Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer

Academic literature on the topic 'Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer"

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Steeghs, D., D. K. Galloway, K. Ackley, M. J. Dyer, J. Lyman, K. Ulaczyk, R. Cutter, et al. "The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO): prototype performance and prospects for transient science." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 2405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac013.

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ABSTRACT The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) is an array of wide-field optical telescopes, designed to exploit new discoveries from the next generation of gravitational wave detectors (LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA), study rapidly evolving transients, and exploit multimessenger opportunities arising from neutrino and very high energy gamma-ray triggers. In addition to a rapid response mode, the array will also perform a sensitive, all-sky transient survey with few day cadence. The facility features a novel, modular design with multiple 40-cm wide-field reflectors on a single mount. In 2017 June, the GOTO collaboration deployed the initial project prototype, with 4 telescope units, at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM), La Palma, Canary Islands. Here, we describe the deployment, commissioning, and performance of the prototype hardware, and discuss the impact of these findings on the final GOTO design. We also offer an initial assessment of the science prospects for the full GOTO facility that employs 32 telescope units across two sites.
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Mong, Y.-L., K. Ackley, D. K. Galloway, M. Dyer, R. Cutter, M. J. I. Brown, J. Lyman, et al. "Searching for Fermi GRB optical counterparts with the prototype Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 4 (September 7, 2021): 5463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2499.

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ABSTRACT The typical detection rate of ∼1 gamma-ray burst (GRB) per day by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) provides a valuable opportunity to further our understanding of GRB physics. However, the large uncertainty of the Fermi localization typically prevents rapid identification of multiwavelength counterparts. We report the follow-up of 93 Fermi GRBs with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) prototype on La Palma. We selected 53 events (based on favourable observing conditions) for detailed analysis, and to demonstrate our strategy of searching for optical counterparts. We apply a filtering process consisting of both automated and manual steps to 60 085 candidates initially, rejecting all but 29, arising from 15 events. With ≈3 GRB afterglows expected to be detectable with GOTO from our sample, most of the candidates are unlikely to be related to the GRBs. Since we did not have multiple observations for those candidates, we cannot confidently confirm the association between the transients and the GRBs. Our results show that GOTO can effectively search for GRB optical counterparts thanks to its large field of view of ≈40 deg2 and its depth of ≈20 mag. We also detail several methods to improve our overall performance for future follow-up programmes of Fermi GRBs.
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Gompertz, B. P., R. Cutter, D. Steeghs, D. K. Galloway, J. Lyman, K. Ulaczyk, M. J. Dyer, et al. "Searching for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave merger events with the prototype Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1845.

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ABSTRACT We report the results of optical follow-up observations of 29 gravitational-wave (GW) triggers during the first half of the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) O3 run with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) in its prototype 4-telescope configuration (GOTO-4). While no viable electromagnetic (EM) counterpart candidate was identified, we estimate our 3D (volumetric) coverage using test light curves of on- and off-axis gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae. In cases where the source region was observable immediately, GOTO-4 was able to respond to a GW alert in less than a minute. The average time of first observation was 8.79 h after receiving an alert (9.90 h after trigger). A mean of 732.3 square degrees were tiled per event, representing on average 45.3 per cent of the LVC probability map, or 70.3 per cent of the observable probability. This coverage will further improve as the facility scales up alongside the localization performance of the evolving GW detector network. Even in its 4-telescope prototype configuration, GOTO is capable of detecting AT2017gfo-like kilonovae beyond 200 Mpc in favourable observing conditions. We cannot currently place meaningful EM limits on the population of distant ($\hat{D}_L = 1.3$ Gpc) binary black hole mergers because our test models are too faint to recover at this distance. However, as GOTO is upgraded towards its full 32-telescope, 2 node (La Palma & Australia) configuration, it is expected to be sufficiently sensitive to cover the predicted O4 binary neutron star merger volume, and will be able to respond to both northern and southern triggers.
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Hu, Y. D., X. Y. Li, A. J. Castro-Tirado, E. J. Fernandez-García, A. Castellon, I. Carrasco-García, C. Perez del Pulgar, et al. "THE BOOTES NETWORK IN THE GRAVITATIONAL WAVE ERA." Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica Serie de Conferencias 53 (September 1, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ia.14052059p.2021.53.18.

