Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravity currents

Academic literature on the topic 'Gravity currents'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravity currents"

1

Moodie, T. B. "Gravity currents." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 144, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0427(01)00551-9.

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Johnson, Christopher G., and Andrew J. Hogg. "Entraining gravity currents." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 731 (August 19, 2013): 477–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.329.

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AbstractEntrainment of ambient fluid into a gravity current, while often negligible in laboratory-scale flows, may become increasingly significant in large-scale natural flows. We present a theoretical study of the effect of this entrainment by augmenting a shallow water model for gravity currents under a deep ambient with a simple empirical model for entrainment, based on experimental measurements of the fluid entrainment rate as a function of the bulk Richardson number. By analysing long-time similarity solutions of the model, we find that the decrease in entrainment coefficient at large Richardson number, due to the suppression of turbulent mixing by stable stratification, qualitatively affects the structure and growth rate of the solutions, compared to currents in which the entrainment is taken to be constant or negligible. In particular, mixing is most significant close to the front of the currents, leading to flows that are more dilute, deeper and slower than their non-entraining counterparts. The long-time solution of an inviscid entraining gravity current generated by a lock-release of dense fluid is a similarity solution of the second kind, in which the current grows as a power of time that is dependent on the form of the entrainment law. With an entrainment law that fits the experimental measurements well, the length of currents in this entraining inviscid regime grows with time approximately as ${t}^{0. 447} $. For currents instigated by a constant buoyancy flux, a different solution structure exists in which the current length grows as ${t}^{4/ 5} $. In both cases, entrainment is most significant close to the current front.
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D'Alessio, S. J. D., T. B. Moodie, J. P. Pascal, and G. E. Swaters. "Intrusive Gravity Currents." Studies in Applied Mathematics 98, no. 1 (January 1997): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9590.00039.

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FLYNN, M. R., and P. F. LINDEN. "Intrusive gravity currents." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 568 (November 10, 2006): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006002734.

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Hewitt, Duncan R., and Neil J. Balmforth. "Thixotropic gravity currents." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 727 (June 14, 2013): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.235.

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AbstractWe present a model for thixotropic gravity currents flowing down an inclined plane that combines lubrication theory for shallow flow with a rheological constitutive law describing the degree of microscopic structure. The model is solved numerically for a finite volume of fluid in both two and three dimensions. The results illustrate the importance of the degree of initial ageing and the spatio-temporal variations of the microstructure during flow. The fluid does not flow unless the plane is inclined beyond a critical angle that depends on the ageing time. Above that critical angle and for relatively long ageing times, the fluid dramatically avalanches downslope, with the current becoming characterized by a structured horseshoe-shaped remnant of fluid at the back and a raised nose at the advancing front. The flow is prone to a weak interfacial instability that occurs along the border between structured and de-structured fluid. Experiments with bentonite clay show broadly similar phenomenological behaviour to that predicted by the model. Differences between the experiments and the model are discussed.
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Bonnecaze, Roger T., Herbert E. Huppert, and John R. Lister. "Particle-driven gravity currents." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 250 (May 1993): 339–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209300148x.

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Gravity currents created by the release of a fixed volume of a suspension into a lighter ambient fluid are studied theoretically and experimentally. The greater density of the current and the buoyancy force driving its motion arise primarily from dense particles suspended in the interstitial fluid of the current. The dynamics of the current are assumed to be dominated by a balance between inertial and buoyancy forces; viscous forces are assumed negligible. The currents considered are two-dimensional and flow over a rigid horizontal surface. The flow is modelled by either the single- or the two-layer shallow-water equations, the two-layer equations being necessary to include the effects of the overlying fluid, which are important when the depth of the current is comparable to the depth of the overlying fluid. Because the local density of the gravity current depends on the concentration of particles, the buoyancy contribution to the momentum balance depends on the variation of the particle concentration. A transport equation for the particle concentration is derived by assuming that the particles are vertically well-mixed by the turbulence in the current, are advected by the mean flow and settle out through the viscous sublayer at the bottom of the current. The boundary condition at the moving front of the current relates the velocity and the pressure head at that point. The resulting equations are solved numerically, which reveals that two types of shock can occur in the current. In the late stages of all particle-driven gravity currents, an internal bore develops that separates a particle-free jet-like flow in the rear from a dense gravity-current flow near the front. The second type of bore occurs if the initial height of the current is comparable to the depth of the ambient fluid. This bore develops during the early lock-exchange flow between the two fluids and strongly changes the structure of the current and its transport of particles from those of a current in very deep surroundings. To test the theory, several experiments were performed to measure the length of particle-driven gravity currents as a function of time and their deposition patterns for a variety of particle sizes and initial masses of sediment. The comparison between the theoretical predictions, which have no adjustable parameters, and the experimental results are very good.
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HEWITT, I. J., N. J. BALMFORTH, and J. R. DE BRUYN. "Elastic-plated gravity currents." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 26, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792514000291.

