participant in a revolutionary cultural endeavor, fate also connected her with one of the emblematic couples in Bulgarian literature at that time – Pencho Slaveykov and Mara Belcheva. Olga was the woman who left for Brunate in the spring of 1912 to share with Mara Belcheva the hardest months after the death of the poet. Olga Gyuzeleva was the youngest of the four daughters in the family of Stephanie Gyuzeleva and Ivan Gyuzelev. Similarly to her sister, she graduated in Dresden with a degree in music. After her return to Bulgaria, she devoted herself to versatile cultural activities - an opera singer, an actress, a pianist, a teacher, and an interpreter. In 1910 or 1911, Gyuzeleva married Major Krastyu Angelov – one of Mara Belcheva’s brothers. Valuable information about her life and activity is found in her personal archive, which has not been explored yet. In the 1917/1918 season, she was a full-time actress in the National Theatre, performing parties in the operas of Gounod, Bizet, Verdi, etc. At the same time, she was teaching private solo singing and piano lessons in Sofia and Varna. In 1925, she was wounded during the terrorist attack on St. Nedelya Church. She died lonely at the age of 91 in a nursing home in Kazanlak.
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Pshenychnyi, T. "THE ROLE OF THE UKRAINIAN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE NATIONAL EDUCATION OF SOCIETY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 138 (2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.138.13.
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An integral part of society's life was and remains the church. Ukrainian church space was built on the heritage of generations and subsequently could become an integral element of the national revival of the Ukrainian people. In the twentieth century, it was clearly represented by the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which was able to become the center of the national movement and the creator of the national intellectual elite, a promoter of justice in Soviet times. This article is devoted to the mission of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Ukrainian society, the activities of its clergy and bishops in preserving the national identity of the Ukrainian people.
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Scott, David J. "Small-angle scattering and the protein crystallographer: A relationship of ever-increasing interest." Biochemist 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03601044.
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Protein crystallography is one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th Century, and it continues to open up new vistas of research as scientists are able to visualize in exquisite detail the molecules of Life. It has become increasingly apparent, however, that not all proteins are amenable to crystallographic analysis. These include (but are not confined to) proteins with functional flexible segments, glycoproteins and intrinsically disordered proteins. There are also proteins that, although rigid and folded, refuse to crystallize as an entire full-length construct, and hence high-resolution information has to be pieced together domain by domain. It is into this space that small-angle scattering is increasingly being used as the technique of choice with regard to attainable structural information.
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D. Vurdelja, Jovana. "NARCISSISTIC CULTURE – SOCIAL ANOMALY OR NORM?" Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу 12, no. 24 (December 30, 2021): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21618/fil2124389v.
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Based on the book of Christopher Lasch, The culture of narcissism (American life in the age of diminishing expectations), by exploring narcissism as a clinical as well as growing civilisational and social phenomenon in the context of metaphor of the human condition, this paper problematises a cultural crisis of the American society in the second half of the 20th century, eroded by corrosive decadence and atrophied intellectual and moral standards along with cultural values diagnosed as narcissistic. Crucial symptoms of the observed pathological changes in the cultural and social climate are also articulated with special reference to the transition from the erosion of standards to the apotheosis of individualism and solipsism. At the same time, the expansion of narcissistic ideology in the 21st century is considered in the form of reflection in today's selfie culture, as well as the fact that narcissistic personality disorder should no longer be considered a psychological deviation, but rather a dominant social norm, which implies a new narcissistic conformism.
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Ларионов, Александр, and Наталья Богдановна Ларионова. "Panagiotes K. Chrestou (1917-1995): Patrologist, Theologian, Political Figure." Метафраст, no. 2(4) (September 15, 2020): 147–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/metafrast.2020.4.008.
