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Journal articles on the topic 'Gravitational wave'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 April 2023

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1

Cai, Rong-Gen, Zhoujian Cao, Zong-Kuan Guo, Shao-Jiang Wang, and Tao Yang. "The gravitational-wave physics." National Science Review 4, no. 5 (April 4, 2017): 687–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx029.

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Abstract The direct detection of gravitational wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory indicates the coming of the era of gravitational-wave astronomy and gravitational-wave cosmology. It is expected that more and more gravitational-wave events will be detected by currently existing and planned gravitational-wave detectors. The gravitational waves open a new window to explore the Universe and various mysteries will be disclosed through the gravitational-wave detection, combined with other cosmological probes. The gravitational-wave physics is not only related to gravitation theory, but also is closely tied to fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this review article, three kinds of sources of gravitational waves and relevant physics will be discussed, namely gravitational waves produced during the inflation and preheating phases of the Universe, the gravitational waves produced during the first-order phase transition as the Universe cools down and the gravitational waves from the three phases: inspiral, merger and ringdown of a compact binary system, respectively. We will also discuss the gravitational waves as a standard siren to explore the evolution of the Universe.

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2

Szostek, R., P. Góralski, and K. Szostek. "Gravitational waves in Newton’s gravitation and criticism of gravitational waves resulting from the General Theory of Relativity (LIGO)." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 96, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019ph4/39-56.

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The most important conclusion from this article is that from the General Theory of Relativity do not result any gravitational waves, but just ordinary modulation of the gravitational field intensities caused by rotating of bodies. If the LIGO team has measured anything, it is only this modulation, rather than the gravitational wave understood as the carrier of gravity. This discussion shows that using too complicated mathematics in physics leads to erroneous interpretation of results (in this case, perhaps the tensor analysis is guilty). Formally, various things can be calculated, but without knowing what such analysis means, they can be attributed misinterpreted. Since the modulation of gravitational field intensities has been called a gravitational wave in contemporary physics, we have also done so, although it is misleading. In the article it was shown, that from the Newton’s law of gravitation resulted an existence of gravitational waves very similar to these, which result from the General Theory of Relativity (GTR). The article shows differences between the course of gravitational waves that result from Newton’s gravitation, and the course of gravitational waves that result from the General Theory of Relativity, which measurement was announced by the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) [1–3]. According to both theories, gravitational waves are cyclical changes of the gravitational field intensities. The article proposes a method of testing a laser interferometer for gravitational wave measurement used in the LIGO Observatory. Criticism of results published by the LIGO team was also presented.

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3

Wen, Zhao, Zhang Xing, Liu Xiao-jin, Zhang Yang, Wang Yun-yong, Zhang Fan, Zhao Yu-hang, et al. "Gravitational Waves and Gravitational-wave Sourcestwo." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 42, no. 4 (October 2018): 487–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2018.10.010.

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4

Singh, Amit, Ivan Li, Otto Hannuksela, Tjonnie Li, and Kyungmin Kim. "Classifying Lensed Gravitational Waves in the Geometrical Optics Limit with Machine Learning." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 16, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.019.

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Gravitational waves are theorized to be gravitationally lensed when they propagate near massive objects. Such lensing effects cause potentially detectable repeated gravitational wave patterns in ground- and space-based gravitational wave detectors. These effects are difficult to discriminate when the lens is small and the repeated patterns superpose. Traditionally, matched filtering techniques are used to identify gravitational-wave signals, but we instead aim to utilize machine learning techniques to achieve this. In this work, we implement supervised machine learning classifiers (support vector machine, random forest, multi-layer perceptron) to discriminate such lensing patterns in gravitational wave data. We train classifiers with spectrograms of both lensed and unlensed waves using both point-mass and singular isothermal sphere lens models. As the result, classifiers return F1 scores ranging from 0:852 to 0:996, with precisions from 0:917 to 0:992 and recalls ranging from 0:796 to 1:000 depending on the type of classifier and lensing model used. This supports the idea that machine learning classifiers are able to correctly determine lensed gravitational wave signals. This also suggests that in the future, machine learning classifiers may be used as a possible alternative to identify lensed gravitational wave events and to allow us to study gravitational wave sources and massive astronomical objects through further analysis. KEYWORDS: Gravitational Waves; Gravitational Lensing; Geometrical Optics; Machine Learning; Classification; Support Vector Machine; Random Tree Forest; Multi-layer Perceptron

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5

Argyris, John, and Corneliu Ciubotariu. "A Proposal of New Gravitational Experiments." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 40 (December 28, 1997): 3105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397003228.

