Relevant bibliographies by topics / Greater Toronto Region

Academic literature on the topic 'Greater Toronto Region'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Greater Toronto Region"

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Stein, David Lewis. "The Oak Ridges Moraine: A story of nature in the Greater Toronto Urban Region." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426236.

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The author, retired urban affairs columnist for the Toronto Star, is currently an Adjunct Professor in the Urban Studies Program at Innis College, University of Toronto. He is working on a book about the evolution of Toronto as a global city and a novel about the inner working of Toronto politics. The text that follows was written by Professor Stein after attending the international symposion on 'The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Üçoğlu, Murat, Roger Keil, and Seyfi Tomar. "Contagion in the Markets? Covid-19 and Housing in the Greater Toronto Area." Built Environment 47, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.3.355.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has had crucial impacts on housing markets as working from home has become a new normal for certain economic groups. In this paper, we analyse the specific role the pandemic played in worsening the ongoing housing affordability crisis in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The GTA has, in fact, been experiencing a housing crisis since the early 2000s. In this paper, we argue that this continuing affordability crisis stems from the economic growth model that was embraced in the late 1990s, and we discuss why the existing market-oriented housing model has failed. The economic growth model of the Toronto region depends on the convergence of the financialization of housing and massive suburbanization. Because of this, the new wave of suburbanization that has accelerated with the outbreak of Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon for the GTA. In the final analysis, we also illustrate that the ongoing Covid-related-suburbanization in the GTA has deepened the housing crisis as the region continues to be less and less affordable.
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Milne, Robert J., Lorne P. Bennett, and Paul J. Harpley. "Contributions of landscape ecology, multifunctionality and wildlife research toward sustainable forest management in the Greater Toronto Area." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82403-3.

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Forested lands in southern Ontario are threatened by a myriad of demands. In order to capture the multi-scale, multi-use and multifunction reality of forests within such intense human-nature interdependent landscapes, an integrative approach to sustainable forest management is necessary. Such forest management may be possible by combining the framework of landscape ecology with an understanding of forest multifunctionality. Within the Greater Toronto Area, the management of forests is provided by several agencies; some are responsible for 1) geological landscapes (e.g., the Niagara Escarpment), 2) for watersheds (e.g., Conservation Authorities) and 3) for political regions (e.g., York Region). In this paper, case studies reflecting important management issues are introduced. Wildlife research is then presented to link these issues to landscape ecology and forest multifunctionality in order to illustrate a means of enhancing sustainable forest management. Key words: landscape ecology, multifunctionality, multifunctional approach, sustainable forest management, Greater Toronto Area, wildlife function, integrative forest management
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Sahely, Halla R., Shauna Dudding, and Christopher A. Kennedy. "Estimating the urban metabolism of Canadian cities: Greater Toronto Area case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-105.

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An urban metabolism analysis is a means of quantifying the overall fluxes of energy, water, material, and wastes into and out of an urban region. Analysis of urban metabolism can provide important information about energy efficiency, material cycling, waste management, and infrastructure in urban systems. This paper presents the first urban metabolism of a Canadian urban region, and possibly the first for a North American city. It also makes a first attempt at comparing the urban metabolisms of a few cities worldwide. The most noticeable feature of the Greater Toronto Area metabolism is that inputs have generally increased at higher rates than outputs over the study years (1987 and 1999). The inputs of water and electricity have increased marginally less than the rate of population growth (25.6%), and estimated inputs for food and gasoline have increased by marginally greater percentages than the population. With the exception of CO2 emissions, the measured output parameters are growing slower than the population; residential solid wastes and wastewater loadings have actually decreased in absolute terms over the 12 year period from 1987 to 1999.Key words: urban metabolism, urban sustainability, Canadian cities, materials, food, water and energy consumption, waste outputs.
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Gharabaghi, B., A. Fata, T. Van Seters, R. P. Rudra, G. MacMillan, D. Smith, J. Y. Li, A. Bradford, and G. Tesa. "Evaluation of sediment control pond performance at construction sites in the Greater Toronto Area." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-074.