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We consider a nonlinear diffusion equation describing the planar spreading of a viscous fluid injected between an elastic sheet and an underlying rigid plane. The dynamics depends sensitively on the physical conditions at the contact line where the sheet is lifted off the plane by the fluid. We explore two possibilities for these conditions (or “regularisations”): a pre-wetted film and a constant-pressure fluid lag (a gas-filled gap between the fluid edge and the contact line). For both flat and inclined planes, we compare numerical and asymptotic solutions, identifying the distinct stages of evolution and the corresponding characteristic rates of spreading.
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Kowal, Katarzyna N., and M. Grae Worster. "Lubricated viscous gravity currents." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 766 (February 10, 2015): 626–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.30.

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AbstractWe present a theoretical and experimental study of viscous gravity currents lubricated by another viscous fluid from below. We use lubrication theory to model both layers as Newtonian fluids spreading under their own weight in two-dimensional and axisymmetric settings over a smooth rigid horizontal surface and consider the limit in which vertical shear provides the dominant resistance to the flow in both layers. There are contributions from Poiseuille-like flow driven by buoyancy and Couette-like flow driven by viscous coupling between the layers. The flow is self-similar if both fluids are released simultaneously, and exhibits initial transient behaviour when there is a delay between the initiation of flow in the two layers. We solve for both situations and show that the latter converges towards self-similarity at late times. The flow depends on three key dimensionless parameters relating the relative dynamic viscosities, input fluxes and density differences between the two layers. Provided the density difference between the two layers is bounded away from zero, we find an asymptotic solution in which the front of the lubricant is driven by its own gravitational spreading. There is a singular limit of equal densities in which the lubricant no longer spreads under its own weight in the vicinity of its nose and ends abruptly with a non-zero thickness there. We explore various regimes, from thin lubricating layers underneath a more viscous current to thin surface films coating an underlying more viscous current and find that although a thin film does not greatly influence the more viscous current if it forms a surface coating, it begins to cause interesting dynamics if it lubricates the more viscous current from below. We find experimentally that a lubricated gravity current is prone to a fingering instability.
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Nasr-Azadani, M. M., and E. Meiburg. "Gravity currents propagating into shear." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 778 (August 5, 2015): 552–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.398.

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An analytical vorticity-based model is introduced for steady-state inviscid Boussinesq gravity currents in sheared ambients. The model enforces the conservation of mass and horizontal and vertical momentum, and it does not require any empirical closure assumptions. As a function of the given gravity current height, upstream ambient shear and upstream ambient layer thicknesses, the model predicts the current velocity as well as the downstream ambient layer thicknesses and velocities. In particular, it predicts the existence of gravity currents with a thickness greater than half the channel height, which is confirmed by direct numerical simulation (DNS) results and by an analysis of the energy loss in the flow. For high-Reynolds-number gravity currents exhibiting Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities along the current/ambient interface, the DNS simulations suggest that for a given shear magnitude, the current height adjusts itself such as to allow for maximum energy dissipation.
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Bonnecaze, Roger T., Mark A. Hallworth, Herbert E. Huppert, and John R. Lister. "Axisymmetric particle-driven gravity currents." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 294 (July 10, 1995): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095002825.