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В настоящей публикации представлен обзор жизни и научной деятельности одного из крупнейших православных учёных Греции XX в. - Панайотиса К. Христу. Профессор Фессалоникийского университета им. Аристотеля, министр образования Греческой Республики, сотрудник Вселенской Патриархии, исследователь, переводчик и издатель святоотеческих текстов, патролог - далеко не полный перечень должностей и видов деятельности, которые занимал и которым всецело посвятил себя П. Христу. Помимо биографии греческого профессора в статье представлена попытка показать его вклад в развитие православной науки в Греции, основанный на ознакомлении греческих богословских школ с наследием богословов русской эмиграции. This publication provides an overview of the life and scientifi activities of Panagiotes K. Chrestou, one of the great Orthodox scientists in Greece in the 20th century. Professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Minister of Education of the Hellenic Republic, employee of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, researcher, translator and publisher of patristic texts, patrologist - thisis not a complete list of positions and activities that P. К. Chrestou occupied and devoted himself entirely to. The article presents the biography of the Greek professor, and also makes an attempt to assess his contribution to the development of Orthodox science in Greece and familiarization of Greek theological schools with the legacy of theologians of the Russian emigration.
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Ivanenko, Valentyn. "The Figure of the Historian on the Background of the Era (Professor K. I. Poznyakovʼs Intellectual Portrait)." Roxolania Historĭca = Historical Roxolania 2 (December 28, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/30190206.
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On the basis of the own memoirs and observations it is considered some plot lines of life and creative biography of K.I. Poznyakov – Dnipropetrovsk professor of history, Honored Worker of the High Schoolof the Ukrainian SSR. An attempt is made to distinguish the most characteristic and peculiar facets of the scientist outstanding personality, emphasizing his long-term and constructive interaction with colleagues of the local classical university, which was always for him (as for a graduate of the historical faculty) not only Alma mater, but also a source of constant intellectual inspiration and growth for almost all conscious life. It is emphasized that the researcher left a significant scientific heritage in the area of the history of the Civil War of 1918–1920 and other problems of the national past, occupying a prominent place in the historiographical process of the second half of the 20th century. He was a high-class professional, authoritative organizer of science and education in the higher educational establishments of Pridniprovʼya, a wise mentor, a wonderful lecturer-speaker, a harmoniously integral, decent, modest man, with his values and ideals in the spirit of the then communist representations in the USSR.
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Romanov, Aleksey Alekseyevich, and Marina Alekseevna Zakharishcheva. "Ideas of experimental pedagogy and pedagogical psychology in Russia and Kazakhstan." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103016.
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The article draws attention to the sphere of historical and pedagogical knowledge. Being a product of the development of human society, it lies at the core of contemporary and future pedagogical culture. The mature conventional wisdom helps people to forge their own path in the modern world, to determine their self-identification and the prospects for their personal growth. The historical heritage of the first half of the 20th century, rich in invariant ideas, scientific and pedagogical experience, is viewed here by means of its inclusion in the construction of all spheres of life in modern Russia and Kazakhstan, including the development of pedagogy and psychology. The article reveals the stages of scientific activity of the outstanding teacher and psychologist A.P. Nechaev, characterizing the main milestones and dynamics of the formation of domestic experimental pedagogy at the beginning of the 20th century. It highlights the scholar’s ideas about syndromic psychology, holistic, mental and moral development of the personality, which are relevant even today. The research is based on conceptual ideas of dialogical pedagogy, problem-personalistic approach, retrospective, comparative historical and historical-phenomenological methods. Experimental pedagogy as a phenomenon of the early 20th century ceased to exist without quite exhausting its capabilities, but it laid the foundation for and determined the strategic development direction of child psychology, pedagogical psychology, genetic psychology, childhood ethnography, differential psychology and differential psychophysiology, and the experiment became a sturdy part of the scholarly apparatus of pedagogy and psychology. The potential of experimental pedagogy made it possible to pose and solve large-scale issues of creating a new school, scientific and pedagogical centers, finding solutions to a wide range of psychological and pedagogical problems, designing research schools that develop natural science, psychological and pedagogical problems of education and upbringing. The invariant ideas of this direction of moral, mental and intellectual development of students are also relevant at the beginning of the 21st century and can be used in the practice of contemporary school education.
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Robbins-Panko, Jessica. "THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY HISTORIES OF ACTIVE AGING IN POLAND." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2650.
