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Academic literature on the topic 'Gravité tenseur-scalaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravité tenseur-scalaire"
Lehebel, Antoine. "Objets astrophysiques compacts en gravité modifiée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS204/document.
Full textTwenty years have passed since the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the Universe, reviving the interest for alternative theories of gravity. Adding a scalar degree of freedom to the usual metric of general relativity is one of the simplest ways to modify our gravitational theory. In parallel, our knowledge about black holes and neutron stars is booming, notably thanks to the advent of gravitational wave astronomy. This thesis is at the crossroads between the two fields, investigating the properties of compact objects in extended scalar-tensor theories. I start by reviewing essential no-hair results established since the seventies. After discussing the no-hair theorem proposed for black holes in Horndeski theory, I present its extension to stars. The second part of the thesis investigates in detail the various ways to circumvent this theorem. These notably include solutions with a time-dependent scalar field in order to match cosmological evolution, but also static and asymptotically flat configurations. In a third part, I establish an important stability criterion for these solutions, based on their causal structure. It is also the occasion to study the propagation of gravitational waves in black hole environments, and to select the theories where gravitational waves travel at the same speed as light
Larena, Julien. "Champs scalaires en cosmologie : discussions sur les principes d'équivalence et cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185582.
Full textEn lien avec le problème de l'énergie sombre, cette thèse se propose d'explorer, à travers les propriétés dynamiques de champs scalaires, deux principes qui se trouvent au coeur de la cosmologie: les principes d'équivalence et cosmologique.
Le principe d'équivalence est abordé à travers les théories scalaire-tenseur de la gravité, permettant d'intégrer la Relativité Générale dans un cadre large de théories respectant la version faible du principe d'équivalence tout en permettant de tester sa version forte. Dans cette perspective, les propriétés dynamiques et les conséquences cosmologiques de ces théories sont discutées.
Le principe cosmologique quant à lui est reformulé; ses contours sont redéfinis, menant à la formulation de modèles cosmologiques différents du modèle standard, par le biais des cosmologies inhomogènes moyennées. Ces modèles permettent de prendre en compte de façon consistante la structuration à petites échelles de l'Univers et son homogénéité aux grandes échelles, ouvrant ainsi la possibilité d'expliquer l'énergie sombre par la formation des structures; il est également possible de les mettre en correspondance avec l'apparition de champs scalaires dans le cadre du modèle standard.
Lévy, Hugo. "Towards well-posed and versatile numerical solutions of scalar-tensor theories of gravity with screening mechanisms : applications at sub-Solar system scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP119.
Full textScalar-tensor theories of gravity are among the most compelling, resilient and phenomenologically-rich alternatives to General Relativity. Viable models make use of screening mechanisms in order to be consistent with local tests of gravity whilst still retaining physical relevance. The hunt for such hypothetical scalar fields therefore hinges on the design of sophisticated model-dependent experiments. Alas, this task is greatly hampered by the difficulty of accurately modeling fifth force effects in realistic setups. Indeed, the latter requires solving semi-linear partial differential equations in the presence of complex matter distributions, for which analytical approaches are clearly insufficient. In this perspective, the present PhD work tackles this issue by developing a versatile numerical tool devoted to obtaining well-posed solutions to the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations arising in such modified gravity models. The tool, called femtoscope, builds on the finite element method which allows one to deal with arbitrarily complex geometries and multi-scale problems through local mesh refinement. Nonlinearities, on the other hand, are handled via Newton's method. The novelty and most important feature of femtoscope is its careful treatment of asymptotic boundary conditions — i.e. when the field's behavior is only known infinitely far away from the sources — which is often essential to obtain physically meaningful numerical solutions. This is achieved by employing the inverted finite element method. We then make use of femtoscope to investigate screened scalar-tensor gravity at sub-Solar system scales. Using a realistic model of the Earth, we address the question of the detectability of a putative chameleon fifth force in orbit by means of GRACE-FO-like space geodesy missions. The influence of the atmosphere as well as the backreaction of spacecraft on the scalar field are both considered. We find that, although the fifth force has a supposedly measurable effect on the dynamics of a point-like spacecraft, the imperfect knowledge of the mass distribution inside the Earth gives rise to degeneracies, which in turn severely limit the constraining power of such space missions. These degeneracies can in principle be lifted by performing the experiment at two different altitudes. Finally, we open up new perspectives by exploring the possibility of testing screened scalar-tensor theories with atomic clocks, exploiting the distinctive imprint of the scalar field on the gravitational redshift with respect to General Relativity. It is emphasized that such experiments are profoundly different in nature from fifth force searches