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Axisymmetric gravity currents that result when a dense suspension intrudes under a lighter ambient fluid are studied theoretically and experimentally. The dynamics of and deposition from currents flowing over a rigid horizontal surface are determined for the release of either a fixed volume or a constant flux of a suspension. The dynamics of the current are assumed to be dominated by inertial and buoyancy forces, while viscous forces are assumed to be negligible. The fluid motion is modelled by the single-layer axisymmetric shallow-water equations, which neglect the effects of the overlying fluid. An advective transport equation models the distribution of particles in the current, and this distribution determines the local buoyancy force in the shallow-water equations. The transport equation is derived on the assumption that the particles are vertically well-mixed by the turbulence in the current, are advected by the mean flow and settle out through a viscous sublayer at the bottom of the current. No adjustable parameters are needed to specify the theoretical model. The coupled equations of the model are solved numerically, and it is predicted that after an early stage both constant-volume and constant-flux, particle-driven gravity currents develop an internal bore which separates a supercritical particle-free region upstream from a subcritical particle-rich region downstream near the head of the current. For the fixed-volume release, an earlier bore is also predicted to occur very shortly after the initial collapse of the current. This bore transports suspended particles away from the origin, which results in a maximum in the predicted deposition away from the centre.To test the model several laboratory experiments were performed to determine both the radius of an axisymmetric particle-driven gravity current as a function of time and its deposition pattern for a variety of initial particle concentrations, particle sizes, volumes and flow rates. For the release of a fixed volume and of a constant flux of suspension, the comparisons between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions are fairly good. However, for the current of fixed volume, we did not observe the bore predicted to occur shortly after the collapse of the current or the resulting maximum in deposition downstream of the origin. This is unlike the previous study of Bonnecaze et al. (1993) on two-dimensional currents, in which a strong bore was observed during the slumping phase. The radial extent R of the deposit from a fixed-volume current is accurately predicted by the model, and for currents whose particles settle sufficiently slowly, we find that R = 1.9(g′0V3 / v2s)1/8, where V is the volume of the current, vs is the settling velocity of a particle in the suspension and g’0 is the initial reduced gravity of the suspension.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravity currents"

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Shin, Jonathan Oswald. "Colliding gravity currents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251821.

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Hang, Alice Thanh. "Intrusive gravity currents." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1461003.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 6, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).
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Ross, Andrew Neil. "Gravity currents on slopes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621127.

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Ahmed, Dhafar Ibrahim. "Experimental and numerical study of model gravity currents in coastal environment : bottom gravity currents." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0060/document.

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Le but de ce travail de recherche est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique de propagation et de la miscibilité de jets gravitaires au-dessous d’un liquide ambiant. Des expériences ont été réalisées en laboratoire à l’aide d’une plateforme expérimentale constituée d’un bassin parallélépipédique contenant de l’eau douce et d’un canal d’injection de section rectangulaire de jets gravitaires de concentration constante initiale fixée. Les calculs mathématiques et numériques sont basés sur les modèles RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equations), k-ε (K-epsilon) et DCE (Diffusion-Convective Equation) de la fraction volumique de l’eau salée pour décrire la propagation et le mélange du jet gravitaire. L’évolution du front du jet obtenue expérimentalement est utilisée pour valider le modèle numérique. Par ailleurs, la comparaison des résultats obtenus sur l’écoulement moyen (z⁄z0.5 =U/Umax) avec ceux des études 2D expérimentales et numériques antérieures ont montré des similarités. La simulation numérique des champs hydrodynamiques montre que la vitesse maximale est atteinte à la position 0.18 z0.5, où z0.5 est la hauteur d’eau pour laquelle la vitesse moyenne u est égale à la moitié de la vitesse maximale Umax
The aim of this investigation is to contribute to a better understanding of the propagation dynamics and the mixing process of dense gravity currents. The Laboratory experiments proceeded with a fixed initial gravity current concentration in one experimental set-up. The gravity currents are injected using a rectangular injection channel into a rectangular basin containing the ambient lighter liquid. The injection studied is said in unsteady state volume, as the Reynolds number lies in the range 1111 - 3889. The experiments provided the evolution of the boundary interface of the jet, and it is used to validate the numerical model. The numerical model depends on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS). The k-ε (K-epsilon) and the Diffusion-Convective Equation (DCE) of the saline water volume fraction were used to model the mixing and the propagation of the gravity current jet. On the other hand, comparison of the mean flow (z⁄z0.5 =U/Umax) with previous two-dimensional numerical simulations and experimental measurements have shown similarities. The numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic fields indicate that the velocity maximum at 0.18 z0.5, where z0.5 is the height at which the mean velocity u is the half of the maximum velocity Umax
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Hacker, Jacob. "Gravity currents in rotating channels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426506.

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Slim, Anja Catharina. "High Reynolds number gravity currents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614096.

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Golding, Madeleine Jane. "Gravity currents in porous media." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608091.

