Relevant bibliographies by topics / Great Britain – Social policy

Academic literature on the topic 'Great Britain – Social policy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Great Britain – Social policy"

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Podolsky, Vadim. "History of the social policy in the United Kingdom." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990016102-4.

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In the XVII century Great Britain became the first country in the world with a full-scale system of social support, which was regulated at the state level. The “Old Poor Law” of 1601 and the “New Poor Law” of 1834 are well-studied in both foreign and Russian science, but the solutions that preceded them are less known. The aim of this study is to describe the development of social policy in Great Britain up to 1834, when the system of assistance to people in need was redesigned according to the liberal logic of minimal interference of the state. The article is based on comparative and historic approach and analysis of legal documents. It demonstrates the evolution of institutions and practices of social support in Great Britain. In this country social policy grew from church and private charity and developed at local level under centrally defined rules. Consistent presentation of social policy history in Great Britain is valuable for studies of charity, local self-government and social policy.
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Forrest, David. "AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REVIEW OF GAMBLING IN GREAT BRITAIN." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 7, no. 3 (December 9, 2013): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v7i3.816.

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The paper considers the nature and scale of the benefits and costs of gambling, with special reference to machine gaming. Although the industry is argued to be unlikely to have a significant macroeconomic impact, evidence is consistent with it generating considerable benefits to individual (responsible) consumers, whether measured by consumer surplus or through the pattern of responses to a wellbeing question. At the same time, a minority of users of gaming facilities, problem gamblers, appear to make consistently flawed decisions such that those with gambling disorder experience exceptionally low wellbeing. Public policy and regulatory decisions should consider the effects, on the margin, on both the net benefits to recreational gamblers and the net costs to problem gamblers. Many policy decisions may involve a trade-off between the welfare of recreational gamblers and the welfare of problem gamblers. Contemporary interest in targeted policies appears to represent an attempt to avoid the need to confront such a trade-off by searching for policies which are aimed very explicitly at problem gamblers alone.
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Lim, Kwangsoo. "The Shift of a Dividend Policy and a Leverage Policy during the 2008 Financial Crisis." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 5, no. 6 (October 21, 2016): 09–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v5i6.600.

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This paper investigates how firms shifted their dividend policies and leverage policies in response to the economic shock caused by the 2008 financial crisis. The sample countries are United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Australia, Japan, China, and Korea. The empirical relationship of firms’ dividend policies with their capital structures and earnings was likely to undergo a major change around the 2008 financial crisis, as firms adjusted their capital structures and dividend policies in response to the extreme credit crunch caused by the financial crisis. The extent and the speed that firms deleverage themselves and reduce their dividends were likely to be influenced by countries’ cultural and social norms. This paper finds a significant reduction in dividends across sample countries except Great Britain and France after the 2008 crisis. This finding supports the free cash flow theory that dividends are paid to dissipate free cash flow to address agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. This paper finds a higher correlation between dividends and leverages before the 2008 crisis, and that it strengthened after the crisis except Great Britain and Korea. This finding is consistent more with the pecking order theory than with the trade-off theory of leverage.
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Glendinning, Caroline. "Losing Ground: Social Policy and Disabled People in Great Britain, 1980–90." Disability, Handicap & Society 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674649166780011.

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Metz, Karl H. "From Pauperism to Social Policy." International Review of Social History 37, no. 3 (December 1992): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000111320.

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SummaryThe first part of this paper establishes the outlines of social policy in the course of the nineteenth century using Great Britain, Germany and France as examples, with particular emphasis on the differences arising from the varying political cultures of these countries. In the second part the paper attempts to establish comparisons for a generalized framework, also covering developments into the twentieth century. ‘Social policy’ in this instance means all state measures to safeguard the physical and social existence of employed workers on the basis of a criterion of fairness which is derived from their citizenship, it is political in other words. Safety ar work is as much a part of this as protection during illness, old age or unemployment. This study as a whole sets out to achieve some standardizations which will be useful in the analysis of the history of social policy and may also be helpful in the discussion of current socio-political problems.
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Balina, T. A., A. A. Balina, S. E. Gasumova, and T. D. Popkova. "FEATURES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-2-231-243.