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Since "evidently the construction of a laboratory generator of gravitational radiation is an unattractive enterprise in the absence of new engineering or a new idea or both" [C. W. Misner, K. S. Thorne and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation (Freeman, 1973), p. 979], we propose in this letter some new experiments on the physics of gravitation. These experiments refer to: simulation of accelerations produced by a gravity wave, a source of high-frequency gravitational waves, a direct current gravitational machine, materials with high gravitomagnetic permeability, and finally the possibility of an attenuation of the gravitational attraction. The new ideas involve essentially first the concept of a detector or a source of gravitational radiation in the form of a body in which the motions of particles are precisely the same as those induced by a real gravitational wave in that body, and second, to design a detector having two principal components placed at a distance of λ/2 along the direction of propagation of a gravity wave. We define a new type of gravitomagnetic field generated directly by the time-dependent tidal accelerations of the gravitational wave, and we also define a new concept: the gravitational superconductor.

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6

Winterberg, Friedwardt. "Explanation of the Quantum-Mechanical Particle-Wave Duality through the Emission of Watt-Less Gravitational Waves by the Dirac Equation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2015-0331.

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AbstractAn explanation of the quantum-mechanical particle-wave duality is given by the watt-less emission of gravitational waves from a particle described by the Dirac equation. This explanation is possible through the existence of negative energy, and hence negative mass solutions of Einstein’s gravitational field equations. They permit to understand the Dirac equation as the equation for a gravitationally bound positive–negative mass (pole–dipole particle) two-body configuration, with the mass of the Dirac particle equal to the positive mass of the gravitational field binding the positive with the negative mass particle, and with the mass particles making a luminal “Zitterbewegung” (quivering motion), emitting a watt-less oscillating positive–negative space curvature wave. It is shown that this thusly produced “Zitterbewegung” reproduces the quantum potential of the Madelung-transformed Schrödinger equation. The watt-less gravitational wave emitted by the quivering particles is conjectured to be de Broglie’s pilot wave. The hypothesised connection of the Dirac equation to gravitational wave physics could, with the failure to detect gravitational waves by the LIGO antennas and pulsar timing arrays, give a clue to extended theories of gravity, or a correction of astrophysical models for the generation of such waves.

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7

Ferreira, Ivan S., C. Frajuca, Nadja S. Magalhaes, M. D. Maia, and Claudio M. G. Sousa. "The laser gravitational compass: A spheroidal interferometric gravitational observatory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 02n03 (January 24, 2020): 2040020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20400205.

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Using the observational properties of Einstein’s gravitational field it is shown that a minimum of four non-coplanar mass probes are necessary for a Michelson and Morley interferometer to detect gravitational waves within the context of General Relativity. With fewer probes, some alternative theories of gravitation can also explain the observations. The conversion of the existing gravitational wave detectors to four probes is also suggested.

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8

Yuan, Tony. "Gravitational fields and gravitational waves." Physics Essays 35, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.2.208.

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The relative velocity between objects with finite velocity affects the reaction between them. This effect is known as general Doppler effect. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves and found their speed to be equal to the speed of light c. Gravitational waves are generated following a disturbance in the gravitational field; they affect the gravitational force on an object. Just as light waves are subject to the Doppler effect, so are gravitational waves. This article explores the following research questions concerning gravitational waves: Is there a linear relationship between gravity and velocity? Can the speed of a gravitational wave represent the speed of the gravitational field (the speed of the action of the gravitational field upon the object)? What is the speed of the gravitational field? What is the spatial distribution of gravitational waves? Do gravitational waves caused by the revolution of the Sun affect planetary precession? Can we modify Newton's gravitational equation through the influence of gravitational waves?

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9

Biesiada, Marek, and Sreekanth Harikumar. "Gravitational Lensing of Continuous Gravitational Waves." Universe 7, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7120502.

