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Journal articles on the topic 'Great Britain History Lancaster and York'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ireland, Stanley. "D. Shotter: Roman Britain (Lancaster Pamphlets). Pp. xiv + 98, 5maps. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. Paper, £6.99. ISBN: 0-415-16579-2." Classical Review 49, no. 2 (October 1999): 608–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x99910053.

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2

NEIBERG, MICHAEL S. "Revisiting the Myths: New Approaches to the Great War." Contemporary European History 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001924.

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Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker, 14–18: Understanding the Great War (New York: Hill & Wang), 280 pp., $24.00, ISBN 0-8090-4643-1.Jeremy Black, ed., War in the Modern World since 1815 (London: Routledge, 2003), 268 pp., £18.99, ISBN 0-415-25140-0.Gail Braybon, ed., Evidence, History, and the Great War: Historians and the Impact of 1914–18 (Oxford: Berghahn, 2003), 304 pp., £50.00, ISBN 1-57181-726-7.Roger Chickering and Stig Förster, eds., The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939 (Washington, DC, and Cambridge: German Historical Institute and Cambridge University Press, 2003), 364 pp., $60.00, ISBN 0-521-81236-4.Andrew Green, Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories, 1915–48 (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 200 pp., £19.99, ISBN 0-7146-8430-9.John H. Morrow Jr, The Great War: An Imperial History (New York: Routledge, 2003), 352 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-415-20439-9.Mario Morselli, Caporetto, 1917: Victory or Defeat? (London: Frank Cass, 2000), 176 pp., £65.00 (hb), ISBN 0-714-65073-0.Gary Sheffield, Forgotten Victory: The First World War, Myths and Realities (London: Headline, 2001), 318 pp., £7.99, ISBN 0-747-27157-7.The powers of Europe fought the Great War for more than four years, but it took France fifteen years to write its official history, Germany nineteen years, and the United Kingdom an astonishing twenty-six years. These works, moreover, encompass only land operations and fill twenty-three extraordinarily detailed volumes for France, an equal number for Great Britain, and fourteen volumes for Germany. The time and energy needed to compile the thousands of necessary documents, organise that data, and construct the interpretations reflect both the enormity of the war itself and the difficulty of finding meaning in an event that so deeply shook the continent.

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3

Palmer, Bryan D. "The Essential E.P. Thompson, edited by Dorothy Thompson. New Press: New York, 2001. x + 498 pp. $45.00 cloth; $21.95 paper." International Labor and Working-Class History 66 (October 2004): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790423023x.

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E.P. Thompson was nursed on a mother's milk of transatlantic missionary work and writings on the Middle East that reached back to the last half of the nineteenth century. Fathered on Bengali literature, the poetry of the Great War, cricket with the likes of Nehru, and the struggle for Indian independence, Thompson was born into a highly literate and deeply politicized global village. Small wonder that at seventeen he was an anti-fascist and a soldier. But he took a wide Left turn, following in a brother's footsteps, to become a Marxist and a Communist in his twenties, only to find himself, by 1956, donning dissident dress, leading an exodus from the Communist Party of Great Britain, building a revolutionary New Left in the seemingly unpropitious climate of the late 1950s.

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Iglesias Aparicio, Pilar. "Las Escuelas de Medicina de Mujeres de Nueva York y Londres. Estrategia de las pioneras para el acceso al estudio y práctica de la Medicina = New York and London Schools of Medicine for Women. A Pioneers Strategy to Access to the Study and Practice of Medicine." CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades 22, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2019.4800.

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Resumen: Este artículo pretende aportar información sobre la creación de escuelas de medicina de mujeres, estrategia utilizada por éstas para lograr el acceso al estudio y ejercicio de la medicina oficial en Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña en el siglo XIX, ante las numerosas dificultades halladas para acceder a diferentes escuelas y facultades de distintas universidades. Dificultades coincidentes con las encontradas por las primeras mujeres que intentaron acceder a la universidad en otros países y que en España no se eliminaron, al menos formalmente, hasta 1910.Palabras clave: pioneras de la medicina moderna, primeras mujeres médicas, historia de la medicina, historia del movimiento de mujeres, siglo XIX, Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña.Abstract: The aim of this article is to provide information about the schools of medicine for women, founded by the pioneers in the USA and Great Britain during the second half of the XIXth century, as a strategy to study and practice official medicine, due to the multiple difficulties they found to access to the schools and faculties of different universities. The same difficulties which were found by the first women who tried to access university in other countries and which were not eliminated in Spain, at least formally, until 1910.Keywords: modern medicine pioneer women, first women doctors, history of medicine, women movement history, XIXth century, United States, Great Britain.