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The state youth policy requires deep study and justification by representatives of social sciences, including sociology and socio-economic geography, which allows us to synthesize various methods of studying society and its well-being. Social geography, having a spatial approach, allows us to determine the territorial features of the course of social phenomena, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between them, to study the general and specific features of the development of territorial communities and population strata. Using the example of Great Britain, China and Russia, the current social problems of young people in countries with different types of socio-economic development are revealed through a comparative analysis of socio-demographic processes. In the context of concepts of well-being, the article considers various aspects of social dependency as a new and little-studied phenomenon. It is revealed that the UK, which implements the liberal principle of public welfare policy, has extensive experience in social work with young people, and the pioneering research of NEET-youth is of international significance. In China social dependency has acquired specific forms, which is largely determined by the principle of egalitarianism, the consequences of demographic policy and traditional mentality. The analysis of modern problems of Russian youth has shown that the rejection of the paternalistic model of social protection of the population had a negative impact on the situation of young people. The article analyzes the results of statistical, sociological research, expert evaluation, included interviews, etc., which revealed the social problems of Russian, British and Chinese youth, including the phenomenon of dependency. It was revealed that the study of dependency in the framework of youth policy and social work will help to activate the younger generation, accelerate its inclusion in society, and improve technologies for solving social problems.
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DEANS, ZUZANA. "CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS IN PHARMACY PRACTICE IN GREAT BRITAIN." Bioethics 27, no. 1 (July 29, 2011): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01918.x.

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Clair, Amy, Jasmine Fledderjohann, Doireann Lalor, and Rachel Loopstra. "The Housing Situations of Food Bank Users in Great Britain." Social Policy and Society 19, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746419000150.

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Food bank use in Great Britain has risen substantially over the last decade. The considerable socioeconomic disadvantage of the food bank user population has been documented, but little research has examined whether housing problems intersect with insecure food access. Using data from 598 households accessing assistance from twenty-four food banks operating in Great Britain in 2016–2017, we found that nearly 18 per cent of households were homeless, with more having experienced homelessness in the past twelve months. Renters from both the private and social rented sectors were also overrepresented in the sample. Households in both private and social rented housing reported high rates of rent arrears and poor conditions; those in private housing were also more likely to live in homes with damp, to have moved in past year, and to be worried about a forced move in future. Overall, housing problems are widespread among food bank users; policy interventions are needed.
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Mering, Tomasz. "Polityka społeczna w Szkocji po reformie dewolucyjnej. W stronę fragmentaryzacji brytyjskiego welfare state?" Przegląd Europejski, no. 2-2021 (September 8, 2021): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.21.8.

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The article presents the origins and evolution of social policy programmes in Scotland since the referendum in 1997. Regional authorities in Scotland obtained significant prerogatives in payment of social benefits. They actively exercised the rights granted by the UK legislation, resulting in the partial decentralisation of the social security system in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has become a fact. This decentralisation is not complete, because the administration of pensions, and unemployment benefits remains the sole responsibility of London’s central government. One of the features of British social policy has become territorial asymmetry, consisting of partially different programs and social policy institutions in other parts of the UK. The most important effect of the reforms is the creation of institutions and draft social policy programs that can be put into effect, when the process of political emancipation in Scotland will lead to a new regional referendum.
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Schoon, Ingrid, and Elzbieta Polek. "Pathways to Economic Well-Being Among Teenage Mothers in Great Britain." European Psychologist 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000028.

