Journal articles: 'Great Britain – Antiquities, Roman'

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Mahmoud, Shadia Mohamed Salem. "Nationalization and Personalization of the Egyptian Antiquities: Henry Salt a British General Consul in Egypt 1816 to 1827." International Journal of Culture and History 3, no. 2 (December 24, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v3i2.7357.

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<p>In 1998, an anthropologist, Philip L. Kohl stated that archaeological findings are manipulated for nationalist purposes and that archaeology’s development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is associated with nationalism, colonization, imperialism, sometimes personal in Europe.<a title="" href="file:///F:/Nationalization%20and%20Personalization%20of%20the%20Egyptian%20antiquities.1%20-%20Copy.doc#_ftn1">[1]</a> Kohl’s statement is significant because it conveys how archaeology emerged as a national mission. During the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, Egyptian antiquities were at the center attention. Mythical and historical evidence for Greeks and Romans inEgypt were cited in order to justify the extensive excavations which were linked to a rising European national self consciousness. Consequently, the great imperialist powers, France and the Great Britain (who saw themselves as heirs of the Greeks and Romans) were determined to fulfill their national museum with the Egyptian antiquities.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///F:/Nationalization%20and%20Personalization%20of%20the%20Egyptian%20antiquities.1%20-%20Copy.doc#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Philip L. Kohl, “Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past,” in <em>Annual Review of Anthropology</em>, Vol. 27 (1998), p. 223. Pp. 223-246</p></div></div>

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Hepple, L. W. "William Camden and early collections of Roman antiquities in Britain." Journal of the History of Collections 15, no. 2 (November 1, 2003): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/15.2.159.

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Collins, Rob. "The Latest Roman Coin from Hadrian's Wall: a Small Fifth-century Purse Group." Britannia 39 (November 2008): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/006811308785917204.

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ABSTRACTEight Roman coins were reported in 2007 to the Portable Antiquities Scheme. All the coins were late Roman issues, with the latest identified as a Gloria Romanorum type dating to A.D. 406–408. This coin is only the second of its type to be identified in Britain, and it was found outside the normal area of fifth-century coins in southern Britain, in the Hadrian's Wall corridor. The finding of the group with its late coin begs the question of how many more fifth-century Roman issues may be as yet undiscovered or misidentified in Britain.

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Cooley, Alison E. "Monumental Latin Inscriptions from Roman Britain in the Ashmolean Museum Collection." Britannia 49 (June 18, 2018): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x18000260.

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AbstractThis article presents some of the results of the Ashmolean Latin Inscriptions Project (funded by the AHRC 2013–2017), with new editions and commentaries on inscriptions from Roman Britain in the Ashmolean Museum. It offers an evaluation of these inscriptions based upon autopsy and digital imaging (Reflectance Transformation Imaging), and includes new photographs of them. It offers insights into the culture and society of Roman Britain as well as into the changing attitudes towards Romano-British antiquities in modern Britain from the 1600s onwards.

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Walker, Susan. "Emperors and Deities in Rural Britain: A Copper-Alloy Head of Marcus Aurelius from Steane, near Brackley (Northants.)." Britannia 45 (June 20, 2014): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x14000300.

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AbstractA half-life-sized copper-alloy head of a bearded man was published in the Portable Antiquities Scheme's report of finds from Roman Britain in 2009.1 The head was purchased by the Ashmolean Museum in 2011. In this paper evidence for the identification of the subject as a portrait of the emperor Marcus Aurelius is reviewed by comparison with metropolitan and other certainly identified heads of deities and portraits of the emperor. The technique and likely function of the head are compared with those of similarly worked Roman copper-alloy heads of emperors and deities found in South-East Britain. Finally, a brief account is given of geophysical survey and trial excavation conducted in 2012–13 in the field where the head was found. This offers a unique opportunity to explore the head's archaeological context.

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Lane, Andrew. "Emperor's Dream to King's Folly: The Provenance of the Antiquities from Lepcis Magna Incorporated into the ‘Ruins’ at Virginia Water (part 2)." Libyan Studies 43 (2012): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009870.

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AbstractIn the grounds of Windsor Great Park stands an elaborate folly in the form of an idealised classical ruin. Built at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the ruins are constructed almost entirely from reused material. This includes an important assemblage of antiquities from the Roman site of Lepcis Magna, in Libya. Whilst the origin of the collection has never been forgotten, there has been no attempt to establish the provenance of the individual elements. Through a process of comparison, this article establishes where most of the antiquities originated. Increasing our knowledge of both this important folly and the collection of incorporated antiquities, this article also explores the nature of Warrington's work at Lepcis Magna.

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Nicolotti, Andrea. "The Scourge of Jesus and the Roman Scourge." Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 15, no. 1 (August 20, 2017): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-01501006.

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According to the Gospels, Jesus suffered the flagellation before his crucifixion. The texts do not clarify the form and materials of the scourge that was utilized. Since the beginnings of the modern era, several commentators have speculated about the scourge’s form, on the basis of the Greek-Roman literary evidence and with reference to flagellation relics. In the last few centuries, scholars have provided new indications that are exemplified in great dictionaries and encyclopedic works of Greek-Roman archaeology and antiquities, as well as in the consultation works available to biblical scholars. However, a close re-examination of the whole evidence compels us to dismiss nearly all data and to conclude that we know almost nothing about the materials and form of the scourge used at Jesus’ time.

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Fadda, Salvatore. "The dismembered collection of antiquities of Lowther Castle." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 2 (November 24, 2018): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy050.