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5

Reed, James W. "Birth Control, Sex, and Marriage in Great Britain, 1918–1960. By Kate Fisher (New York, Oxford University Press, 2006) 304 pp. $90.00." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 38, no. 4 (April 2008): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2008.38.4.599.

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6

Ahrens, Ralf. "Raymond G. Stokes / Roman Köster / Sambrook, The Business of Waste. Great Britain and Germany, 1945 to the Present. New York, Cambridge University Press 2013." Historische Zeitschrift 300, no. 2 (April 26, 2015): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2015-0187.

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7

Prestwich, Michael. "A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain. By Marc Morris. (New York, NY: Pegasus Books, 2015. Pp. xvi, 462. $29.95.)." Historian 79, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12483.

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8

Hendrickson, Kenneth E. "The Great Naval Game: Britain and Germany in the Age of Empire. By Jan Rüger. (New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xv, 337. $95.00.)." Historian 71, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2009.00246_72.x.

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9

Roesch, Claudia. "Pro Familia and the reform of abortion laws in West Germany, 1967–1983." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419854659.

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This article investigates the role of the West German family planning association Pro Familia in the abortion reform of the 1960s and 1970s. It examines the question of legal abortion from the perspective of reproductive decision-making and asks who was to make a decision about having an abortion in the reform process—the woman, her doctor, or a counsellor. During the early reform suggestions of §218 in the 1960s, Pro Familia supported the West German solution of allowing legal abortion only in medical emergencies. Opinions within the organization changed as leading members witnessed legalization in Great Britain and New York. The feminist movement and the Catholic opposition to legal abortion influenced positions in the reform phase of the 1970s. Meanwhile, Pro Familia put emphasis on compulsory pregnancy crisis counselling as aid in decision-making for individual women and a tool for putting a decision into practice. Throughout the reform process, Pro Familia continued to perceive legal abortion not as way to enable women to make their own decision but as a pragmatic solution to emergencies.

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10

Lewis, Donald M. "The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain, 1829–1860. By John Wolffe. Oxford Historical Monographs. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. xii + 366 pp. $79.00." Church History 63, no. 1 (March 1994): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167871.

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Neal, Larry. "Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State: France and Great Britain, 1688–1789. By David Stasavage (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2003) 210 pp. $60.00." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 36, no. 2 (October 2005): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0022195054741343.

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12

Boyd, Kelly. "Patrick McDevitt. May the Best Man Win: Sport, Masculinity, and Nationalism in Great Britain and the Empire, 1880–1935. New York: Palgrave, 2004. 192 pp. $55.00." Journal of British Studies 45, no. 1 (January 2006): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500898.

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13

Snell, Rupert. "Richard Burghart (ed.): Hinduism in Great Britain: the perpetuation of religion in an alien cultural mileu. viii, 290 pp. London and New York: Tavistock Publications, 1987." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no. 1 (February 1989): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00023636.

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14

Clement, Piet. "John H. Wood, A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, 458 pp., paperback £18.99/$34.99)." Financial History Review 17, no. 1 (April 2010): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565010000053.

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15

Sittser, Gerald L. "God, Germany, and Britain in the Great War: A Study in Clerical Nationalism. By A. J. Hoover. New York: Praeger, 1989. xii + 156 pp. $39.95." Church History 61, no. 1 (March 1992): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168037.

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16

Rose, Edward. "British pioneers of the geology of Gibraltar, Part 1: the artilleryman Thomas James (ca 1720-1782); infantryman Ninian Imrie of Denmuir (ca 1752-1820); and ex-militiaman James Smith of Jordanhill (1782-1867)." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 252–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.2.y46w1v7758755766.