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The present study examines pathways to independence from social welfare among 738 teenage mothers, participants of the 1970 British Cohort Study, who were followed up at age 30 years. Using a longitudinal design, a pathway model is tested, examining linkages between family social background, cognitive ability, school motivation, and individual investments in education, as well as work- and family-related roles. The most important factors associated with financial independence by age 30 are continued attachment to the labor market as well as a stable relationship with a partner (not necessarily the father of the child). Pathways to financial independence, in turn, are predicted through own cognitive resources, school motivation, and family cohesion. Implications of findings for policy making are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Great Britain – Social policy"

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Paris, Chris. "Social theory and housing policy." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130120.

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Jian, Ke Yue. "Historical analysis of British welfare system :origin, development, and prospect." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953425.

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Román, Zozaya Carolyn. "Participant ideology : the case of New Labour social policy, 1997-2001." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4d4cfe0-2798-498a-9395-0085cbe514a1.

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This thesis examines the relationship of ideology to policy-making on two levels: on the theoretical level, it advances a distinction between philosophical, commentative and participant ideology; on the policy level, it takes as its major case study the reforms initiated by New Labour in the Departments of Social Security, Health and Education and Employment between 1997 and 2001. The thesis pays particular attention to the deployment of morphological analysis as a means to interpret and decode New Labour's policy practices and thereby opens up new areas for research on the role of ideas in politics. It also delineates the conceptual formulae for the core concepts of New Labour's ideology, stressing conceptual interconnections and contributing to interpretative and normative political theory. Using these to frame the analysis, it presents an account of New Labour's conceptual patterns easily accessible to political philosophers. Finally, the thesis counters the dominant modes of analysing ideology in social policy and shows the strong similarities between the morphological conception of ideology and standard forms of institutional and social policy analysis. New Labour is shown to create the following patterns: Individuals have rights to the conditions of freedom as self-development, which generate duties sanctionable by legal and direct socioeconomic penalties on others. Where rights do not apply, individuals have personal responsibilities that are presented as supererogatory expectations. The conditions of freedom are to be distributed equally in a manner consistent with progress and social justice for all members of a community who, relating to each other ultimately on the basis of enlightened self-interest, are interdependent and working together across the spheres of a social conception of civil society, a strongly representative and government-dominated conception of democracy and a capitalist market conceived of as a common good. By so doing, each enjoys the freedom of self-development.
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Doherty, Robert Anthony. "New Labour : governmentality, social exclusion and education policy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2667/.

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This thesis critically explores the broad relationship between New Labour’s adoption of social exclusion as a policy concept and the outworking of this commitment within instances of policy directed at compulsory education. It presents and deploys Foucault’s idea of governmentality as a perspective from which to undertake critical policy analysis. It considers approaches to policy analysis and posits a layered model that looks to explicate levels and forms of power within the policy system; including a concern to integrate the place and function of policy texts. An account of the main dimensions of New Labour’s Third Way politics is developed, together with a broad account of New Labour’s attempts to govern compulsory education. Critical Discourse Analysis is applied to interpret and explain two texts posited as capturing a particular historical moment in New Labour’s adoption and commitment to a recognisable conceptualisation of social exclusion. A governmentality perspective is employed to analyse policy around social exclusion within the Third Way politics of New Labour following 1997. This analysis has a particular focus on how this social exclusion dimension was accommodated within the broader schematic of Third Way governmentality and how it interacted with and emerged within policy around compulsory education in the early years of New Labour. The analysis concludes that the social exclusion dimension of New Labour’s policy ambitions was present, but sublimated within the conflicted policy climate of compulsory education arising from New Labour’s distinctive governmentality.
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McLaughlin, Janice. "Discursive strategies within Thatcherism : family and market representations in its rhetoric and Community Care Documents /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040329/.

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Whitworth, Adam. "Work, care and social inclusion : lone motherhood under New Labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670080.

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Tabet, Marie-Christine. "Household labour supply in Great Britain : can policy-makers rely on neoclassical models?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2358/.