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Abstract From 1842 until his death in 1872, Sir William Lowther, 2nd Earl of Lonsdale, gathered a remarkable collection of ancient works of art. The collection was displayed in two galleries added to his manor for this purpose in 1866. Of the great assemblage, acquired through the dismemberment of previous British collections, little information has come down to our day. It was composed of more than 100 pieces of Egyptian, Etruscan, Greek, and mostly Roman sculpture, whose selection reflected the spirit of the collections of the ‘Golden Age of Dilettantism’ during the Victorian era. The collection, unusually for the time, also included a selection of Romano-British antiquities. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the formation and the dispersal of the collection and to clarify the cultural factors that determined the gathering of this eclectic assemblage of ancient objects.

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James, Simon. "Roman archaeology: crisis and revolution." Antiquity 77, no. 295 (March 2003): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061494.

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Roman archaeological research in Britain has undergone a revolution in recent years, becoming a theoretically-informed subdiscipline exploring exceptionally rich data sets in new ways. It has a great deal to offer the rest of archaeology: however, it remains unduly isolated, and some perceive serious threats to its future. These were issues discussed at the recent seminar, ‘Whither Roman Archaeology?’

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Rizzetto, Mauro, Pam J. Crabtree, and Umberto Albarella. "Livestock Changes at the Beginning and End of the Roman Period in Britain: Issues of Acculturation, Adaptation, and ‘Improvement’." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.13.

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This article reviews aspects of the development of animal husbandry in Roman Britain, focusing in particular on the Iron Age/Roman and Roman/early medieval transitions. By analysing the two chronological extremes of the period of Roman influence in Britain we try to identify the core characteristics of Romano-British husbandry by using case studies, in particular from south-eastern Britain, investigated from the perspective of the butchery and morphometric evidence they provide. Our aim is to demonstrate the great dynamism of Romano-British animal husbandry, with substantial changes in livestock management occurring at the beginning, the end, and during the period under study. It is suggested that such changes are the product of interactions between different cultural and social traditions, which can be associated with indigenous and external influences, but also numerous other causes, ranging from ethnic origins to environmental, geographic, political, and economic factors.

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Lane, Andrew. "The ruins at Virginia Water (part 1)." Libyan Studies 35 (2004): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900003721.

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AbstractOne of the more unusual attractions in Windsor Great Park is the folly beside the lake at Virginia Water. Built in the 1820's in the form of an idealised Classical ruin, it incorporates a large collection of Roman antiquities from the site of Lepcis Magna in Libya. Considering the importance of this monument, not only as one of the most elaborate follies, but one of largest assemblages of Roman architectural fragments in the country, it has received relatively little scholarly attention. As a consequence, in the summer of 2003 a thorough survey and partial excavation of the site were undertaken. The results of this work, a detailed plan of the ruins, a catalogue of the items remaining and new evidence for the origin, construction and history of the site, are presented. The provenance of the Roman elements will be examined in greater detail in part 2.

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Gerrard, James. "The Temple of Sulis Minerva at Bath and the End of Roman Britain." Antiquaries Journal 87 (September 2007): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500000871.

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The temple and baths dedicated to Sulis Minerva atAquae Sulis (Bath, Somerset)are usually seen as significant in terms of Britain's ‘Romanization’. However, it is argued here that excavations carried out in the inner precinct of the temple revealed a sequence of great importance in understanding the end of Roman Britain. For the first time the documentary, stratigraphic and artefactual evidence is drawn together alongside a series of new radiocarbon dates which establish the date of the temple's demolition as AD 450–500. This raises interesting questions regarding the process of transformation from Roman to post-Roman in Somerset and beyond.

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Peck, L. V. "Uncovering the Arundel Library at the Royal Society: changing meanings of science and the fate of the Norfolk donation." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52, no. 1 (January 22, 1998): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1998.0031.

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Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, was the most important collector in early 17th Century Britain. Much attention has been paid to his collections of painting and sculpture, his patronage of painters such as Rubens and Van Dyck and architects such as Inigo Jones, and his search through Greece and Turkey for antiquities. Little, however, has been written on the Arundel Library, which was equally famous. The cause is not hard to find: the library has been dispersed whereas the marbles and antiquities have found a home at Oxford, the manuscripts at the British Library and the College of Arms, and the paintings and sculpture remain identifiable whether at Arundel Castle or in British, continental or American museums. Yet the Arundel Library is of great significance: to the history of book–collecting by the great bibliophiles Willibald Pirckheimer and Arundel himself; to the study of the reading practices and libraries of members of the Howard family, possibly including Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and, certainly, his son, Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton; and, more generally, to the history of the book in the Renaissance and early modern Europe and the concomitant study of communities of readers.

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Ombresop, Robert. "The Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland and its Newsletter." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 25 (July 1999): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003641.

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The organisation now known as the Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland was founded in 1957, and its Newsletter was first published in 1969. The activities, publications and achievements of the Society within the Roman Catholic Church are manifold, and were acknowledged by Pope John Paul II when he granted an audience to participants of the 1992 annual conference held in Rome. This papal address is printed at the beginning of The Canon Law: Letter & Spirit (London 1995), the full commentary on the 1983 Code of Canon Law prepared by the Society.

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D'Auria, Eithne. "Sacramental Sharing in Roman Catholic Canon Law: A Comparison of Approaches in Great Britain, Ireland and Canada." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 9, no. 3 (August 28, 2007): 264–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x07000361.