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The rocky peninsula of Gibraltar juts south from Spain at the western entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Long famous as a landmark, it was ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and progressively developed as a naval and military base. Thomas James, a Royal Artillery officer stationed on Gibraltar from 1749 to 1755, was the first member of the British garrison to publish geological observations on the Rock, within a book of 1771 completed in New York. His military career culminated after active service against revolutionary Americans, finally in the rank of major-general, but with no further known contributions to geology. The Scotsman Ninian Imrie of Denmuir, an officer of the First Regiment of Foot (The Royal Scots), served on Gibraltar within the period 1784 to 1793, and was the first to publish an account specifically on its geology, in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1798. A career soldier, he achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel before retiring to Scotland, and to amateur geological studies influenced by active membership of Edinburgh's Wernerian Natural History Society. James Smith of Jordanhill, near Glasgow, served in Great Britain in the Renfrewshire Militia during the Napoleonic Wars but, benefiting from a family fortune, later spent much time as a yachtsman and scholar of wide interests and influence. His studies on Gibraltar, published by the Geological Society of London in 1846, were the first to attempt a tectonic interpretation of the Rock's geological history, and to record local evidence for Quaternary sea level change.

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17

Paris, Michael. "May the Best Man Win: Sport, Masculinity, and Nationalism in Great Britain and the Empire, 1880–1935 . By Patrick F. McDevitt. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. ix+179. $55.00." Journal of Modern History 79, no. 2 (June 2007): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519337.

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18

Toniolo, Gianni. "A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States. By John H. Wood. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. index, 439." Journal of Economic History 69, no. 02 (May 26, 2009): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050709001016.

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19

Wren, Daniel A. "Implementing the Gantt chart in Europe and Britain: the contributions of Wallace Clark." Journal of Management History 21, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-09-2014-0163.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to trace the European and British activities of Wallace Clark and his consulting firm with public sector agencies and private firms implement Henry L. Gantt’s chart concept. Design/methodology/approach Archival records and secondary sources in English and French. Findings Developed to meet the shipbuilding and use needs for the Great War (World War I), the Gantt chart was disseminated through the work of Wallace Clark during the 1930s in numerous public sector and private organizations in 12 nations. The Gantt concept was applied in a variety of industries and firms using batch, continuous processing and/or sub-assembly lines in mass production. Traditional scientific management techniques were expanded for general management, such as financial requirement through budgetary control. Clark and his consulting firm were responsible for implementing a managerial tool, the Gantt chart, in an international setting. Research limitations/implications Some firms with which Clark consulted could not be identified because the original records of the Wallace Clark Company were disposed of by New York University archival authorities. Industries were identified from the writings of Pearl Clark and Wallace Clark, and some private or public organizations were discerned from archival work and the research of French and British scholars. Originality/value This is the first study of the diffusion of a managerial tool, developed in America by Henry L. Gantt, into Europe and Britain through the contributions of Wallace Clark.

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20

Gannon, Darragh. "Addressing the Irish world: Éamon de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as a global case study." Irish Historical Studies 44, no. 165 (May 2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.4.

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AbstractWriting in Nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland, 1858–1928, Tom Garvin observed that ‘well over 40 per cent, perhaps 50 per cent, had lived outside Ireland for considerable periods … foreign experience was very important in the development of the leaders’. The impact of ‘foreign experience’ on leading nationalist revolutionaries, this article submits, pace Garvin, could have proved influential in the development of the Irish Revolution more widely. Between June 1919 and December 1920, Éamon de Valera toured the United States. From New York City to Salt Lake City, Alabama to Montana, the self-proclaimed president of the Irish republic addressed ‘Ireland’ in hundreds of interviews and speeches. Of these myriad public statements, his Cuban missive, notably, crossed national boundaries. Comparing Ireland's geo-strategic relationship with Great Britain to that of Cuba and the United States, de Valera's argument for an independent Irish republic was made in the Americas. How did de Valera's movement across the U.S. alter his political views of Ireland? How were presentations of de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ mediated across the ‘Irish world’? How did discourse on the Monroe Doctrine inform Anglo-Irish negotiations between Truce and Treaty? Exploring de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as global case study, this article concludes, ultimately, can shift the historiographical significance of ‘foreign experience’ from nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland to the flows and circulation of transnational revolution.