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The Burst Optical Observer and Transient Exploring System (BOOTES) is a world-wide automatic telescope network which aims to repaid follow-up of transient and astrophysical sources in the sky for which the first station was installed in 1998. With the advent in 2015 of the LIGO/Virgo interferometers, as part of the new generation of detectors designed for the detection of the signal of gravitational waves, a new window to explore the Universe has been opened. Here we present the status of the BOOTES network, the related strategies regarding the follow-up of gravitational wave events and the developments in the Gravitational Wave Era. Some preliminary results regarding the BOOTES follow-up observations are presented.
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de Wet, S., P. J. Groot, S. Bloemen, R. Le Poole, M. Klein-Wolt, E. Körding, V. McBride, et al. "GW190814 follow-up with the optical telescope MeerLICHT." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040231.

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Context. The Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave observatories detected a signal on 2019 August 14 during their third observing run, named GW190814. A large number of electromagnetic facilities conducted follow-up campaigns in the search for a possible counterpart to the gravitational wave event, which was made especially promising given the early source classification of a neutron star-black hole merger. Aims. We present the results of the GW follow-up campaign taken with the wide-field optical telescope MeerLICHT, located at the South African Astronomical Observatory Sutherland site. We use our results to constrain possible kilonova models. Methods. The MeerLICHT telescope observed more than 95% of the probability localisation each night for over a week in three optical bands (u, q, i) with our initial observations beginning almost two hours after the GW detection. We describe the search for new transients in MeerLICHT data and investigate how our limiting magnitudes can be used to constrain an AT2017gfo-like kilonova. Results. A single new transient was found in our analysis of MeerLICHT data, which we exclude from being the electromagnetic counterpart to GW190814 owing to the existence of a spatially unresolved source at the coordinates of the transient in archival data. Using our limiting magnitudes, the confidence with which we can exclude the presence of an AT2017gfo-like kilonova at the distance of GW190814 was low (< 10−4).
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van Roestel, J., P. J. Groot, T. Kupfer, K. Verbeek, S. van Velzen, M. Bours, P. Nugent, et al. "The Palomar Transient Factory Sky2Night programme." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 484, no. 4 (January 28, 2019): 4507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz241.

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Abstract We present results of the Sky2Night project: a systematic, unbiased search for fast optical transients with the Palomar Transient Factory. We have observed 407deg2 in R-band for eight nights at a cadence of 2 h. During the entire duration of the project, the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope on La Palma was dedicated to obtaining identification spectra for the detected transients. During the search, we found 12 supernovae, 10 outbursting cataclysmic variables, nine flaring M-stars, three flaring active galactic nuclei, and no extragalactic fast optical transients. Using this systematic survey for transients, we have calculated robust observed rates for the detected types of transients, and upper limits of the rate of extragalactic fast optical transients of $\mathcal {R}\lt 37\times 10^{-4}$deg−2 d−1 and $\mathcal {R}\lt 9.3\times 10^{-4}$deg−2 d−1 for time-scales of 4 h and 1 d and a limiting magnitude of R ≈ 19.7. We use the results of this project to determine what kind of and how many astrophysical false positives we can expect when following up gravitational wave detections in search for kilonovae.
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Mong, Y.-L., K. Ackley, D. K. Galloway, T. Killestein, J. Lyman, D. Steeghs, V. Dhillon, et al. "Machine learning for transient recognition in difference imaging with minimum sampling effort." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 6009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3096.

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ABSTRACT The amount of observational data produced by time-domain astronomy is exponentially increasing. Human inspection alone is not an effective way to identify genuine transients from the data. An automatic real-bogus classifier is needed and machine learning techniques are commonly used to achieve this goal. Building a training set with a sufficiently large number of verified transients is challenging, due to the requirement of human verification. We present an approach for creating a training set by using all detections in the science images to be the sample of real detections and all detections in the difference images, which are generated by the process of difference imaging to detect transients, to be the samples of bogus detections. This strategy effectively minimizes the labour involved in the data labelling for supervised machine learning methods. We demonstrate the utility of the training set by using it to train several classifiers utilizing as the feature representation the normalized pixel values in 21 × 21 pixel stamps centred at the detection position, observed with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) prototype. The real-bogus classifier trained with this strategy can provide up to $95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ prediction accuracy on the real detections at a false alarm rate of $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$.
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Macri, Lucas M., Mario C. Díaz, and Diego Garcia Lambas. "Observations of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source by the TOROS collaboration." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S338 (October 2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318003630.

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AbstractWe present the results of prompt optical follow-up of the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817 by the Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration (TOROS). We detected highly significant dimming in the light curves of the counterpart over the course of only 80 minutes of observations obtained ~35 hr after the trigger with the T80-South telescope. A second epoch of observations, obtained ~59 hr after the event with the EABA 1.5m telescope, confirms the fast fading nature of the transient. The observed colors of the counterpart suggest that this event was a “blue kilonova” relatively free of lanthanides.
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Almualla, Mouza, Michael W. Coughlin, Shreya Anand, Khalid Alqassimi, Nidhal Guessoum, and Leo P. Singer. "Dynamic scheduling: target of opportunity observations of gravitational wave events." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 4366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1498.