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This thesis empirically examines whether the neoclassical economic model provides an adequate framework to analyse a couple's labour supply behaviour in Britain using recent data from the British Household Panel Survey. The thesis comprises three empirical chapters. The first chapter uses the instrumental variable (IV) estimation procedure to model the hours of work of married couples. This approach allows us to test whether some of the assumptions of the neoclassical model (e.g., income pooling and Slutsky properties) are satisfied by the data. In addition, further variables that have been identified as distribution factors in the literature are introduced to the empirical model to assess whether they play a role in explaining a couple's hours of work. The first chapter only considers couples in which both spouses work. In the second chapter, the sample is amended to include all couples (i.e., those that work and those that do not) and the analysis conducted models a couple's labour market participation decisions rather than their hours of work. After testing for income pooling and the impact of distribution factors, a further variable, the wife's mother-in-law work status when the male spouse was aged 14, is introduced into the model. This is done to determine the effect of 'cultural' variables on labour market decisions. In the last chapter, this issue is explored further by explicitly modelling attitudes to a woman's role in the labour market. This approach uses a bivariate ordered probit model given the ordinal nature of responses to the attitudinal questions and again restricts the analysis to couples only. Finally, gender-role attitudes are introduced to the labour supply framework used in the second chapter in order to evaluate whether beliefs regarding women's role impact on a couple's labour market decisions.
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Mioni, Michele. "Towards a New “Social Pact” : World War II and Social Policy in Great Britain, Italy and Vichy France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H031.

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Cette thèse concerne les politiques sociales en Grande-Bretagne, dans l'État français, ainsi que dans l'Italie fasciste pendant la Deuxième guerre mondiale. Mon approche ne se borne pas aux années de guerre. Il tient en compte la dépendance des précédentes politiques dans les trois Pays, et elle est ouverte aux développements de l'après-guerre. J'ai réparti ce travail en trois parties, en poursuivant des critères méthodologiques et thématiques. Dans la première partie, j'ai donné un aperçu des politiques sociales dans les trois Pays de la fin du 19e siècle jusqu'au déclenchement de la guerre. Dans cette section, j'ai analysé la nature incrémentielle des politiques sociales, en retraçant les héritages en matière de politique sociale dans chaque Pays. De toute manière, les autres deuxième et troisièmes parties constituent le cœur de la recherche. La deuxième partie est une analyse comparée des politiques mises en place pendant la guerre, ainsi que des projets formulés pour l'après-guerre. Elle est divisée en trois chapitres qui correspondent à chaque Pays examiné, avec un chapitre conclusif où les résultats de la recherche sont croisés, afin de renforcer la compréhension comparative du sujet. La troisième partie porte sur un examen comparé/transnational de l'exploitation politique des reformes sociales. D'un côté, la politique sociale a été utilisée pour renforcer le front intérieur gagner le consensus. De l'autre côté, la diffusion des informations et de la propagande sur les projets de réforme pour l'après-guerre devait jouer le rôle primaire dans la reconstruction des relations internationales après la guerre
My dissertation concerns the social politics in Great Britain, in the Vichy regime, and in Fascist Italy during World War II. My approach to the topic, however, is not narrowly limited to the war years. It takes into account the path dependence of the previous policies in the three countries, and is open to the further developments of the immediate postwar years. I split my work in three parts, according to methodological and thematic criteria. ln a first part, I provided the overview of the social politics enacted in the three countries from the end of the 19th Century to the outbreak of the war. ln this section, I captured the incremental nature of the social policies, also retracing the specific policy legacy in each country. The very cure of my research, however, dwells in the other two parts. ln section two, I carried out a comparative analysis of the policies implemented during the war, and the draft projects for after the war. This section is split in three chapters, where I scrutinized the social politics in each country, and a conclusive chapter where I crossed the results of my investigation, strengthening its comparative aspects. The third part is a comparative/transnational exploration on the political use of social policy. On the one hand, social policy was exploited to strengthen the home front and gamer domestic political consensus. On the other, the dissemination of information and the propaganda of the postwar social project was also expected to play a not secondary role in the resettlement of the international relations after the war
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McCall, Vikki. "The 'chalkface' of cultural services : exploring museum workers' perspectives on policy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9798.