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Zgheib, Nadim. "Gravity currents from non-axisymmetric releases." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13941/1/zgheib.pdf.

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Gravity currents are buoyancy driven flows that appear in a variety of situations in nature as well as industrial applications. Typical examples include avalanches, oil spills, and turbidity currents. Most naturally occurring gravity currents are catastrophic in nature, and therefore there is a need to understand how these currents advance, the speeds they can attain, and the range they might cover. This dissertation will focus on the short and long term evolution of gravity currents initiated from a finite release. In particular, we will focus attention to hitherto unaddressed effect of the initial shape on the dynamics of gravity currents. A range of parameters is considered, which include the density ratio between the current and the ambient (heavy, light, and Boussinesq currents), the initial height aspect ratio (height/radius), different initial cross-sectional geometries (circular, rectangular, plus-shaped), a wide range of Reynolds numbers covering 4 orders of magnitude, as well as conservative scalar and non-conservative (particle-driven) currents. A large number of experiments have been conducted with the abovementioned parameters, some of these experiments were complemented with highly-resolved direct numerical simulations. The major outcome is that the shape of the spreading current, the speed of propagation, and the final deposition profile (for particle-driven currents) are significantly influenced by the initial geometry, displaying substantial azimuthal variation. Especially for the rectangular cases, the current propagates farther and deposits more particles along the initial minor axis of the rectangular cross section. This behavior pertaining to non-axisymmetric release is robust, in the sense that it is observed for the aforementioned range of parameters, but nonetheless cannot be predicted by current theoretical models such as the box model, which has been proven to work in the context of planar and axisymmetric releases. To that end, we put forth a simple analytical model (an extension to the classical box model), well suited for accurately capturing the evolution of finite volume gravity current releases with arbitrary initial shapes. We further investigate the dynamics of a gravity current resulting from a finite volume release on a sloping boundary where we observe some surprising features.
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Rachel, Zammett Rachel Zammett. "Gravity Currents on Earth and Mars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491681.

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In this thesis we ~nvestigate three problems in the earth sciences where gravity currents play an important role. In the first part we consider two types of terrestrial gravity current: kata- . batic winds and submarine turbidity currents. We derive and solve the classical Prandtl model for katabatic wind flow in which the vertical wind profile is resolved. We show that this model breaks down when the slope becomes small, and pose a~ improved model which removes this singularity. Solutions of the improved model are compared with observations and output from a numerical model. We then investigate two layer-averaged models that are used to describe the flow of submarine turbidity currents. We find that both models predict that in some circumstances 'ignition' can occur, in which the current velocity becomes unbounded. We show that the only way this phenomenon can be prevented is by a decrease in the underlying slope. In the second part, we consider the unusual morphology of the Martian north polar ice cap. We use a model for the sublimation kinetics at the ice-atmosphere interface and include an explicit description of dust, both suspended in the atmosphere and frozen within the ice cap. Thansport of dust and ice are then included, and the model is investigated analytically and numerically. We find that this model can have multiple steady states, and that troughs may form during a transition between steady states. In this model, such a transition may be caused by obliquity-induced climate change.
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Montgomery, Patrick James. "Shallow-water models for gravity currents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ46888.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Gravity currents"

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Chobotov, M. V. Gravity currents with heat transfer effects. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Center for Fire Research, 1986.

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Chobotov, M. V. Gravity currents with heat transfer effects. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Center for Fire Research, 1986.

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Chobotov, M. V. Gravity currents with heat transfer effects. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Center for Fire Research, 1986.

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Ungarish, M. An introduction to gravity currents and intrusions. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.

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Gravity currents in the environment and the laboratory. 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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E, Simpson John. Gravity currents: In the environment and the laboratory. Chichester, West Sussex, England: E. Horwood, 1987.

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Morozov, Eugene G., Roman Y. Tarakanov, and Dmitry I. Frey. Bottom Gravity Currents and Overflows in Deep Channels of the Atlantic Ocean. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83074-8.

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Akiyama, Juchiro. Gravity currents in lakes, reservoirs and coastal regions: Two- layer stratified flow analysis. Minneapolis: St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1987.