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Receiving water quality concerns associated with increased construction activities in recent years in the Greater Toronto Area has prompted the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) to evaluate design criteria for sediment control ponds employed during the construction period. Stormwater management ponds located in the towns of Richmond Hill and Markham were monitored to obtain stormwater runoff quantity and influent-effluent quality data during site development. The ponds were designed and constructed in accordance with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Stormwater management planning and design manual 2003 for an enhanced level of protection (i.e., 80% total suspended solids removal). A hydrodynamic and sediment-transport model was used to examine the effect of pond geometry on sediment removal efficiency under varying storm events. The monitoring data and the modelling results clearly demonstrate the importance of proper pond size and geometry design. This paper focuses on the effect of the ratio of pond length to pond width in minimizing the short-circuiting effect and improvement of the sediment removal efficiency of stormwater management ponds. The results of this study will be useful in updating the design criteria for stormwater management ponds.Key words: stormwater, management, pond, design, sediment.
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Granek, Fred, and Meenaz Hassanali. "The Toronto Region Sustainability Program: insights on the adoption of pollution prevention practices by small to medium-sized manufacturers in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)." Journal of Cleaner Production 14, no. 6-7 (January 2006): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.07.008.

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Moos, Markus. "Urban Planning and the Suburbs: Solutions for Sustainability from the Edges." Urban Planning 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i4.1794.

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This thematic issue of Urban Planning includes five articles that engage critically with the debates regarding the sustainability of suburbs. Contributions include a long-term perspective of the persistence of automobile-based planning and culture in Canada; an assessment of transportation modes among high-rise condominium apartment residents in Toronto’s outer suburbs; an evaluation of policy prescribed social-mix in France’s banlieues; a study of hyper-diversity in Peel Region in the Greater Toronto Area, which positions suburbs as centers of diversity; and an analysis of how the implementation and governance of new urbanist designs in three US communities has generally failed to achieve social objectives. The articles put into question the common approach of implementing suburban sustainability policy via urbanization and social mix. Together, the contributions point to the need for more stringent restrictions on automobile use, enhanced transit service in the suburbs, emphasis on bottom-up, community-driven policy-making, recognition of multiple dimensions of diversity, and strong political leadership to drive sustainability policy forward.
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Rincón, Daniela, Usman Khan, and Costas Armenakis. "Flood Risk Mapping Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Greater Toronto Area Case Study." Geosciences 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080275.

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Given the increase in flood events in recent years, accurate flood risk assessment is an important component of flood mitigation in urban areas. This research aims to develop updated and accurate flood risk maps in the Don River Watershed within the Great Toronto Area (GTA). The risk maps use geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis along with the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process methods to define and quantify the optimal selection of weights for the criteria that contribute to flood risk. The flood hazard maps were generated for four scenarios, each with different criteria (S1, S2, S3, and S4). The base case scenario (S1) is the most accurate, since it takes into account the floodplain map developed by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. It also considers distance to streams (DS), height above nearest drainage (HAND), slope (S), and the Curve Number (CN). S2 only considers DS, HAND, and CN, whereas S3 considers effective precipitation (EP), DS, HAND, and S. Lastly, S4 considers total precipitation (TP), DS, HAND, S, and CN. In addition to the flood hazard, the social and economic vulnerability was included to determine the total flood vulnerability in the watershed under three scenarios; the first one giving a higher importance to the social vulnerability, the second one giving equal importance to both social and economic vulnerability, and the third one giving more importance to the economic vulnerability. The results for each of the four flood scenarios show that the flood risk generated for S2 is the most similar to the base case (S1), followed by S3 and S4. The inclusion of social and economic vulnerability highlights the impacts of floods that are typically ignored in practice. It will allow watershed managers to make more informed decisions for flood mitigation and protection. The most important outcome of this research is that by only using the digital elevation model, the census data, the streams, land use, and soil type layers, it is possible to obtain a reliable flood risk map (S2) using a simplified method as compared to more complex flood risk methods that use hydraulic and hydrological models to generate flood hazard maps (as was the case for S1).
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Stratton, J., D. L. Mowat, R. Wilkins, and M. Tjepkema. "Income disparities in life expectancy in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, Ontario." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 32, no. 4 (September 2012): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.32.4.05.