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The difficulties faced by services in the cultural sector have been immediate and challenging. Public services that are cultural in nature have faced funding cuts, closures and redundancies. Museum services are low in political importance and unable to provide clear evidence of their policy impact. Despite these challenges, there has been limited evidence about the policy process at ground-level. This thesis builds on theoretical and empirical ideas in social and cultural policy to present museum workers’ perspectives within a cultural theory framework. Following Lipsky’s (1980) work on street-level bureaucrats, this thesis presents an analysis of street-level workers’ roles in delivering social and cultural policy. Museum workers’ perspectives are presented through a series of case studies (drawing on qualitative interviews and observations) from three local-authority museum services in England, Scotland and Wales. The findings showed evidence that top-down cultural and social policies have had an influence on workers actions, but service-level workers’ understandings were central to the policy process. Museum workers actively shaped museum policy through ground-level interactions with visitors and groups. Workers experienced policy in the cultural sector as fragmented, vague and difficult to engage with at the ground-level. Workers mainly viewed policy as meaningless rhetoric. Despite this, those working at ground-level often utilised policy rhetoric effectively to gain funding and manipulate activities towards their own needs and interpretations. Policy evaluation was also fragmented and underdeveloped within the services studied. Workers found themselves under pressure to fulfil policy objectives but were unable to show how they did this. Furthermore, there was a perceived distance from managers and local authority structures. This allowed a space for workers to implement and shape policy towards their own professional and personal ideals. Vague policies and a lack of formal mechanisms for evaluation led to high levels of worker discretion at ground-level. Economic policy expectations were resisted by workers, who tended to have more egalitarian views. Museum workers effectively managed policy expectations through a mixture of discretion and policy manipulation. Delivery at the ground-level was seen as effective – despite, not because of, cultural sector policies.
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Monahan, Martin. "The Conservative Party and social justice policy 1997-2010 : an historical institutionalist analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4033/.

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This thesis uses Historical Institutionalism (HI) to explain why social justice policy became an important focus for change in the 1997-2010 Conservative Party, how this policy changed, and why radical ideological change did not take place. Utilising interviews with mid- and elite-level Party actors, and analysis of policy publications, this thesis maps the restrictive and enabling effect of material and ideational institutional structures. It introduces new HI theoretical mechanisms of path tendency within path dependency, and confluence junctures, as key processes; neutral and mimicry invasion as key sources of new policy; and policy and institutional entrepreneurs as key types of actor. It couples these newly defined terms to present mechanisms in HI to offer an explanation that down-plays Cameron as a significant break from past ideological practice: rather there has been broad continuity throughout the opposition period, which, rather than being restrictive, has facilitated incremental policy change, largely emerging slowly from mid-level actors in the Party. The thesis contributes to debates in the study of British politics by offering a theoretical and institutionally focused explanation rather than prioritising more descriptive and personality focused work. It also develops HI and improves its explanation of incremental change in a non-crisis institutional environment.
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Books on the topic "Great Britain – Social policy"

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John, Baldock, ed. Social policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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1948-, Baldock John, Manning Nick 1951-, and Vickerstaff Sarah 1956-, eds. Social policy. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Hill, Michael J. Social security policy in Britain. Aldershot, Hants, England: E. Elgar, 1990.

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Michael, Sullivan. Modern social policy. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994.

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Alcock, Peter. Social policy in Britain: Themes and issues. Edited by Campling Jo. New York, N.Y: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

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Society, Economic History, ed. Social policy in Britain, 1914-1939. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: London, 1988.

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Rob, Sykes, Bochel Catherine, and Ellison Nicholas 1952-, eds. Social policy review. Bristol: Policy Press, 2002.

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Burch, Martin. Public policy in Britain. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Cambridge, Mass., USA, 1989.

