Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GRC'

The thesis focuses on a characterization of an integrated method of enterprise management called GRC (Governance, Risk management & Compliance), a description of its components in a relation to the enterprise management and explores software tools dedicated to support this approach to the management. The thesis gives examples of some of the most significant frameworks for the management of GRC's components and illustrates a real life use of this method on an example of two Czech companies.

As fibras de vidro são usadas há alguns anos com a finalidade de melhorar a resistência à tração e ao impacto de compósitos cimentícios. Mas, os álcalis do cimento Portland atacam essas fibras causando a degradação de suas propriedades mecânicas. Para contornar essa degradação, há alguns anos, foram desenvolvidas as fibras álcalis-resistente (AR) que, embora tenham apresentado melhor desempenho que as fibras de vidro convencionais, ainda apresentam perda de desempenho com o tempo. Esse trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um novo tipo de fibra na forma de telas, a partir das fibras de vidro convencionais, usando uma impregnação de PVC como barreira para impedir o ataque químico dos álcalis do cimento. A análise da eficiência dessas telas em relação à durabilidade foi feita por meio de processo de envelhecimento acelerado e, a seguir, foram estudados os vários tipos de aplicação delas em elementos construtivos à base de matrizes cimentícias concomitantemente como o uso de barras de GFRP. Como resultado final comprovou-se a eficiência da resina desenvolvida na pesquisa para impregnação das fibras em relação à sua durabilidade frente ao meio alcalino do cimento Portland e a adequação do uso das telas impregnadas com essa resina em diversos tipos de produtos de matrizes cimentícias para construção civil.
Glass fibers are used since several years to improve the tensile and impact strengths of cement composites. But, the alkalis from Portland cement attack the glass fibers causing the deterioration of its mechanical properties. For overcome this degradation, some years ago, were developed the fibers alkali-resistant (AR) which, although presented as the best performance fiber glass conventional, still show a loss of performance over time. This work deals with the development of a new type of fiber in the form of mesh, from conventional glass staple fibers, using a PVC impregnation as barrier to hinder the chemical attack alkalis them it cement to these. The analysis of the efficiency of these fibers in relation to the durability was made by means of process accelerated ageing and, next, concomitantly studied some types of application of these fibers in constructive elements to the cements matrix with the use of bars of GFRP. The final result showed tha the resin developed in this work is efficient how coating of conventional fibers to get durability on the alkaline environment and the mesh impregnated with this resin are appropriates of the use in many kinds of products to construction made from cements matrixes.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une articulation entre les coûts et la valeur, à l'aide d'un dialogue entre modèle ABC et outil GRC. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons, dans une première partie, mis en place un modèle par activités et processus au sein d'une entreprise de micronutrition. Nous avons réalisé une première tentative de dialogue entre ABC et CRM à l'aide de l'expérimentation sur le segment pharmacies. Nous avons utilisé le modèle d'acquisition, rétention et développement du marketing relationnel afin de construire les objets intermédiaires support de l'analyse de la rentabilité et donc de la valeur pour l'entreprise. Les résultats de cette expérimentation ont révélé le potentiel d'un tel dialogue. Mais la rupture intervenue au sein de l'organisation, au cours de la recherche, a conduit à l'abandon du modèle ABC que nous avions élaboré. Cet abandon a été suivi par la mise en place d'un nouveau modèle également inspiré par l'analyse des activités, et dérivé de la réorganisation intervenue en 2008. La seconde partie de la thèse montre l'impact du changement en contrôle de gestion au sein de l'entreprise. Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse met en lumière les difficultés d'ordre technique, organisationnel, humain et théorique, liées à la mise en place d'un projet d'articulation ABC et GRC

Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) Information Systems (IS) as an integrated technology has been introduced recently to facilitate the demanding operational and financial environment of the enterprises. The implementation process and the adoption of such systems is considered as a significant parameter influencing the success of operational performance and financial governance and could support the competitive advantage practices within the organisations. However, GRC literature is limited regarding the analysis of the implementation and adoption success. Therefore, there is a need for further research and contribution about these systems and more specifically their implementation process. Consequently, this investigation and analysis can provide an insight of this process by examining the aspects of the implementation, the lifecycle phases followed and the enterprise value drivers in each of these phases. Therefore, a framework was developed for structuring the analysis of this implementation including all these three elements as these were provided by the theoretic background. The empirical context of this research includes three field investigation studies based on the experience of key implementation stakeholder groups as participants. These investigation studies were analysed using thematic techniques following an interpretative qualitative analysis approach. It was proved that organisations have, directly or indirectly, followed specific lifecycle phases when they implement GRC systems as these are also described in the framework. Also they should consider specific aspects about the GRC systems and enterprise value drivers for the different lifecycle phases but also for a holistic approach of the implementation process. Hence new GRC implementation projects can use the phases and the analysis of these elements to facilitate and ease their decision-making and strategic planning before launching the implementation project. The analysis of the GRC implementation proved that a strict GRC environment can be established in the organisations through the successful implementation of a GRC technology. The implementation process of such technologies would require a preparation for the organisational environment in order the implementation project to succeed the GRC goals and the system to be integrated and optimised harmoniously within the enterprise environment. This study provides insight of how this implementation projects could be planned and developed and gives a directive blueprint for preparing organisations hosting such technological initiatives. The results of all field investigation phases, which can be considered as the contributions to theory and practice of this research, can have twofold implications: initially the development of a theoretical framework based on enterprise systems theories, and also an analysis of the GRC implementation process in specific. The framework is designed to structure the analysis of the GRC implementation aspects, the lifecycle phases and the enterprise value drivers of the GRC implementation process. This framework is used for visualising and structuring a specific analysis of the GRC adoption and success, and therefore this analysis can be used by practitioners and researchers to further evaluate and analyse this process. Furthermore, organisations can use this analysis for decision-making processes; as this analysis can provide a primary view for the implementation projects.

This thesis presents the work done during my master degree projects under the supervision of Alexander Suh and Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano. My work focused on the development of in-silico methods to improve the assembly of the Germline Restricted Chromosome (GRC) of songbirds, more specifically that of zebra finch.GRCs are a good example of the popular saying "The exception that proves the rule". For a very long time, it was assumed that every cell in a healthy multicellular organism carries the same genetic information. Cytogenetic evidence dating back as far as early XX century suggests that this is not always the case, as it has been documented that certain organisms carry supernumerary B chromosomes, which are dispensable chromosomes that are not part of the normal karyotype of a species. GRCs are often regarded as a special case of B chromosomes, where every individual from a species carries an additional chromosome whose presence is restricted to germline cells only. GRCs presence has been documented in insects, hagfishes and songbirds. A peculiar case of GRCs is that of zebra finch, whose GRC has an estimated size of over 150 Mb, accounting for over 10% of zebra finch total genome size. Despite the first cytogenetic evidence of zebra finch GRC dating back to 1998, it was only last year that the first comprehensive genomic study about this relatively large chromosome was published. This study shed some light on the gene content of the GRC in zebra finch, revealing that the GRC of zebra finch mostly consists of paralogs of A chromosomal genes. The GRC assembly and annotation that were published as part of this study included 115 GRC-linked genes that were identified through germline/soma read mapping, as well as 36 manually curated scaffolds with a median length of 3.6 kb. Considering the conspicuous size of the GRC of zebra finch, it is clear that this is a very fragmented and likely incomplete GRC assembly. There are many factors that can have a negative impact on assembly completeness and contiguity. In the GRC case, these factors collectively affect coverage in ways that are not properly handled by available genome assemblers. In the course of my master degree project I developed kFish, a bioinformatic software to perform alignment-free enrichment of GRC-linked barcodes from a 10x Genomics linked-read DNA Chromium library. kFish uses an iterative approach where the k-mer content of a set of GRC-linked sequences is compared with that of reads corresponding to each individual 10x Genomics barcode. This comparison allows kFish to identify likely GRC-linked barcodes, and then only use reads corresponding to these barcodes when trying to assemble the GRC. First benchmarking results generated using five GRC-linked genes from zebra finch as reference sequences, show that kFish is not only capable of assembling already known GRC-linked sequences, but also new ones with high confidence. kFish can do all of this in a matter of hours, using only few gigabytes of system memory, while previous efforts took over two days to assemble zebra finch genome and identify GRC-linked scaffolds using an approach based on read mapping. High quality genome assemblies and annotations are the foundations of modern genomics research, the lack of which greatly limits the breadth of the questions that can be answered. There is still a lot that we do not understand about GRCs, and part of this is due to the lack of high quality GRC assemblies and annotations. Producing such an assembly will likely require an integrated approach, where multiple sequencing technologies as well as bleeding edge bioinformatic tools such as kFish, are combined together to produce an high quality assembly, which will be crucial to unravel the mystery of GRCs function and evolutionary history.