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Continuous gravitational waves are analogous to monochromatic light and could therefore be used to detect wave effects such as interference or diffraction. This would be possible with strongly lensed gravitational waves. This article reviews and summarises the theory of gravitational lensing in the context of gravitational waves in two different regimes: geometric optics and wave optics, for two widely used lens models such as the point mass lens and the Singular Isothermal Sphere (SIS). Observable effects due to the wave nature of gravitational waves are discussed. As a consequence of interference, GWs produce beat patterns which might be observable with next generation detectors such as the ground based Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, or the space-borne LISA and DECIGO. This will provide us with an opportunity to estimate the properties of the lensing system and other cosmological parameters with alternative techniques. Diffractive microlensing could become a valuable method of searching for intermediate mass black holes formed in the centres of globular clusters. We also point to an interesting idea of detecting the Poisson–Arago spot proposed in the literature.

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10

Shankaranarayanan, S. "Strong gravity signatures in the polarization of gravitational waves." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 14 (October 2019): 1944020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819440206.

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General Relativity is a hugely successful description of gravitation. However, both theory and observations suggest that General Relativity might have significant classical and quantum corrections in the Strong Gravity regime. Testing the strong field limit of gravity is one of the main objectives of the future gravitational wave detectors. One way to detect strong gravity is through the polarization of gravitational waves. For quasi-normal modes of black-holes in General Relativity, the two polarization states of gravitational waves have the same amplitude and frequency spectrum. Using the principle of energy conservation, we show that the polarizations differ for modified gravity theories. We obtain a diagnostic parameter for polarization mismatch that provides a unique way to distinguish General Relativity and modified gravity theories in gravitational wave detectors.

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11

Chen, Yu-Zhu, Shi-Lin Li, Yu-Jie Chen, and Wu-Sheng Dai. "Cylindrical Gravitational Wave: Source and Resonance." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081425.

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Gravitational waves are regarded as linear waves in the weak field approximation, which ignores the spacetime singularity. In this paper, we analyze singularities in exact gravitational wave solutions. We provide an exact general solution of the gravitational wave with cylindrical symmetry. The general solution includes some known cylindrical wave solutions as special cases. We show that there are two kinds of singularities in the cylindrical gravitational wave solution. The first kind of singularity corresponds to a singular source. The second kind of singularity corresponds to a resonance between different gravitational waves. When two gravitational waves coexist, the interference term in the source may vanish in the sense of time averaging.

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12

Janquart, Justin, Eungwang Seo, Otto A. Hannuksela, Tjonnie G. F. Li, and Chris Van Den Broeck. "On the Identification of Individual Gravitational-wave Image Types of a Lensed System Using Higher-order Modes." Astrophysical Journal Letters 923, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac3bcf.

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Abstract Similarly to light, gravitational waves can be gravitationally lensed as they propagate near massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies, stars, or black holes. In recent years, forecasts have suggested a reasonable chance of strong gravitational-wave lensing detections with the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network at design sensitivity. As a consequence, methods to analyze lensed detections have seen rapid development. However, the impact of higher-order modes on the lensing analyses is still under investigation. In this work, we show that the presence of higher-order modes enables the identification of individual image types for the observed gravitational-wave events when two lensed images are detected, which would lead to unambiguous confirmation of lensing. In addition, we show that higher-order mode content can be analyzed more accurately with strongly lensed gravitational-wave events.

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13

Will, Clifford M. "The confrontation between general relativity and experiment." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (April 2009): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130999038x.

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AbstractWe review the experimental evidence for Einstein's general relativity. A variety of high precision null experiments confirm the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies the concept that gravitation is synonymous with spacetime geometry, and must be described by a metric theory. Solar system experiments that test the weak-field, post-Newtonian limit of metric theories strongly favor general relativity. Binary pulsars test gravitational-wave damping and aspects of strong-field general relativity. During the coming decades, tests of general relativity in new regimes may be possible. Laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatories on Earth and in space may provide new tests via precise measurements of the properties of gravitational waves. Future efforts using X-ray, infrared, gamma-ray and gravitational-wave astronomy may one day test general relativity in the strong-field regime near black holes and neutron stars.

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Morozov, A. N., and V. I. Pustovoit. "Generation and Registration of High--Frequency Coupled Gravitational Waves." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 1 (88) (February 2020): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-1-46-60.