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Powell, Martin A., Nicholas Ellison, and Linda Bauld. Analysis and debate in social policy, 2004. Bristol: Policy Press, 2009.

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1952-, Ellison Nicholas, and Pierson Christopher, eds. Developments in British social policy. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Great Britain – Social policy"

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Haux, Tina. "Understanding Employment Barriers for Lone Parents in Great Britain: Research Gaps and Missed Opportunities." In Evidence and Evaluation in Social Policy, 115–28. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118816530.ch7.

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Simpson, John. "Great Britain." In A Survey of European Nuclear Policy, 1985–87, 131–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10813-8_11.

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Deakin, Nicholas. "Social Policy." In Party Ideology in Britain, 105–27. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003426776-7.

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Forster, Anthony. "Social Policy." In Britain and the Maastricht Negotiations, 79–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333984178_4.

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Rogers, Anne, and David Pilgrim. "The Great War and After." In Mental Health Policy in Britain, 55–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24777-6_4.

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Alcock, Pete. "Social Divisions." In Social Policy in Britain, 218–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24741-7_11.

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Alcock, Pete. "Social Divisions." In Social Policy in Britain, 259–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-22916-7_16.

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Alcock, Pete. "Social Security." In Social Policy in Britain, 17–33. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-22916-7_2.

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Alcock, Pete. "Social Services." In Social Policy in Britain, 95–110. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-22916-7_6.

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Alcock, Pete, and Margaret May. "Social Divisions." In Social Policy in Britain, 271–85. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-31464-2_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Great Britain – Social policy"

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Жолудов, М. В. "The Liberal Party in the Political System of the Great Britain in the XIXth Century: Forms and Features of Development." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.020.

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В статье рассматриваются особенности развития Либеральной партии Великобритании в XIX в. В своем развитии она преодолела несколько этапов, каждый из которых обнаруживал тесную связь с общеисторическими изменениями в Великобритании. В работе утверждается, что способность правящей элиты страны вовремя перейти к политике либеральных преобразований позволила ей преодолеть серьезный социально-политический кризис и спасти Великобританию от революции. Особое внимание уделено исследованию влияния парламентской реформы 1832 г. на формирование структуры партии. Заслугой либералов было то, что они сумели адаптировать плавным, эволюционно-реформистским путем, не затрагивая самих основ общественного порядка, государственно-правовые институты Великобритании к новым историческим условиям, возникшим в результате промышленного переворота. Используя гибкие компромиссные методы управления и проведения социальной политики в отношениях как с землевладельческой аристократией, так и со средними и низшими слоями британского общества, либералы смогли поддерживать достаточно высокую стабильность общества, сглаживать социальные конфликты, столь частые в других странах Западной Европы XIX в. Автор подчеркивает, что к концу XIX в. британским либералам удалось создать массовую политическую партию современного типа. The article examines the features of the development of the Liberal Party of Great Britain in the XIXth century. In its development, the Liberal Party was going through several stages, each of which revealed a close connection with general historical changes in Great Britain. The paper argues that the ability of the country's ruling elite to switch to a policy of liberal transformations in time allowed it to overcome a serious socio-political crisis and save Great Britain from revolution. Particular attention is paid to the study of the influence of the parliamentary reform of 1832 on the formation of the party structure. The merit of the liberals was that they were able to adapt in a smooth, evolutionary-reformist way, without affecting the very foundations of public order, the state-legal institutions of Great Britain to the new historical conditions that arose as a result of the industrial revolution. Using flexible compromise methods of management and social policy in relations both with the landowning aristocracy and with the middle and lower strata of the British society, the liberals managed to maintain a fairly high stability of society, smooth out social conflicts that are so frequent in other countries of Western Europe of the XIXth century. The author emphasizes that by the end of the XIXth century, the British liberals managed to create a mass political party of the modern type.
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Baker, Clare, Ben Barr, and Sophie Wickham. "OP10 What is the impact of the removal of the spare room subsidy policy (the ‘bedroom tax’) on the mental health of working age adults in Great Britain? A difference in difference analysis using understanding Societies, a longitudinal household panel dataset." In Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-ssmabstracts.10.