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J, Komen G., and Oost W. A. 1938-, eds. Radar scattering from modulated wind waves: Proceedings of the Workshop on Modulation of Short Wind Waves in the Gravity-Capillary Range by Non-Uniform Currents. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and. Current concepts on G-protection research and development. Neuilly sur Seine, France: AGARD, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravity currents"

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Boncolan-Walsh, Vena Pearl, Jinqiao Duan, Hongjun Gao, Tamay Özgökmen, Paul Fischer, and Traian Iliescu. "Enstrophy and Ergodicity Of Gravity Currents." In Probability and Partial Differential Equations in Modern Applied Mathematics, 61–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29371-4_5.

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Lühr, Hermann. "Night-time Ionospheric Currents." In First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies, 328–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38366-6_48.

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Lambiase, Gaetano, and Giorgio Papini. "Radiative Processes, Spin Currents, Vortices." In The Interaction of Spin with Gravity in Particle Physics, 113–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84771-5_6.

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Saylor, James H., Gerald Miller, Kenneth Hunkins, Thomas O. Manley, and Patricia Manley. "Gravity currents and internal bores in Lake Champlain." In Water Science and Application, 135–55. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ws001p0135.

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Meiburg, Eckart, and Mohamad M. Nasr-Azadani. "Gravity and Turbidity Currents: Numerical Simulations and Theoretical Models." In Mixing and Dispersion in Flows Dominated by Rotation and Buoyancy, 129–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66887-1_6.

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Necker, F., C. Härtel, L. Kleiser, and E. Meiburg. "Simulation of Sedimentation and Mixing in Deeply-Submerged Gravity Currents." In Sedimentation and Sediment Transport, 195–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0347-5_31.

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Watermann, Jurgen, Freddy Christiansen, Vladimir Popov, Peter Stauning, and Ole Rasmussen. "Field-aligned Currents Inferred from Low-Altitude Earth-Orbiting Satellites and Ionospheric Currents Inferred from Ground-Based Magnetometers — Do They Render Consistent Results?" In First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies, 361–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38366-6_52.

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Alendal, Guttorm, Helge Drange, and Peter M. Haugan. "Modelling of Deep-Sea Gravity Currents Using an Integrated Plume Model." In The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, 237–46. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm085p0237.

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Whitehead, J. A. "Rotating Gravity Currents." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2444–49. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0116.

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Whitehead, John A. "Rotating Gravity Currents." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 40–44. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09585-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gravity currents"

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Mok, K. M., Harry H. Yeh, K. K. Ieong, and K. I. Hoi. "Flow Entrainment of Gravity Currents." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-16022.

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The entrainment of gravity currents advancing over a horizontal bed was studied. A two-dimensional rigid-lid flow model was derived assuming ambient-fluid entrainment to the mixing region being supplied only from the bottom layer of the approaching flow. Two sets of laboratory experiments were carried out using the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization technique. With given parameters such as the total fluid depth, densities of the fluids, height of the gravity current head and its propagation speed, and the denser-fluid flow depth behind the head under the mixing region, our model predicts that the thickness of the front flow layer to be entrained is about 35 percents of the height of the gravity current head. Qualitative examination of the flow structures along various planes in the developed fronts suggests that the actual flow structures at the foremost part of the current head are complex and three dimensional. Entrainment of ambient fluid to the current is through various directions starting at its front, which creates an unstable stratification condition there favorable for the subsequent complex three-dimensional eddy generation and growth leading to the formation of the short-crested billows exhibiting the lobe-and-cleft features in the following flow.
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Ying, Xinya. "Modeling Sediment-Laden Gravity Currents." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)61.

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D’Alessio, S. J. D., J. P. Pascal, and T. B. Moodie. "Rear shock formation in gravity currents." In ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm06044.

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JHA, AKHILESH KUMAR, JUICHIRO AKIYAMA, and MASARU URA. "FLUX-DIFFERENCE SPLITTING SCHEME FOR GRAVITY CURRENTS." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Flow Modeling and Turbulence Measurements. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777591_0034.

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Kokkinos, Angelos, and Panagiotis Prinos. "LES of partial-depth colliding gravity currents." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022409.

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Ottolenghi, L., C. Adduce, R. Inghilesi, V. Armenio, and F. Roman. "LES investigation on entrainment in gravity currents." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-131.

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Meiburg, Eckart, F. Blanchette, M. Strauss, B. Kneller, M. E. Glinsky, F. Necker, C. Ha¨rtel, and L. Kleiser. "High Resolution Simulations of Particle-Driven Gravity Currents." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80276.