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Collins, T. "PATRICK F. MCDEVITT. May the Best Man Win: Sport, Masculinity, and Nationalism in Great Britain and the Empire, 1880-1935. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2004. Pp. ix, 179. $55.00." American Historical Review 111, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.2.439.

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22

Beck, Peter J. "Reba N. Soffer . History, Historians, and Conservatism in Britain and America: From the Great War to Thatcher and Reagan . New York : Oxford University Press . 2010 . Pp. viii, 345. $99.00." American Historical Review 116, no. 1 (February 2011): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.1.140.

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23

DAVIS, LANCE. "The Global Export of Capital from Great Britain, 1865–1914: A Statistical Survey. By Irving Stone. New York: St. Martin's, 1999. Pp. xi, 430. $75.00." Journal of Economic History 60, no. 01 (March 2000): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700320149.

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Follett, Richard R. "At Home and Under Fire: Air Raids and Culture in Britain from the Great War to the Blitz. By Susan R. Grayzel. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. xii, 343. $99.00.)." Historian 75, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12010_40.

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25

Behrends, Haylee. "American National Identity and Portrayal of the Russian Empire in The New York Times in the Late Nineteenth Century." HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2022.2.

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This article seeks to identify how U.S. media in the late nineteenth century sought to portray the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century. The primary focus is on the “newspaper of record” The New York Times, which reflected to a certain degree the attitudes of the American people, but more so reflected the stance of the “powers that be” in the United States – the government and the business class. The main goal of this article is not to make conjecture about what nineteenth century Americans believed, or to state that there was an agenda against the Russian Empire. Rather, the goal of this article is to demonstrate that American attitudes reflected in U.S. media towards the Russian Empire were shaped by the media, and that the portrayal of the Russian Empire was not entirely positive or negative, although followed a negative trend over time for various reasons. The reasons for negative portrayal of the Russian Empire in The New York Times were arguably connected to various tsars in power and their personalities and a shift in world alliances bringing the United States closer to Great Britain. The portrayal of the Russian Empire in U.S. media as well as the reasons for its eventual negative stance, led Russia to be a suitable “other” in American national identity formation as the twentieth century unfolded.

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26

Akram, Adnan. "Darn Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Business. 2012. 529 pages. U.S $ 17.00." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i3pp.276-278.

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“Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty” is an impressive book by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. In this book, the authors attempt to solve the longstanding puzzle that why some nations, such as the United Sates, Great Britain, Germany, etc. are rich today, and why the others, such as Zimbabwe, Ghana, Egypt, etc. are poor. The authors show with the help of substantial historical evidence that man-made economic and political institutions matter for the vast differences in the level of economic development among countries. They argue history is the key to understand the difference and evolution of economic and political institutions in different parts of the world. During historical evolution of the institutions, small differences and contingency (e.g., Black Death) matter a lot. According to them, it is not the geography, culture, weather or the choice of wrong policies that make countries rich or poor but it is the institutions that make countries rich or poor.

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27

Choi, Tina Y. "Jeffrey S. Reznick. Healing the Nation: Soldiers and the Culture of Caregiving in Britain during the Great War. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2004. Pp. xii+172. $69.95 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 45, no. 2 (April 2006): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504233.

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Donaldson, Peter. "Jeffrey S. Reznick . Healing the Nation: Soldiers and the Culture of Caregiving in Britain during the Great War . (Cultural History of Modern War.) New York : Manchester University Press . 2004 . Pp. xii, 172. $75.00." American Historical Review 115, no. 3 (June 2010): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.115.3.892.

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Tananbaum, Susan L. "W. D. Rubenstein. A History of the Jews in the English-Speaking World: Great Britain. (Studies in Modern History.) New York: St. Martin's Press. 1996. Pp. viii, 539. $49.95. ISBN 0-312-12542-9." Albion 29, no. 2 (1997): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051813.

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30

Tehranian, Majid. "Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954, Mary Ann Heiss, New York: Columbia University Press, 1997, 328 pp., including bibliography and index." Iranian Studies 33, no. 3-4 (2000): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021086200002644.