Cette thèse se penche sur l'impact des questions culturelles sur le choix du client au moment d'acheter des étrangers, et sur la GRC (Gestion de la Relation Client) en Iran. L'objectif premier est d'examiner l'impact de l'ouverture culturelle et du nationalisme sur la volonté ou la réticence de la clientèle à acheter des produits étrangers et sur sa satisfaction globale. L'objectif second est d'étudier l'impact des questions culturelles sur la GRC. Les questions posées par cette recherche se focalisent sur les points suivants : 1) quels sont les impacts réels des questions culturelles sur la GRC ? 2 ) Les questions culturelles peuvent-elles avoir un impact sur le jugement du produit par la clientèle ? 3) Quels sont les impacts des questions culturelles (nationalisme et ouverture culturelle) sur la volonté de la clientèle iranienne à acheter des produits étrangers ou sur sa réticence à en acheter ? 4) La prise de conscience de l'impact des questions culturelles peut-elle conduire à une meilleure Gestion de la relation Client ? Une partie de la revue de la littérature inclut : Payne & Frow's CRM Conceptual Framework (2004), Models of national culture par Modern (1999), Culture's consequences, (1980) par Hofstede, Cultures and organizations par Hofstede (1991)
This dissertation focuses on the impact of cultural issues on the Customer's choice to buy foreign products and CRM (Customer Relationship Management) in Iran. The primary goal is to examine the impact of cultural openness and nationalism on the customers' willingness and reluctance to buy foreign products on their overall satisfaction. The secondary goal is to study the impact of cultural issues on CRM. The research question focus on : 1) what are the real impacts of cultural issues on CRM ? 2) Can cultural issues have an impact on the customers' product judgement ? 3) What are the impacts of the cultural issues (nationalism and cultural openness) on the Iranian customers' willingness to buy foreign products and reluctance to buy foreign products ? 4) Can the awareness of the impact of cultural issues lead to a better Customer relationship Management ? Some of the literature reviews include : Payne & Frow's CRM Conceptual framework (2004), Models of national culture by Modern (1999), Culture's consequences, (1980) by Hofstede, Cultures and organizations by Hofstede (1991)

[ES] En el ámbito de los materiales compuestos o composites para la construcción, el cemento reforzado con fibras de vidrio (GRC, del inglés glass fiber reinforced cement) es el más extensamente utilizado, por sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas (resistencia a flexión y tenacidad). Sin embargo, la durabilidad de estos composites se ha demostrado crítica, y es necesario proponer alternativas. Las fibras usadas, de carácter álcali-resistente (fibras AR, formadas por agrupación de filamentos), son atacadas por el medio agresivo que impone el cemento hidratado. Una alternativa interesante, desde el punto de vista tecnológico, es la incorporación de materiales cementantes suplementarios de carácter puzolánico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la influencia de las diferentes adiciones activas en morteros de GRC, observando el comportamiento de los elementos constitutivos del material en condiciones normales de curado, y también al ser sometidos a procesos de envejecimiento controlado. Asimismo, se analiza el comportamiento de los nuevos composites sometidos a diferentes medios agresivos, evaluando la durabilidad y la mejora de los compuestos por medio de la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas, químicas y físicas. Se han elaborado probetas de GRC a través del procedimiento de premezcla (premix) y se han determinado sus propiedades mecánicas (resistencia a flexión, tenacidad y módulo de elasticidad). Adicionalmente, se han cuantificado las ganancias de resistencia al comparar composites GRC basados en cemento Portland (especímenes control) con otros en los que se ha sustituido hasta el 60% de dicho cemento por adiciones puzolánicas. Al objeto de mejorar la reactividad de las puzolanas, en algunos casos se ha implementado un aumento de su finura a través de la molienda (cenizas volantes molidas, CVm) o de procesos de sonicación (humo de sílice sonicado, HSS). Los especímenes de GRC han sido sometidos a un proceso de envejecimiento (tratamiento en agua a 55ºC durante un período prolongado) y se ha observado un empeoramiento muy importante de la resistencia a flexión y la tenacidad de aquellos que poseen solamente cemento Pórtland como componente cementante. Los composites GRC que contienen cantidades elevadas de puzolana (60% de CVm) o mezclas de puzolanas (50%CVm / 10%HSS, 50%CVm / 10%FCC) presentan una mejora sustancial de las propiedades mecánicas con respecto a los GRC control. La mejora de estos sistemas GRC con elevados porcentajes de puzolanas reactivas se han confirmado a través de estudios físicos y físico - químicos: evaluación de densidad, absorción, estudios microscópicos (lupa y microscopía electrónica de barrido) y análisis termogravimétrico. En cuanto a la respuesta de los composites GRC frente a diferentes disoluciones agresivas, se ha demostrado el efecto beneficioso de la presencia de puzolanas. Después de la exposición de los morteros de GRC a una disolución de NH4Cl, el comportamiento mecánico de los morteros puzolánicos se mantiene por encima del mortero GRC control: esto se debe a la relación directa existente con el incremento de la densidad y la disminución de grado de absorción del composite con la sustitución puzolánica. Al evaluar las propiedades de los morteros de GRC después de su exposición a una disolución de H2SO4, se observan diferencias muy importantes en la evolución de la masa, resistencia a flexión y tenacidad: los composites control son más afectados por la acidez del medio, de modo que la pérdida de masa es muy significativa si se compara con los GRC que presentan puzolanas. La estancia en la empresa Saint Gobain Vetrotex, ha permitido confirmar una gran similitud en los resultados obtenidos mediante los procedimientos seguidos en el laboratorio de la UPV (compuestos de GRC premezclado) comparados con las prácticas desarrolladas por el laboratorio de materiales de la empresa (composites de GRC proyectado). Se han evaluado
[CAT] En l'àmbit dels materials compostos o compòsits per a la construcció, el ciment reforçat amb fibres de vidre (GRC, de l'anglès glass fiber reinforced cement) és el més extensament utilitzat, per les seves excel·lents propietats mecàniques (resistència a flexió i tenacitat). No obstant això, la durabilitat d'aquests compòsits s'ha demostrat crítica, i cal proposar alternatives. Les fibres usades, de caràcter àlcali-resistent (fibres AR, formades per agrupació de filaments), són atacades pel medi agressiu que imposa el ciment hidratat. Una alternativa interessant des del punt de vista tecnològic és la incorporació de materials cimentants suplementaris de caràcter putzolànic. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és estudiar la influència de les diferents addicions actives en morters de GRC, observant el comportament dels elements constitutius del material en condicions normals de curat, i també quan son sotmesos a processos d'envelliment controlat. Així mateix, s'analitza el comportament dels nous compòsits sotmesos a diferents mitjans agressius, avaluant la durabilitat i la millora dels compostos mitjançant la determinació de les seves propietats mecàniques, químiques i físiques. S'han elaborat provetes de GRC a través del procediment de mescla prèvia (premix) i s'ha determinat les seves propietats mecàniques (resistència a flexió, tenacitat, mòdul d'elasticitat). Addicionalment s'han quantificat els guanys de resistència al comparar compòsits GRC basats en ciment Portland (espècimens control) amb altres en què s'ha substituït fins al 60% d'aquest ciment per materials putzolànics. A l'objecte de millorar la reactivitat de les putzolanes, en alguns casos s'ha implementat un augment de la seva finor a través de la mòlta (cendres volants mòltes, CVm) o de processos de sonicació (fum de sílice sonicat, HSS). Els espècimens de GRC han estat sotmesos a un procés d'envelliment (tractament en aigua a 55ºC durant un període prolongat) i s'ha observat l'empitjorament molt significatiu de la resistència a flexió i la tenacitat d'aquells que posseeixen solament ciment Pòrtland com a component cimentant. Els compòsits GRC que contenen quantitats elevades de putzolana (60% de CVm) o mescles de putzolanes (50% CVm / 10% HSS, 50% CVm / 10% FCC) presenten una millora substancial de les propietats mecàniques respecte als GRC control. La millora d'aquests sistemes GRC amb elevats percentatges de putzolanes reactives s'han confirmat a través d'estudis físics i fisicoquímics: avaluació de densitat, absorció, estudis microscòpics (lupa i microscòpia electrònica de rastreig) i anàlisi termogravimètric. Pel que fa a la resposta dels compòsits GRC enfront de diferents dissolucions agressives, s'ha demostrat l'efecte beneficiós de la presència de putzolanes. Després de l'exposició dels morters de GRC a una dissolució de NH4Cl, el comportament mecànic dels morters putzolànics es millor que el morter GRC control: això es deu a la relació directa existent amb l'increment de la densitat i la disminució del grau d'absorció del compòsit amb la putzolana. Quan s¿ha avaluat les propietats dels morters de GRC després de la seva exposició a una dissolució H2SO4, s'observen diferències molt importants en l'evolució de la massa, resistència a flexió i tenacitat: els compòsits control són més afectats per l'acidesa del medi, de manera que la pèrdua de massa és molt significativa si es compara amb els GRC que presenten putzolanes. L'estada a l'empresa Saint Gobain Vetrotex, ha permès confirmar una gran similitud en els resultats obtinguts mitjançant els procediments seguits en el laboratori de la UPV (compostos de GRC amb premescla) comparats amb les pràctiques desenvolupades pel laboratori de materials de l'empresa (compostos de GRC projectat). S'han avaluat prototips per a la indústria de l'GRC projectat.
[EN] In the field of composite materials for construction, glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) is the most widely used, due to its excellent mechanical properties (resistance to bending and toughness). However, the durability of these composites has been demonstrated to be critical and alternatives need to be proposed. The used fibers, alkali-resistant (AR fibers, formed by grouping of filaments), are attacked by the aggressive medium imposed by the hydrated cement. An interesting alternative, from a technological point of view, is the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials of pozzolanic behaviour. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of the different mineral additions in GRC mortars, observing the behaviour of the constituent elements of the material under normal curing conditions and controlled aging processes. Likewise, the behaviour of new composites subjected to different aggressive environments is analyzed, evaluating the durability and improvement of the compounds by determining their mechanical, chemical and physical properties. GRC specimens have been produced through the premix procedure and their mechanical properties (flexural strength, toughness, and modulus of elasticity) have been determined. Additionally, resistance gains have been quantified when comparing GRC composites based on Portland cement (control specimens) with others in which up to 60% of that cement has been replaced by pozzolanic additions. In order to improve the reactivity of pozzolans, in some cases an increase in its fineness has been implemented through grinding (ground fly ash, CVm) or sonication processes (sonicated silica fume, HSS). The GRC specimens have been subjected to an aging process (treatment in water at 55ºC for an extended period) and worsening of the flexural strength and toughness of those who only have Portland cement as cementitious component has been observed. GRC composites containing high amounts of pozzolan (60% CVm) or mixtures of pozzolans (50% CVm / 10% HSS, 50% CVm / 10% FCC) show a substantial improvement in mechanical properties compared to the control GRC. The improvement of these GRC systems with high percentages of reactive pozzolans have been confirmed through physical and physical-chemical studies: evaluation of density, absorption, microscopic studies (magnifying glass and scanning electron microscopy), and thermogravimetric analysis. Regarding the response of GRC composites against different aggressive solutions, the beneficial effect of the presence of pozzolans has been demonstrated. After the exposure of the GRC mortars to a NH4Cl solution, the mechanical behavior of pozzolanic mortars remains above that of the control GRC mortar: this is due to the direct relationship existing with the increase in density and the decrease in the absorption of the composite with the pozzolanic replacement. When evaluating the properties of GRC mortars after exposure to an H2SO4 solution, very important differences are observed in the evolution of the mass, flexural strength and toughness: the control composites are more affected by the acidity of the medium, so that the loss of mass is very significant when compared to the GRCs that present pozzolans. The stay at the Saint Gobain Vetrotex company has confirmed a great similarity to the results obtained by the procedures followed at the UPV laboratory (premixed GRC compounds) compared to the practices developed by the company's materials laboratory (composites of projected GRC). Scalable prototypes have been assessed for the projected GRC industry.
Lalinde Castrillón, LF. (2020). Estudio de compuestos de GRC y adiciones activas: Propiedades mecánicas, envejecimiento acelerado y durabilidad [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/157637
TESIS