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Abstract In contemporary Poland, Universities of the Third Age are the most visible institutional forms of active aging. These lifelong-learning institutions that are specifically for retirees often cultivate ideals of independence through workshops and classes that teach new, and potentially transformative, skills and hobbies (Kobylarek, 2018). Universities of the Third Age in Poland emerged out of the fields of andragogy, pedagogy, and social work, fields that have regional intellectual roots in the late 19th/early 20th-century presocialist era, and are based on radically different ideals of personhood, relationality, and care than those of the contemporary postsocialist neoliberal era (Robbins, 2021). This paper analyzes 1) historical data from institutional archives of two Universities of the Third Age in Poland, and 2) secondary sources on histories of andragogy, pedagogy, and social work, to create a locally grounded intellectual history of active aging in central and eastern Europe. The Polish case offers an opportunity to think across divergent political-economic eras, in which assumptions about the value of a person to society have shifted. By tracing how the fields of andragogy, pedagogy, and social work have shaped active aging in Poland, this paper finds that 1) dichotomies of East/West, socialist/capitalist, and individual/collective are insufficient to explain the history of contemporary practices of active aging, and 2) intellectual history can reveal complex relations between political-economic change, and ideals and practices of aging. These findings have implications for advancing gerontological theories of 1) active aging in cross-cultural contexts, and 2) how active aging relates to sociopolitical change.
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Nazar, Shabana, and Abdul Rehman Saifee. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/147." Habibia Islamicus 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2020.0402a04.
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The Life History of “ Jurji Zaydan ”, His Personality and His landmark services in the Arabic Language and its Literature generally and History of Islam and Arabic Literature particularly are enlightened in this paper. He was a famous Arab Historian, Author, Writer, Novelist, Journalist, Linguist and Interpreter of Modern Period. His works of Arabic History and Arabic Literature were revolutionary. He is a great Novelist in this Modern Period. He wrote several books on History of Islam & Arabic Literature and a series of Novels on Big personalities of Islam, which serve the purpose of a resource and authentic materials. People from all walks of life can find his books as a resource to access due to the intellectual and authentic information they carry. He is not only a famous Historian, but He is a famous Writer and a great Novelist of 20th Century, Who wrote a series of Islamic Historical Novels. Thus, this paper is the depiction of Jurji Zaydan’s life history, his services, his books, Novels especially introduction of Novel ‘Azra-o-Quresh’ for the facilitation of upcoming researchers.
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ARKUSHA, Olena. "«Do you require our responsibility to gentry times?». Ukrainian intellectuals’ of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century opinions about the role of the heritage of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth in the creation of modern ukrainian nation." Ukraine-Poland: Historical Heritage and Public Consciousness 11 (2018): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/up.2018-11-27-55.
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European historiography changed considerably during the nineteenth century. Formation of historical source study as a separate science, on the one hand, and awareness of the connection between the historical narrative of the past with political interests, on the other hand, gave impetus to the writing of historical works on national history, the so-called grand narratives. They relied on historical sources, but chose what served the actual political interests, and ignored or interpreted otherwise what they did not fit. The territorial organization of living space has become a priority task of national development in the nineteenth century, and the recognition of land, borders, and people as own should have been historically grounded. The difficulty for Ukrainians was that the traces of Ukrainian-Russ statehood were lost in ancient times, while the neighbors, primarily Russians and Poles, tried to draw both the territory and the past of Ukraine into their own concepts of the creation of modern nation. The creation of the Ukrainian grand narrative was influenced by external factors: the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the collapse of its once unified political, cultural and intellectual space, and the policy of the Russian authorities, aimed to separate «Little Rus’» from western civilization. Russian censorship successfully removed memory of Polish-Ukrainian ties from historical works and replaced it with the image of the invading Poles. The traumatic, post-war experience, idealization of images of Cossack soldiers was the favorable ground for this. As a result, in Ukrainian historical grand narrative the «Polish-Lithuanian» period was interpreted as an external occupation, a break in the «correct» history of Ukraine. The whole complex of everyday life, cultural and political influences of Ukrainians in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth remained beyond history. Its main content was recognized by the Polish-Ukrainian conflicts. The views on the legacy of the Commonwealth in the Ukrainian society of the nineteenth century can also be analyzed from the perspective of the intellectual biographies of their creators and take into account the experience of relations with the Poles, the private image and repression of the Russian government. An unbiased rethinking by professional historians of the past of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the point of view of the interactions of various cultural spaces in the nineteenth century was not a matter of time. Keywords Ukrainian-Polish relations in the nineteenth century, Ukrainian-Russian relations in the nineteenth century, Ukrainian historiography of the nineteenth century, intellectual biography, cultural and intellectual heritage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Sperber, Nathan. "The many lives of state capitalism: From classical Marxism to free-market advocacy." History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 3 (July 2019): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118815553.