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The paper describes the process of generating a coupled gravitational wave as a result of two electromagnetic waves propagating in a vacuum, the frequency of one wave being two times that of the other. We show that when a coupled gravitational wave interacts with two strong electromagnetic waves, lower frequency harmonics are generated. We consider the case of generating a coupled standing gravitational wave by means of strong standing electromagnetic waves and recording said gravitational wave as it interacts with these electromagnetic waves. We determined that the sensitivity of modern SQUID magnetometers is adequate for successfully conducting a laboratory experiment in generating and recording coupled high-frequency gravitational waves.

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15

Mukherjee, Suvodip, Benjamin D. Wandelt, and Joseph Silk. "Probing the theory of gravity with gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and galaxy surveys." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 1956–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa827.

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ABSTRACT The cross-correlation of gravitational wave strain with upcoming galaxy surveys probes theories of gravity in a new way. This method enables testing the theory of gravity by combining the effects from both gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and the propagation of gravitational waves in space–time. We find that within 10 yr the combination of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) and VIRGO (Virgo interferometer) detector networks with planned galaxy surveys should detect weak gravitational lensing of gravitational waves in the low-redshift Universe (z < 0.5). With the next-generation gravitational wave experiments such as Voyager, LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), Cosmic Explorer, and the Einstein Telescope, we can extend this test of the theory of gravity to larger redshifts by exploiting the synergies between electromagnetic wave and gravitational wave probes.

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16

Caldwell, R. R., C. Devulder, and N. A. Maksimova. "Gravitational wave–gauge field dynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 12 (October 2017): 1742005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817420056.

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The dynamics of a gravitational wave propagating through a cosmic gauge field are dramatically different than in vacuum. We show that a gravitational wave acquires an effective mass, is birefringent, and its normal modes are a linear combination of gravitational waves and gauge field excitations, leading to the phenomenon of gravitational wave–gauge field oscillations. These surprising results provide an insight into gravitational phenomena and may suggest new approaches to a theory of quantum gravity.

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Janquart, Justin, Otto A. Hannuksela, K. Haris, and Chris Van Den Broeck. "A fast and precise methodology to search for and analyse strongly lensed gravitational-wave events." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 5430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1991.

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ABSTRACT Gravitational waves, like light, can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong gravitational-wave lensing, forecasted at a reasonable rate in ground-based gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA, produces multiple images separated in time by minutes to months. These images appear as repeated events in the detectors: gravitational-wave pairs, triplets, or quadruplets with identical frequency evolution originating from the same sky location. To search for these images, we need to, in principle, analyse all viable combinations of individual events present in the gravitational-wave catalogues. An increasingly pressing problem is that the number of candidate pairs that we need to analyse grows rapidly with the increasing number of single-event detections. At design sensitivity, one may have as many as $\mathcal {O}(10^5)$ event pairs to consider. To meet the ever-increasing computational requirements, we develop a fast and precise Bayesian methodology to analyse strongly lensed event pairs, enabling future searches. The methodology works by replacing the prior used in the analysis of one strongly lensed gravitational-wave image by the posterior of another image; the computation is then further sped up by a pre-computed lookup table. We demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to any number of lensed images, enabling fast studies of strongly lensed quadruplets.

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Canazas Garay, Anthonny Freddy. "TEORÍA EFECTIVA PARA ESTRELLAS BINARIAS Y SU APLICACIÓN A ONDAS GRAVITACIONALES." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 25, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v25i2.51.

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Las recientes detecciones de ondas gravitacionales han traído mayor atención al problema de obtener predicciones de alta precisión para los espectros de radiación gravitacional emitidos por sistemas binarios constituidos por agujeros negros o estrellas de neutrones. Este trabajo explica como la teoría de campos efectiva aplicada a la gravitación puede ser usada para describir objetos extendidos interactuando gravitacionalmente como en el caso de un sistema binario. Usando métodos que usualmente se aplican en teoría cuántica de campos se muestra como el sistema binario emite ondas gravitacionales. Palabras clave.- Ondas gravitacionales, Teoría de campos efectiva, Relatividad general, astrofísica, Agujero negro, Estrella de neutrones. ABSTRACTThe recent detections of gravitational waves have brought renewed attention to the problem of obtaining high accuracy predictions for the gravitational radiation spectra emitted by binary systems with black holes or neutron stars constituents. This work explains how effective field theory applied to gravitation can be used to describe a gravitationally interacting extended object as in the binary system case. Gravitational wave emission from the binary system is shown by using methods that are usually applied in quantum field theory. Keywords.- Gravitational waves, Effective field theory, General relativity, Astrophysics, Black hole, Neutron star.