Phenylethynyl terminated imides (PETI) are high temperature, high performance matrix resins that can be processed into composites by various methods including resin transfer molding (RTM) arid vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). PETI resins have experienced extremely rapid development in recent years, with major emphasis placed on engineering applications that take advantage of their high cured TgS,high thermooxidative stability, high strength to weight ratio, outstanding mechanical properties, and compatibility with RTM and VARTM processing. In recent years the addition of nanoparticles to resin systems has been shown to further enhance the mechanical properties and thermooxidative stability. In this study, we incorporated nanoporous aluminosilicate materials, otherwise known as zeolites, into PETI resin GRC-A, and investigated the effect the zeolites have on the viscosity, cure kinetics, thermooxidative stability and other thermomechanical properties of GRC-A. Rheological and differential scanning calorimetry studies conducted on the GRC-Alzeolite mixtures showed that zeolite L acts like a filler and retards the curing of the phenylethynyl end-groups, while zeolite Y catalyzes the curing process. Additionally, cure kinetic studies via melt rheology and DSC confirmed that the activation energies for GRC-A/zeolite Y mixtures as lower than for neat GRC-A and GRC-A/zeolite L mixtures, further supporting zeolite L acts as a filler while zeolite Y serves as a catalyst during the cure process. While the cured Tgs, from the DMA and TMA studies showed that in spite of the catalytic properties of zeolite Y; it did not afford additional properties over GRC-A and zeolite L mixtures. However, the catalytic properties of zeolite Y allows PETI resins to be cured at a lower temperatures, which could lead to lower energy costs in the production of composite parts from PETI resins.

Magisteruppsats i företagsekonomi inom ramen för Civilekonomprogrammet med företagsekonomisk inriktning vid Internationella Handelshögskolan i Jönköping Titel                                   Koll på SOX – En fallstudie av implementeringen av SAP GRC Version 10 inom delar av ABB-koncernen. Författare                           Lars Björmsjö, Jacob Öberg Handledare                       Gunnar Rimmel Ämnesord                         GRC, intern kontroll, SAP, Sarbanes-Oxley Act Sammanfattning Bakgrund (och problem): Med de redovisningsskandalerna som skakat den finansiella världen i början av 2000-talet, har lagstiftningen stramats åt för företag för att förhindra att detta inträffar igen. Lagar som SOX ger tydliga direktiv på hur företagen ska stärka sina interna kontroller. Att efterleva SOX är en kostsam historia då, de ställer hårda krav på intern kontroll samt system för att hantera de ökade kontrollerna. Problembakgrunden till denna uppsats bygger på kraven att efterleva SOX och hur ett internationellt företag kan använda sig av ett IT-verktyg som SAP GRC för att klara av de hårdare kraven. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utföra en fallstudie på hur processen bakom implementeringen av SAP GRC version 10 ser ut i ett multinationellt företag som ABB och vilken roll SOX har i sammanhanget Avgränsningar: Författarna har valt att avgränsa sig till att enbart titta på implementeringen av SAP GRC, och tittar då inget på andra aktörers liknande produkter. Vidare har författarna valt att bara titta på implementeringen inom det brittiska ABB.  Metod: Studien har ett kvalitativ angreppssätt. Studien är en fallstudie vilket innebär att personlig kontakt i form av telefonintervjuer har varit enda metoden för att samla in data till empirin. Resultat/Slutsats: Författarnas slutsats av undersökningen fastställs i att SOX har en väldigt viktig roll i implementeringen av SAP GRC, det är anledningen till implementeringen. Vidare har det framkommit att implementeringen är ett väldigt omfattande arbete, som är mycket kostsamt i både monetära mått samt tid. Dock är detta, det mest effektiva och kostnadseffektiva sättet att efterfölja SOX från ett ABB perspektiv Diskussion: Författarna ser ett par områden för förbättring inom användningen av GRC på ABB för att få ut det mesta av verktyget, samt att effektivera hanteringen av risker. Vidare ser författarna förslag till vidare forskning. I dag finns det ingen direkt forskning på konceptet eller verktyget GRC, författarna finner det intressant om en vetenskapligt grundad definition skulle undersökas.
Master Thesis in Business Administration within the Civilekonomprogram at Jönköping International Business School Title                                   Keeping track of SOX – A case study of the implementation of SAP GRC Version 10 in parts of the ABB Group Authors                              Lars Björmsjö, Jacob Öberg Tutor                                                        Gunnar Rimmel Subject terms            GRC, internal control, SAP, Sarbanes-Oxley Act Abstract Background (and problem): In the reflections of the accountings scandals that occurred in the beginning of this millennium, legislations have tightened to prevent this kind of event to reoccur. Legislations like SOX provide clear directives on how companies should strengthen their internal controls. Compliance with SOX is a costly affair when, they place heavy demands on internal controls and systems to manage the increased controls. Problem discussion to this thesis is based on the requirements to comply with SOX and how an international company can use a tool like SAP GRC to meet the stricter requirements  Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a case study on how the process behind the implementation of SAP GRC version 10 looks in a multi-national company such as ABB and the role played by SOX in the implementation process. Delimitations: The authors have chosen to delimitate thesis merely to look at the implementation of SAP GRC, and do not look at other players at the market, nor their GRC solutions. Furthermore, the authors have chosen to only look at the implementation of SAP GRC at ABB in the United Kingdom. Method: The study has only a qualitative approach. The study is a case study which means that personal contact in the form of telephone interviews has been the only method to gather data for empirical choose of the authors. Results and Conclusions: The authors' conclusion of the study acknowledges that SOX has a very important role in the implementation of SAP GRC, and is the main reason for the implementation. Furthermore, it has emerged that the implementation is a very comprehensive work, which is very costly in both monetary and time measures. However the authors have concluded that implementing SAP GRC is the most efficient and cost effective way to comply with SOX from an ABB perspective. Discussion: According to the authors opinion there are a few areas for improvement in the use of GRC at ABB, in order to get the most out of the tool and to streamline the management of risks. Due to the lack of current research within the field, the authors would find it very interesting if a scientifically based definition of GRC would be investigated.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Governance Risk and Compliance (GRC) software applications are designed to facilitate the GRC process. GRC software inherently faces the same implementation challenges as any other Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software. The design and usability of GRC software contribute substantially to how much value is added to the GRC process and as GRC is still in its infancy; it is likely to keep evolving as this process matures. Due to the inconstant nature of the GRC process, GRC software applications require a large amount of customisation to meet the special requirements of each organisation. The objective of this research was to establish the extent to which GRC software applications add value to the GRC process. The researcher also tried to establish whether organisations, that are currently using GRC software applications, gain more value from the GRC process than before they implemented GRC software applications. He conducted the research by presenting research questions, in the form of a questionnaire, to the risk executives of three Western Cape companies. The author of this research paper collected the responses from each company by conducting one-on-one interviews with each of the executives concerned and then reviewed and analysed the interview results of each company. Finally, the author completed a cross case analysis, by comparing GRC software application dimensions and characteristic ratings across the three companies concerned. The research indicated that there is not a great difference in importance between the five GRC design dimensions because they all received high performance ratings. There were some differences, however, in the perceived performance of each dimension, when analysing the dimension characteristics ratings. The research showed that the greatest benefit, of the use of GRC software applications, is the ability to add structure and consistency to the GRC process.