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Introduction To understand the lack of a gradient in mortality by neighbourhood income in a previous study, we used individual-level data from the 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study to examine income-related disparities in life expectancy and probability of survival to age 75 years in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel. Methods We calculated period life tables for each sex and income adequacy quintile, overall and separately for immigrants and non-immigrants. Results For all cohort members of both sexes, including both immigrants and non-immigrants, there was a clear gradient across the income quintiles, with higher life expectancy in each successively richer quintile. However, the disparities by income were much greater when the analysis was restricted to non-immigrants. The lesser gradient for immigrants appeared to reflect the higher proportion of recent immigrants in the lower income quintiles. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of using individual-level ascertainment of income whenever possible, and of including immigrant status and period of immigration in assessments of health outcomes, especially for areas with a high proportion of immigrants.
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Stroud, Craig, Shuzhan Ren, Junhua Zhang, Michael Moran, Ayodeji Akingunola, Paul Makar, Rodrigo Munoz-Alpizar, et al. "Chemical Analysis of Surface-Level Ozone Exceedances during the 2015 Pan American Games." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060572.

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Surface-level ozone (O3) continues to be a significant health risk in the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area (GTHA) of Canada even though precursor emissions in the area have decreased significantly over the past two decades. In July 2015, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) led an intensive field study coincident with Toronto hosting the 2015 Pan American Games. During the field study, the daily 1-h maximum O3 standard (80 ppbv) was exceeded twice at a measurement site in North Toronto, once on July 12 and again on July 28. In this study, ECCC’s 2.5-km configuration of the Global Environmental Multi-scale (GEM) meteorological model was combined with the Modelling Air-quality and CHemistry (MACH) on-line atmospheric chemistry model and the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban surface parameterization to create a new urban air quality modelling system. In general, the model results showed that the nested 2.5-km grid-spaced urban air quality model performed better in statistical scores compared to the piloting 10-km grid-spaced GEM-MACH model without TEB. Model analyses were performed with GEM-MACH-TEB for the two exceedance periods. The local meteorology for both cases consisted of light winds with the highest O3 predictions situated along lake-breeze fronts. For the July 28 case, O3 production sensitivity analysis along the trajectory of the lake-breeze circulation showed that the region of most efficient O3 production occurred in the updraft region of the lake-breeze front, as the precursors to O3 formation underwent vertical mixing. In this updraft region, the ozone production switches from volatile organic compound (VOC)-sensitive to NOx-sensitive, and the local net O3 production rate reaches a maximum. This transition in the chemical regime is a previously unidentified factor for why O3 surface-level mixing ratios maximize along the lake-breeze front. For the July 12 case, differences between the model and observed Lake Ontario water temperature and the strength of lake-breeze opposing wind flow play a role in differences in the timing of the lake-breeze, which impacts the predicted location of the O3 maximum north of Toronto.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Greater Toronto Region"

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Ciesielski, Linda C. (Linda Claire). "From waterfront to watershed : mapping a big idea in the Greater Toronto Region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63237.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-155).
Today, Toronto is revered among Great Lakes' and waterfront cities for its environmental planning: its massive re-investment in water and stormwater infrastructure; protected headwaters of the region's rivers; realized waterfront plans; and more swimmable beaches. Twenty years ago, the Metro area was designated a hotspot of pollution, the waterfront was marked with vacant brownfields, while rampant development grew from the city's edge. This thesis explores how Toronto transformed its relationship to water and Lake Ontario by examining the work and legacy of a federal and provincial inquiry into the Future of Toronto's Waterfront. While the Royal Commission's inquiry concluded nearly twenty years ago, its impact and legacy on regional planning appears embedded in the Toronto's planning today. The Commission advanced an ecologically-based approach to planning by using the established interest in the waterfront to leverage concerns for the region's watershed. The process of the Commission inquiry served as a vehicle for garnering public support and political will for policy change. The Commission's pragmatic approach to resolving growth and development pressures alongside environmental concerns strengthened its appeal, and contributed to the adoption of many of the Commission's recommendations at the federal, provincial and municipal level. The Commission's work led to significant land use and policy reform in the early 1990s, under the Liberal and New Democratic Parties. However, these policies were rescinded under a change in federal and provincial power in 1995. They were later re-adopted in the early-to-mid 2000s. Today, the language and ideas first presented by the Commission appear to resonate to a certain degree in the region's and province's planning policies. While certain unique circumstances of Toronto and the Commission distinguish it from other cities and regions, these exceptions do not detract from the fact that the Commission's ecosystem and watershed solution for the region was exceptionally strong and persuasive. The Commission's cohesive presentation of its ecological strategy largely resonated with the public and politicians, leveraging policy change. The Commission's plan warrants attention as an important case study for cities on the Great Lakes and waterfronts.
by Linda C. Ciesielski.
M.C.P.
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Mir, Mosharef Ali. "Multisensor satellite data and GIS for landuse/land-cover mapping and change detection in the rural-urban fringe of the Greater Toronto Area." 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR00974.

