Academic literature on the topic 'Gravitational Time Advancement'

Solar System tests of a brane world, which is called DMPR model, were studied in recent works. The correction of DMPR model to the general relativity (GR) in the four-dimensional curved spacetime can be parametrized by a “tidal charge” parameter [Formula: see text]. The parameter [Formula: see text] in this model was obtained and improved as [Formula: see text] by the Earth–Mercury ranging. A new test of the DMPR model based on gravitational time advancement is proposed and investigated in this work. The advancement is a gravitational consequence on round-trip proper time duration of a photon. For ranging a distant spacecraft, it is shown that (1) the “tidal charge” parameter can make the advancement larger or smaller than the one of GR, depending on the sign of [Formula: see text]; (2) the superior conjunction (SC) and the inferior conjunction (IC) are all suitable for detecting the advancement; (3) the advancement can be complementary to the classical test of Shapiro time delay for detecting the brane world; and (4) the implementation of optical clocks and planetary laser ranging will provide more insights on the brane world model in the future.

The possibility of observing negative Shapiro-like gravitational time delay (or time advancement) due to the Earth’s gravity employing interferometric experiments on the Earth’s surface is discussed. It is suggested that such a measurement may be realized in the near future with the help of modern versions of Michelson–Morley-type experiments.

With the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and its widespread use in many facets of manufacturing and daily life, the need for UAV mission automation is becoming more and more practical. In order to improve the automatic obstacle avoidance and path planning performance of UAVs, this essay proposes an optimized route planning algorithm based on the artificial potential field (APF) method, which have solved the typical issue of the APF. This method chooses to conduct a pre planning trajectory of the UAV based on a rapidly expanding random tree (RRT). The pre-planned path will be split into continuous particles, and then generating intermediate waypoints. A nearby waypoint offers a gravitational force to aid the UAV in escaping the local minimum when it enters it. At the same time, taking the distance from the UAV to the obstacle and the radius of influence of the obstacle itself into consideration, dynamically adjust the gravitational and repulsive coefficients, set up a non-gravitational zone around the obstacle, which is beneficial for the UAV to elude the obstacle. And set up a repulsive limited action zone to reduce unnecessary turns in the trajectory to achieve the effect of path optimization. Considering the difficulty of single UAV missions in most cases, this paper discusses cooperative flight path planning for multiple UAVs into consideration.

AbstractTHESEUS, one of the two space mission concepts being studied by ESA as candidates for next M5 mission within its Comsic Vision programme, aims at fully exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) to solve key questions about the early Universe, as well as becoming a cornerstone of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. By investigating the first billion years of the Universe through high-redshift GRBs, THESEUS will shed light on the main open issues in modern cosmology, such as the population of primordial low mass and luminosity galaxies, sources and evolution of cosmic re-ionization, SFR and metallicity evolution up to the “cosmic dawn” and across Pop-III stars. At the same time, the mission will provide a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics by enabling the identification, accurate localisation and study of electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational waves and neutrinos, which will be routinely detected in the late ‘20s and early ‘30s by the second and third generation Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometers and future neutrino detectors, as well as of all kinds of GRBs and most classes of other X/gamma-ray transient sources. Under all these respects, THESEUS will provide great synergies with future large observing facilities in the multi-messenger domain. A Guest Observer programme, comprising Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations, will expand the science return of the mission, to include, e.g., solar system minor bodies, exoplanets, and AGN.