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ABSTRACT The simultaneous detection of electromagnetic and gravitational waves from the coalescence of two neutron stars (GW170817 and GRB170817A) has ushered in a new era of ‘multimessenger’ astronomy, with electromagnetic detections spanning from gamma to radio. This great opportunity for new scientific investigations raises the issue of how the available multimessenger tools can best be integrated to constitute a powerful method to study the transient Universe in particular. To facilitate the classification of possible optical counterparts to gravitational wave events, it is important to optimize the scheduling of observations and the filtering of transients, both key elements of the follow-up process. In this work, we describe the existing workflow whereby telescope networks such as GRANDMA and GROWTH are currently scheduled; we then present modifications we have developed for the scheduling process specifically, so as to face the relevant challenges that have appeared during the latest observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We address issues with scheduling more than one epoch for multiple fields within a skymap, especially for large and disjointed localizations. This is done in two ways: by optimizing the maximum number of fields that can be scheduled and by splitting up the lobes within the skymap by right ascension to be scheduled individually. In addition, we implement the ability to take previously observed fields into consideration when rescheduling. We show the improvements that these modifications produce in making the search for optical counterparts more efficient, and we point to areas needing further improvement.
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Becerra, R. L., S. Dichiara, A. M. Watson, E. Troja, N. R. Butler, M. Pereyra, E. Moreno Méndez, et al. "DDOTI observations of gravitational-wave sources discovered in O3." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 1401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2086.

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ABSTRACT We present optical follow-up observations with the Deca-Degree Optical Transient Imager (DDOTI) telescope of gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo O3 observing run. DDOTI is capable of responding to an alert in a few minutes, has an instantaneous field of about 69 deg2, and obtains 10σ upper limits of wlim = 18.5–20.5 AB mag in 1000 s of exposure, depending on the conditions. We observed 54 per cent (26 out of 48) of the unretracted GW alerts and did not find any electromagnetic counterparts. We compare our upper limits to various possible counterparts: the kilonova AT 2017gfo, models of radioactive- and magnetar-powered kilonovae, short gamma-ray burst afterglows, and active galactic nucleus (AGN) flares. Although the large positional uncertainties of GW sources do not allow us to place strong constraints during O3, DDOTI observations of well-localized GW events in O4 and beyond could meaningfully constrain models of compact binary mergers. We show that DDOTI is able to detect kilonovae similar to AT 2017gfo up to about 200 Mpc and magnetar-powered kilonovae up to 1 Gpc. We calculate that nearby (≲200 Mpc) afterglows have a high chance (≈70 per cent) to be detected by rapid (≲3 h) DDOTI observations if observed on-axis, whereas off-axis afterglows are unlikely to be seen. Finally, we suggest that long-term monitoring of massive BBH events with DDOTI could confirm or rule out late AGN flares associated with these events.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer"

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Dyer, Martin J., Danny Steeghs, Duncan K. Galloway, Vik S. Dhillon, Paul T. O'Brien, Gavin Ramsay, Kanthanakorn Noysena, et al. "The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)." In Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VIII, edited by Heather K. Marshall, Jason Spyromilio, and Tomonori Usuda. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2561008.

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Dyer, Martin J., Kendall Ackley, Joe Lyman, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Danny Steeghs, Duncan K. Galloway, Vik Dhillon, et al. "The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)." In Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IX, edited by Heather K. Marshall, Jason Spyromilio, and Tomonori Usuda. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2629369.

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Tabacolde, A. B., T. Boongoen, N. Iam-On, J. Mullaney, U. Sawangwit, and K. Ulaczyk. "Transient Detection Modelling for Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) Sky Survey." In ICMLC 2018: 2018 10th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3195106.3195153.

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Littlefair, Stuart, Danny Steeghs, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Duncan Galloway, Evert Rol, Martin J. Dyer, Vik S. Dhillon, and Paul Chote. "A telescope control and scheduling system for the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)." In Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VII, edited by Alison B. Peck, Chris R. Benn, and Robert L. Seaman. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2311865.

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Zadrożny, Adam, Marcin Sokołowski, Rafał Opiela, and Łukasz Obara. "Prompt searches for optical signals from gravitational wave transient candidates with Pi of the Sky." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2013, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2035451.

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