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Faced with difficulties of communication between separated churches, the Roman Catholic Church has attempted to provide a framework for sacramental sharing between Christians genuinely prevented from receiving the sacraments in their respective churches and ecclesial communities. This paper first considers the Roman Catholic canonical requirements for sacramental sharing. It then addresses the approach taken in the ecclesiastical jurisdictions in Great Britain and Ireland, and compares it with that of Canada. Finally, suggestions for reform are considered.

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Cormier, Raymond. "Humour in the Roman d'Eneas." Florilegium 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.7.008.

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From a study of the extensive marginalia, gloss, and commentary tradition surrounding Virgil's Aeneid during the Middle Ages, it has been deduced that, in a number of cases, the twelfth century author of the Roman d'Eneas incorporated on numerous occasions such scholia in his adaptation of the Latin epic into Old French. That is, he adapted not only Virgil's Latin epic but also parts of the surrounding mediaeval Latin commentary as well. This argument will be demonstrated more fully in a number of studies to appear, research which is the result of a fruitful Fulbright year in Western European libraries (Holland, Switzerland, and France; and more recently, in Great Britain and Italy). In these various European libraries, over one hundred Aeneid manuscripts have been consulted and their wealth of ninth to twelfth century annotations scrutinized.

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Allen, J. R. L. "A Whetstone of Wealden Sandstone from the Roman Villa at Great Holts Farm, Boreham, Essex." Britannia 46 (July 14, 2015): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x15000318.

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AbstractExcavated in 1992–4, the villa yielded a portion of a whetstone which, on the basis of general shape, the presence of rebated long edges and microscopic petrography in thin-section, was with little doubt made from a sandstone in the Weald Clay Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the north-west Weald. It is representative of a widely recorded, major stone-based industry in Roman Britain, with finds known to range from the Channel coast to the northern frontier zone.

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Horsnaes, Helle W. "Coins from Roman Britain in light of the Portable Antiquities Scheme - PHILIPPA JANE WALTON, RETHINKING ROMAN BRITAIN: COINAGE AND ARCHAEOLOGY (Collection Moneta 137; Wetteren 2012). Pp. 274, figs. 124 (colour). ISBN 978-94-9138405-9. EUR 90." Journal of Roman Archaeology 26 (2013): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759413000731.

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Barker, Graeme. "Regional archaeological projects." Archaeological Dialogues 3, no. 2 (December 1996): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380000074x.

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Explicitly regional projects have been a comparatively recent phenomenon in Mediterranean archaeology. Classical archaeology is by far the strongest discipline in the university, museum and antiquities services career structures within the Mediterranean countries. It has always been dominated by the ‘Great Tradition’ of classical art and architecture: even today, a university course on ‘ancient topography’ in many departments of classical archaeology will usually deal predominantly with the layout of the major imperial cities and the details of their monumental architecture. The strength of the tradition is scarcely surprising in the face of the overwhelming wealth of the standing remains of the Greek and Roman cities in every Mediterranean country. There has been very little integration with prehistory: early prehistory is still frequently taught within a geology degree, and later prehistory is still invariably dominated by the culture-history approach. Prehistory in many traditional textbooks in the north Mediterranean countries remains a succession of invasions and migrations, first of Palaeolithic peoples from North Africa and the Levant, then of neolithic farmers, then metal-using élites from the East Mediterranean, followed in an increasingly rapid succession by Urnfielders, Dorians and Celts from the North, to say nothing of Sea Peoples (from who knows where?!). For the post-Roman period, church archaeology has a long history, but medieval archaeology in the sense of dirt archaeology is a comparatively recent discipline: until the 1960s in Italy, for example, ‘medieval archaeology’ meant the study of the medieval buildings of the historic cities, a topic outside the responsibility of the State Archaeological Service (the Superintendency of Antiquities) and within that of the parallel ‘Superintendencies’ for monuments, libraries, archives and art galleries.

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Harris, A. L. "Recent Acquisitions and Conservation of Antiquities at the Ure Museum, University of Reading 2004–2008." Archaeological Reports 54 (November 2008): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608400001009.

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The Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, in the Department of Classics at the University of Reading, has experienced something of a renaissance in the 3rd millennium. It acquired status as a registered museum in 2001 and accreditation in 2008. It has boasted a bespoke web-accessible database since 2002 and a professionally designed website since 2004 (www.reading.ac.uk/ure). Finally, in 2005 its physical display was completely redesigned. While the existence of the Museum and some of its collections have long been well known to scholars of Gr vases – thanks to the tireless efforts of Percy and Annie Ure in the first half of the 20th Ct, including their 1954 publication of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain 12. University of Reading (London, Oxford University Press, 1954), AR 9 (1962–1963) and some listings in Beazley and Trendall's volumes (see J.D. Beazley, Attic Red-figure Vase-painters, 2nd ed. [Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1963], A.D. Trendall and A. Cambitoglou, The Red-figured Vases of Apulia [Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1978–1982], A.D. Trendall, The Red-figured Vases of Lucania, Campania and Sicily (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1967) – much of the collection remains unknown. Even in the 1960s, after all, the publication of fragments, lamps and Cypriote ceramics remained unfashionable. And the Ures, experts in Gr pottery, were little interested in publishing the Egyptian artefacts (approximately a 5th of the displayed collection) and other non-ceramic artefacts. As part of the Ure Museum's renaissance, University of Reading staff and students are researching and gradually publishing its hidden treasures: A.C. Smith, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain 23. Reading Museum Service (Reading Borough Council) (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007) documents more than 150 vases, most in the Ure Museum, from the Reading Museum Service (Reading Borough Council); a forthcoming fascicule of the Corpus of Cypriote Antiquities will catalogue the Cypriote holdings in the Ure Museum; and another volume of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum will detail approximately 200 holdings of the Ure Museum that are hitherto unpublished. The items discussed below, however, are those that have been acquired by the Ure Museum since 2004, as well a sample of the 19 Coptic textile fragments, which have been brought out of storage, conserved by the Textile Conservation Centre in Winchester and are now displayed in the Ure Museum (since 2005).