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Liu, Zihan, Hao Shen, and Zeyu Xiao. "The progress of gravitational wave detection in China and its further physical application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022046.

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Abstract Contemporarily, a gravitational wave is one of the most important approaches to gather information from the enormous universe. In short, a gravitational wave is a wave that carries energy, and it is created by the acceleration of massive celestial body propagation with a speed of light. This paper discusses the recent progress of gravitational wave detection in China and clarifies our own opinion on future development. Specifically, a basic description is first presented about the definition and basic knowledge for gravitational wave models and detection methods. Subsequently, this section contains the plan and achievement of the Chinese gravitational wave observatory. Finally, the usages and applications of the gravitational wave to help to detect more phenomena in the universe are demonstrated. These results shed light on a clearer picture of gravitational waves, which may offer a better understanding of the background, principle of detection, and the uses of gravitational waves, i.e., emphasizes its importance in modern astrophysics scientific researches.

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Danielski, Camilla, and Nicola Tamanini. "Will gravitational waves discover the first extra-galactic planetary system?" International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 14 (September 7, 2020): 2043007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820430075.

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Gravitational waves have opened a new observational window through which some of the most exotic objects in the universe, as well as some of the secrets of gravitation itself, can now be revealed. Among all these new discoveries, we recently demonstrated15 that space-based gravitational wave observations will have the potential to detect a new population of massive circumbinary exoplanets everywhere inside our Galaxy. In this paper, we argue that these circumbinary planetary systems can also be detected outside the Milky Way, in particular within its satellite galaxies. Space-based gravitational wave observations might thus constitute the mean to detect the first extra-galactic planetary system, a target beyond the reach of standard electromagnetic searches.

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Tian, Yichen. "Research on the analytical development and progress of gravitational wave detection technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022043.

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Abstract This article demonstrates the basic principle and the recent progress of gravitational wave detection based on information retrieval and literature review. The article describes and illustrates the gravitational wave, including the description of the adopted field equation and its properties. There is also a demonstration of the principle behind the first direct gravitational wave detection. Some other potential ground-based detectors, e.g., KAGRA and space-borne detectors, are also listed and contrasted. Since gravitational waves tend to retain themselves from interacting with matter, which travels from a much earlier time than Electromagnetic waves and should be a vital component to Cosmology studies, the space-borne detectors Taiji and LISA will also interlace with each other to explore deeper space in the 2030s, which would be significant progress in gravitational wave Astronomy. This article employs literature analysis that examines papers that discuss the nature of gravitational waves and their detection. These analyses will shed light on gravitational wave detection development.

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KURODA, KAZUAKI. "LARGE-SCALE GRAVITATIONAL WAVE TELESCOPE (LCGT)." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 10 (September 2011): 1755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019839.

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LCGT is the large scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope project in Japan in order to firstly detect gravitational waves. After the detection, the detector will be served as an astronomical tool to observe the Universe in collaborative observation with Advanced LIGO, GEO HF, Advanced Virgo and AIGO detectors. LCGT will contribute both the enterprise of detecting the gravitational wave events and the worldwide network for gravitational wave astronomy. This paper summarizes the status of LCGT.

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Wen, Xiangyu. "The Theoretical Derivation and Exploration of Gravitational Wave." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2282, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2282/1/012019.

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Abstract This paper mainly records the theoretical system of gravitational waves and the mathematical derivation process. At the same time, it also mentions the working principle of the laser interference gravitational wave observatory. It belongs to the learning of the gravitational wave entry-level, and it can also help you understand and learn gravity waves faster from a professional point of view. The end of the article contains some of my discussions on the future development prospects of gravitational waves.

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Wen, Xiangyu. "The Theoretical Derivation and Exploration of Gravitational Wave." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2282, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2282/1/012019.