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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.

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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.
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Maisa, Maisa, and Didi Sukyadi. "Paradigm Shift on Language Planning and Policy in Great Britain in the 21st Century." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.142.

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Maisa, Maisa, and Didi Sukyadi. "Paradigm Shift on Language Planning and Policy in Great Britain in the 21st Century." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.249.

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Maisa, Maisa, and Didi Sukyadi. "Paradigm Shift on Language Planning and Policy in Great Britain in the 21st Century." In Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-18.2019.35.

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Lytkin, Vladimir. "Cultural And Theatrical Trends Of Post-War Great Britain And The Ussr." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.271.

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"The Evolution of Social Housing Policy in Britain: A Neo-Institutional Perspective." In 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_183.

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Sergeeva, Irina. "TWITTER AS PHENOMENON OF MASS CULTURE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GREAT BRITAIN." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b31/s8.029.

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Mikaelyan, Maria. "POST-WAR HOUSING IN GREAT BRITAIN: HISTORICAL PREMISES, GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES AND CULTURAL TENDENCIES." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb51/s17.026.

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Reports on the topic "Great Britain – Social policy"

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ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON. Elections in Great Britain. Could a Change of Government Affect Security Policy? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385830.

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Tymoshyk, Mykola. LONDON MAGAZINE «LIBERATION WAY» AND ITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM ABROAD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11057.

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One of the leading Western Ukrainian diaspora journals – London «Liberation Way», founded in January 1949, has become the subject of the study for the first time in journalism. Archival documents and materials of the Ukrainian Publishing Union in London and the British National Library (British Library) were also observed. The peculiarities of the magazine’s formation and the specifics of the editorial policy, founders and publishers are clarified. A group of OUN members who survived Hitler’s concentration camps and ended up in Great Britain after the end of World War II initiated the foundation of the magazine. Until April 1951, including issue 42, the Board of Foreign Parts of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists were the publishers of the magazine. From 1951 to the beginning of 2000 it was a socio-political monthly of the Ukrainian Publishing Union. From the mid-60’s of the twentieth century – a socio-political and scientific-literary monthly. In analyzing the programmatic principles of the magazine, the most acute issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, which have long separated the forces of Ukrainian emigration and from which the founders and publishers of the magazine from the beginning had clearly defined positions, namely: ideology of Ukrainian nationalism, the idea of ​​unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, internal inter-party struggle among Ukrainian emigrants have been singled out. The review and systematization of the thematic palette of the magazine’s publications makes it possible to distinguish the following main semantic accents: the formation of the nationalist movement in exile; historical Ukrainian themes; the situation in sub-Soviet Ukraine; the problem of the unity of Ukrainians in the Western diaspora; mission and tasks of Ukrainian emigration in the context of its responsibilities to the Motherland. It also particularizes the peculiarities of the formation of the author’s assets of the magazine and its place in the history of Ukrainian national journalism.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.

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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Kaminsky, Graciela, and Michael Klein. The Real Exchange Rate and Fiscal Policy During the Gold Standard PeriodEvidence from the United States and Great Britain. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4809.

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Do, Hung, Rabindra Nepal, and Tooraj Jamasb. Electricity Market Integration, Decarbonisation and Security of Supply: Dynamic Volatility Connectedness in the Irish and Great Britain Markets. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/csei.pb.004.

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This study investigates the volatility connectedness between the Irish and Great Britain electricity markets and how it is driven by changes in energy policy, institutional structures and political ideologies. We assess various aspects of volatility connectedness between 2009 and 2018. Among other implications, our results suggest that supporting renewable generation by setting an appropriate carbon price in interconnected wholesale electricity markets will improve market integration.
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Wylde, Emily. Value For Money of Social Assistance in FCAS: Considerations, Evidence, and Research Priorities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.022.