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Pinto, Renato. "A death greatly exaggerated: Robin G. Collingwood and the "Romanisation" of Romain Britain." Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 2, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31669/herodoto.v2i2.297.

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Robin G. Collingwood is considered the great researcher of RomanoBritish studies in the interbellum period. His contributions in this field, although less famous than his works in the Philosophy of History, succeeded in inserting Roman Britain into British history, and brought in tow a unique interpretative approach that weaves philosophical and historical concepts with his archaeological research on the phenomenon of the "Romanisation" of the Roman provinces. His belief in the inevitability of the scholar's prejudice in approaching his object and in his/her need and possibility to recreate the past in his/her own mind, in the present, has given Collingwood a kind of bibliographic renaissance in post-processual archaeological production. Somehow connected to this, his conception of "Romanisation," however rigid, is indelible to the epistemological critique of the term in British postcolonialism. Collingwood’s legacy usually oscillates between the reverential and the ridiculous, something that only reinforces the importance of such longlived movements.

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Mastykova, Anna, and Alexey Sviridov. "The lunula pendants from the cemetery of Frontovoe 3 from the Late Roman Period in the South-Western Crimea." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 72, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2021.00007.

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AbstractThe flat cemetery of Frontovoe 3 was discovered in 2018 by a team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Nakhimovskii district of modern Sevastopol, in the south-western area of the Crimean Peninsula. The site comprising 328 graves was excavated completely. The cemetery appeared ca. late first century AD and ceased to exist in the late fourth or early fifth century AD. The cemetery showed expressive spatial structure and contained eloquent assemblages with abundant grave goods allowing us to determine its chronological zones. This paper addresses the finds of silver crescent-moon-shaped pendants from graves 13 and 94. Similar ornaments occurred in burial assemblages in the Crimea and the northern Dagestan, Kalmykia, Lower Don area, and also in Sarmatian graves in the Great Hungarian Plain. The lunula pendants in question form a chronological reference point for the Pontic-Danubian antiquities in the Late Roman Period.

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Horn, Jonathan A. "Tankards of the British Iron Age." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81 (November 2, 2015): 311–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2015.15.

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Iron Age tankards are stave-built wooden vessels completely covered or bound in copper-alloy sheet. The distinctive copper-alloy handles of these vessels frequently display intricate ‘Celtic’ or La Tène art styles. They are characterised by their often highly original designs, complex manufacturing processes, and variety of find contexts. No systematic analysis of this artefact class has been undertaken since Corcoran’s (1952a) original study was published in Volume 18 of these Proceedings. New evidence from the Portable Antiquities Scheme for England and Wales and recent excavations have more than quadrupled the number of known examples (139 currently). It is therefore necessary and timely to re-examine tankards, and to reintegrate them into current debates surrounding material culture in later prehistory. Tankards originate in the later Iron Age and their use continued throughout much of the Roman period. As such, their design was subject to varying influences over time, both social and aesthetic. Their often highly individual form and decoration is testament to this fact and has created challenges in developing a workable typology (Corcoran 1952a; 1952b; 1957; Spratling 1972; Jackson 1990). A full examination of the decoration, construction, wear and repair, dating, and deposition contexts will allow for a reassessment of the role of tankards within the social and cultural milieu of later prehistoric and early Roman Britain.

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Semyakina, A. V. "Property Rights to Land Plots in the Russian Federation and Great Britain: Dogmatic Approach against Pragmatism." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.128.7.179-191.

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Comparison of the phenomenon of property rights in two unrelated legal systems is an interesting task from the point of view of methodology. A simplifying factor is that English law in its origins was strongly influenced by Roman law, but developed apart from continental legal systems. As a result, using the same terminology in the field of property rights in the Russian Federation and Great Britain, different views have been formed on the nature of property rights to land plots. The paper analyzes the legal structures of real law in both countries and achieves the goal of clarifying the content of controversial terms and classifications existing in the real law of the Russian Federation; taking into account foreign experience the author determines the prospects for the development of domestic concepts of real and absolute rights. The admissibility of comparing property rights to land plots is predetermined by the use of similar legal techniques in both countries, as well as terminology borrowed from Roman law. The paper substantiates the thesis on the admissibility of using the analytical concept of law of W. N. Hochfeld as a comparative legal method of research. Fundamental differences in both legal systems will be in the idea of the object of property rights to land plots, the place of property rights in the classification of rights, in the structure and content of the corresponding legal relationship. Taking into account the analysis of the legal regulation of property rights to land plots in the two countries, theoretical provisions substantiate the conclusion about the need to preserve the idea of the absolute nature of property rights in domestic law.

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Campbell Ross, Ian. "‘Damn these printers … By heaven, I'll cut Hoey's throat’: The History of Mr. Charles Fitzgerald and Miss Sarah Stapleton (1770), a Catholic Novel in Eighteenth-Century Ireland." Irish University Review 48, no. 2 (November 2018): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2018.0353.