Os materiais cimentícios são materiais frágeis que apresentam resistências à tração e capacidades de deformação muito baixas. Uma das formas de contornar a fragilidade destes materiais é a utilização de fibras curtas, descontínuas e dispersas. Um exemplo destes materiais cimentícios são os produzidos com fibras de vidro, comumente denominados pela sigla GRC. Apesar dos diversos avanços apresentados na tecnologia do GRC, ele ainda apresenta uma degradação significativa das suas propriedades ao longo do seu envelhecimento. Além disso, por ser um material que começou a ser produzido em escala industrial há pouco tempo no Brasil, há uma carência de pesquisas que caracterizem os GRCs produzidos com materiais locais. Portanto, esta pesquisa veio com o objetivo geral de avaliar o GRC produzido com fibras de vidro álcali-resistente (tipo AR) e com os materiais disponíveis comercialmente na cidade de Porto Alegre com relação as suas propriedades mecânicas e durabilidade. Mais especificamente, estudou-se a influência do tamanho das fibras (35mm e 17,5mm), da adição de sílica ativa (5%) e metacaulim (5%, 10% e 15%), da relação agregado/cimento (1,00 e 1,10) e da idade (28, 42, 49 e 56 dias). As propriedades estudadas foram: limite de proporcionalidade (PEL), módulo de ruptura (MOR), índices de tenacidade (I5, I10 e I30), módulo de elasticidade na flexão (MEF), absorção de água (ABS), massa especifica (MES) e porosidade aparente (PAP). Além disso, utilizou-se um método acelerado de ataque em água a 50°C, em diversos períodos de ataque (14, 21 e 28 dias), para estudar o efeito do envelhecimento nas propriedades mecânicas do GRC. Os resultados mostraram que, enquanto algumas propriedades são majoritariamente dependentes da matriz, outras são fundamentalmente dependentes das propriedades do reforço. Apesar do aumento das fibras provocar melhorias na resistência última e na capacidade de absorção de energia do material, ele também gera pertubação naquelas propriedades que as características da matriz são mais relevantes devido ao fato das fibras dificultarem o adensamento do GRC. Com o uso de elevados teores de metacaulim, os compósitos produzidos com fibras curtas apresentaram MOR e índices de tenacidade elevados (também obtidos com fibras longas), mantendo o efeito benéfico do uso deste tamanho de fibras nas propriedades que dependem mais das matrizes. As propriedades majoritariamente dependentes das características das fibras (MOR, I5, I10 e I30) se mostraram muito sensíveis ao ataque. Ademais, o uso das adições pozolânicas não se mostrou capaz de reter tais propriedades para os tempos estudados.
The cementitious materials are fragile materials that show low tensile strengths and low capacity of deformation. One way of dealing with the fragility of these materials is the utilization of short, discontinuous and disperse fibres. One of these cementitious materials is the one usually called by the term GRC. Despite the advances of the GRC technology, this material shows high degradation of its properties throughout the life cycle. Besides that, the fact of being a material which has recently been produced in Brazil on a industrial scale, there is an enormous lack on researches about GRC produced with local materials. Therefore, this research was envisioned with the main objective of evaluating the GRC properties produced with alkali-resistent glass fibres (AR type) and with materials commercially available in Porto Alegre, analyzing its mechanical properties and durability. Specifically, it studied the influence of fibre length (35 mm and 17,5 mm), of silica fume (5%) and metakaolin addition (5%, 10% and 15%), of aggregate/cement relation (1,00 and 1,10) and of the age (28, 42, 49 and 56 days). The measured properties were: proportional limit (PEL), modulus of rupture (MOR), toughness indexes (I5, I10 and I30), modulus of elasticity in bending (MEF), water absorption (ABS), bulk density (MES) and apparent porosity (PAP). In addition, the mechanicals properties of GRC under the effect of ageing (stored in water at 50°C to accelerate the ageing) were investigated where the test were carried out after 14, 21 and 28 days of the accelerated ageing. The results showed that while some properties are mainly influenced by the matrix properties (PEL, MEF, ABS, MES and PAP), others are basically dependent on the fiber reinforcement properties (MOR, I5, I10 and I30). Despite the fact that GRC produced with greater fibre length showed increases at MOR and in energy absorption capacity, it lead to losses of those properties that are mainly influenced by the matrix because it is more difficult to consolidate this GRC. Furthermore, the addition of high contents of metakaolin in composites produced with short fibres leads to MOR and toughness indexes to the higher levels found (gotten with long fibres), keeping the benefic effect of using short fibres at the properties that are basically function of the matrix properties. The MOR, I5, I10 and I30 decreased when the GRC suffer accelerated ageing. The results also showed that the use of pozzolanic additions wasn't able to retain the mechanical properties of GRC throughout time

Cette étude se penche sur l’analyse qui a été faite du harcèlement au travail au sein de la GRC à travers des rapports et une enquête publique réalisés en 2013. À la lumière de la littérature critique quant aux diverses définitions et formes du harcèlement au travail, sur les suivis à privilégier et sur les particularités des cultures paramilitaires, nous avons regardé si ces travaux ont su englober la question du harcèlement dans une structure comme celle de la GRC dans toute la complexité qu’elle pose, au regard d’une perspective féministe sur la question. Bien que nous constations que des concepts importants reliés au harcèlement n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une analyse exhaustive, nous espérons que notre analyse permettra de jeter les bases pour une meilleure compréhension d’une problématique complexe, soit le harcèlement au travail dans une organisation paramilitaire.

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This dissertation deals with the use of fiberglass as a concrete addition, in order to improve its mechanical properties such as better crack distribution, or as polymer reinforcement, in order to form a composite to be externally or internally used as reinforcement to other material as concrete or masonry or to use itself as a structural member. The literature review presented is believed to achieve the current state-of-art of the fiberglass use in civil construction applications. Next, usual approaches to dimensioning structural members in GFRP are presented. Construction systems and processes using this material are assessed focused to civil construction. Themes as the technology spread up, Brazilian applications and eventual difficulties are focused. With this research one expects to approach the text to the state-of-art up today.
Essa dissertação trata da utilização da fibra de vidro de duas formas distintas. A primeira como uma adição ao concreto para melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas num elemento estrutural qualquer, visando minimizar a propagação de fissuras por diversas ações. A segunda forma como reforço de polímeros diversos, os quais dão origem a elementos estruturais ou componentes de reforço estrutural interno ou externo de estruturas de concreto, em complemento ou substituição ao aço. É feita a revisão bibliográfica sobre as pesquisas e aplicações que representam hoje o estado-da-arte do uso desses materiais em construção civil. Em seguida, enumeram-se alguns processos de cálculo usuais para esse sistema construtivo. Posteriormente, são apresentados diversos exemplos de aplicação que fazem uso da fibra de vidro. do GRC ou dos GFRP como componentes estruturais, com enfoque para a construção civil. São abordados aspectos relativos à disseminação da tecnologia, aplicações no Brasil e dificuldades a serem transpostas. Com essa pesquisa espera-se aproximar o texto ao estadoda- arte até hoje.

As argamassas e concretos de cimento Portland são materiais de construção duráveis, relativamente baratos que, embora apresentem boa rigidez e adequada resistência à compressão, têm outras propriedades deficientes, tais como: resistência à tração, ao impacto, à fadiga, além de baixa tenacidade e ductilidade. Uma considerável melhora destas propriedades pode ser obtida com adição de fibras, em quantidades adequadas, na composição destes materiais. A utilização de fibra de vidro convencional (tipo E) no reforço das argamassas de cimento Portland, pode ser viável uma vez contornado o ataque do meio alcalino à fibra, principalmente o hidróxido de cálcio Ca(OH)2, produzido na hidratação do cimento. No presente trabalho foi obtida uma menor intensidade de ataque alcalino às fibras de vidro E, por meio da modificação com látex Estireno Butadieno, da adição de sílica ativa em substituição ao cimento Portland e da utilização de ambos concomitantemente. Outro procedimento utilizado, visando uma maior durabilidade das fibras de vidro, foi a proteção da superfície desta fibra com uma película de látex Estireno Butadieno e de uma mistura deste látex e sílica ativa. A eficiência de um e outro procedimento foi verificada por meio da comparação dos resultados de ensaio à tração e flexão, em amostras submetidas a processo de hidratação convencional e acelerado e observações pro meio de microscopia óptica.
Portland cement mortar and concrete are durable building materials, relatively cheap and, despite they display a good rigidity and an adequate compressive strength, they have other deficient properties such as tensile strength, impact, fatigue, beyond low toughness and ductility. A considerable improvement of these properties can be obtained adding fibers, in adequate quantities, in the composition of the materials. The use of conventional glass fiber (E-glass) in the reinforcement of Portland cement mortar can be possible if the attack of the alkaline environment, produced by cement hydration (chiefly by calcium hydroxide), to the fiber is controlled. In this work, a lesser intensity of alkaline attack on the E-glass fibers was succeded through the modification of the Portland cement matrix by styrene butadiene latex, the addition of silica fume or through the utilization of both additives at the same time. Another proceeding, aiming at a greater durability of the E-glass, has been the protection of the fiber surface with a styrene butadiene latex coating or with a mixture of this same latex and silica fume. The efficiency of each proceeding was verified by the comparison of tensile strength and flexural strength in samples submitted to accelerate and conventional hydration processes and by the observation of the interface glass/matrix with optical microscopy.

A drawbar pull (DP) test procedure was developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) for testing and developing designs for off-road vehicles. The motivation was to develop a procedure that would produce repeatable results and could be replicated by other researchers. While developing the test methodology, it became apparent that there was a certain degree of scatter in the results among identical tests. In order to characterize the disparities, an experimental study was conducted consisting of systematically varying specific test parameters. The selected performance metric was the DP-TR (travel reduction) relation. The selected parameters were: 1) the starting terrain condition, 2) the distance traveled by the vehicle under an applied, constant DP force, and 3) the density of the prepared terrain. Respectively, these parameters were selected to observe: 1) how differences in the starting area, or â launch pad,â would affect the resulting performance of a test, 2) if a steady-state region of performance exists and how does performance change with the distance traveled, and 3) the relationship between prepared terrain density and performance. These experiments were conducted in a dry, granular, cohesionless, silica based soil called the GRC-1 Lunar Soil Simulant. The results of these studies were that the variations in both the starting terrain condition and the distance traveled did not significantly affect performance. The relationship between performance and terrain density was that only in a region of low density was the TR constant; subsequently, the TR decreased steadily with increasing density.
Master of Science

This thesis is the first systematic history of the Geelong Regional Commission (GRC), and only the second history of a regional development organisation formed as a result of the growth centres policy of the Commonwealth Labor Government in the first half of the 1970s. In particular, the thesis examines the historical performance of the GRC from the time of its establishment in August 1977 to its abolition in May 1993. The GRC Commissioners were subject to ongoing criticism by some elements of the region's political, business, rural and local government sectors. This criticism focused on the Commissioners' policies on land-use planning, their interventionist stance on industrial land development, major projects and industry protection and their activities in revitalising the Geelong central business district. This thesis examines these criticisms in the light of the Commission's overall performance. This thesis found that, as a statutory authority of the Victorian Government, the GRC was successful over its lifetime, when measured against the requirements of the Geelong Regional Commission Act, the Commission's corporate planning objectives and performance indicators, the corporate performance standards of private enterprise in the late 1990s, and the performance indicator standards of today's regional economic development organisations in the United States of America, parts of the United Kingdom and Australia. With the change of Government in Victoria in October 1992 came a new approach to regional development. The new Government enacted legislation to amalgamate six of the nine local government councils of the Geelong region and returned regional planning responsibilities to the newly formed City of Greater Geelong Council. The new Government also made economic development a major objective of local government. As a result, the raison d'etre for the GRC came to an end and the organisation was abolished.

Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Department of Civil Engineering Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-05-25) Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

This original, reflective practitioner study researched whether professionalising IA could be successfully achieved, in line with the UK Cyber Security Strategy expectations. The context was an observed changing dominant narrative from IA to cybersecurity. The research provides a dialectical relationship with the past to improve IA understanding. The Academic contribution: Using archival and survey data, the research traced the origins of the term IA and its practitioner usage, in the context of the increasing use of the neologism of cybersecurity, contributing to knowledge through historical research. Discourse analysis of predominantly UK government reports, policy direction, legislative and regulatory changes, reviewing texts to explore the functions served by specific constructions, mainly Information Security (Infosec) vs IA. The Researcher studied how accounts were linguistically constructed in terms of the descriptive, referential and rhetorical language used, and the function that serves. The results were captured in a chronological review of IA ontology. The Practitioner contribution: Through an initial Participatory Action Research (PAR) public sector case study, the researcher sought to make sense of how the IA profession operates and how it was maturing. Data collection from self-professed IA practitioners provided empirical evidence. The researcher undertook evolutionary work analysing survey responses and developed theories from the analysis to answer the research questions. The researcher observed a need to implement a unified approach to Information Governance (IG) on a large organisation-wide scale. Using a constructivist grounded theory the researcher developed a new theoretical framework - i3GRC™ (Integrated and Informed Information Governance, Risk, and Compliance) - based on what people actually say and do within the IA profession. i3GRC™ supports the required Information Protection (IP) through maturation from IA to holistic IG. Again, using PAR, the theoretical framework was tested through a private sector case study, the resultant experience strengthening the bridge between academia and practitioners.

In this thesis, RXTE timing analysis of Galactic Microquasars GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105, the Chandra and RXTE joint spectral analysis of GRS 1915+105 are presented. We have investigated quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the black hole binaries GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105 observed in 99 and 122 observations made by the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on board Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) in both low energy band (2-12 keV) and high energy band (13-27 keV), respectively. Four different X-ray states are seen in the combined characteristics of power spectra, light curves extracted by using All Sky Monitor (ASM) and spectra during 1996 and 2005. Timing analysis of RXTE observations of both of two black hole binaries GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105 displays twin high frequency quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) which are sometimes simultaneous in high energy band. It is also shown that the time averaged 30 ksec Chandra grating spectrum analysis and RXTE spectrum analysis of recent observation of GRS 1915+105 in the very high state are consistent with the parameters which were mentioned before. We briefly discussed our results and the models on black hole spin and mass.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This project presents the history, basic information and advantages of using Software De ned Radio (SDR), diversity, layer division multiplexing (LDM) technique and the latest digital TV standards in a digital communication system. These subjects have been relevant in the scienti c community, making the project attractive in terms of the possibility of discoveries and optimizations. After that, the implementation of a digital communication system using these technologies is proposed. This implementation was performed by means of GRC simulation software and the use of C++ and Python programming languages. Therefore, it was necessary to test the steps of coding, modulation and digital transmission / reception. Finally, tests were performed with systems that use diversity, for example, Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), as well as setting Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO), using the settings 1x 2, 1x3 and 1x4, in order to compare possible advantages in spectrum utilization, data rate and system robustness to interference.
O presente projeto apresenta o histórico, as informações básicas e as vantagens da utilização do rádio definido por software, do inglês Software Defined Radio (SDR), da diversidade, da técnica de multiplexacão por divisão em camadas, do inglês Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) e dos mais modernos padrões de TV digital em um sistema de comunicação digital. Estes temas vêm repercutindo de forma relevante na comunidade científica, tornando o projeto atrativo em termos de possibilidade de descobertas e otimização. Posteriormente, a implementação de um sistema de comunicação digital unindo estas tecnologias _e proposta. Esta implementação foi realizada por meio do software de simulação GNU Radio Companion (GRC) e do uso das linguagens de programação C++ e Python. Para tanto, foi necessário testar as etapas de codificação, modulação e a transmissão/recepção digital. Finalmente, foram realizados testes com sistemas que utilizam diversidade, como, por exemplo, os métodos com uma entrada e uma saída, do inglês Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), além do método com uma entrada e múltiplas saídas, do inglês Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO), com as configurações 1x2, 1x3 e 1x4, com o intuito de comparar possíveis vantagens no aproveitamento do espectro, na taxa de dados e na robustez do sistema à interferências.

Hedgehog related genes have been shown to play a major role in development in all deuterostomes. In C.elegans, such genes have been found where the similarity is restricted to the C-terminal domain. This work has focused on the hedgehog related C.elegans proteins called ground (grd), ground-like (grl), and wart (wrt) which appear to form a unique structural family.These proteins are cysteine rich and have conserved cysteine patterns which, together with thethought that they are secreted, are expected to be in disulfide form. Since the extracellular environment is very oxidizing and due to the conserved cysteine pattern, disulfide bonds are thought to play a big part in the folding and stabilization of these proteins. The stability of the protein and the formation of a disulfide bond are related through a thermodynamic cycle, which insures that the stabilization of the protein by the disulfide is reflected by the identical stabilization of the disulfide by the protein. Practically, there are numerous parameters that can be used to try to achieve the correct disulfide bonds and folding, when doing in vitro trials, some of which were used in this project. C.elegans proteins grd-5, grd-13, grl-24, wrt-3 and wrt-5 were studied in this project. All of the proteins were expressed and purified with success, with theexception of grl-24. All constructs formed inclusion bodies. Some refolding attempts were performed on grd-13 and wrt-3. The presence of a disulfide bond in refolded grd-13 was demonstrated using chemical fragmentation. In general, these attempts did not give correctly folded proteins but provide a foundation to continue experiments aimed at producing a native-like protein for structural and functional studies.

L'etude du vocabulaire est faite a partir de 150 heures d'enregistrements - 130 realisees avec l'accord des locuteurs mis en confiance et 20 autres sans leur accord - effectues dans les villes d'athene, de salonique, de patras et dans des villages de toute la grece continentale. Les locuteurs utilises sont au total 279 dont 112 femmes et leur age varie entre 16 et 55 ans. Les textes recueillis fournissant un materiel de 2939 pages manus- crites avec une moyenne de 210 mots par page soit un total d'environ 618000 mots. Les mots retenus dans les listes presentees ont ete emis par au moins 5 locuteurs differents. Le but de la recherche est de fournir un vocabulaire par ordre decroissant des occurrences, materiau a partir duquel il y aurait elaboration de methodes d'enseignement du grec moderne en tant que langue etrangere mais egalement distribution des mots dans les fonctionnels, les nombres et pour les verbes dans les temps, modes et voix. Les vocables ont ete repartis, de facon arbitraire, en trois grandes classes en fonction du nombre de leurs occurences : - les vocables rencontres 30 fois au moins constitueraient ce qu'on
This study is carried out from 150 hours of recording - 130 hours have been recorded with the agreement of the speaker, been at ease, and 20 hours have been recorded without the agreement of the speakers. The recording took place in athens , thessalonique patras and in villages of continental greece. The speakers are 279 -among then 112 women- and their age varies from 16 to 55 years. The collected data furnish 2939 manu- scripts pages, on average 210 words per page, that is to say about 618. 000 words the words held were used by at least 5 different speakers. The goal of this research is to give a vocabulary in order of occurences. With these data on can elaborate methods of teaching modern greek -foreign language-but also realize the distribution of the nouns -as far as the cases and the numbers are concerned-and verbs-as far as tenses. Moods and voices are concerned we distinguished, arbitrarily, three classes of words according to their frequency. Words used at least 30 times constitute the basic greek language. They concern 1553 words and groups of words. At the level il we find 1613 words which occur from 10 to 30 times and at the level iii words which occur from 5 to 9 times. The results are pre- sented in 7 fascicles

L'ordre des mots en grec ne dispose que d'une liberté apparente et doit être analysé comme un fait linguistique, non comme un exercice de style. A partir d'un corpus de quarante-deux extraits, reflets aussi fidèles que possible de la langue parlée, et couvrant une suite ininterrompue de vingt-cinq siècles, nousavons étudié la place du détermiant au génitif, des pronoms personnels objets, du sujet (en particulier son épitaxe) et des adjectifs. De ce travail analogique et contrastif, se dégagent les modes d'évolution de l'ordr des mots et des périodes-charnières dans la chronologie. Le polymorphisme du grec ancien est devenu au cours des siècles évolutif et sélectif. Ainsi, la langue grecque a choisi, éliminé, conservé, adoptantà date récente un ordre des mots moins libre où l'usage finit parfois par se faire norme. Avec un corpus plus étendu et des analyses complémentaires, on parviendra sans doute à renforcer le bilan scientifique déjà obtenu et à promouvoir les études de syntaxe diachronique du grec
The word-order in Greek only enjoys apparent freedom and must be analyzed as a linguistic feature and not as an exercise in style. Starting from a corpus of forty-two extracts that reflect as faithfullyas possible the spoken language, and ininterruptedly spanning twentyfive centuries, we have studied the place of the determiner in the genitive, of the object personal pronouns, of the subject (more accurately of its "epitaxis") and of the adjectives. From this analogical and contrastive study have emerged trends of evolution in the word-order as well as landmarks in chronology. Throughout the centuries, the polymorphism of ancient greek has evolved and becomed selective. Thus the Greek language has selected, rejected and retained, recently adopting a less flexible word-order, in which usage has eventually become the norm. A more comprehensive corpus and additional analyses would undoubtedly enable us to strengthen the scientific assessment that has already been achieved and to promote studies in greek diachronic syntax