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Abstract This paper mainly records the theoretical system of gravitational waves and the mathematical derivation process. At the same time, it also mentions the working principle of the laser interference gravitational wave observatory. It belongs to the learning of the gravitational wave entry-level, and it can also help you understand and learn gravity waves faster from a professional point of view. The end of the article contains some of my discussions on the future development prospects of gravitational waves.

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25

Takahashi, Hirotaka. "Method of Gravitational Wave Search Based on Adaptive Time-Frequency Analysis and Machine Learning." Impact 2020, no. 5 (November 9, 2020): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.5.43.

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In simple terms, gravitational waves are ripples in space-time caused by energetic processes in the Universe, such as the movement of mass. One of the exciting things about them is that they can be used to observe systems that are basically impossible to detect using other means. These ripples were predicted by Albert Einstein almost a century ago, but it wasn't until 2016 that scientists announced, for the first time, the detection of gravitational waves. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is the physics experiment responsible for this detection and it has since continued to make a significant impact in the field. LIGO collaborates closely with the Virgo interferometer; a large interferometer designed to detect gravitational waves, and the Japanese Gravitational Wave Detector in Kamioka Mine (KAGRA), the Large Scale Cryogenic Gravitational Wave Telescope; a project of the gravitational wave studies group led by the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research of The University of Tokyo. But there still remain many unknowns, such as challenges related to the data analysis of gravitational waves. Professor Hirotaka Takahashi is carrying out research on gravitational waves that is attempting to address these challenges by developing algorithms that can dramatically increase the speed and efficiency of gravitational wave searches, which he believes are currently insufficient. Takahashi is a member of the KAGRA collaboration, which, as of March 2020, consists of more than 390 researchers from 90 institutions in 14 countries and regions.

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Pandey, Shashank Shekhar, Arnab Sarkar, Amna Ali, and A. S. Majumdar. "Effect of inhomogeneities on the propagation of gravitational waves from binaries of compact objects." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 06 (June 1, 2022): 021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/06/021.

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Abstract We consider the propagation of gravitational waves in the late time Universe with the presence of structure. Before detection, gravitational waves emitted from distant sources have to traverse through regions of spacetime which are far from smooth and homogeneous. We investigate the effect of inhomogeneities on the observables associated with the gravitational wave sources. In particular, we evaluate the impact of inhomogeneities on gravitational wave propagation by employing Buchert's framework of averaging. In context of a toy model within the above framework, it is first shown how the redshift versus distance relation gets affected through the averaging process. We then study the variation of the redshift dependent part of the observed gravitational wave amplitude for different combination of our model parameters. We show that the variation of the gravitational wave amplitude with respect to redshift can deviate significantly compared to that in the ΛCDM-model. Our result signifies the importance of local inhomogeneities on precision measurements of parameters of gravitational wave sources.

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Lutan, Marliana, Agustina Widiyani, Azwar Sutiono, Getbogi Hikmawan, Agus Suroso, and Freddy Permana Zen. "Gravitational Wave Propagation for The Generalized Proca Theories." Indonesian Journal of Physics 33, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2022.33.1.7.

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In general relativity, a gravitational wave propagates with the speed of light, but inthe alternative theories of gravity, propagation speed could deviate from the speed of lightdue to the modification of gravity. Gravitational waves are influenced by modified gravityduring propagation at the cosmological distance. In this paper, we investigate thepropagation of a gravitational wave of the generalized Proca theories by consideringgravitational wave as the gravitational field propagates in spacetime as a wave perturbing flatspacetime. We show that the arbitrary functions G3, G4, and G5 can be the sources ofdeviation of the speed of the gravitational wave.

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Delva, Pacôme, and Ernst Rasel. "Matter wave interferometry and gravitational waves." Journal of Modern Optics 56, no. 18-19 (October 20, 2009): 1999–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340903326169.

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Bini, Donato, Pierluigi Fortini, Maria Haney, and Antonello Ortolan. "Electromagnetic waves in gravitational wave spacetimes." Classical and Quantum Gravity 28, no. 23 (November 15, 2011): 235007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/28/23/235007.

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30

BORDÉ, Christian J., A. KARASIEWICZ, and Ph TOURRENC. "GENERAL RELATIVISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR ATOMIC INTERFEROMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 03, no. 01 (March 1994): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271894000186.