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The History of Mr Charles Fitzgerald and Miss Sarah Stapleton (Dublin, 1770) is a satirical marriage-plot novel, published by the Roman Catholic bookseller James Hoey Junior. The essay argues that the anonymous author was himself a Roman Catholic, whose work mischievously interrogates the place of English-language prose fiction in Ireland during the third-quarter of the eighteenth century. By so doing, the fiction illuminates the issue, so far neglected by Irish book historians, of how the growing middle-class Roman Catholic readership might have read the increasingly popular ‘new species of writing’, as produced by novelists in Great Britain and Ireland. The essay concludes by reviewing the question of the authorship of The History and offering a new attribution to the Catholic physician and poet, Dr Dominick Kelly, of Ballyglass, Co. Roscommon.

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Bliss, Alex. "Re-appraising and Re-classifying: a New Look at the Corpus of Miniature Socketed Axes from Britain." Hampshire Studies 75, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020001.

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The advent of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) has added a great deal to our understanding of prehistoric metal artefacts in England and Wales, namely in expanding enormously the corpuses of objects previously thought to be quite scarce. One such artefact type is the miniature socketed 'votive' axe, most of which are found in Wiltshire and Hampshire. As a direct result of developing such recording initiatives, reporting of these artefacts as detector finds from the early 2000s onwards has virtually trebled the number originally published by Paul Robinson in his 1995 analysis. Through extensive data-collection, synthesising examples recorded via the PAS with those from published excavations, the broad aims of this paper (in brief) are as follows: firstly, produce a solid typology for these artefacts; secondly, investigate their spatial distribution across England and Wales. As a more indirect third aim, this paper also seeks to redress the imbalance of focus and academic study specifically applying to Hampshire finds of this object type, which despite producing a significant proportion of the currently known corpus have never been the subject of detailed analysis.

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Romanyuk, Taras. "Lubor Niederle and the development of Сzech Slavic studies and archaeology in the context of Ukrainian national progress." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 21 (November 16, 2017): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2017-21-41-58.

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Activities of Czech scientists of the late XVIII-XIX centuries. concerning the study of the Slavic peoples, continued by the prominent Czech Slavic scholar, archaeologist, historian, ethnographer, philologist Lubor Niederle (1865–1944) are discussed in the article. The scientist had a good European education on anthropology and archaeology, studying in Germany and France and during his scientific trips to Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Russia, and the Balkan countries. Collected material formed the basis of his first comprehensive monograph about humanity during the prehistoric era, in particular on the lands inhabited by the Slavs. Among a large number of published researches, most important was the multivolume monograph “Slovanské starožitnosti”, in which scientist analyzed the history of the Slavs from the prehistoric period till the early Middle Ages. Publications of L. Niederle were of great interest to Ukrainian scholars (M. Hrushevskyi, F. Vovk, M. Bilyashivskyi, V. Hnatyuk, etc.). They criticized his Russophile position and defending of the dubious claims of Russian researchers about Ukrainian history. Key words: Czech Slavic studies, Lubor Niederle, Slavic antiquities, Ukrainians.

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Kamil Sorka. "Powracające pytanie o interpolacjonizm. Wspominani i zapomniani. Na marginesie zbioru „Gradenwitz, Riccobono und die Entwicklung der Interpolationenkritik”." Forum Prawnicze 1, no. 51 (October 10, 2019): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32082/fp.v1i51.158.

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It is not easy to properly aesimate the value of interpolacionism methodology. On the one hand, it caused a great diffidence among romanists analyzing Roman law sources. On the other, however, its subtility even nowadays remains respectable. Authors of texts contained in the collection „Gradenwitz, Riccobono und die Entwicklung der Interpolationenkritik” tried to explore that topic with presenting the careers of specific professors, German Otto Gradenwitz and Italian Salvatore Riccobono. The first one is known as the pioneer of the interpolacionism with his monography „Interpolationen in den Pandekten” from 1889. The second was firstly inspired by the new method, but then raised its profound criticism, followed by many other Roman law scholars. Some texts focus instead on the reception of interpolacionism among romanists of specific countries, such as Spain or Great Britain. Suprisingly France was ommitted, not to even mention Poland, Czech or Hungary. The same concerns important scholars that were interpolacionism’ adhaerents (I. Alibrandi, F. Eisele, E. Albertario).

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Owens, E. J. "The Kremna Aqueduct and Water Supply in Roman Cities." Greece and Rome 38, no. 1 (April 1991): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738350002297x.

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A good supply of water was rightly regarded as one of the essential commodities for the maintenance of urban life in the ancient world. One of the major problems with which city authorities had to deal was the maintenance of adequate supplies of water to satisfy the domestic, public, recreational, and industrial demands of the inhabitants. The Romans were particularly renowned for their hydraulic technology in general and the construction of aqueducts in particular, often bringing water from great distances. The geographer Strabo praised the engineering skills of the Romans, maintaining that veritable rivers of water flowed by means of aqueducts through the city of Rome. Close on a century later the first curator of Rome's water supply and one-time military governor of Britain, Sextus Julius Frontinus stated the same, if a little more pointedly, when he compared the achievements of the Romans in the field of water supply with the ‘idle pyramids of the Egyptians or the glorious but useless monuments of the Greeks’.

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Walker, Susan, and R. J. Brewer. "Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani: Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World. Great Britain. Vol. 1, fasc. 5. Wales." Britannia 19 (1988): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526218.

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Bloembergen, Marieke, and Martijn Eickhoff. "Exchange and the Protection of Java's Antiquities: A Transnational Approach to the Problem of Heritage in Colonial Java." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 4 (November 2013): 893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813001599.