Vattenverket Görväln i Järfälla planerar ett nytt vattenverk i framtiden, lokaliserat intill nuvarande vattenverk. Idag är den kemiska barriären, granulerat aktivt kol, ur funktion och utvärderas i det här projektet för att effektivisera processen. Den här studien fokuserar på att optimera den kemiska barriären genom att jämföra två sorter av granulerat aktivt kol (GAC). Jämförelsen sker genom analysering av löst organiskt kol (DOC), totalt organiskt kol (TOC), samt absorbans och fluorescens. Vattnet som använts i studien kommer direkt från det sandfiltrerade vattnet i Görvälnverkets reningsprocess. För att testa de olika GAC-sorterna konstruerades en kolonnuppsättning med överflödessystem. Syftet var att jämföra två olika GAC med kortare samt längre uppehållstid och deras absorberingsförmåga med avseende på DOC och TOC. Kolonner med längre kontakttid visade effektivare borttagning av DOC, TOC och fluorescerande ämnen oberoende av GAC-sort. Kolonner med FiltraSorb® 400 uppnår genombrott ungefär 30 % långsammare än Norit® 830 W för samma bäddvolymer. Skillnaden mellan längre kontakttid och kortare kontakttid var inte lika markant som skillnaden mellan GAC-sorterna. FiltraSorb® 400 presterade ungefär 30 % bättre vid borttagning av DOC och TOC jämfört mot Norit® 830 W. Adsorptionskapaciteten för Norit® 830 W försämrades betydligt snabbare än för FiltraSorb® 400. Det innebär att FiltraSorb® 400 behöver bakspolas mindre ofta och regenereras mer sällan än Norit® 830 W. FiltraSorb® 400 är därför den GAC-sort som rekommenderas för Görvälnverkets vatten med avseende på borttagning av DOC. Den här studien kommer att användas som underlag för pilotanläggningen som är stationerad intill kolonnuppställningen. Uppsättningen kommer också att användas för framtida kinetik och spårämnesförsök i vattenverket och på andra vattenverk.
There are multiple steps to be done in the drinking water treatment process. The product must obtain high quality and to do so, it must reach certain requirements. One of the treatment steps in Görväln water treatment plant, Stockholm, is to use granular active carbon (GAC). The GAC function is to filter away taste and odor in addition to acting as a chemical barrier, although the latter does not work properly in the water treatment plant today.The project´s aim is comparing the performance of two types of GAC, Norit® 830 W and FiltraSorb® 400, together with the effect of longer (21 minutes) and shorter (7 minutes) contact time (EBCT). The contact time (EBCT) is the time, in minutes, that a body of water is in contact with the GAC-filter. A longer EBCT, means lower flow, which leads to longer time for the GAC to adsorb contaminants from the water.To evaluate the difference between the GAC-types a column-test was constructed. The test allows a direct comparison to full scale operations. The water used during this study was taken directly after the sand filtration process in Görväln. The water is clear and particles visible to the naked eye are eliminated during the sand filtration. However, the small dissolved organic components (carbon) are hard to remove, which makes the GAC-filter important.The performance of the GAC was evaluated by the removal efficiency of TOC, DOC and evaluation of fluorescence and absorbance capacity. The result indicated a better performance for both GAC using a longer contact time. Best effect of the long contact time was seen during the fluorescence measurement, where calculated indexes and removal of specific compounds were distinguished.The difference between longer, 21 minutes, and shorter, 7 minutes, contact time was not as significant as the difference between the two types of GAC. FiltraSorb® 400 had a significant higher adsorbance capacity for DOC and TOC, 30 % better than Norit® 830 W, at the same bed volume. Norit® 830 W reached breakthrough much faster (~80 %) than FiltraSorb® 400 (~50%) at around 4700 bed volumes.

Le théâtre dans la Grèce Antique a développé quatre genres dramatiques : la tragédie, la comédie, le drame satyrique et le mime. Le Mime est le genre comique qui naît en Grèce dorienne, se développe en Sicile et dont l'évolution se poursuit jusqu'à l'époque hellénistique. Bien qu'il constitue une part importante de l'art dramatique grec antique, il n'y a pas eu jusqu'à nos jours de recherche systématique sur ce type de théâtre. Cette étude a pour but d'explorer ce genre dramatique inconnu. Rechercher son origine, son évolution historique et ses rapports (similitudes et différences) avec les autres genres d'art dramatique, ainsi que ses principaux créateurs constituent les principaux objectifs de cette recherche

Cette thèse est basée sur une définition de la géographie touristique, qui est "l'étude du déplacement temporaire des personnes, en groupe ou isolées, leurs rapports avec l'environnement et les conséquences, enfin la création d'activité économique". Divisée en six parties cette recherche étudie : 1) le flux du tourisme international vers la Grèce, leur importance pour le pays, pourquoi, quand, comment et qui vient en Grèce, et les impressions des touristes. Le tourisme intérieur, peu élevé par rapport au tourisme étranger. 2) Les infrastructures nécessaires pour l'accueil et le déplacement des touristes en Grèce, ainsi que l'institution étatique (EOT), chargée de promotion du tourisme grec, aussi bien l'extérieur qu'à l'intérieur de la Grèce, de la conception et l'application de programmes de développement du tourisme ainsi que les lois concernant la gestion de certaines unités (hôtels, ports de plaisance, plages etc. ) quand le cas se présente. 3) Les effets des flux et infrastructures. En effet ils impliquent une série de conséquences principalement économiques, pour les pays d'accueil, la Grèce, mais aussi pour les pays émetteurs vers la Grèce.

Le théâtre dans la Grèce Antique a développé quatre genres dramatiques : la tragédie, la comédie, le drame satyrique et le mime. Le Mime est le genre comique qui naît en Grèce dorienne, se développe en Sicile et dont l’évolution se poursuit jusqu’à l’époque hellénistique. Bien qu’il constitue une part importante de l’art dramatique grec antique, il n’y a pas eu jusqu’à nos jours de recherche systématique sur ce type de théâtre. Cette étude a pour but d’explorer ce genre dramatique inconnu. Rechercher son origine, son évolution historique et ses rapports (similitudes et différences) avec les autres genres d’art dramatique, ainsi que ses principaux créateurs constituent les principaux objectifs de cette recherche
Theatre in Ancient Greece developed into four dramatic genres: tragedy, comedy, satyrical drama and mime. Mime is the comic genre which was born in Dorian Greece, developed in Sicily and which development continues until the Hellenistic period. Although it is an important part of the ancient Greece dramatic art, up to now there was no systematic research on this type of theatre. This study aims at exploring that unknown dramatic genre. Its main objectives is the search for its origins, historical evolution and relationship (similarities and differences) with the other genres of dramatic art, as well as for its major creators

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
Construction projects have developed over several decades through the advancement of technology, increased scarcity of resources and the ever increasing pressure of time and cost constraints. Because of new technology and modern construction methods, construction projects have become increasingly complex. These complexities inherently bring new risks that must be dealt with accordingly. A contract is the primary method through which risks are allocated between the Employer and the Contractor. The conditions allocating the risks legally bind both parties to accept responsibility of those risks, therefore it is important to understand the aspects of law that has bearing on contracts. In this thesis the scope is restricted to construction contracts. Because of the role that a contract plays, especially in the construction industry context, it is important to know the requirements of a modern contract to ensure the successful completion of projects and the continued sustainability of Employer-Contractor relationships. In South Africa, the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) is a body that monitors developments in the construction industry. The CIDB has the authority to enforce legislation to ensure that contracts conform to a standard that protects the interests of both the Employer and the Contractor. One of the procurement documents endorsed by the CIDB is the General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works published by the South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE). The first edition of the GCC was published in 2004 (GCC 2004) and a revised second edition was published in 2010 (GCC 2010). In this study the GCC 2010 and the GCC 2004 are compared first through a content analysis, to establish the effect the revisions on the bias of the document (or favouring a particular party) and then by means of a survey. The objectives are: a. To test whether revisions to the GCC from the 2004 edition to the 2010 edition resulted in a change in bias (assuming it exists) and compliance with the requirements of the modern contract; b. To determine the extent and effect of alterations to standard clauses of the GCC 2010 on the way in which the contract favours a particular party; c. Providing recommendations for future revisions that would potentially improve project success, relationship building and reduce the need for significant alterations to the standard clauses. Although a construction contract is undertaken between the Employer and the Contractor, the Consultant (who is not party to the contract) commonly drafts the contract on behalf of the Employer. The findings of the study show that the revision had a significant impact on improving the clarity of the roles of the Employer and the Contractor. A marginal improvement was found in the area of payment operating mechanisms. The perceived fairness of the document neither increased nor decreased. Clauses on claims and disputes and risk and related matters were the two areas that respondents identified as having the most bias that may be detrimental to the success of a construction project. Despite survey respondents finding the GCC 2010 procurement document to be fair, clauses are still altered by Employers (probably through Consultants) resulting in a biased contract favouring the Employer. Employers and Consultants should thus be educated more on bias and fairness in contracts and on the implications of shifting more risk to Contractors by altering clauses. Ultimately, the success of any construction project is dependent on the attitudes of the participants. Even the most fair procurement document is not a substitute for a relationship built on honesty and trust.

Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört på Karlstads Universitet och Linköpings Universitet, Campus Norrköping. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka om en GCR-metoden vid namn Optimal Färgbaserad GCR är applicerbar i o ffsettryck, hur punktförstoringen påveras när i färgtryck och undersöka möjligheten för en metod som experimentellt separerar och optisk och mekanisk punktförstoring. Optimal Färgbaserad GCR fungerar så att givet en uppsättning CMY så returneras två primärfärger och svart som matchar CMY uppsättningen bäst i CIE L*a*b*-rymden. Det har visat sig att punktförstoringen är en viktig faktor som påverkar prestandan för Optimal Färgbaserade GCR-metoden så studier av punktförstoringen utfördes. Resultatet var att när det konventionella tillvägagångssättet, punktförstoringskurvor, användes så returnerade beräkningar ett stort Efel. Det visade sig att den felaktiga hanteringen av den optiska punktförstoringen i punktförstoringskurvs-approachen var anledningen till felet. På grund av den naturliga skillnaden mellan optisk och mekanisk punktförstoring, tanken (som används i punktförstoringskurvs-approachen) att representera den optiska punktförstoringen som en geometrisk area är felaktig. Detta introducerar stora fel och då framförallt när den optiska punktförstoringen är väldigt stor på grund av tryck i så hög upplösning som 1200 dpi. Detta bekräftades vid beräkningar med en spektral modell som på ett korrekt sätt tar hänsyn till både optisk och mekanisk punktförstoring. Dessa beräkningar reducerade !E-felet till rimliga nivåer på omkring 3 till 4 som max. Grundidéen till en metoden för separering av optisk och mekanisk punktförstoring gick ut på att använda en vanlig scanner som kan jobba i både transmitivt och reflektivt läge läsa in en testkarta. Sedan kan den optiska och mekaniska punktförstoringen räknas fram från de reflektiva och transmitiva indensiteterna av de inlästa bilderna av testkartorna. Det visade sig att metoden fungerar rätt bra för att estimera den mekaniska punktförstoringen för alla färger. För den optiska punktförstoringen fungerar metoden rätt bra för svart men inte för de andra tre primärfärgerna.
This report is the result of a diploma work conducted at Karlstads University and Linköping University, Campus Norrköping. The purpose of the work was to test if a color based maximum GCR-method can be used in o ffset printing, how the dot gain behaves in color print and if there is a possibility for a method that separates the optical and mechanical dot gain. The color based maximum GCR tested in this study returns for a given set of CMY-values two primaries plus black that best matches the CMY set in the CIE L*a*b*-space. Dot gain is found to be the major factor that dominates the performance of the color matching computation so studies of the dot gain in o ffset has been conducted. The result was that when the conventional approach, dot gain curves were used, the calculations returned a large E-error. It was found that the inappropriate treatment of optical dot gain in the dot-gain-curve approach was responsible for the error. Due to the intrinsic di fferences between the optical and mechanical dot gain, the concept (adapted in the dot-gain-curve approach) of representing the optical dot gain by a geometric area is incorrect which introduces severe errors especially when the optical dot gain is very big because of such a high printing resolution as 1200 dpi. This was confirmed by calculations with a spectral model which appropriately takes into account both optical and mechanical dot gain. These calculations reduced the !E-error to reasonable levels of about 3 to 4 as a maximum. The idea of separating dot gain was that with an ordinary scanner operating in both reflective and transmitive modes scan a test chart. Then the mechanical and optical dot gain could be calculated from the reflective and transmitive intensities of the scanned images of a test chart. It was shown that the method works fairly well as an estimation for mechanical dot gain for all colors. In case of optical dot gain it works well for black but not for the other three primary colors.

Glass-reinforced polymeric (GRP) materials offer certain advantages to the designer of Naval ships. A large strength-to-weight ratio, coupled with electromagnetic transparency and (possibly engineered) sound-dampening properties, render GRP materials as attractive materials for ship decks and deckhouse skins. Unfortunately, these materials, which use a thermosetting resin as a matrix material, cannot be welded as steel can. Thus, if a large structure is to be built of GRP, the inevitable joints must be either adhesively bounded or mechanically fastened. These joining techniques are frequently combined in joints which must support large loads. Because of this, an understanding of the mechanical behavior of joints in GRP is important

Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1994, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Sciences & Engineering, 1994.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).
by David M. Fox.
M.S.
Nav.E.

Les composés sigmatiques du type de dusmenes ne soulèvent guère de difficultés : le second membre repose chaque fois sur un substantif sigmatique. En revanche, les composes du type de aeikes, euerges, sunekhes, hugies, etc. , posent un problème. On a souvent cherché a les expliquer en supposant l'existence de substantifs sigmatiques. On montre ici que le second membre ne repose pas sur un substantif, mais est chaque fois dérivé d'une base verbale : certains seconds membres sont tirés de thèmes de présent radicaux thématiques (epideues : deuomai), d'autres de thèmes d'aoriste radicaux thématiques (eulabes : labein), d'autres se relient à des radicaux qui apparaissent dans des formes verbales suffixées, etc. On examine l'origine possible du suffixe de ces composés, et on étudie leur développement. Les adjectifs sigmatiques comptent aussi quelques formes non composées. Celles qui sont analysables sont clairement des créations récentes, secondaires par rapport aux formes composées
Sigmatic compounds of the dusmenes type are little trouble : their second member is always founded on a sigmatic substantive. On the contrary, such compounds as aeikes, euerges, sunekhes, hugies, etc. , are not so easily accounted for. It has sometimes been attempted to explain them by supposing the existence of sigmatic substantives. We have shown that the second member is not founded on a substantive, but is every time derived from a verbal basis. Some second members are drawn from themes of thematic radical presents, others from themes of thematic radical aorists, others again are linked to radicals that appear in suffixed verbal forms. We have examined the origin of those compounds and have studied their development

L'internationalisation du systeme bancaire grec a commence essentiellement au milieu des annees 60. Elle est constituee de deux mouvements: de l'implantation des banques grecques a l'etranger et de l'implantation des banques etrangeres en grece. Elle fonctionne de l'ouverture de l'economie grecque a l'etranger ainsi que de l'emigration; elle est influencee des mouvements financiers et bancaires mondiaux et elle est determinee par la structure et le niveau dedeveloppement du systeme bancaire. La presence des banques grecques a l'etranger a suivi essentiellement le mouvement de l'emigration et les banques grecques ont base leur politique sur les services de cette population. L'implantation des banques etrangeres en grece s'est effectuee sur un double objectif: pour les autoritees grecques, elles devraient permettre la modernisation du systeme bancaire et le financement de l'economie en devises; pour les banques etrangeres il s'agissait de servir les firmes multinationales en grece ainsi que des societes grecques exercant des activites a et avec l'etranger. Leurs avantages vis-a-vis des banques grecques concernant les services bancaires et les reseaux internationaux ainsi qu'une legislation favorable au debut de la periode ont permis leur penetration dans le marche bancaire grec. Celle-ci est le resultat de certaines banques tres dynamiques et bien implantees en grece
The internationalization of the greek banking system began the second half of the decate 1960. It is composed of two movements: the presence of foreign banks at greece and the extension of greek banks abroad. The development of comercial and financial relations determined the two movements. They are influenced by international financial and banking movements and determined by the structure and the development of the banking system. The extension of greek banks abroad followed essentially the greek emigration. The greek banks based their politic by offering services to this population. The presence of foreign banks at greece had two goals: for the greek authorities, they had to permit the modernization of the banking system and the financing of the economie in currencies; for the foreign banks, they had to serve multinational companies at greece as well as important greek companies. The foreign banks, especialy some of thems, penetrated the banking market using their advantages, towards greek banks, concerning banking services, the international network and a favourable legislation

Le théâtre grec, inséparable de l'œuvre de Plutarque, exerce une profonde influence sur son style et sur sa manière. La langue théâtrale se confond, pour ainsi dire, avec le style de Plutarque, au point que l'on peut affirmer que rien de ce qui relève du théâtre grec n'est étranger à l'auteur des moralias et des vies. Par ailleurs, l'on est en droit de reconnaitre que l'influence de la tradition des tragiques et des comiques s'exerce non seulement sur le philosophe de Chéronée, mais aussi, par contrecoup, sur la société de son temps. En effet, force est de constater que cette influence, qui consiste donc surtout dans une imprégnation culturelle et qui permet à Plutarque de disposer d'un vaste vivier d'exemples et de modèles, s'exerce également dans le domaine moral. C'est dans ce sens que l'on peut considérer que le théâtre grec représente aux yeux de l'auteur une école qui lui permet d'expliciter certaines de ses vues psychologiques, philosophiques et morales
The Greek theatre, which is inseparable from the work of Plutarch, has a great influence on his style. So to speak, the theatrical language and the style of Plutarch are one and the same to the extent that it can be asserted that all that is the concern of the Greek theatre is known to the author of the moralia and of the lives. Besides, one is entitled to admit that the influence of the tradition of tragics and comics exerts not only on the philosopher of cheronee, but also as an indirect consequence on the society of his time. Actually, we are forced to notice that this influence, which lays mainly in a cultural impregnation and which allows Plutarch to have a large set of examples and models, exerts also on the moral field. It is to that effect that we can consider that for the author, the Greek theatre represents a school which allows him to clarify some of his psychological, philosophical and moral views

The subject of this thesis is to study the existing development toolchain for the microprocessor LPC23xx in course MPOA. Main goal is to explore the feasibility of new development toolchain, based on the GCC. The outcomes of this thesis are demo applications with the microprocessor LPC2378 and the GCC. Parts of the outputs are also tutorials for the students, how to implement these demo applications. The demos include basic applications, RTOS and Ethernet