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High-resolution simulations of particle-driven gravity currents are presented. The study concentrates on dilute flows with small density differences between particle-laden and clear fluid. Moreover, particles are considered which have negligible inertia, and which are much smaller than the smallest length scales of the buoyancy-induced fluid motion. The governing equations are integrated numerically with a high-order mixed spectral/spectral-element technique. In the analysis of the results, special emphasis is placed on the sedimentation and resuspension of the particles, and on their feedback on the flow dynamics. Resuspension is modeled as a diffusive flux of particles through the bottom boundary. The conditions under which turbidity currents may become self-sustaining through particle entrainment are investigated as a function of slope angle, current and particle size, and particle concentration.
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Robinson, Tristan, Ian Eames, and Richard Simons. "The Effect of Wave Action on Gravity Currents." In Fifth International Conference on Coastal Dynamics. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40855(214)24.

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Zhao, Liang, Chinghao Yu, and Zhiguo He. "A Multi-Phase Mathematical Model for Gravity Currents." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479872.044.

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Necker, Frieder, Carlos Hartel, Leonhard Kleiser, and Eckart Meiburg. "DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PARTICLE-DRIVEN GRAVITY CURRENTS." In First Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsfp1.220.

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Reports on the topic "Gravity currents"

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Street, Robert L. Large Eddy Simulation of Sediment Transport in the Presence of Surface Gravity Waves, Currents and Complex Bedforms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627539.

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Street, Robert L. Large Eddy Simulation of Sediment Transport in the Presence of Surface Gravity Waves, Currents and Complex Bedforms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628143.

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McWilliams, James C., and Yusuke Uchiyama. The Effects of Surface Gravity Waves on Coastal Currents: Implementation, Phenomenological Exploration, and Realistic Simulation with ROMS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573291.

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Street, Robert L. Large Eddy Simulation of Sediment Transport in the Presence of Surface Gravity Waves, Currents and Complex Bedforms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626196.

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McWilliams, James C., and Yusuke Uchiyama. The Effects of Surface Gravity Waves on Coastal Currents: Implementation, Phenomenological Explanation, and Realistic Simulation with ROMS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada481643.

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Black, A. J. Borehole gravity surveying, current instrumentation, capabilities and applications. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/123617.

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Massotti, Luca, Günther March, and Ilias Daras. Next Generation Gravity Mission as a Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) Mission Requirements Document. Edited by Roger Haagmans and Lucia Tsaoussi. European Space Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.nasa.magic-mrd.2020.

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MAGIC is the joint NASA/ESA constellation concept based on NASA’s Mass Change Designated Observable (MCDO) and ESA’s Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGM) studies. The main objective of MAGIC is to extend the mass transport time series of previous gravity missions such as GRACE and GRACE-FO with significantly enhanced accuracy, spatial and temporal resolutions and to demonstrate the operational capabilities of MAGIC with the goal of answering global user community needs to the greatest possible extent. This document defines unambiguous and traceable requirements for preparing and developing MAGIC. The scope of the MAGIC Mission Requirement Document includes end-to-end Earth observation system including user/scientific requirements, mission operations, data product development and processing, data distribution and data archiving. The intention of the document is also to accommodate results from NASA MCDO study, ESA Phase-0 NGGM and other national studies on future gravity missions. The MAGIC MRD is a NASA/ESA reference document frozen in its current version 1.0 that defines the mission requirements achievable by an optimised two-pair Bender-type constellation of a future implementation. Subsequent ESA and NASA official documents of updated implementation baseline will be traceable to the MAGIC MRD.
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Gu, Yuanyuan, and Jhorland Ayala-García. Emigration and Tax Revenue. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.312.

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According to the World Migration Report 2020, the number of international migrants increased from 84 million in 1970 to 272 million in 2019, accounting for 3.5% of the world’s population. This paper investigates the aggregated effect of emigration on the tax revenue of sending countries with a focus on developing nations. Using a gravity approach, we construct a time-varying exogenous instrument out of geographic time-invariant dyadic characteristics that allow us to estimate the predicted emigration rate for every country. Then, we follow an instrumental variable approach where we use our predicted emigration rate as an instrument of the observed migration rate. The results show that the predicted emigration rate is a good instrument of the current emigration rate for developing countries, and that there is a positive aggregated effect of emigration on tax revenue of sending countries. The results vary depending on the type of tax: emigration increases goods and services tax revenue, but it decreases income, profit, and capital gains tax revenue.
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