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Thesis (M. Sc.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Geography.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-172). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR00974.
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Tinney, Jonathan. "Decline and growth in great Canadian cities : an analysis of changing population distribution in the Greater Toronto region from 1991-2001." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15724.

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The macro-growth of Canada's cities has been well documented in the media and in scholarly journals in recent years. What has not been discussed to the same degree however, is the pattern that emerges across individual regions when growth is mapped at a smaller scale. By looking at population and density changes at the micro-scale, this analysis looks to capture the distribution of population change that occurred within the borders of Canada's largest metropolitan region over the 1990s. Through the use of census tract-level data for the Toronto CMA collected by Statistics Canada during the years 1991 and 2001 this analysis looks to provide a detailed snapshot of the geography of population changes in the Greater Toronto Area during the 1990s, and document changes in the overall form of Toronto's urban structure. The findings of this report show that urban development has tended toward increasing levels of diffusion and decentralization. This poses a number of distinct challenges to regional planning in the region, most notably in terms of the implementation of the Ontario government's Places to Grow plan for the greater Golden Horseshoe Area.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Lewkowicz, PAUL. "Institutional Innovation for Better Skilled Immigrant Labour Market Integration: A Study of the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council (TRIEC)." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1412.

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In this thesis, I undertake a study of skilled immigrant labour market integration in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) by examining the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council (TRIEC). TRIEC is a relatively new governance institution in the Toronto city-region established to address barriers preventing immigrants from gaining meaningful employment in their fields. Barriers include systemic discrimination, lack of credential recognition, and lack of Canadian work experience. TRIEC was created in response to a recommendation from the 2003 Toronto City Summit Alliance (TSCA) report Enough Talk. TRIEC is a multi-stakeholder organization that aims to engage employers to find solutions to address labour market barriers facing skilled immigrants in the GTA. This thesis examines some of these labour market barriers and the work of TRIEC and poses the following research questions: - What are the factors both impeding and facilitating the labour market integration of skilled immigrants in the GTA? - Has the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council model proven effective in terms of its impact on skilled immigrant labour market integration in the GTA? - What are possible solutions for addressing the challenges that impede the labour market integration of skilled immigrants in the GTA? To answer these questions, this thesis draws on insights from immigration geography literature, statistical and policy data, as well as fifty-seven (57) semi-structured interviews with a variety of key stakeholders in the GTA. The results point to TRIEC as a potential model to emulate for other large city-regions facing challenges with respect to labour market integration. In addition to highlighting TRIEC’s advantages, this thesis also provides recommendations at a more general societal level for improving skilled immigrant labour market integration in Canadian city-regions.
Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-06 13:54:23.707
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Books on the topic "Greater Toronto Region"

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Gord, Garland, and Canadian Waterfront Resource Centre, eds. Greater Toronto Region and waterfront: Community overview. [Toronto]: The Commission, 1991.

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Limited, M. M. Dillon. Greater Toronto Area 3Rs analysis: Summary report, Metro Toronto and York Region. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1993.

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Bourne, Larry S. People and places: A portrait of the evolving social character of the greater Toronto region. Toronto, Ont: Dept. of Geography, University of Toronto, 2000.

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Livingstone, Stephen John. Assessment of the impact on Lake Ontario of groundwater contaminant mass loading from a representative region of the Greater Toronto Area. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Van Nostrand, John Cornelius, 1949- and Neptis Foundation, eds. Shaping the Toronto region, past, present, and future: An exploration of the potential effectiveness of changes to planning policies governing greenfield land development in the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Toronto: Neptis Foundation, 2008.

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Force, Ontario GTA Task. Greater Toronto: Report of the GTA Task Force. Toronto: The Task Force, 1996.