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Constantine, Stephen. "General and Thematic - S. Martin Gaskell, Model Housing. From the Great Exhibition to the Festival of Britain. London and New York: Mansell, 1987. x + 180 pp. Bibliography. £26.50." Urban History 15 (May 1988): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800014073.

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McGowen, Randall. "Roger Chadwick. Bureaucratic Mercy: The Home Office and the Treatment of Capital Cases in Victorian England. (Modern European History–Great Britain.) New York: Garland Publishing Inc.1992. Pp. 424. $104.00." Albion 25, no. 1 (1993): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051076.

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Harling, Philip. "David Stasavage. Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State: France and Great Britain, 1688–1789. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xii+211. $60.00 (cloth). ISBN 0-521-80967-3." Journal of British Studies 44, no. 2 (April 2005): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429770.

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Wayment, Hilary. "York Minster: the Great East Window. Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, Great Britain. Summary Catalogue 2. By Thomas French. 310mm. Pp. 161, 24 p. of pls. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1995. ISBN 0-19-726136-1. £45.00." Antiquaries Journal 76 (March 1996): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500047855.

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Dadkhah, Kamran M. "Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954, by Mary Ann Heiss. 328 pages, notes, bibliography, index. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1997. $22.50 (Paper) ISBN 0-231-10819-2." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 32, no. 2 (1998): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400037974.

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Krome, Frederic. "The Great Naval Game: Britain and Germany in the Age of Empire, by Jan RugerThe Great Naval Game: Britain and Germany in the Age of Empire, by Jan Ruger. Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2007. xv, 337 pp. $95.00 US (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 43, no. 1 (April 2008): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.43.1.154.

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Barnett, L. Margaret. "Sharon Schildein Grimes. The British National Health Service: State Intervention in the Medical Marketplace, 1911–1948. (Modem European History—Great Britain Series.) New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.1991. Pp. viii, 239. $64.00." Albion 24, no. 3 (1992): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051020.

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Maes, Ivo. "John H. Wood, A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005) pp. 439, xv, $90, ISBN 0-521-85013-4." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 29, no. 1 (March 2007): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200009652.

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Iancu, Anca-Luminiţa. "Cultural Encounters: Glimpses of the United States in Late Twentieth-Century Romanian Travel Narratives." East-West Cultural Passage 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ewcp-2019-0005.

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Abstract Travel narratives are complex accounts that include a significant layer of factual information – related to the geography, history, and/or the culture of a particular place or country – and a more personal layer, comprising the author’s unique perceptions and rendering of the travel experience. In the last thirty years of transition from a communist to a democratic society, the Romanians have been free to travel to any country they choose; however, during the communist period, especially during the 1980s, travelling to Western, capitalist countries, such as France, Great Britain, Canada, or the United States, was rather limited and fraught with complex issues. Still, Romanian travelers during that time managed to visit the United States, on diplomatic- or business-related exchanges, and published interesting travel stories of their experiences there. Therefore, this essay sets out to capture, from a comparative perspective, the impressions and encounters depicted by Radu Enescu in Between Two Oceans (1986), Ion Dinu in Traveler through America (1991) and Viorel Sălăgean in Hello America! (1992), with a view to analyzing how their descriptions and perceptions of two major urban spaces, New York City and San Francisco, reflect the complexity of the American social and cultural landscape in the late 1970s and mid-1980s.

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Kerr, K. Austin. "Regulating Big Business: Antitrust in Great Britain and America, 1880–1920. By Tony Freyer · New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. xiii + 399 pp. Notes and index. $59.95, ISBN 0-521-35207-X." Business History Review 67, no. 1 (1993): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117477.

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Niemi, Albert W. "Management and Higher Education Since 1940: The Influence of America and Japan on West Germany, Great Britain and France. By Robert R. Locke. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. xiii, 328. $59.50." Journal of Economic History 50, no. 3 (September 1990): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700037773.

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Scherer, Paul H. "C. J. Bartlett. Defence and Diplomacy: Britain and the Great Powers, 1815-1914. (New Frontiers in History.) Manchester: Manchester University Press; distributed by St. Martin's Press, New York, N. Y. Pp. vi, 144. $39.95." Albion 26, no. 1 (1994): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052144.