Lachaume, Xavier. "Des équations de contrainte en gravité modifiée : des théories de Lovelock à un nouveau problème de σk-Yamabe." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4018/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the evolution problem for modified gravity theories. After having explained this problem for General Relativity (GR), we present the n + 1 formalism for ƒ(R) theories, Brans-Dicke and scalar-tensor theories. We recall a known result: the Cauchy problem for these theories is well-posed, and the constraint equations are reduced to those of GR with a matter field. Then we proceed to the same n+1 decomposition for Lovelock and ƒ(Lovelock) theories, the latter being an original result. We show that in the locally conformally flat timesymmetric case, they can be written as the prescription of a sum of σk-curvatures. In order to solve the prescription equation, we introduce a new family of homogeneous semisymmetric polynomials and prove some concavity results for those polynomials. We express the following conjecture: if this is true, we are able to solve the prescription equation in many cases. ∀ P;Q ∈ ℝ[X], avec deg P = deg Q = p, P and Q are real-rooted => p ∑ k=0 P(k) Q(p-k) is real-rooted:
Lachaume, Xavier. "Des équations de contrainte en gravité modifiée : des théories de Lovelock à un nouveau problème de σk-Yamabe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4018.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the evolution problem for modified gravity theories. After having explained this problem for General Relativity (GR), we present the n + 1 formalism for ƒ(R) theories, Brans-Dicke and scalar-tensor theories. We recall a known result: the Cauchy problem for these theories is well-posed, and the constraint equations are reduced to those of GR with a matter field. Then we proceed to the same n+1 decomposition for Lovelock and ƒ(Lovelock) theories, the latter being an original result. We show that in the locally conformally flat timesymmetric case, they can be written as the prescription of a sum of σk-curvatures. In order to solve the prescription equation, we introduce a new family of homogeneous semisymmetric polynomials and prove some concavity results for those polynomials. We express the following conjecture: if this is true, we are able to solve the prescription equation in many cases. ∀ P;Q ∈ ℝ[X], avec deg P = deg Q = p, P and Q are real-rooted => p ∑ k=0 P(k) Q(p-k) is real-rooted:
NOVAK, JEROME. "Etude numerique de sources de rayonnement gravitationnel en theorie tenseur-scalaire de la gravite." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077115.
Full textLecoeur, Nicolas. "Exact black hole solutions in scalar-tensor theories." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP036.
Full textGeneral Relativity allows for a unique black hole solution, characterized by its mass M, angular momentum J, and electric charge Q. Black holes in General Relativity are thus said to have no hair, that is, no other independent physical quantity (no-hair theorem).Despite the numerous successes of General Relativity, some limitations remain, like the central singularity possessed by black holes, where the curvature of spacetime becomes infinite. Modified theories of gravity try to solve some of these shortcomings.This thesis tests the no-hair theorem in a popular modification of gravity, called scalar-tensor theories, where a unique degree of freedom (a scalar field) is added on top of the usual metric of spacetime of General Relativity. Using various symmetries, new black holes, called hairy black holes, are obtained. Some of them evade strongly the no-hair theorem, being characterized by a new quantity, distinct from M, J or Q. An interesting progress is also achieved, since in certain cases, the usual singularity disappears: the curvature of spacetime remains bounded even at the core of the black hole. Moreover, theoretical links are established between scalar-tensor theories (which take place in the usual four dimensions of spacetime), and theories of gravity in higher dimensions. Finally, certain particular properties of scalar-tensor theories enable to transform initial black hole solutions into other solutions with very distinct geometry, like wormholes
Julié, Félix-Louis. "Sur le problème à deux corps et le rayonnement gravitationnel en théories scalaire-tenseur et Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC131/document.
Full textWith the birth of "gravitational wave astronomy" comes the opportunity to test general relativity and its alternatives in a strong field regime that had never been observed so far: that of the coalescence of a compact binary sytem. This thesis studies the problem of motion and gravitational radiation from such systems in modified gravities, by adapting some of the key analytical tools that were first developed in the context of general relativity. First, we show how to widen the "effective-one-body" (EOB) formalism to a large class of modified gravities, including, e.g., scalar-tensor theories. In the latter, the gravitational interaction is described by supplementing general relativity with a (massless) scalar degree of freedom. The corresponding two-body lagrangian being known at post-post-keplerian order, we build an associated EOB hamiltonian, which describes the motion of a test particle orbiting in effective external fields. This enables to simplify and resum the two-body dynamics; and hence, to explore the strong-field regime near merger. We then "tackle", for the first time, the analytical description of "hairy" binary black hole systems, and obtain their (EOB) gravitational waveform counterparts in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theories, which generalize scalar-tensor theories by means of a (massless) vector field. To that end, we derive the two-body lagrangian at post-keplerian order as well as the energy flux radiated at infinity at quadrupolar order. As in general relativity, our developments rely on the phenomenological description of the black hole’s trajectories as worldlines of point particles that are, in turn, described by a "skeleton" action generalizing that of general relativity. Finally, we develop a formalism based on Katz’ "superpotentials" to define the mass (as a nœther charge) of a black hole that is endowed with vector and scalar "hair". We then deduce the first law of thermodynamics, which is particularly suitable to describe its readjustments when interacting with a faraway companion. Black hole thermodynamics is lastly shown to be a powerful tool to interpret and discuss the scope of their "skeletonization"