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Anne, Golden, ed. Greater Toronto: Report of the GTA Task Force, January 1996. [Toronto]: Queen's Printer, 1996.

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Metropolitan Toronto (Ont.). Planning Dept. Future transportation needs in the Greater Toronto Area: A joint report. [Toronto]: Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto], 1987.

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Frisken, Frances. Planning and servicing the greater Toronto area: The interplay of provincial and municipal interests. North York, Ont: Urban Studies Program, Division of Social Science, York University, 1990.

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Metropolitan Toronto (Ont.). Chief Administrative Officer's Dept. Corporate Planning Division. and Greater Toronto Area Task Force (Ont.), eds. There's no turning back: A proposal for change : submission to the Greater Toronto Area Task Force. [Toronto]: Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, Chief Administrator's Office, Corporate Planning Division, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Greater Toronto Region"

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Chingcuanco, Franco, and Eric J. Miller. "The ILUTE Demographic Microsimulation Model for the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area: Current Operational Status and Historical Validation." In GeoComputational Analysis and Modeling of Regional Systems, 167–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59511-5_10.

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Black, Simon. "In Defense of “Gold-Plated” Child Care." In Unions and the City. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501706547.003.0009.

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This chapter examines contemporary trade union strategies in the greater Toronto area's child care sector, focusing particularly on the ability of child care workers' unions and their community allies to defend high-quality public child care services in a context of neoliberal austerity and a child care system in crisis. In Toronto, the Canadian Union of Public Employee (CUPE) Local 79 successfully fought the privatization of the city's fifty-seven municipal centers, preserving union jobs and child care funding in the process. This case is contrasted with an unsuccessful campaign to stop the closure of municipal centers in the Region of Peel, a suburb of Toronto. Lacking allies in local government, and in the absence of a strong local child care coalition and broader community-based mobilization against austerity, this campaign ultimately failed.
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Polèse, Mario. "Diverging Neighbors." In The Wealth and Poverty of Cities, 111–40. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053710.003.0005.

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This chapter compares Buffalo, New York, and Toronto, Ontario, two urban areas located on the Great Lakes with similar populations (one million) in 1950. Toronto has since passed the six million mark, while Buffalo seems trapped in a seemingly irreversible cycle of economic decline. The diverging destiny of the two cities has many roots (e.g., the St. Lawrence Seaway, the collapse of Big Steel) but invariably sends us back to the different political cultures of the United States and Canada. The government of Ontario stepped in early in the urbanization process to impose a model of metropolitan governance on the Toronto region, with the explicit aim of deterring the emergence of deep social divides, specifically between city and suburb, and ensuring the maintenance of a strong central core. The state of New York did no such thing in Buffalo, for which Buffalo continues to pay a price.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "The Post-Imperial Urban Environment." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0023.

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In this chapter we turn to themes of race, space, environmental justice, and indigenous reassertions in the post-colonial city. We will use as examples: services and urban planning in Singapore; riots in Sydney; and a comparative discussion of parks and public symbols. Although the location of cities had largely been fixed in the colonial period, they were undergoing rapid change by the mid-twentieth century as communities from the surrounding countryside poured into the urban areas. At the beginning of the twentieth century, one tenth of the world’s population lived in cities; by its end more than half did so. In 1900 the ten largest cities were located in Europe and the US, with the exception of Tokyo at seventh. By the early twenty-first century no European urban agglomerations were in this league. The balance shifted from the West to the rest, especially after 1950. Of former colonial cities, Greater Mumbai with about 16 million people, Kolkata (13 million), and Delhi (13 million) were in this group. Mumbai had housed around one million people in 1911. Cities in non-settler states became increasingly dominated, demographically, by the descendants of rural communities from their hinterlands. While English often served as a common medium of communication, regional languages also urbanized with their speakers. Overall, urbanization was linked with rising living standards. But, especially in mega-cities, the gap increased between the rich and overwhelming numbers of urban poor, most of whom were not able to make it into formal employment. Rates of growth in former settler cities were usually less sudden, but they also became increasingly culturally diverse. Canadian cities are one example. The small migrations of indigenous people were only one reason for this. Their increasing multi-ethnicity resulted largely from new sources of global migration: for example, the movement of people from non-British parts of Europe, from the Caribbean, as well as African Americans, Indians, and East Asians. Post-colonial conflict created new diasporas: some of the 80,000 Ugandan Asians expelled by Idi Amin in 1972 went to Canada, and Toronto became home to the single largest population of expatriate Somalis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Greater Toronto Region"

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Paterson, Scott, Craig Sheriff, and James Ferguson. "Metrolinx’s Toronto Electrification Project: Phase 1 — The Engineering Survey." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2319.