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Value for Money (VfM) is an essential tool for balancing difficult policy and programme decisions and the trade-offs between the ‘5 Es’ of economy, efficiency, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and equity. While many of the conceptual approaches to VfM and methods for estimation are similar in regular development programming for social protection and humanitarian cash and food assistance, these literatures have so far evolved in fairly distinct silos. There has been relatively little work so far to bring the two strands together. In fragile and conflict-affected settings, the gaps are especially great. A lack of cost and basic programme implementation data hinders understanding of economy and efficiency, while gaps in robust evidence on outcomes and impacts further impede an analysis of effectiveness and, crucially, the trade-offs between the ‘5Es’. The research agenda presented here emphasises the need to build the evidence base on both costs and benefits, and to use it more intentionally for better adaptive management of programmes and policy support.
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Fazzari, Steven, and Ella Needler. US Employment Inequality in the Great Recession and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp154.

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This article compares inequality in US employment across social groups in the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop an inequality measure that captures both how much employment declines during a recession and the persistence of those declines. The results show a significant shift of job loss from men in the Great Recession to women in the COVID-19 lockdown. White workers fare better than other racial/ethnic groups in both recessions. Black and Hispanic women are hit especially hard in the COVID-19 pandemic. With our job loss measure, less educated workers had modestly worse outcomes in the Great Recession. However, during COVID-19, less educated workers suffer much more severe employment consequences than more educated groups. We discuss long-term effects of employment inequality and how these findings are relevant to debates about policy responses.
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Fix, Jedediah, and Masud Rahman, eds. Host Communities and Refugees in the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.080524.

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This JDC Digest explores the impacts of forced displacement on host communities in the EHAGL region, as well as opportunities to facilitate opportunities for refugees and other forcibly displaced persons through mobility, assistance and inclusion into national services. Our review unveils how refugee presence can spur development and enhance service infrastructure while reshaping local labor dynamics. Central to our findings is the crucial role of refugee self-reliance and mobility in fostering economic and social integration. However, the review also underscores the need for further research, particularly regarding the inclusion of refugees into national systems and the specific challenges facing returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Offering a comprehensive view, this Digest aims to inform balanced policy decisions in the region.
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Hogan, Eileen, and Becci Jeffers. A sense of freedom: Exploring everyday experiences of cycling in an Irish regional city. Institute for Social Science in the 21st Century, University College Cork, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/10468/15138.

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In current policy and planning discourse, there is great interest in reimagining and redesigning cities as more cycling-friendly spaces. Research shows that good cycling infrastructure is the first step to increasing cycling rates. However, social and cultural factors are also important for understanding the attractions of cycling and barriers to cycling but these tend to be under-explored in transport policy and research. In partnership with the Cork Environmental Forum and the Cork Cycling Campaign, this study set out to develop social scientific knowledge about cycling as a social practice, focusing on Cork as a case study of an Irish regional city, with a view to informing pro-cycling policy.
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Tymoshyk, Mykola. UKRAINIAN CHILDREN’S MAGAZINE ON EMIGRATION AS A SPECIFIC TYPE OF PUBLICATION (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE LONDON MONTHLY “YOUNG FRIENDS”). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11394.

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For the first time, one of the popular children’s magazines of the Western Ukrainian Diaspora “Young Friends” became the subject of research. Founded in March 1955, it ceased to exist in 1984. There is no complete filing of this newspaper in any book collection of Ukraine, it has not been digitized yet, the editorial office did not have a site. For this reason, the author conducted a study of this journal in the library-archive of the Union of Ukrainians in Great Britain (UUB) in London. The peculiarities of journal formation and the specifics of the editorial policy are clarified. The experience of publishing a Ukrainian children’s magazine abroad for a long time (in color and on chalk paper) without any financial support from the state, but only by public money, is quite instructive for the current situation in Ukraine when children’s periodicals have almost disappeared from the national information space due to indifferent contemplation of the state.
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