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Johnson, Hubert C. "War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century, edited by Jay Winter and Emmanuel Sivan. and, Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance, by Alex King.War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century, edited by Jay Winter and Emmanuel Sivan. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1999. vii , 260 pp. $59.95 U.S.Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance, by Alex King. Oxford, England, Berg, 1998. xii, 274 pp. $19.50 U.S. (paper)." Canadian Journal of History 35, no. 1 (April 2000): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.35.1.159.

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Yochelson, Ellis. "The Question of Primordial and Cambrian/Taconic: Barrande and Logan/Marcou." Earth Sciences History 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.lm6ql05572n38221.

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Joachim Barrande in 1846 recognised the Primordial Silurian fauna as the oldest of three faunas he identified in stratigraphic order in Bohemia. A key point in development of the early Paleozoic stratigraphic column was Barrande's 1850 identification of elements of his Primordial fauna in Great Britain. The link between rocks comprising the Cambrian System and a distinctive fauna was a factor in the eventual acceptance of the validity of the system that Sedwick had named.A decade later, Barrande also recognized the Primordial fauna as occurring in the Taconic System of Emmons in eastern New York and western Massachusetts. Despite arguments from the beginning as to the geologic basis of this system, some geologists used it in a more widespread sense in New England and Canada. William Logan eventually realized that structural complexities near Quebec City provided a spurious sequence of faunas in supposed correlatives of the Taconic. With interpretation of a younger age for the Quebec Group, Logan took this group out of the Taconic and effectively removed "Taconic" fossils from much of Canada, thereby helping restrict usage to the type area.Jules Marcou vigorously defended priority of the Taconic. He repeatedly published that Barrande was essentially ignored or injured by Logan. Correspondence, both published and private, demonstrates that this is not the case; they mutually respected each other's scientific abilities. Marcou, and a small but vocal minority of American geologists, supported the use of Taconic during the 1870's and 1880's, but discovery by Walcott in 1887 of Ordovician fossils in Massachusetts Taconic rocks effectively ended debate as to priority of Cambrian.

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Fomicheva, Daria Vladimirovna. ""Picturesque graphics": three pencil technique, multi-layered charcoal drawing." Secreta Artis, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 16–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51236/2618-7140-2021-4-1-16-46.

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The article describes methods of achieving painterly qualities while drawing with soft materials, which include: 1) creation of a polychrome image effect using an extremely limited color palette (white, black and red chalk (sanguine)); 2) thorough work on a multi-layer charcoal drawing employing techniques similar to those of multi-layer watercolor, oil and pastel painting, as well as papier-pelle drawing. The study was first conducted by analyzing drawing manuals, catalogs of manufacturers and suppliers of art materials from France, Great Britain, Germany, USA and Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. What is more, the author of the article assembled a collection of antique tools and materials for drawing with charcoal, black chalk or crayon, stumping chalk (pulverized charcoal), sanguine and white chalk, the use of which was widespread in the aforementioned period. The annex to the article provides photographs of the described instruments and materials accompanied by the aggregate data from art manuals, catalogs and price lists of drawing material suppliers from London, Paris, New York, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan, published over a period from 1851 to 1913. The drawing tradition of the second half of the 19th century is among one of the most complex and challenging in the entire history of graphics, as it peculiarly combines in itself a variety of instruments and delicate thoroughness of techniques. As a result of the research, the author was able to expand and complement the existing knowledge about graphic techniques, which allows for teaching academic drawing and studying the history of drawing by applying new data and unique illustrative material.

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Healey, Robert M. "With Eyes Toward Zion, Volume II: Themes and Sources in the Archives of the United States, Great Britain, Turkey and Israel. Edited by Moshe Davis. Second International Scholars Colloquium on America-Holy Land Studies. New York: Praeger, 1986. xxvi + 410 pp. $42.95." Church History 56, no. 3 (September 1987): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3166108.