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Metrolinx, Toronto’s rail authority currently has 200 engineering projects underway with a value of $16 billion. One of the largest projects is a $4 billion Electrification Project for the Toronto commuter rail lines. In support of the engineering design of the project, in November of 2015 Tulloch Engineering was contracted to provide a complete engineering survey of six Metrolinx railway commuter corridors originating from Union Station in Toronto, Canada. Tulloch used a unique combination of mobile LiDAR, static LiDAR, and conventional infill ground survey to complete the project. LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating that target with a laser light. Using LiDAR technology provided significant advantages to the Electrification Project over using convention ground survey techniques. Metrolinx is a Canadian crown corporation responsible for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area’s GO Transit rail and bus commuter system. GO Transit trains currently carry 190,000 commuters per day. Electrification of Metrolinx GO Transit rail commuter rail corridors requires the upgrading of infrastructure and providing a means of getting the electricity to the trains which includes new electrical substations, overhead power lines and new equipment. The electrification is part of the GO Regional Express Rail program, which will expand the capacity of the GO rail network to provide customers with faster, more frequent and more convenient service to and from dozens of stations in core sections of the GO rail network throughout the day, evenings and weekends. Electrification is planned for most of Metrolinx commuter rail corridors by 2022–2024. The engineering technical and program management consultant for the Electrification Project is Gannett Fleming. An initial requirement for Metrolinx Electrification project is an up to date engineering survey to enable the preliminary engineering design. Our survey project involves surveying approximately 170 miles of railway corridor for 6 GO Transit tracks originating from Union Station in downtown Toronto. Our mobile LiDAR survey system was mounted on a GO Transit hi-rail truck; with most of the surveying occurring at night due to the heavy train traffic and since LiDAR is an active sensor. Tulloch provided a unique hybrid surveying approach, using mobile LiDAR surveying to collect all the visible features in the corridor, followed by conventional ground surveys to fill in missing features obscured from the LiDAR system’s field of view and static LiDAR surveys for some of the bridges inaccessible with mobile LiDAR. This is the first time Metrolinx has contracted an engineering survey using these multiple survey technologies. This survey approach reduces delivery timelines, limits track disruptions, and greatly improves safety. A major advantage of mobile LiDAR surveying for the GO-Transit rail corridors is that collection can occur at night when train activity is low and in a fraction of the time it takes to survey using conventional ground crews. This enabled project schedules to be advanced, as base mapping was completed in about 60% of the normal time required for the engineering survey. Using mobile scanning on the tracks reduced safety risks associated with on track field surveys. In addition, the resultant LiDAR point cloud can be revisited in the office, and additional features and critical information picked up without having to send field crews back to do so. The homogeneous nature of the point cloud, combined with the conventional in-fill survey provides a rich, full feature data set that can be used at various stages in the engineering design process.
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Rivera, Arnold L., and Darren C. Day. "Innovative PLC Design Concepts for Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal System." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0406.

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Enbridge Inc. operates the world’s longest crude oil and refined liquids pipeline system. The company owns and operates Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (the Canadian portion of the Enbridge crude oil mainline) and a variety of affiliated pipelines in Canada and the United States. It also has approximately, a 12% interest in Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. which owns the Lakehead Pipeline System in the United States. These pipeline systems have operated for over 50 years and now comprise approximately 15,000 kilometers (9,000 miles) of pipeline, delivering more than 2.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and refined liquids. The combination of the Enbridge System in Canada and the Lakehead System in the United States brings together the primary transporter of crude oil from Canada into the United States. It is also the only pipeline that transports crude oil from Western Canada to Eastern North America, serving all of the major refining centres in the province of Ontario as well as the Great Lakes region of the United States. The system consists of approximately 9000 kilometers (5,600 miles) of mainline pipe in Canada, and 5300 kilometers (3,300 miles) of mainline pipe in the United States. The Canadian portion of the pipeline system extends from Edmonton, Alberta as the primary initiating facility, across the Canadian prairies to the U.S. border near Gretna, Manitoba. It continues again from the U.S. border near Sarnia, Ontario, to Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec, with lateral lines to Nanticoke, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, Ontario. The total length of the pipeline right-of-way is nearly 2300 kilometers (1,400 miles).
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Richards, Corey, Cedric Bolduc, and Børge Hamnes. "Explained: Ultrasonic Self-Propelled Robotic Inspection Solution for Unpiggable Dock Line." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86889.