Titel: Hållbarhetsredovisning-Implementeringsproblematik kring GRI G4 Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Annelie Backlund och Urban Molander Examinator: Tom Karlsson Handledare: Ola Nilsson Instutition: Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet Kurs: Examensarbete i företagsekonomi 15hp Syfte: Studiens syfte är att uppnå en fördjupad förståelse kring problematiken rörande implementeringsprocessen vid implementering av hållbarhetsredovisning enligt GRI:s G4 riktlinjer. Metod: För studien valdes en deduktiv ansats av kvalitativ karaktär. En fallstudie av ett företag inom byggsektorn har utförts i form av intervjuer. Analysen gjordes utifrån tre kriterier sammansatta i en modell för att studera en implementeringsprocess. Resultat och slutsats: Ur Top-Down perspektivet anses GRI:s riktlinjer inte tillräckligt tydliga samt svåra att ta till sig och tolkningen anses som nödvändigt för att riktlinjerna ska fungera i verksamheten. Det fanns inte tillräckligt med resurser främst i form av tid och tidigare redovisningssystem var för dåliga vilket ledde till att det inte gick att rapportera alla utvalda indikatorer. Organisationen som helhet var inte delaktiga vid implementeringen vilket påverkade processen negativt. Ur Bottom-Up perspektivet anses GRI:s riktlinjer som överlag tydliga. Tolkningen var svår att utföra men utfördes för att kunna applicera riktlinjerna i verksamheten. Det är nödvändigt med tillräckliga resurser vilket upplevdes som en brist då det främst var ont om tid. Det saknades tillräckligt bra informationsdatasystem vilket påverkade implementeringsprocessen negativt och framförallt behövdes det fler individer delaktiga i processen. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens bidrar med ytterligare en dimension kring implementering av hållbarhetsredovisning utifrån två olika perspektiv. Detta kompletterar litteraturen och ger praktiska implikationer genom att lyfta fram problematiken vilket är av intresse för de företag som ska implementera GRI G4 i sin verksamhet. Detta är särskilt aktuellt i och med det nya EU-direktivet om att företag av en viss storlek måste hållbarhetsredovisa samt att GRI:s tidigare versioner ersatts av den nu aktuella G4. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Med tanke på det resultat som framkommit i vår studie gällande att det var för få involverade i processen med att implementera och arbeta med hållbarhetsredovisning har vi som förslag till vidare forskning att titta på hur involverade olika funktioner inom organisationer är i hållbarhetsredovisningen. Det skulle även vara intressant att undersöka om implementeringsprocessen skiljer sig från bransch till bransch och att göra en studie med ett ett större antal fallföretag. Nyckelord: Sustainability, Implementation, GRI, CSR, Construction
Title: Sustainability Reporting – Implementation difficulty aspects with GRI G4 Level: G2E, Bachelor thesis in Business and Administration Authors: Annelie Backlund and Urban Molander Examinator: Tom Karlsson Tutor: Ola Nilsson Institution: School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University Course: 16VT-2FE93E-Degree Project in Business Administration (Bachelor) Purpose: The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding about occuring problems during the implementation process of sustainability reporting in accordance with GRI G4. Method: A qualitative, deductive approach was outlined for the thesis. A case study on a company within the construction industry was performed, and semi structured interviews was performed. The material was subjected to analysis utilizing a implementation matrix consisting of three criterias in a model designed to study the implementation process. Results and Conclusion: According to the Top-Down perspective, the GRI guidelines are considered a bit unclear and difficult to adjust to, which leads to the necessity to interpret the guidelines to make it work in practice. There was not enough resources, especially time, allocated and the information data system at hand was not adequate enough to manage all the data needed for the choosen indicators. The organisation as a whole was not fully engaged during the implementation, which negatively affected the process. According to the Bottom-Up perspective, the GRI guidelines are over all clear. Interpretations of the guidelines were difficult to manage, but necessary in order to be able to gain applicability throughout the organisation. The necessity of sufficient resources allocated suffered from the lack of time out in the organisation. The lack of updated information data system had a negative impact on the implementation process, and above all more people needed to take part in the process. Contribution: The study contributes with an additional dimension, from the two perspectives point of view, for the implementation of sustainability reporting. This add insights to the litterature and give practical notions by high-lighting implementation issues, which companies about to implement GRI G4 in their reporting could benefit from. This is currently on the agenda since the EU directive that will force companies above a certain size to perform sustainability reporting will be ratified later this year. It is also of interest since all sustainability reports following GRI guidelines needs to follow the current G4 version from now on. Suggestion for further studies: With the results that have emerged from our study in mind, too few involved in the implementation process and the practical work with the sustainability reporting, we suggest that future studies could cover how involved different departments are when it comes to sustainability reporting. It would also be of interest to study if the implementation process differs between different industries, as well as widen the horizon with a study covering more companies and case studies. Keywords: Sustainability, Implementation, GRI, CSR, Construction

La réussite du marketing relationnel dépend des préférences individuelles des clients, ceux-ci n'étant pas tous également réceptifs aux approches relationnelles. Il apparaît, à ce titre, nécessaire d'approfondir la connaissance des bénéfices relationnels attendus par les clients. Dans un design mixte séquentiel, des entretiens non-directifs menés auprès de clients en gestion de patrimoine, puis auprès de clients de banques de réseau, montrent et confirment l'existence de trois profils relationnels distincts : transactionnel, relationnel psychologique et relationnel socio-valorisable. Une matrice combinant l'attitude à l'argent et le stéréotype du banquier révèle des profils hybrides souhaitables vs indésirables. L'étude quantitative crée une échelle de mesure du stéréotype du banquier, enrichit l’échelle de l’attitude à l’argent de la dimension tabou, et aménage une échelle des bénéfices relationnels attendus. Le test d'hypothèses dans un modèle d'équations structurelles montre le rôle du stéréotype du banquier, de l'attitude à l'argent du client, de ses valeurs culturelles et des incidents critiques, dans l'explication des bénéfices relationnels attendu
The success of relationship marketing depends on individual preferences, knowing that clients are not all equally receptive to relational approaches. It appears necessary for this purpose to improve knowledge about client’s expected relational benefits. Within a sequential mixed design, non-directive interviews conducted with wealth management clients, then with retail bank clients, show and confirm the existence of three distinct types of relational profiles : transactional, psychological relational and socio-valuable relational. A matrix combining the money attitude and the banker stereotype reveals desirable vs undesirable hybrid profiles. The quantitative study creates a scale to measure the banker stereotype, enriches the money attitude scale with the taboo dimension, and produces a scale for the expected relational benefits. The test of hypotheses in a structural equations model shows the role of the banker stereotype, the money attitude, the cultural values and critical incidents, in the formation of expected relational benefits

Le "vocabolario italiano et greco" de girolamo germano, jesuite sicilien du xvii e siecle, comprend une grammaire du grec vulgaire (ta premiere imprimee du neo-grec), ainsi qu'un dictionnaire italo/neo-grfc. Ta presentation detaillee de l'ouvrage, reste rare et meconnu malgre sa reedition en 1907 et malgre son importance pour l'etude de la lexicographie du neo-grec et de la langue grecque moderne en general, debute par quel, ques informations concernant le contexte redactionnel du recueil, l'auteur. Et ta des, cription typographique de l'ouvrage. Suit une premiere partie portant sur la grammaire, et dans laquelle figure une analyse phonetique et morphologique de celle-ci. Une se, conde partie concerne le dictionnaire (la partie la plus importante du recueil). Nous traitons tout d'abord de la langue-source (l'italien), en insistant surtout sur l'as, pect methodologique de l'elaboration lexicographique et sur son organisation, les pro, blemes et les faits les plus marquants. Ensuite, nous abordons la langue-cible (le neogrec), avec une serie de remarques consacrees a l'aspect de la langue enregistree (com, mune et dialectale) et au choix des mots, a l'orthographe et a la transcription des vocables grecs, ainsi qu'aux donnees grammaticales comprises dans les articles du dic, tionnaire. L'insertion du repertoire critique de la nomenclature grecque moderne vise a reveler non seulement le contenu lexical et semantique de l'ouvrage, mais aussi, audela de la langue meme, l'image de toute une civilisation a cette epoque
The "vocabolario italiano et greco" which has been written by girolamo germano, a sicilian jesuite from seventeenth century, includes a grammar of vulgar greek (which is the first printed grammar of modern greek) and an italian-modern greek dictionary. The book was reedited in 1907, but in spite of this reedition and in spite of its importance for study of lexicography and study of modern greek language in general, it stayed underestimated by researchers and specialists. We begin the detailed pre, sentation of the book by situating it in its historical context and "by giving a typo, graphic description. We try also to give some informations about the author of the work. In a second time we try to give a phonetic and morphological description and analysis of the grammar. For the source-language of the dictionary (italian) we con, sider methodological aspect, methods used by germano, organisation and problems of the work. With regard to the target-language (greek), we take into consideration the common and dialectal language, the words which have been listed by the lexicographer, their orthography and every grammatical information. To complete our research we add anindex of all greek words contained in the work. So the lexical and semantic content of the "vocabolario" shows to us, beyond the language, the image of a civilisation

The effectiveness of the GRE was measured through a mixed-methods study. Quantitative data was studied to determine a relationship between GRE scores and the completion of higher education. Students and employers were surveyed to clarify a link between the content the GRE measures and the skills that are needed in graduate school and the workforce. In addition, students were asked if test administration, time-constrained questions, and question bias had any effect of their GRE score. Together, these findings were inconclusive and do not suggest that the GRE is effective or ineffective in its measurement of potential graduate students in relation to test content, test administration, and question bias, time-constrained questions, and the accurate measurement of psychometrics.

With sustainability means taking responsibility for the reality that you live and operate in. The concept sustainable development is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present world without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Elkington, 1999, p, 55).

Sustainable reporting means to extend the ordinary financial reporting to include both the environmental and social/ethical impacts that the organisation have, so called triple bottom line. We are in our essay discussing the element of sustainability reporting and how to perform one. Today there are an increased pressure from stakeholders on companies to express their values and ethical responsibility. This forces the organisations to extend their ordinary financial reporting to include environmental and social impacts that their operations have.

We have in our essay looked at the global ethical guidelines for sustainability reporting, the Global Compact and the Global Reporting Initiative and from these tried to examine how companies can establish a sustainability report. Global Compact and the Global Reporting Initiative are two voluntary codes that companies can draw inspire from when creating a sustainability report.

Our purpose with this essay is to examine the concept of sustainability reporting on the basis of observing three financial institutions and their sustainability reports. We have chosen to look at the three different banks, Rabobank Group, the Co-operative Financial Services and Swedbank, to compare how they have constructed their sustainability reports, and to see how they have drawn inspiration from the Global Compact and the Global Reporting Initiative.

The investigation is of a qualitative approach where the examined source is the companies’ sustainability reports. The reports have been analyzed and from the analysis have conclusions been drawn to try and interpret how the companies have acted towards the guidelines. Mainly we have been looking at the organisations and the existing balance between the economical, social and environmental aspects. Further we have also been looking at the organisational structure and the management’s attitude towards Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, and the progress to implement it within the organisations. Finally we have tried to observe the relationship between the organisations and stakeholders and the transparency in communicating about the measures being taken.

We have come to the conclusion that both Rabobank and Co-operative Financial Services, CFS, have a more developed sustainability report compared to Swedbank.

We believe the reason why can be found in many different aspects, since there is not just one component that makes a sustainability report. Both Rabobank and CFS are co-operative organisations that are being owned and controlled by its members, compared to Swedbank who is a public company that have obligations towards its shareholders. The managements’ attitude towards sustainability also has an effect of the outcome of the reports as well as attitudes from the society in which the company is operating.