The advancement of using the cryogenic energy storage (CES) system has enabled efficient utilization of abandoned wind and solar energy, and the system can be dispatched in the peak hours of regional power load demand to release energy. It can fill the demand gap, which is conducive to the peak regulation of the power system and can further promote the rapid development of new energy. This study optimizes the various types of energy complementary to the CES system using hybrid gravitational search algorithm-local search optimization (hGSA-LS). First, the mathematical model of the energy storage system (ESS) including the CES system is briefly described. Second, an economic scheduling optimization model of the IES is constructed by minimizing the operating cost of the system. Third, the hGSA-LS methods to solve the optimization problem are proposed. Simulations show that the hGSA-LS methodology is more efficient. The simulation results verify the feasibility of CES compared with traditional systems in terms of economic benefits, new energy consumption rate, primary energy saving rate, and carbon emissions under different fluctuations in energy prices. Optimization of the system operation using the proposed hGSA-LS algorithm takes 5.87 s; however, the GA, PSO, and GSA require 12.56, 10.33, and 7.95 s, respectively. Thus, the hGSA-LS algorithm shows a comparatively better performance than GA, PSO, and GSA in terms of time.

<p class="1Body">Astronomers and physicists denounce difficulties in carrying out Cosmological Research in the middle of pseudoscientific strategies. At present, Cosmological modelling follows either some revised Expanding model (i.e. Accelerating universe) or the Static-Evolving model based on the large and old universe observed in the last decades, which convinced astronomers to abandon the Big bang and the Recession of galaxies (Doppler <em>interpretation</em> of Hubble’s redshift). Research on gravitation is made more difficult due to the presence of some misconceptions that hindered the elaboration of the Quantum theory of gravitation. Some years ago we suggested leaving the strategy of quantising Newton’s <em>pulling</em> gravitation, since the very nature of quanta is to generate a Quantum <em>Pushing</em> forces between particles, due to the mutual shielding effect between two particles immersed in a uniform flux of quanta. Equating the Quantum Pushing force to the <em>measured</em> gravitational force, gives us the flux f_o and others constants of micro-quanta (see Table 1). This quantum concept in Gravitational theory allows to by pass all mathematical and physical problems that hindered the old - and not very clear - project of harmonizing Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. Some papers published in the last decade, particularly on Applied Physics Research, showed that the flux of micro-quanta filling the universe is able to solve the following problems: <strong>1</strong>) generation of the Quantum gravitational force (see par.6) and the Inertial forces (see par.5), <strong>2</strong>) the homogeneous cosmological redshift (par.6.2) coming from the collisions of micro-quanta with photons, <strong>3</strong>) the cosmic collapse - threatening the old Einstein’s static universe - is prevented by the exponential attenuation theoretically required (see par.6.1) in the extended Quantum Pushing gravity, <strong>4</strong>) all photons emitted from luminous stars are exponentially redshifted by collisions with micro-quanta and constitute the CMB, i.e. the millimetre waves uniformly coming from cosmos, measured in 1964.</p><p class="1Body">These four results brought revolution in the preceding physics, as described in the Introduction. Whether the hypothesised Big bang happened or not, the enormous stellar radiation emitted in the universe <em>must be taken into account</em> in generating the CMB. Strangely, supporters of the Initial Explosion avoided to assess this contribution, which is anyway required because for at least 13 Giga-years all stars of receding galaxies continued their emissions. A calculation (Michelini, 2013) revealed that assuming everywhere (par. 6.3) the cosmological redshift z = <em>exp</em>(<em>x/L_o</em>) -1 (where <em>x</em> is the distance of the luminous source and <em>L_o</em> is the mean free path<em> </em>in space of micro-quanta) the energy of all redshifted photons results about <em>equal</em> to the measured CMB.</p><p class="1Body">Part 2 shows that the same analytical form of redshift, due to the same dependence on Compton’s effect, was obtained (Brynjolfsson, 2005) from the theory of plasma redshift at Large Universe. But this formulation remained useless due to the difficulty of verifying the electron plasma density at far intergalactic spaces. It was noticed that the new Cosmological redshift gives, at small distances <em>x</em> &lt;&lt; <em>L_o</em> , the same result z <em>x</em>/<em>L_o</em> of the Hubble’s redshift valid in Near Universe, demonstrating that the characteristic length <em>L_o</em> does not vary across the universe. Thanks to the measurements of Planck’s satellite, <em>L_o</em> resulted equal to about 1.3x10²⁶. This gave credibility to Static-evolving Cosmology, where the mean free path<em> L_o</em> of micro-quanta rules <em>not only</em> the cosmological redshift, but <em>also</em> the extended Quantum Pushing Gravity and the CMB cosmic background, showing the unitary structure of space.</p><p class="1Body">Part 3 shows the advancement that micro-quanta Paradigm introduced in physics by correctly obtaining the relativistic equations of motion (in S. R this was done on pure kinematical bases) from the <em>dynamical </em>balance of momentum released to particles through collisions with the flux of micro-quanta. This advancement makes free S.R. from the deadly paradoxes that came out along its development. A great advancement was also the establishment of the pulsating Quantum Pushing Gravity in substitution of the Newtonian Gravity.</p><p class="1Body">Part 4 shows that the classical theory of the globule “<em>collapse</em>” proposed by Jeans in the first ‘900 does not constitute a model of Star Formation. Applying that theory to the Bok’s globules - discovered in 1945 - gives no definite results since the classical energy balance of the contracting globules inadequate to obtain the contraction velocity. The Jeans’ hypothesis of the <em>free fall</em> contraction appears ridiculous. observational evidence that Bok’s globules are <em>incubators</em> of stars needs an adequate theoretical model of Star Forming which allows to calculate the Incubation time. The gravitational accretion of galactic gas upon an extinct star, was developed to explain the formation of obscure Supermasses in AGN’s. The calculated incubation times resulted well higher than the Big bang age of universe. Accretion can be also adopted for small inert masses (fragments of Supernovae, cosmic powder, planetary nebulae, etc) giving rise to Star Forming models (par. 9 bis).</p><p class="1Body">In Part 5 is pointed out that any kind of quanta colliding with particles release some energy that is ruled by Compton’s equation. Calculating the energy that micro-quanta of <em>pulsating</em> Quantum Pushing Gravity due to the Hydrogen nucleus, release at regular intervals on the electron, it is found an average power <em>p_e</em> 2x10^-54 watt. This is not a Hypothesis, but a result standing on well founded Principles of Physics.</p>