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We give covariant equations for a two-level spin 1/2 atom interacting with laser fields in a gravitational background. Some gravitational effects of interest for atomic interferometry are derived, including spin-gravitation effects. A possible application to gravitational wave detection is outlined.

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31

Dirkes, Alain. "Gravitational waves — A review on the theoretical foundations of gravitational radiation." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 14n15 (May 28, 2018): 1830013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18300132.

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In this paper, we review the theoretical foundations of gravitational waves in the framework of Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Following Einstein’s early efforts, we first derive the linearized Einstein field equations and work out the corresponding gravitational wave equation. Moreover, we present the gravitational potentials in the far away wave zone field point approximation obtained from the relaxed Einstein field equations. We close this review by taking a closer look on the radiative losses of gravitating [Formula: see text]-body systems and present some aspects of the current interferometric gravitational waves detectors. Each section has a separate appendix contribution where further computational details are displayed. To conclude, we summarize the main results and present a brief outlook in terms of current ongoing efforts to build a spaced-based gravitational wave observatory.

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32

Braginskii, Vladimir B., and Leonid P. Grishchuk. "Gravitational wave astronomy." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 151, no. 1 (1987): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0151.198701j.0177.

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Grishchuk, Leonid P. "Gravitational-wave astronomy." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 156, no. 10 (1988): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0156.198810c.0297.

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34

Nollert, H. ‐P. "Gravitational Wave Astronomy." Annalen der Physik 512, no. 3-5 (May 2000): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.200051203-518.

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35

Camp, Jordan B., and Neil J. Cornish. "GRAVITATIONAL WAVE ASTRONOMY." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 54, no. 1 (December 2004): 525–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181251.

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36

Conneely, C. "Gravitational wave backgrounds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 840 (May 2017): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/840/1/012053.

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37

Lipunov, V. M., S. N. Nazin, I. E. Panchenko, K. A. Postnov, and M. E. Prokhorov. "Gravitational wave sky." Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 10, no. 1 (June 1996): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10556799608203245.

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38

Aufmuth, Peter, and Karsten Danzmann. "Gravitational wave detectors." New Journal of Physics 7 (September 29, 2005): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/202.

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39

Jeffries, Andrew D., Peter R. Saulson, Robert E. Spero, and Michael E. Zucker. "Gravitational Wave Observatories." Scientific American 256, no. 6 (June 1987): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0687-50.

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seyithocuk, seyithocuk, jjeherrera jjeherrera, GrahamRounce GrahamRounce, rloldershaw rloldershaw, Dr Beaker Dr Beaker, eltodesukane eltodesukane, G. S. Sandhu, and Ophiuchi Ophiuchi. "Gravitational-wave joy." Physics World 29, no. 3 (March 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/29/3/24.

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41

Schutz, B. F. "Gravitational wave astronomy." Classical and Quantum Gravity 16, no. 12A (November 16, 1999): A131—A156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/16/12a/307.

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42

Braginskiĭ, Vladimir B., and Leonid P. Grishchuk. "Gravitational wave astronomy." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 30, no. 1 (January 31, 1987): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1987v030n01abeh002798.

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43

Grishchuk, Leonid P. "Gravitational-wave astronomy." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 31, no. 10 (October 31, 1988): 940–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1988v031n10abeh005634.

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44

Hughes, S. A. "Gravitational-wave physics." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 138 (January 2005): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.098.

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Key, Joey, and Tyson Littenberg. "Gravitational Wave Astronomy." American Scientist 106, no. 5 (2018): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2018.106.5.276.

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46

Bar, D. "Gravitational Wave Holography." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 46, no. 3 (January 31, 2007): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-006-9108-1.

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Ajith, P., and K. G. Arun. "Gravitational-wave astronomy." Resonance 16, no. 10 (October 2011): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-011-0090-4.

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Schutz, B. F. "Gravitational-wave sources." Classical and Quantum Gravity 13, no. 11A (November 1, 1996): A219—A238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/13/11a/031.

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49

Nollert, H. P. "Gravitational Wave Astronomy." Annalen der Physik 9, no. 3-5 (May 2000): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3889(200005)9:3/5<355::aid-andp355>3.0.co;2-5.

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50

González, Gabriela, Andrea Viceré, and Linqing Wen. "Gravitational wave astronomy." Frontiers of Physics 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2013): 771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11467-013-0329-5.

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