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Abstract While under various banners, Valero Energy Inc. has been a staple in the refining and marketing of products since 1961. Key facilities such as the Montreal East Terminal and the St-Romuald Refinery supply their carriers and customers (resellers and wholesalers) in the regions of Southern Quebec, the Maritimes, and the Greater Ottawa and Toronto areas, with smaller terminals in these areas serving the Northeastern United States market. Guaranteeing that delivery orders are met and critical product is delivered on schedule requires Valero’s terminals to have comprehensive integrity programs in place. Comprehensive programs, which include risk modeling, in-line inspections and tank inspections, to name a few, help to ensure there is no unexpected downtime due to incidents. While ensuring the integrity of any oil and gas pipeline network contains its own challenges, facility or terminal piping does not often contain the typical infrastructure to employ standard technologies. Accordingly, specialty solutions are often required. Such is the case for Valero’s 960-meter, 10inch dock line at the Gaspé Terminal, which is a critical supply link transporting refined products from shipping vessels to the terminal. The technical challenges that needed to be overcome for the inspection of this underground dock line included: • No pig launcher and pig receiver present; dock line not designed for conventional pigging • Dock line only has flow when unloading to ships • In-service operating conditions prohibited conventional ILI tool inspection • Limited space available for equipment to support standard pigging operation • Staging of equipment on the dock would pose additional risks for the environment in the event of loss of containment for any supporting pumping equipment This paper will outline the validation, testing and execution of a self-propelled robotic tethered solution in combination with an ultrasonic wall measurement (UTWM) system capable of navigating the complexities of the Gaspé dock line. The inspection solution outlined in the paper did not require any major modifications to the dock line system, nor did any equipment need to be present on the dock side. The utilization of dedicated crawler units eliminated the requirements for flow or pressure in the dock line to propel the tool during inspection. Overall technical and operations benefits of this solution are: • Accurate and precise feature classification and sizing by quantitative ultrasonic measurement • Two sets of data (from both the inbound and outbound run) with the outbound run providing a further verification for the inbound run • Real-time data analysis and preliminary report on-site, followed by a thoroughly reviewed final report The online self-propelled tethered crawler inspection system contained the actual inspection tool, the drive unit, the umbilical winch and a computer system to communicate with and control the inspection vehicle. The paper will outline in detail the workings of the inspection tool, particularly: • The ridged ring UT sensor unit • The modifications and testing to ensure the system could pass features in the line • The electrically driven propulsion system While the focus of this paper is the deployment of this inspection solution in the Gaspé dock line, it will also compare previous operational experiences with running a free-swimming tool. Overall, the paper will outline not only how this solution better ensured the integrity of the line itself, but also how its execution reduced safety and environmental risks, while still collecting indispensable, high-quality in-line inspection (ILI) data.
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Reports on the topic "Greater Toronto Region"

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Sharpe, D. R., P. J. Barnett, H. A. J. Russell, T. A. Brennand, and G. Gorrell. Regional geological mapping of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Greater Toronto area, southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210859.

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Logan, C., D. R. Sharpe, and H. A. J. Russell. Regional 3D structural model of the Oak Ridges Moraine and Greater Toronto area, southern Ontario: version 1.0. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213493.

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Logan, C., H. A. J. Russell, and D. R. Sharpe. Regional 3-D structural model of the Oak Ridges Moraine and Greater Toronto area, southern Ontario: version 2.0. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220853.

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Logan, C., H. A. J. Russell, and D. R. Sharpe. Regional 3-D structural model of the Oak Ridges Moraine and Greater Toronto area, southern Ontario: version 2.1. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221490.

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