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Sites, here the eighth-century Buddhist shrine Borobudur and other remains of the Hindu-Buddhist past located in colonial (predominantly Islamic) Java, are in this article our analytical tool to provide insight into the local and transnational dimensions of heritage politics and processes of in- and exclusion in Asia and Europe around 1900. Because we recognize these “sites” as centers of multiple historical, political, and moral spaces that transgress state boundaries, we take this concept beyond the nation-state-centered lieu de mémoire. By exploring how site-related objects traveled from temple ruins in Java to places elsewhere in the world (here: Siam, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain) and back to Java, we show the transformation of heritage engagements around 1900 at multiple locations, and we make clear why, despite professionalizing state-centered heritage politics, state control was limited. We argue that the mechanisms of exchange and reciprocal interdependence, as theorized by Marcel Mauss, are crucial to understand the moral and economic engagements that define the problem of heritage, at local and transnational levels.

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Wilson, Pete. "Understanding the English rural landscape based on Roman material recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme - T. BRINDLE , THE PORTABLE ANTIQUITIES SCHEME AND ROMAN BRITAIN (Research Publication 196, The British Museum, London 2014). Pp. iv + 146, figs. 97, tables 68. ISBN 978 0 86159 196 1. £40." Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104775941400186x.

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Joy, Jody. "‘Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble’: Iron Age and Early Roman Cauldrons of Britain and Ireland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 80 (October 28, 2014): 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2014.7.

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‘A man can live to 50 but a cauldron will live to 100’ – Old Kazakh sayingThis paper presents a re-examination of Iron Age and early Roman cauldrons, a little studied but important artefact class that have not been considered as a group since the unpublished study of Loughran of 1989. Cauldrons are categorised into two broad types (projecting-bellied and globular) and four groups. New dating evidence is presented, pushing the dating of these cauldrons back to the 4th centurybc. A long held belief that cauldrons are largely absent from Britain and Ireland between 600 and 200bcis also challenged through this re-dating and the identification of cauldrons dating from 600–400bc. Detailed examination of the technology of manufacture and physical evidence of use and repair indicates that cauldrons are technically accomplished objects requiring great skill to make. Many have been extensively repaired, showing they were in use for some time. It is argued that owing to their large capacity cauldrons were not used every day but were instead used at large social gatherings, specifically at feasts. The social role of feasting is explored and it is argued that cauldrons derive much of their significance from their use at feasts, making them socially powerful objects, likely to be selected for special deposition.

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Reid, Heather L. "Olympic Sacrifice: A Modern Look at an Ancient Tradition." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 73 (August 21, 2013): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135824611300026x.

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The inspiration for this paper came rather unexpectedly. In February 2006, I made the long trip from my home in Sioux City, Iowa, to Torino, Italy in order to witness the Olympic Winter Games. Barely a month later, I found myself in California at the newly-renovated Getty Villa, home to one of the world's great collections of Greco-Roman antiquities. At the Villa I attended a talk about a Roman mosaic depicting a boxing scene from Virgil's Aeneid. The tiny tiles showed not only two boxers, but a wobbly looking ox. ‘What is wrong with this ox?’ asked the docent. ‘Why is he there at the match?’ The answer, of course, is that he is the prize. And the reason he is wobbly is because the victor has just sacrificed this prize to the gods in thanksgiving, by punching him between the eyes. A light went on in my head; I turned to my husband and whispered, ‘Just like Joey Cheek in Torino.’ My husband smiled indulgently, but my mind was already racing. I realized that by donating his victory bonus to charity, Cheek had tapped into one of the oldest and most venerable traditions in sport: individual sacrifice for the benefit of the larger community. It is a tradition that derives from the religious function of the ancient Olympic Games and it deserves to be revived the modern world.

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Patrich, Joseph. "The carceres of the Herodian hippodrome/stadium at Caesarea Maritima and connections with the Circus Maximus." Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400019929.

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The Herodian hippodrome/stadium at Caesarea was exposed between 1992 and 1998. It runs parallel to the shore between the Herodian harbour and the theatre, at the location specified by Josephus. Josephus refers to the structure as an amphitheatre but it is clear from him and from the archaeological evidence to be described below that equestrian events were an integral part of the games held in it. In the very late Republic and early Empire, the term amphitheatre was used indifferently to designate a stadium or a hippodrome rather than the traditional Roman oval amphitheatrum. Josephus also calls this building ‘the great stadium’ in conjunction with events at the time of the procurator Pontius Pilate in A.D. 26, and it was still known by that name in the 4th c. It was inaugurated in 10/9 B.C. The games held included athletics (gymnika), horse- and chariot-races (hippika), and Roman spectacles (munera gladiatorum and venationes), so the structure had to serve the needs of the contestants and spectators of all these events. The present article is a preliminary report that focuses on the carceres excavated by the team from the University of Haifa, but it will first be helpful to summarize the history of the building as a whole as known from the adjacent work by the Israel Antiquities Authority.

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Morris, Francis M. "Cunobelinus' Bronze Coinage." Britannia 44 (July 23, 2013): 27–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x13000391.