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State capitalism has recently come to the fore as a transversal research object in the social sciences. Renewed interest in the notion is evident across several disciplines, in scholarship addressing government interventionism in economic life in major developing countries. This emergent field of study on state capitalism, however, consistently bypasses the remarkable conceptual trajectory of the notion from the end of the 19th century to the present. This article proposes an intellectual-historical survey of state capitalism’s many lives across different ensembles of writing: early Marxist pronouncements on state capitalism at the time of the Second International; theories of state capitalism evolved in the first half of the 20th century in response to the European experience of war and fascism; dissident portrayals of the Soviet Union as state-capitalist; post-Second World War theories of state-monopoly capitalism in the Western Bloc; examinations of state capitalism as a development strategy in ‘Third World’ nations in the 1970s and 1980s; and finally, today’s scholarship on new patterns of state capitalism in emerging economies. Having contextualized each of these strands of writing, the article goes on to interrogate definitional and conceptual boundaries of state capitalism. It then maps out essential institutional features of state-capitalist configurations as construed in the literature. In sharp contrast to 20th-century theories of state capitalism, present-day scholarship on the topic tends to retreat from the integrated critique of political economy, shifting its problematics of state-market relations to meso- and micro-levels of analysis.
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Sirel, Ayşe. "Reflection of Paradigm Changein Information Technology to Library Architecture: The Helsinki Oodi Library." Architecture and Urban Planning 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2021-0012.
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Abstract Since the late-20th century, there has been a transition from an industrial society to an ‘information network society’. ‘The production, organization and dissemination of knowledge’ began to change rapidly at the start of the 21st century, whereas this situation was met by the more effective search, use and evaluation of all kinds of information by library users. This work has focused on how the paradigm shift in information technology differentiates the functions and architecture of the 21st century ‘next-gen’ libraries from the traditional sort. Constituting the sample area of the study, the Oodi Library and its architectural features was examined within the context of ‘new architectural design criteria’, such as accessibility, symbolism, spatial organization, access to collections, self-study and integration, both in situ and by means of literature research. In research, it was observed that libraries need to be designed in line with new architectural design criteria, keeping the digitalization of information and integrating new information technologies in the forefront. The paradigm shift in information technology with digitalization has been the catalyst that transforms the libraries of the 21st century into centres of intellectual life, while reinforcing their role as a symbol of education, equality, transparency and civilization.
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Tostões, Ana. "High Density and the Investigations in Collective Form." High Density, no. 50 (2014): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.a.ecsq8myj.
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The debates that followed the World Design Conference (WoDeCo, Tokyo, 1960) on the search for a “total Image for the 20th Century” pointed out among worldwide designers, architects and planners, viewpoints and intellectual ideas concerning the future of the city, particularly in the wake of technological and scientific advancement in industry. At the time of the WoDeCo, progressive architects formed the “Metabolism” group and proposed their concepts for dealing with the increasing complexity of the cities rising. Debating over the ideal city and promoting a kind of experimental architecture based on ideas of life styles and communities for a new era, its biological name suggests that buildings and cities should be designed in the same organic way that the material substance of a natural organism propagates adapting to its environment by changing its forms in rapid succession.