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Thorpe, Andrew. "Noreen Branson. History of the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1941-1951. London: Lawrence and Wishart; dist. by New York University Press. 1998. Pp. vi, 262. $22.50 paper. ISBN 0-85315-862-2. - Phil Cohen, ed., Children of the Revolution: Communist Childhood in Cold War Britain. London: Lawrence and Wishart; dist. by New York University Press. 1998. Pp. 189. $ 19.50 paper. ISBN 0-85315-841-X." Albion 31, no. 2 (1999): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000063298.

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Orme, Nicholas. "York Minster. A catalogue of medieval stained glass. Fasc. I. The West Windows of the Nave. By Thomas French and David O'Connor. (Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi. Great Britain, III.) Pp. xx + 96 with 31 plates, 73 text-figures, 2 microfiches. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1987. £29.50. 0 19 726053 5." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 39, no. 3 (July 1988): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900038598.

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Dott, Robert. "Lyell in America—His Lectures, Field Work, and Mutual Influences, 1841-1853." Earth Sciences History 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 101–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.15.2.b4n1102556ju6736.

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Charles Lyell visited North America four times in the twelve years from 1841 to 1853. Except for the last visit, he both lectured and travelled widely to study geology. In 1841 he opened the second season of Lowell Lectures in Boston, and in early 1842 he gave essentially the same lectures again at Philadelphia and New York. In 1845 and 1852, Lyell lectured only at Boston. In 1853, he returned briefly as a British representative at the New York Industrial Fair. The New York lectures were published verbatim, and Lyell's incomplete notes for his lectures, newspaper accounts, and his wife Mary's correspondence from America provide some insight about the others. During 25 months of travel spanning a dozen years, the Lyells saw more of the United States and southeastern Canada—from the Atlantic coast to the lower Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and from the St. Lawrence Valley to the Gulf Coast—than had most citizens of the New World. After the first two visits, Lyell published two travel journals, which contain much material about American geology, geologists, and general natural history, as well as perceptive commentaries upon most aspects of life in the two young nations. The lectures and journals together provide important insights into the development of geology in America and of Lyell's thinking. In spite of the fact that Lyell was a poor speaker, the lectures were great successes with the public. American geologists, however, gave more qualified assessments. Major topics covered by the lectures, which reflected the major current issues of the science, included during an eleven-year span: Crustal movements and the earth's interior; Uniformity of processes through geologic time; Coral reefs; Carboniferous conditions and coal formation, as well as the early appearance of land animals; Origin of the drift and the Sinking and submergence of land; Biogeography; and the Uniformity of an organic plan, including negative commentary about progression and transmutation. Lyell's use of examples from both America and abroad gave the subject a cosmopolitan aspect, and his use of many large diagrams was much acclaimed. Geology was becoming well established in the New World, and Lyell participated in the third annual meeting of the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists in 1842. For field work, he followed his well-honed tactic of seeking experts as guides for efficient learning about local geology and grilling them incessantly. Although initially enthused and open, American geologists soon became apprchensive about Lyell's acquisitiveness for their data. Eventually Lyell's bibliography was enhanced by more than 30 titles on American geology in addition to two travel books, the first of which included a colored geologic map of most of the then United States and adjacent Canada. His other books, Principles of Geology and Elements of Geology, also benefited from countless American examples and from the publication of American editions. Lyell's reputation was enhanced by his American adventures, for, like Darwin and Murchison before, his travels attracted much attention both in the London Geological Society and in the British press. But the visits also enhanced the stature of geology in the New World, and Lyell made several significant original contributions to the understanding of American geology. Moreover, the visits by Charles and Mary Lyell produced a positive impression of America abroad, for they were very captivated by their friendly and industrious hosts and spoke well of them in Britain. On balance, it would seem that the visitors and hosts benefitted about equally.

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Prothero, Iorwerth. "Reformers, Radicals, and Class in England - The Great Reform Bill in the Boroughs: English Electoral Behaviour, 1818–1841. By John A. Phillips. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pp. xii + 337. $69.00. - Entrepreneurial Politics in Mid-Victorian Britain. By G. R. Searle. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. viii + 346. $59.00. - After Chartism: Class and Nation in English Radical Politics, 1848–1874. By Margot C. Finn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xii + 361. $59.95." Journal of British Studies 34, no. 4 (October 1995): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386092.

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