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AbstractCunobelinus was the most significant figure in Britain during the decades leading up to the Roman invasion, though his reign has received relatively little attention. Cunobelinus' coinage is of great importance to understanding the socio-political structure of South-East Britain prior to the Roman invasion and whilst studies of his gold and silver have been published in previous editions ofBritannia(Allen 1975; de Jersey 2001), his bronzes have been subject to surprisingly little work, particularly considering that they are by far the most common struck bronze issues known from Iron Age Britain, with a total of 2,608 examples currently recorded in the Celtic Coin Index and on the PAS database combined. This study proposes a broad typological scheme with which Cunobelinus' bronzes can be ordered and demonstrates that, like Cunobelinus' silver, but unlike his gold, they can be divided into three regional groupings, which it can be argued correspond to three different political sub-groupings under Cunobelinus' control. In addition, the bronze's metallurgy and metrology and the mints at which they were struck are investigated. This article examines the contribution of coinage to understanding Cunobelinus' political history, and how he used imagery to reinforce and legitimate his power in the different regions under his control at different times during his reign. The types of sites at which Cunobelinus' bronzes have been found are also outlined and the likely function of the coins discussed.

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Rautenbach, Christa. "Law and Religion in the Liberal State." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (November 3, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a9130.

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This contribution reviews the book titled Law and Religion in the Liberal State, and edited by two scholars, namely Md Jahid Hossain Bhuiyan and Darryn Jensen. The book contains a collection of papers dealing with the relationship between law and religion in liberal jurisdictions such as Great Britain, Europe, Italy, the USA, Australia and India. It also contains a few contributions that explore the relationship between religious freedom and certain traditions, such as Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity. It also has a contribution on the theological ideas of Roger Williams, who is regarded as the founder of the Rhode Island's colony.

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Davies, Glenys, Martin Henig, and Janet Huskinson. "Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani. Great Britain. Vol. 1, Fasc. 7. Roman Sculpture from the Cotswold Region with Devon and Cornwall." Britannia 26 (1995): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526899.

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Kamh, G. M. E. "The impact of landslides and salt weathering on Roman structures at high latitudes—Conway Castle, Great Britain: a case study." Environmental Geology 48, no. 2 (June 17, 2005): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1294-2.

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Eggers, Natascha de Andrade. "DISCOVERING ANCIENT EGYPT IN MODERNITY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF AN ANTIQUARIAN, GIOVANNI BELZONI (1816-1819)." Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31669/herodoto.v1i1.28.

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The main objective of this article is to allow a better understanding of the relationship between the British Empire and Ancient Egypt, and show the ways through which European countries – and particularly Great Britain – used the image of the Egyptian civilization to build a national identity and memory. Antiquarians who travelled to search for exotic antiquities had a very important role in this process because they left in their notes a record of their thoughts about the cultures of the places they visited and about the material culture they found there. These memories and reports circulated in Europe and were regarded as a source of knowledge, since they offered a version of the unknown “other” and reported the travelers’ interpretations of the past and present of foreign places. In this article I analyze the journal of one of these antiquarians, Giovanni Belzoni, in order to understand how his discourse may have corroborated the construction of a national identity, since he helped to form a large collection of Egyptian pieces of the British Museum, in England.

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Devlin, Carol A. "The Eucharistic Procession of 1908: The Dilemma of the Liberal Government." Church History 63, no. 3 (September 1994): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167537.

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In September 1908 the British Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith, offended Roman Catholics by cancelling the procession of the Blessed Sacrament, which was to have been the climax of the 1908 international Eucharistic Congress. This incident illustrates the persistence of religious extremism as a disruptive force in British politics and the muddled manner in which Asquith's government dealt with crises. As early as 1900 social and economic issues had become the dominant focus of British politics, and Great Britain had established a reputation for religious toleration. In spite of the growing trend toward secularism, militant Protestants continued to agitate against Catholicism by resurrecting archaic laws restricting Catholic rituals.

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Waelkens, Marc, and Edwin Owens. "The Excavations at Sagalassos 1993." Anatolian Studies 44 (December 1994): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642990.

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During 1993 the excavations at Sagalassos continued for their fourth season from 3 July until 19 August. From 21 until 28 August a survey was carried out in the district immediately south and south-east of the excavation site. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven). A total of 45 Turkish workmen and 62 scientists or students from various countries (Belgium, Turkey, Great Britain, Portugal, France, Austria and Greece) were involved in the project. The team included 25 archaeologists, 8 illustrators, 8 architect-restorers (supervised by T. Patricio and directed by Prof. K. Van Balen and Prof. F. Hueber), 4 cartographers (directed by Prof. F. Depuydt), 2 geomorphologists (Prof. E. Paulissen and K. Vandaele), 2 archaeozoologists from the Museum of Central Africa at Tervuren (Belgium), 6 conservators (directed by G. Hibler-Vandenbulcke), 1 photographer (P. Stuyven), 2 computer specialists and 4 people taking care of everyday logistics. The Turkish Antiquities Department was represented by Mrs. Nurhan Ülgen for the first and by Mrs. Aliye Yamancı for the second half of the season, whom we both thank for their much appreciated help and collaboration.

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Colledge, Malcolm A. R. "Richard J. Brewer: Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World: Great Britain: Wales. (Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, Great Britain: Vol. 1, Fascicule 5.) Pp. xviii + 69; 2 text figures, 37 monochrome plates. Oxford University Press, 1986. £35." Classical Review 38, no. 1 (April 1988): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00114428.

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Parks, W. Hays. "The Protocol on Incendiary Weapons." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 279 (December 1990): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400200089.

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From the time that man discovered fire and devised ways to use it as a tool for survival and advancement, it also has been employed as a weapon for destruction. Sun Tsu's The Art of War (500 B.C.) refers to incendiary arrows, while Thucydides’ The Peloponnesian War describes a flame weapon used by the Spartans in 42 B.C. Edward Gibbon, in The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ascribes Roman success at Constantinople (1453 A.D.) to “Greek fire,” ignited naptha mixed with pitch and resin and spread upon the surface of the water. Great Britain employed Greek fire almost five centuries later as a defence along its coastlines in anticipation of an invasion in 1940.In the European wars of the 16th and 17th centuries, armies employed compulsory taxation of the countryside in lieu of looting to finance their activities. A defaulting town would have some of its buildings burned, leading to the tax being referred to as Brandschatzung, “burning money.” This practice became widespread during the Thirty Years war.