Electrification of Transportation has undergone major modifications since the last decade. Success of combining smart grid technology and renewable energy exclusively depends upon the large-scale participation of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) towards reach the desired pollution-free transportation industry. One of the key Performance pointers of hybrid electric vehicle is the State-of-Charge (SoC) which needs to be enhanced for the advancement of charging station using computational intelligence methods. In this Chapter, authors applied Hybrid Particle swarm and gravitational search Optimization (PSOGSA) technique for intelligently allocating energy to the PHEVs considering constraints such as energy price, remaining battery capacity, and remaining charging time. Computational experiment results attained for maximizing the highly non-linear fitness function estimates the performance measure of both the techniques in terms of best fitness value and computation time.

Electrification of Transportation has undergone major modifications since the last decade. Success of combining smart grid technology and renewable energy exclusively depends upon the large-scale participation of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) towards reach the desired pollution-free transportation industry. One of the key Performance pointers of hybrid electric vehicle is the State-of-Charge (SoC) which needs to be enhanced for the advancement of charging station using computational intelligence methods. In this Chapter, authors applied Hybrid Particle swarm and gravitational search Optimization (PSOGSA) technique for intelligently allocating energy to the PHEVs considering constraints such as energy price, remaining battery capacity, and remaining charging time. Computational experiment results attained for maximizing the highly non-linear fitness function estimates the performance measure of both the techniques in terms of best fitness value and computation time.

Abstract I do not know the origin of life. Those of us who hold, like I do, that life emerged spontaneously from inanimate matter are, we must admit, at a distinctly embarrassing disadvantage: we have not yet come up with a convincing mechanism for abiogenesis. In his presidential address to the 1871 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Lord Kelvin stated, “Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” If he is right, which I doubt, then life must have been present in the universe for all past time.