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Murphy, James J. "The Influence of Rhetoric in the Shaping of Great Britain: From the Roman Invasion to the Early Nineteenth Century. Robert T. Oliver." Journal of Religion 68, no. 2 (April 1988): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/487851.

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Senyk, Yaroslav. "«Highly respected master!»: correspondence of Jacques Hnizdovsky and Roman Ferencevych. 1977–1985 (in the Manuscript Division of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv)." Proceedings of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, no. 11(27) (2019): 387–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0315-2019-11(27)-18.

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The article describes correspondence of the world-known artist Jacques Hnizdovsky and the editor Roman Ferencevych, kept in the Manuscript Division of Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. Thirty three letters of Jacques Hnizdovsky that reveal his creative workshop during the heyday of his artistic talent, as well as twelve letters of Roman Ferencevych are presented to the scholar public for the first time. The Appendix contains six letters of R. Ferentsevych’s correspondence concerning Jacques Hnizdovsky, and also the letter of Stefanie Hnizdovsky. Roman Ferencevych, a printer and then a broadcaster in the Voice of America (Ukrainian service), first met Jacques Hnizdovsky in Svoboda printing plant in Jersey City, N. J. where he made impressions of larger-sized woodcuts. Hnizdovsky made a bookplate woodcut for the book collection of R. Ferencevych in 1979. The artist used the ink roller as a symbol of the noble profession of printing. In 1985 Jacques Hnizdovsky made the second bookplate using the Cyrillic initials «РФ». The following issues were reflected in the correspondence: creativity, directions of activity and various professional interests of the artist, ways of popularizing his art in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, China; his cooperation with art and professional organizations, academic institutions, as well as art galleries in the USA, Canada, and Western Europe; application of the Ukrainian alphabet letters in printing art; activities of Ukrainian art institutions in the US and Canada. Keywords: Jacques Hnizdovsky, Roman Ferencevych, Correspondence, Bookplate (Ex Libris), Woodcut.

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Garaz, Oleg. "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? or about The Sense of Cultural Nostalgia." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 65, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2020.2.05.

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"The evolution of the European musical culture took place in a flagrant contradiction with the traditional image of a simple succession of stylistic stages. Even if the linearity of the consecution of Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Viennese Classicism, Romanticism, Modernism and Postmodernism is only too obvious, the nature and logic of the transformations are related to the determining referentiality of the syncretic principle. But, unlike the Enlightenment conception of linear progress, applicable rather to the technological and, in general, scientific thinking, musical art has evolved in mirror symmetry to a cultural history that was separated into two great “ages”, following Eliade's idea of the sacred-profane dichotomy. Around the year 1600, the order of the constituents of the syncretic principle, which are three in number: the Sacred (the tribal societies), the mythological (the Greek and Roman Antiquities) and the ritualistic (the Middle Ages and the Renaissance), was reversed – the ritualistic and the mythological (the Baroque, the Viennese classicism and Romanticism) and the Sacred (the first modernism). In postmodernity, the syncretic principle itself is “recycled” and thus the cycle of cultural evolution closes by returning (in an obviously distorted manner) to the original principle. Keywords: syncretism, Sacred, mythological, ritualistic, three modernisms and three modernities."

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Mazzocco, Angelo. "John F. D'Amico. Roman and German Humanism, 1450-1550. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vermont and Great Britain: Variorum, 1993. xii + 350 pp. $89.95." Renaissance Quarterly 50, no. 3 (1997): 930–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3039308.

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Mavropoulos, Nikolaos. "The First Italo-Ethiopian Clash over the Control of Eritrea and the Origins of Rome’s Imperialism." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 88–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2021.470105.

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In the wake of Italy’s unification, the country’s expansionist designs were aimed, as expected, toward the opposite shore of the Mediterranean. The barrage of developments that took place in this strategic area would shape the country’s future alliances and colonial policies. The fear of French aggression on the coast of North Africa drove officials in Rome to the camp of the Central Powers, a diplomatic move of great importance for Europe’s evolution prior to World War I. The disturbance of the Mediterranean balance of power, when France occupied Tunisia and Britain held Cyprus and Egypt, the inability to find a colony in proximity to Italy, and a series of diplomatic defeats led Roman officials to look to the Red Sea and to provoke war with the Ethiopian Empire.

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Mavropoulos, Nikolaos. "The First Italo-Ethiopian Clash over the Control of Eritrea and the Origins of Rome's Imperialism." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 88–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2020.470105.

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Abstract In the wake of Italy's unification, the country's expansionist designs were aimed, as expected, toward the opposite shore of the Mediterranean. The barrage of developments that took place in this strategic area would shape the country's future alliances and colonial policies. The fear of French aggression on the coast of North Africa drove officials in Rome to the camp of the Central Powers, a diplomatic move of great importance for Europe's evolution prior to World War I. The disturbance of the Mediterranean balance of power, when France occupied Tunisia and Britain held Cyprus and Egypt, the inability to find a colony in proximity to Italy, and a series of diplomatic defeats led Roman officials to look to the Red Sea and to provoke war with the Ethiopian Empire.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Great Britain – Antiquities, Roman'

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